560:. Night reconnaissance flights were performed during the Meuse-Argonne offensive as weather conditions permitted. On 24 September an attack was made on squadron aircraft by two enemy chase planes. The planes were not identified until they were less than 100 meters away. The forward aircraft was firing when it was first observed. By diving rapidly, first to the right, then to the left, the 9th squadron aircraft escaped, although the two enemy planes were seen several hundred meters above searching. Four days later information was received from the Intelligence Department that a night reconnaissance flight had been identified on one of the enemy airdromes. Although the planes of our Allies were attacked three times after this incident, the planes of the 9th met no further resistance in the air. The squadron remained at Vavincourt until the armistice on 11 November.
513:
each day for the nightly operations, taking off at staggered times. To reduce visibility of the aircraft when performing night missions aircraft were painted in black. Operations orders delineated the areas to be flown over by each sortie. During each mission, the observers would look for railroad activity with trains moving; road convoys; lighted areas indicating troop concentrations; locations of anti-aircraft artillery and searchlights, carefully noting their locations. Not all missions were successful, as weather would interfere with observations, and night fogs would cover the ground, making observations impossible.
69:
120:
52:
1531:
549:
130:
378:
1051:
538:"..When enemy search lights are sweeping the sky searching for one, it is best to refrain from shooting till they actually find and hold the light on the plane, for the tracer bullets are an aid to the searchers in locating the fliers position. As soon, however, as ones position is discovered the use of quick, well directed machine gun fire will greatly disturb the men directing the light and aid the pilot in eluding the trap.."
1032:
168:
2107:
543:"..In shooting up a train load of troops or motor transports, one should drop to a level of three hundred meters or lower, and rake the train in a longitudinal manner. Good coordination between the pilot and observer is essential as the machine (aircraft) should be flown slowly, straight and as nearly as possible in a direction parallel to the movement of the target to get the best results.."
28:
1114:
487:. There the 9th was organised for night flying and reconnaissance duties, the first US squadron to do so. Night reconnaissance had been tried with indifferent success by the French and with fairly good results by the British. Replacements of enlisted personnel were made and on 23 August the squadron arrived at the 1st Air Depot,
512:
At Amaty, the first patrol was made over the lines on the night of 14 September 1918. Regular flights were made thereafter. "A" Flight would be on duty from dark until 01:00; "B" Flight from 01:00 until dawn each night. Flying was between 700 and 1200 meters altitude. Operations orders were issued
373:
Jenny, the first airplane to ever fly there. The airfield was still mostly pasture land, and construction of accommodations were underway for 150 aircraft at the field. The airfield was gearing up to train men in flying, bombing, radio and photography for the war effort. During the summer of 1917,
495:
reconnaissance aircraft equipped with a camera, with some carrying radios. Poor equipment was issued to the squadron at the beginning of operations, part of the flares and landing lights being condemned products from other armies. The equipment was speedily gotten rid of by the squadron which had
499:
An effort was made to secure experienced pilots and observers from older squadrons, but this proved impractical. New pilots with little night flying and observers with no night experience were received by the squadron. These men had to be trained in night work before they could begin operations
500:
over the lines. This obstacle in conjunction with bad night weather, was responsible for the slow start of the squadron. The 9th was then assigned to the 1st Army
Observation Group, Air Service, First Army, and transferred to the Headquarters, Night Reconnaissance Bombing Group at
533:"..On a full moonlight night or an approximately full moonlight night observation is easy and can be carried on from a height of from 1,000 to 1,500 meters. Artificial flares are not necessary unless very detailed information is required when a lower altitude becomes necessary..."
301:
sector of the
Western Front in France. It was the only night reconnaissance squadron of the Air Service stationed on the Western Front, and the squadron's emblem reflects an aircraft, flying at night with searchlights searching for it in a IX pattern.
572:
under the Third Army Air
Service. The 9th was initially assigned as a courier squadron for Headquarters Third Army, flying from Coblenz Aerodrome. The squadron was also able to perform test flights on surrendered German aircraft. Flights of the
1496:
1168:
Series "H", Section "O", Volume 29, Weekly
Statistical Reports of Air Service Activities, October 1918-May 1919. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington,
1118:
1302:
Series "O", Volume 22, Weekly
Statistical Reports on progress of Air Service Activities, October 1918-May 1919. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington,
528:. For those, the unit earned their first battle streamers. The flying of night reconnaissance was a learning effort, as well as an operational necessity. The squadron history is replete with notes such as the following:
1952:
1469:
1876:
1479:
1474:
1518:
1501:
1096:
1786:
1774:
1312:
Series "D", Weekly
Statistical Reports of Air Service Activities, October 1918-May 1919. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
1321:
This has to be confirmed: Maurer speaks only of Trier, but as the 9th Aero
Squadron was assigned to communication duties for the Third Army HQ, we can assumed that it moved about 16 December to Coblenz
603:, to turn in all of its supplies and equipment and was relieved from duty with the AEF. The squadron's Breguet aircraft were delivered to the Air Service American Air Service Acceptance Park No. 1 at
1484:
1335:
United States War
Department (1920), Battle Participation of Organizations of the American Expeditionary Forces in France, Belgium and Italy, 1917–1919, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1920
1513:
1653:
2404:
1803:
1871:
2399:
1564:
1293:
Series "P", Volume 1, History of
Headquarters, Third Army Air Service. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
1197:
Series "E", Volume 2, History of the 9th and 10th Aero
Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
460:, Lincolnshire for motor mechanic instruction. In February 1918, the squadron was re-assembled at Spitalgate and shortly afterwards it took over the work of 12 Group, 24th Wing,
2247:
1605:
1810:
2295:
1798:
1461:
1444:
596:
at Trier Aerodrome, where it became part of the infantry liaison school where it assisted in the training of infantry units to work with Air Service units and vice versa.
2144:
1891:
1394:
1345:
1281:
Maurer, Maurer (1978) The US Air Service in World War I, Volume I, The Final Report and a Tactical History, The Office of Air Force History Headquarters USAF Washington
1962:
1590:
1508:
1449:
1919:
1491:
2057:
1896:
1854:
1849:
1427:
1844:
1569:
1439:
1241:
Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the First World War, Volume 3, Part 3, Center of Military History, United States Army, 1949 (1988 Reprint)
1769:
2182:
1080:
365:
on 14 June. On 5 July, the squadron was ordered to a new airfield at Mt. Clemens, Michigan, where, with the 8th Aero Squadron, opened what became known as
614:
staging camp. There, personnel awaited scheduling for transport to the United States. Upon return to the US, most squadron personnel were demobilized at
1934:
1836:
1793:
1417:
2210:
2086:
1995:
1929:
1914:
1539:
1422:
464:, becoming the first American squadron to be assigned to duty with a British Flight, however it was commanded by a British RFC officer at the time.
405:, England, arriving on 7 December. After disembarking, the squadron was marched from the docks to the Liverpool railway station where it boarded a
1972:
1886:
1881:
1990:
1781:
1454:
297:
The squadron was assigned as an Army Observation Squadron, performing long-range, strategic night reconnaissance over the entire length of the
1207:
361:, San Antonio Texas was designated as a separate unit. The men, who had been in training for about a month, were officially designated as the
2137:
1957:
1387:
2227:
2205:
2177:
2081:
1638:
2076:
2042:
1999:
2290:
2343:
2338:
1866:
1726:
1618:
1153:
491:, where the squadron was fully equipped with all manner of supplies and equipment. At Colombey, the squadron was equipped with French
1909:
1255:
2091:
2368:
2172:
2130:
2110:
2052:
2003:
1585:
1380:
1056:
851:
480:
406:
1904:
1623:
1595:
1101:
283:
119:
73:
1349:
2315:
2047:
2007:
318:
2167:
2062:
2015:
1037:
484:
99:
68:
1208:"Maurer, Maurer (1978), The US Air Service in World War I, The Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF Washington"
2300:
2027:
2011:
887:
857:
699:
600:
488:
244:
189:
708:
593:
516:
As the war progressed the unit participated in many night missions and battles. Most famous of those battles were the
314:
306:
287:
134:
2373:
2328:
2305:
1628:
1250:
Rogers, Brian. United States Air Force Unit Designations Since 1978. Hinkley, England: Midland Publications, 2005.
607:
to be returned to the French. There practically all of the pilots and observers were detached from the squadron.
2021:
1633:
1554:
1434:
610:
Personnel were subsequently assigned to the commanding general, services of supply, and ordered to report to the
2222:
1924:
1861:
568:
After the war had drawn to a close, the unit was moved Germany to serve as part of the occupation force of the
310:
298:
479:, France, arriving on 13 August. On 16 August, it arrived at Air Service Replacement Concentration Barracks,
2285:
2273:
2153:
2037:
1967:
1756:
1403:
525:
325:
521:
453:
817:
394:
414:
1746:
1741:
1643:
1076:
869:
557:
337:
333:
1050:
548:
2378:
2363:
1751:
1736:
1731:
1214:
824:
772:
552:
9th Aero Squadron – evaluating a captured Fokker D.VII, Trier Airdrome, Germany, winter 1918–1919.
377:
129:
2323:
2310:
2268:
2237:
1716:
1663:
1648:
1613:
1559:
810:
681:
517:
461:
425:
215:
1031:
1270:
2032:
1721:
1696:
1251:
963:
390:
329:
2215:
1814:
1701:
1686:
1676:
197:
1150:
317:
in Germany. It returned to the United States in June 1919 and became part of the permanent
2278:
1711:
1706:
1691:
1681:
1671:
1157:
981:
969:
863:
755:
501:
429:
366:
2232:
615:
476:
449:
167:
2393:
2071:
2067:
1084:
765:
604:
437:
386:
207:
202:
57:
2242:
941:
574:
492:
370:
220:
975:
947:
909:
839:
582:
578:
468:
445:
398:
358:
291:
124:
381:
Selfridge Field, Michigan - 14 June 1918. Taken from an altitude of 3,500 feet.
899:
893:
795:
749:
675:
Air Service Headquarters, AEF, British Isles, 28 October 1917 – 16 August 1918
611:
413:, on the south coast of England. Upon arrival, the squadron was moved to the
410:
185:
903:
788:
569:
457:
402:
27:
2122:
1372:
2187:
935:
845:
759:
472:
441:
393:, Long Island, New York to prepare for overseas service. It sailed from
424:, the squadron was ordered for six months training in England under the
953:
586:
421:
180:
32:
French Breguet 14 B.2 bomber, the type used by the 9th Aero Squadron
1097:
Organization of the Air Service of the American Expeditionary Force
832:
Re-assembled at Spittlegate Aerodrome, Lincolnshire, February, 1918
483:, which was the primary reception center for new units assigned to
547:
433:
376:
496:
complained to the Supply Depot and better equipment was secured.
599:
On 12 May 1919, the squadron first went to the 1st Air Depot at
467:
On 7 August 1918, the squadron left Spitalgate and travelled to
321:
in 1921, being re-designated as the 9th Squadron (Observation).
2126:
1376:
374:
72 men won aviator ratings and logged over 3,700 flying hours.
428:. It was split up into four flights. Flight "A" was sent to
1122:
929:
743:
663:
556:
On 24 September, the squadron was moved north from Amaty to
717:
Commanding General, Services of Supply, 25 May-7 June 1919
672:
Post Headquarters, Camp Selfridge, 8 July-28 October 1917
353:
The 9th Bomb Squadron origins begin on 30 May 1917, when
1346:"Military Times Hall of Valor Search, 9th Aero Squadron"
689:
Replacement Concentration Center, AEF, 16–23 August 1918
401:
on 27 November 1917 and made an unremarkable voyage to
1519:
Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
803:
Squadron separated into flights for training with RFC
1502:
House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
781:
Trans-Atlantic crossing: 27 November-7 December 1917
2369:
Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops
2354:
2256:
2196:
2160:
1981:
1943:
1827:
1662:
1604:
1578:
1547:
1538:
1410:
214:
196:
179:
174:
162:
157:
145:
140:
114:
106:
95:
87:
79:
63:
45:
37:
20:
1497:House Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces
669:Post Headquarters, Camp Kelly, 14 June-8 July 1917
248:Western Front, France: 26 August-11 November 1918
2405:Military units and formations established in 1917
592:On 15 April 1919, the 9th was reassigned to the
328:unit which holds its lineage and history is the
2400:Squadrons of the United States Army Air Service
881:Coblenz Aerodrome, Germany, c. 16 December 1918
369:. At Selfridge, the men of the 9th assembled a
355:Company E, Provisional Aviation School Squadron
720:Post Headquarters, Mitchell Field, 8 June 1919
684:for training, 7 December 1917 – 16 August 1918
589:aircraft were made and evaluations were made.
471:where it embarked on a cross-channel ferry to
2138:
1388:
8:
806:"A" Flight: South Charleton Aerodrome, Devon
1271:9th Bombardment Squadron 7BW History office
1151:AFHRA 9th Bomb Squadron lineage and history
723:Post Headquarters, Park Field, 12 July 1919
456:for observation training and Flight "D" to
385:On 27 October, the squadron was ordered to
2145:
2131:
2123:
1544:
1395:
1381:
1373:
1289:
1287:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1000:
705:Third Army Air Service, 21 November 1918
1331:
1329:
1327:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1128:
768:, Mineola, Long Island, 28 October 1917
1591:Operational Test and Evaluation Center
1455:Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force
231:
17:
1266:
1264:
1237:
1235:
692:1st Air Depot, AEF, 23–28 August 1918
645:9th Aero Squadron (Corps Observation)
638:9th Aero Squadron (Night Observation)
7:
1123:Air Force Historical Research Agency
925:Enemy aircraft flown for evaluation
309:, the squadron was assigned to the
2344:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
2339:Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
2092:Air & Space Forces Association
1509:Senate Committee on Armed Services
714:1st Air Depot, AEF, 18–25 May 1919
14:
875:Preutin, France, 21 November 1918
2379:Bulgarian Army Aeroplane Section
2106:
2105:
2004:Division of Military Aeronautics
1529:
1428:Under Secretary of the Air Force
1117: This article incorporates
1112:
1057:Meuse-Argonne Offensive Campaign
1049:
1030:
878:Trier Aerodrome, 5 December 1918
852:St. Maixent Replacement Barracks
726:Western Department, 22 July 1919
407:London and North Western Railway
166:
128:
118:
67:
50:
26:
1102:List of American Aero Squadrons
444:, Lincolnshire for training on
284:Air Service, United States Army
74:Air Service, United States Army
2316:United States Army Air Service
2291:Canadian Air Force (1918–1920)
2183:Aircraft of the Central Powers
2178:Aircraft of the Entente Powers
1915:Reserve Officer Training Corps
1872:Judge Advocate General's Corps
1514:Senate Subcommittee on Airland
1492:House Armed Services Committee
1061:26 September-11 November 1918
884:Trier Aerodrome, 15 April 1919
652:9th Corps Observation Squadron
448:scout aircraft; Flight "C" to
319:United States Army Air Service
1:
2063:Women Airforce Service Pilots
1038:St. Mihiel Offensive Campaign
485:American Expeditionary Forces
264:Wounded: 4 Pilots, 1 Observer
100:American Expeditionary Forces
2301:Imperial Russian Air Service
1023:30 August-11 September 1918
997:Combat sectors and campaigns
888:Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome
858:Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome
700:First Army Observation Group
601:Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome
489:Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome
261:Killed: 1 Pilot, 2 Observers
245:First Army Observation Group
190:Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2
2364:Imperial German Air Service
1418:Department of the Air Force
1081:Distinguished Service Cross
896:, France, 25 May-7 Jun 1919
872:, France, 24 September 1918
709:VII Corps Observation Group
594:VII Corps Observation Group
315:Occupation of the Rhineland
307:1918 Armistice with Germany
151:Capt. George E. A. Reinburg
135:Occupation of the Rhineland
41:14 June 1917 – 22 July 1919
2421:
2374:Ottoman Aviation Squadrons
1423:Secretary of the Air Force
912:, California, 22 July 1919
2100:
1765:
1527:
409:train which took them to
258:Enemy combats: Unrecorded
234:
25:
1925:Airman Leadership School
1727:Thirteenth Expeditionary
1565:Field Operating Agencies
1156:25 February 2013 at the
860:, France, 23 August 1918
854:, France, 16 August 1918
848:, France, 13 August 1918
842:, England, 7 August 1918
564:Third Army of occupation
440:fighters; Flight "B" to
311:United States Third Army
299:United States First Army
286:unit that fought on the
163:9th Aero Squadron Emblem
2306:Royal Italian Air Corps
2286:Australian Flying Corps
2274:Royal Naval Air Service
2154:Aviation in World War I
1910:Officer Training School
1404:United States Air Force
526:Meuse-Argonne Offensive
326:United States Air Force
2335:Japanese air services
1953:Awards and decorations
1586:District of Washington
1579:Direct Reporting Units
1119:public domain material
553:
522:Battle of Saint-Mihiel
454:Grantham, Lincolnshire
382:
2265:British air services
2228:Aerial reconnaissance
1996:Aeronautical Division
1042:12–16 September 1918
890:, France, 18 May 1919
818:Spittlegate Aerodrome
798:, England, 7 December
791:, England, 7 December
752:, Texas, 14 June 1917
551:
380:
1867:Aeronautical ratings
1466:Three-star generals
1220:on 27 September 2013
1085:Silver Star Citation
870:Vavincourt Aerodrome
558:Vavincourt Aerodrome
504:in the Toul Sector.
338:Dyess Air Force Base
334:7th Operations Group
2320:Greek air services
2161:People and aircraft
1664:Numbered Air Forces
1445:Vice Chief of Staff
1352:on 16 December 2013
825:Harlaxton Aerodrome
773:Hoboken, New Jersey
255:Combat missions: 38
153:Lt Samuel B. Eckert
2311:Romanian Air Corps
2296:French Air Service
2269:Royal Flying Corps
2238:Flight over Vienna
2022:The U.S. Air Force
1935:Fitness Assessment
1892:Chief of Chaplains
1811:Civilian auxiliary
1560:Air National Guard
1462:Four-star generals
811:Scampton Aerodrome
794:Romsey Rest Camp,
682:Royal Flying Corps
554:
518:Battle of Lorraine
462:Royal Flying Corps
426:Royal Flying Corps
383:
332:, assigned to the
270:Aircraft lost: 12
2387:
2386:
2329:Naval Air Service
2223:Bombing of cities
2206:Strategic bombing
2120:
2119:
1905:Air Force Academy
1823:
1822:
1450:Director of Staff
1070:Notable personnel
1067:
1066:
993:
992:
964:Halberstadt CL.IV
921:
920:
735:
734:
629:9th Aero Squadron
508:Combat Operations
363:9th Aero Squadron
330:9th Bomb Squadron
280:9th Aero Squadron
276:
275:
227:
226:
91:Night Observation
21:9th Aero Squadron
2412:
2324:Army Air Service
2147:
2140:
2133:
2124:
2109:
2108:
2008:Army Air Service
2000:Aviation Section
1815:Civil Air Patrol
1545:
1533:
1532:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1374:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1348:. Archived from
1342:
1336:
1333:
1322:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1268:
1259:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1219:
1213:. Archived from
1212:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1148:
1116:
1115:
1053:
1034:
1001:
930:
866:, 28 August 1918
744:
702:, 30 August 1918
680:Attached to the
664:
640:, 30 August 1918
436:for training on
415:Romsey Rest Camp
232:
170:
132:
122:
71:
56:
54:
53:
30:
18:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2356:
2350:
2279:Royal Air Force
2258:
2252:
2198:
2192:
2156:
2151:
2121:
2116:
2096:
2087:Service numbers
2058:National Museum
2016:Army Air Forces
1983:
1977:
1945:
1939:
1897:Chief Scientist
1887:Medical Service
1882:Security Forces
1829:
1819:
1804:Security Forces
1761:
1658:
1600:
1574:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1406:
1401:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1158:Wayback Machine
1149:
1130:
1113:
1110:
1093:
1077:Dache M. Reeves
1072:
1007:Sector/Campaign
999:
994:
982:Hannover CL.III
970:Halberstadt C.V
927:
922:
864:Amanty Airdrome
771:Port of Entry,
756:Selfridge Field
741:
736:
711:, 15 April 1919
661:
650:Re-designated:
647:, 15 April 1919
643:Re-designated:
636:Re-designated:
631:on 14 June 1917
624:
566:
510:
502:Amanty Airdrome
430:South Charleton
367:Selfridge Field
351:
346:
313:as part of the
247:
230:
206:
152:
147:
133:
127:
123:
51:
49:
33:
12:
11:
5:
2418:
2416:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2392:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2355:Central Powers
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2262:
2260:
2257:Entente Powers
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2233:Fokker Scourge
2230:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2202:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2033:Airman's Creed
2030:
2028:Air Force Band
2025:
2018:
2012:Army Air Corps
1993:
1987:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1920:Basic Training
1917:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1862:Specialty Code
1859:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1654:USAFE–AFAFRICA
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1606:Major commands
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1440:Chief of Staff
1432:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1377:
1370:
1369:External links
1367:
1364:
1363:
1337:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1295:
1283:
1274:
1260:
1243:
1231:
1199:
1171:
1161:
1127:
1126:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
998:
995:
991:
990:
986:
985:
979:
973:
967:
959:
958:
957:
951:
945:
939:
928:
926:
923:
919:
918:
914:
913:
907:
906:, 12 July 1919
897:
891:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
835:
834:
833:
830:
829:
828:
827:, Lincolnshire
821:
820:, Lincolnshire
814:
813:, Lincolnshire
807:
800:
799:
792:
785:
784:
783:
782:
776:
775:
769:
763:
753:
742:
740:
737:
733:
732:
728:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
706:
703:
695:
694:
693:
690:
686:
685:
677:
676:
673:
670:
662:
660:
657:
656:
655:
654:, 22 July 1919
648:
641:
633:
632:
623:
620:
616:Mitchell Field
605:Orly Aerodrome
565:
562:
546:
545:
540:
535:
509:
506:
477:Upper Normandy
350:
347:
345:
342:
274:
273:
272:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
241:
237:
236:
235:Service record
228:
225:
224:
218:
212:
211:
200:
194:
193:
183:
177:
176:
175:Aircraft flown
172:
171:
164:
160:
159:
155:
154:
149:
143:
142:
138:
137:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
65:
61:
60:
47:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
31:
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2417:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2113:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Air Force Two
2069:
2068:Air Force One
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1828:Personnel and
1826:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1758:
1757:Twenty-Second
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1570:Installations
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1368:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1256:1-85780-197-0
1253:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1216:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1121:from the
1120:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
996:
989:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
961:
960:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
933:
932:
931:
924:
917:
911:
908:
905:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
837:
836:
831:
826:
822:
819:
815:
812:
808:
805:
804:
802:
801:
797:
793:
790:
787:
786:
780:
779:
778:
777:
774:
770:
767:
766:Mineola Field
764:
762:, 8 July 1917
761:
757:
754:
751:
748:
747:
746:
745:
738:
731:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
697:
696:
691:
688:
687:
683:
679:
678:
674:
671:
668:
667:
666:
665:
658:
653:
649:
646:
642:
639:
635:
634:
630:
627:Organized as
626:
625:
621:
619:
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
597:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
571:
563:
561:
559:
550:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
529:
527:
523:
519:
514:
507:
505:
503:
497:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:Sopwith Camel
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:Mineola Field
379:
375:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
348:
343:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
300:
295:
293:
289:
288:Western Front
285:
281:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
250:
249:
246:
242:
239:
238:
233:
229:Military unit
222:
219:
217:
213:
209:
208:Sopwith Scout
204:
203:Sopwith Camel
201:
199:
195:
191:
188:, 1918-1919,
187:
184:
182:
178:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
150:
144:
139:
136:
131:
126:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
70:
66:
62:
59:
58:United States
48:
44:
40:
36:
29:
24:
19:
16:
2357:air services
2259:air services
2243:Bloody April
2104:
2082:Thunderbirds
1944:Uniforms and
1596:USAF Academy
1485:2020–present
1354:. Retrieved
1350:the original
1340:
1317:
1308:
1298:
1277:
1246:
1222:. Retrieved
1215:the original
1202:
1164:
1111:
1020:Toul Sector
987:
942:Fokker D.VII
915:
823:"D" Flight:
816:"C" Flight:
809:"B" Flight:
729:
651:
644:
637:
628:
618:, New York.
609:
598:
591:
583:Halberstadts
575:Fokker D.VII
567:
555:
542:
537:
532:
515:
511:
498:
493:Breguet 14A2
466:
419:
384:
371:Curtiss JN-4
362:
354:
352:
324:The current
323:
304:
296:
279:
277:
252:Sorties: 381
243:
221:Curtiss JN-4
96:Part of
15:
2199:and battles
2077:Honor Guard
2038:Core Values
1982:History and
976:Rumpler C.I
948:Pfalz D.XII
910:March Field
840:Southampton
659:Assignments
579:Pfalz D.XII
481:St. Maixent
469:Southampton
446:Sopwith Pup
399:Nova Scotia
359:Kelly Field
292:World War I
192:, 1918-1919
125:World War I
115:Engagements
107:Nickname(s)
2394:Categories
2168:Commanders
1984:traditions
1903:Training:
1747:Nineteenth
1742:Eighteenth
1411:Leadership
1108:References
900:Park Field
894:Marseilles
796:Winchester
750:Camp Kelly
612:Marseilles
524:, and the
450:Spitalgate
411:Winchester
305:After the
267:Missing: 0
240:Operations
186:Breguet 14
148:commanders
141:Commanders
2197:Campaigns
2188:Zeppelins
1963:Equipment
1946:equipment
1877:RED HORSE
1837:Personnel
1794:Squadrons
1752:Twentieth
1737:Sixteenth
1732:Fifteenth
1540:Structure
1480:2010–2019
1475:2000–2009
1470:1940–1959
1435:Air Staff
1356:26 August
1224:28 August
904:Tennessee
789:Liverpool
570:Rhineland
458:Harlaxton
403:Liverpool
340:, Texas.
2216:Cuxhaven
2111:Category
2053:Memorial
1973:Uniforms
1968:Aircraft
1855:enlisted
1845:officers
1830:training
1717:Eleventh
1548:Commands
1154:Archived
1091:See also
1004:Streamer
936:LVG C.VI
846:Le Havre
760:Michigan
739:Stations
473:Le Havre
442:Scampton
158:Insignia
83:Squadron
2248:Battles
1991:History
1722:Twelfth
1697:Seventh
1555:Reserve
954:DFW C.V
622:Lineage
587:Rumpler
452:, near
395:Halifax
391:Mineola
349:Origins
344:History
290:during
282:was an
216:Trainer
198:Fighter
146:Notable
72:
46:Country
2211:German
2048:Symbol
1958:Badges
1850:cadets
1782:Groups
1702:Eighth
1687:Fourth
1677:Second
1254:
1013:Notes
988:
984:(1919)
978:(1919)
972:(1919)
966:(1919)
956:(1919)
950:(1919)
944:(1919)
938:(1919)
916:
730:
422:Romsey
223:, 1917
210:, 1917
205:, 1917
181:Bomber
110:"Bats"
64:Branch
55:
38:Active
1841:Rank
1770:Wings
1712:Tenth
1707:Ninth
1692:Fifth
1682:Third
1672:First
1649:PACAF
1639:AFSOC
1624:AFGSC
1218:(PDF)
1211:(PDF)
1010:Dates
434:Devon
102:(AEF)
2173:Aces
2043:Flag
1930:SERE
1634:AFRC
1629:AFMC
1619:AETC
1358:2013
1303:D.C.
1252:ISBN
1226:2013
1169:D.C.
1075:Lt.
585:and
278:The
88:Role
80:Type
1799:ANG
1787:ANG
1775:ANG
1644:AMC
1614:ACC
432:in
420:At
357:at
2396::
2070:/
2014:/
2010:/
2006:/
2002:/
1998:/
1813::
1326:^
1286:^
1263:^
1234:^
1174:^
1131:^
1083:,
1079:,
902:,
758:,
581:,
577:,
520:,
475:,
417:.
397:,
389:,
336:,
294:.
2146:e
2139:t
2132:v
2024:"
2020:"
1396:e
1389:t
1382:v
1360:.
1258:.
1228:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
