563:
102:
134:
1696:
396:. The delimitation and interrelationships of these groups are entirely unclear; while most analyses find one of the latter two, but not the other to be a subgroup of the Anystina; neither of these mutually contradicting hypotheses is very robust; possibly this is a simple error because
349:, but this does not allow for a sufficiently precise classification of the mites and is abolished in more modern treatments; the Endeostigmata are variously considered to form a suborder on their own (the old view) or are included mainly in the Sarcoptiformes, thus making both groups
364:, but in treatments like the present one, this is split up between the Sarcoptiformes (and formerly the separate Endeostigmata) and Trombidiformes (which contains the bulk of the "Actinedida"), because it appears to be a massively paraphyletic "
469:, scab mites and mange mites, stored product mites, feather mites and some fur mites. The relationships between their main groups are not well-resolved and subject to revision. In particular it appears as if the
541:
species have arisen numerous times during the course of evolution. In contrast to the commonly held view that parthenogenetic lineages are short lived, four species-rich parthenogenetic clusters of the order
357:, traditionally considered members of the Trombidiformes, have been found to be basal mites in genomic analyses, sister to the clade containing Sarcoptiformes and Trombidiformes.
968:
511:, and animal parasites. Some of the most conspicuous species of free-living mites are the relatively large and bright red velvet mites, that belong to the family
404:
phylogenies. Consequently, it may be best for the time being to consider each of the three main prostigmatan lineages to be equally distinct from the other two.
321:, was formerly also considered distinct. The latter is composed of only 10 families of little-studied, minute, soft-bodied mites that ingest solid food, such as
1940:
946:
1485:
1914:
747:
Arribas, Paula; Andújar, Carmelo; Moraza, María
Lourdes; Linard, Benjamin; Emerson, Brent C; Vogler, Alfried P (2020-03-01). Teeling, Emma (ed.).
533:
Acariformes species appear to have evolved from a sexual ancestor and the primary manner of reproduction during the course of evolution has been
1102:
1133:
1989:
525:). Such frogs raised without these oribatids in their diets do not develop the strong poisons associated with them in the wild.
1570:
749:"Mitochondrial Metagenomics Reveals the Ancient Origin and Phylodiversity of Soil Mites and Provides a Phylogeny of the Acari"
2022:
1919:
429:
had idiosoma of more than 8 mm (0.31 in) in length and was the largest fossil acariform mite and also the largest
518:
Oribatid mites and to a much lesser extent others are a source of alkaloids in poison frogs (namely small species like the
1927:
654:
519:
133:
959:
Ralph A. Saporito; Maureen A. Donnelly; Roy A. Norton; H. Martin
Garraffo; Thomas F. Spande; John W. Daly (2007).
1945:
815:
720:
820:
562:
1126:
110:
725:
546:
are very ancient and likely arose 400-300 million years ago. In some parthenogenetic species that undergo
1828:
1976:
397:
2017:
1994:
1955:
1888:
977:
900:
1635:
1563:
670:
534:
430:
290:
1630:
1119:
928:
478:
425:
128:
1981:
1625:
1620:
101:
1963:
1807:
1799:
1445:
1098:
1094:
1067:
1049:
1005:
920:
881:
863:
788:
780:
648:
619:
1866:
1968:
1784:
1528:
1057:
1041:
995:
985:
912:
871:
855:
770:
760:
286:
1695:
1028:
Pachl, Patrick; Uusitalo, Matti; Scheu, Stefan; Schaefer, Ina; Maraun, Mark (2020-11-20).
680:
588:
567:
538:
492:
466:
210:
981:
748:
1704:
1681:
1668:
1645:
1556:
1533:
1437:
1427:
1422:
1282:
1257:
1192:
1062:
1029:
1000:
876:
843:
685:
627:
613:
608:
596:
389:
377:
365:
310:
306:
257:
247:
230:
116:
2011:
1779:
1653:
638:
318:
219:
59:
932:
1789:
1771:
1761:
1726:
1721:
1615:
1610:
1463:
960:
676:
643:
512:
413:
354:
350:
330:
314:
225:
120:
916:
1932:
1901:
1860:
1731:
1713:
1676:
1658:
1450:
1167:
665:
634:
603:
579:
504:
500:
474:
454:
450:
446:
401:
381:
373:
252:
235:
175:
34:
1851:
1523:
1341:
1200:
660:
583:
488:
458:
421:
342:
79:
44:
1053:
924:
867:
784:
1751:
1602:
1382:
1319:
1265:
1230:
1213:
1161:
990:
765:
547:
543:
508:
470:
442:
369:
240:
165:
145:
84:
1071:
1009:
885:
859:
792:
1548:
1875:
1845:
1756:
1307:
1238:
1142:
1030:"Repeated convergent evolution of parthenogenesis in Acariformes (Acari)"
691:
572:
484:
The
Trombidiformes are most noted for the economic damage caused by many
417:
393:
385:
346:
334:
185:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
961:"Oribatid mites as a major dietary source for alkaloids in poison frogs"
775:
1880:
1349:
551:
338:
282:
89:
64:
1906:
1045:
848:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1294:
1155:
462:
155:
1822:
441:
1111:
810:
289:, with an estimated total of 440,000 to 929,000 species, including
1395:
561:
496:
485:
326:
322:
302:
206:
376:. The Trombidiformes present their own problems. The small group
1893:
1742:
1584:
1580:
1455:
715:
380:
appears to be the most ancient lineage among them. However, the
278:
1826:
1552:
1512:
1180:
1115:
844:"Terrestrial invertebrates in the Rhynie chert ecosystem"
1835:
1798:
1770:
1740:
1712:
1703:
1667:
1644:
1601:
1592:
1436:
1413:
1394:
1369:
1331:
1306:
1281:
1250:
1223:
1212:
1191:
412:The oldest fossils of acariform mites are from the
368:", uniting all Acariformes that are not "typical"
277:, are the more diverse of the two superorders of
804:
802:
537:. However, within the super order Acariformes,
969:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
945:J. A. Dunlop, K. Frahnert, and J. Makol. 2018.
1564:
1127:
709:
707:
301:The Acariformes can be divided into two main
8:
481:) than the latter are to other "Oribatida".
1023:
1021:
1019:
550:(a kind of self-fertilization that retains
1823:
1709:
1598:
1571:
1557:
1549:
1509:
1410:
1375:
1312:
1287:
1220:
1188:
1177:
1134:
1120:
1112:
100:
20:
1061:
999:
989:
875:
774:
764:
491:species. All of the most important plant
477:are closer to some of them (e.g. certain
947:A giant mite in Cretaceous Burmese amber
345:. These clades were formerly considered
1091:Mites: Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour
703:
1089:David Walter; Heather Proctor (1999).
554:) sexual reproduction has re-emerged.
317:group containing primitive forms, the
823:from the original on 25 December 2007
416:, Scotland, which dates to the early
360:Another group often mentioned is the
7:
1956:46e4f627-922e-4bd4-96ea-83863a052ff4
842:Dunlop JA, Garwood RJ (2017-12-18).
811:"Trombidiformes. Trombidiform mites"
716:"Acariformes. The "mite-like" mites"
728:from the original on 2 January 2008
507:. Many species are also predators,
473:need to be split up in two, as the
420:, around 410 million years ago The
905:International Journal of Acarology
901:"Mites as fossils: forever small?"
809:Heather Proctor (August 9, 1998).
714:Heather Proctor (August 9, 1998).
384:are variously subdivided into the
14:
1694:
1493:are possibly paraphyletic groups
132:
753:Molecular Biology and Evolution
465:. These include the well known
679:, a number of which are plant
457:– have become associated with
1:
917:10.1080/01647954.2018.1497085
499:are trombidiformans, such as
400:usually fails in handling non
1484:Classification is based on
655:Polydiscia deuterosminthurus
1344:(shorttailed whipscorpions)
899:Sidorchuk EA (2018-11-17).
520:strawberry poison-dart frog
2039:
949:. Fossil Record 21:285-290
1692:
1519:
1508:
1480:
1378:
1322:(tailless whip scorpions)
1315:
1290:
1187:
1176:
1150:
216:
205:
129:Scientific classification
127:
108:
99:
23:
816:Tree of Life Web Project
721:Tree of Life Web Project
297:Systematics and taxonomy
281:. Over 32,000 described
991:10.1073/pnas.0702851104
222:(probably paraphyletic)
111:Trombidium holosericeum
860:10.1098/rstb.2016.0493
576:
426:Immensmaris chewbaccei
2023:Arthropod superorders
1977:Paleobiology Database
1203:(microwhip scorpions)
1034:Ecology and Evolution
766:10.1093/molbev/msz255
565:
398:phylogenetic software
1385:(hooded tickspiders)
503:(Tetranychidae) and
433:mite ever recorded.
273:, also known as the
982:2007PNAS..104.8885S
671:Tetranychus urticae
535:sexual reproduction
291:undescribed species
1258:Pseudoscorpionida
854:(1739): 20160493.
577:
461:and nest-building
353:. The superfamily
329:, and soft-bodied
16:Superorder of mite
2005:
2004:
1964:Open Tree of Life
1829:Taxon identifiers
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1800:Opilioacariformes
1690:
1689:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1459:
1446:Opilioacariformes
1406:
1386:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1345:
1323:
1298:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1261:
1260:(pseudoscorpions)
1242:
1234:
1204:
1104:978-0-85199-375-1
1046:10.1002/ece3.7047
976:(21): 8885–8890.
649:Labidostommatidae
620:Sarcoptes scabiei
571:(Trombidiformes:
313:. In addition, a
285:are found in 351
267:
266:
201:
2030:
1998:
1997:
1985:
1984:
1972:
1971:
1959:
1958:
1949:
1948:
1936:
1935:
1933:NHMSYS0021036320
1923:
1922:
1910:
1909:
1897:
1896:
1884:
1883:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1824:
1710:
1698:
1599:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1550:
1529:Phalangiotarbida
1510:
1492:
1457:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1351:
1343:
1321:
1313:
1296:
1288:
1267:
1259:
1240:
1232:
1221:
1216:
1202:
1189:
1178:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1113:
1108:
1076:
1075:
1065:
1025:
1014:
1013:
1003:
993:
965:
956:
950:
943:
937:
936:
896:
890:
889:
879:
839:
833:
832:
830:
828:
806:
797:
796:
778:
768:
744:
738:
737:
735:
733:
711:
592:(redberry mite)
467:house dust mites
200:Zakhvatkin, 1952
199:
137:
136:
104:
94:
31:
30:Devonian–present
27:Temporal range:
21:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1993:
1988:
1980:
1975:
1967:
1962:
1954:
1952:
1944:
1939:
1931:
1926:
1918:
1913:
1905:
1900:
1892:
1887:
1879:
1874:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1831:
1821:
1812:
1794:
1766:
1762:Nuttalliellidae
1736:
1699:
1686:
1663:
1640:
1588:
1577:
1547:
1538:
1515:
1496:
1490:
1468:
1432:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1370:
1357:
1327:
1302:
1273:
1268:(camel spiders)
1246:
1214:
1208:
1183:
1172:
1146:
1140:
1105:
1095:CABI Publishing
1088:
1085:
1083:Further reading
1080:
1079:
1027:
1026:
1017:
963:
958:
957:
953:
944:
940:
898:
897:
893:
841:
840:
836:
826:
824:
808:
807:
800:
746:
745:
741:
731:
729:
713:
712:
705:
700:
589:Acalitus essigi
568:Lorryia formosa
560:
539:parthenogenetic
531:
529:Parthenogenesis
523:Oophaga pumilio
439:
410:
299:
198:
131:
114:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2036:
2034:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2010:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1986:
1973:
1960:
1950:
1937:
1924:
1911:
1898:
1885:
1872:
1857:
1841:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1808:Opilioacaridae
1804:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1707:
1705:Parasitiformes
1701:
1700:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1682:Sphaerolichida
1679:
1673:
1671:
1669:Trombidiformes
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1646:Sarcoptiformes
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1534:Trigonotarbida
1531:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1491:Items in green
1488:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1438:Parasitiformes
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1428:Trombidiformes
1425:
1423:Sarcoptiformes
1419:
1417:
1408:
1403:(ticks, mites)
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1291:
1285:
1283:Tetrapulmonata
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1227:
1225:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1197:
1195:
1193:Incertae sedis
1185:
1184:
1181:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1040:(1): 321–337.
1015:
951:
938:
911:(8): 349–359.
891:
834:
798:
759:(3): 683–694.
739:
702:
701:
699:
696:
695:
694:
689:
686:Acarapis woodi
674:
663:
658:
651:
646:
641:
631:
630:
628:Trombidiformes
624:
623:
616:
614:Gastronyssidae
611:
609:Epidermoptidae
606:
600:
599:
597:Sarcoptiformes
559:
556:
530:
527:
438:
435:
409:
406:
390:Eleutherengona
378:Sphaerolichida
366:wastebin taxon
311:Trombidiformes
307:Sarcoptiformes
298:
295:
275:Actinotrichida
265:
264:
263:
262:
261:
260:
258:Sphaerolichida
255:
248:Trombidiformes
245:
244:
243:
238:
231:Sarcoptiformes
228:
223:
214:
213:
203:
202:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
125:
124:
117:Trombidiformes
106:
105:
97:
96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
32:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2035:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1780:Monogynaspida
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1654:Endeostigmata
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1636:Parhyposomata
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1511:
1507:
1489:
1487:
1486:Shultz (2007)
1483:
1482:
1479:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1354:
1352:(vinegaroons)
1348:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1332:Thelyphonida
1330:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1114:
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1836:
1790:Trigynaspida
1772:Mesostigmata
1727:Holothyridae
1722:Allothyridae
1631:Palaeosomata
1616:Enarthronota
1611:Brachypylina
1593:
1464:Mesostigmata
1414:
1333:
1251:Haplocnemata
1233:(harvestmen)
1224:Stomothecata
1090:
1037:
1033:
973:
967:
954:
941:
908:
904:
894:
851:
847:
837:
827:December 30,
825:. Retrieved
814:
776:10261/209118
756:
752:
742:
732:December 30,
730:. Retrieved
719:
684:
677:Tarsonemidae
669:
666:Spider mites
653:
644:Erythraeidae
618:
604:Cheese mites
587:
578:
566:
532:
522:
517:
513:Trombidiidae
501:spider mites
483:
447:detritivores
440:
424:
414:Rhynie Chert
411:
361:
359:
355:Eriophyoidea
351:monophyletic
315:paraphyletic
300:
274:
270:
268:
226:Eriophyoidea
195:
192:Superorder:
121:Trombidiidae
109:
18:
2018:Acariformes
1902:iNaturalist
1867:Acariformes
1861:Wikispecies
1837:Acariformes
1732:Neothyridae
1714:Holothyrida
1677:Prostigmata
1659:Psoroptidia
1594:Acariformes
1451:Holothyrida
1415:Acariformes
1371:Acaromorpha
1342:Schizomida
1241:(scorpions)
1239:Scorpiones
1201:Palpigradi
1168:Chelicerata
1166:Subphylum:
635:Demodecidae
580:Eriophyidae
505:Eriophyidae
479:Desmonomata
475:Astigmatina
459:vertebrates
455:Psoroptidia
451:Astigmatina
431:erythraeoid
402:dichotomous
382:Prostigmata
374:Astigmatina
343:tardigrades
271:Acariformes
253:Prostigmata
236:Astigmatina
196:Acariformes
176:Chelicerata
172:Subphylum:
24:Acariformes
2012:Categories
1626:Mixonomata
1621:Holosomata
1383:Ricinulei
1320:Amblypygi
1266:Solifugae
1231:Opiliones
1162:Arthropoda
698:References
661:Smarididae
509:fungivores
495:among the
443:fungivores
422:Cretaceous
362:Actinedida
166:Arthropoda
1752:Argasidae
1741:Ixodida (
1603:Oribatida
1524:Haptopoda
1308:Pedipalpi
1297:(spiders)
1215:Dromopoda
1143:Arachnida
1054:2045-7758
925:0164-7954
868:0962-8436
785:0737-4038
584:parasites
548:automixis
544:Oribatida
471:Oribatida
437:Diversity
370:Oribatida
347:suborders
335:nematodes
241:Oribatida
186:Arachnida
152:Kingdom:
146:Eukaryota
1876:BugGuide
1852:Q1341457
1846:Wikidata
1757:Ixodidae
1456:Ixodida
1350:Uropygi
1295:Araneae
1160:Phylum:
1156:Animalia
1154:Kingdom
1072:33437432
1010:17502597
933:92357151
886:29254958
821:Archived
793:31670799
726:Archived
692:Tydeidae
582:, plant
573:Tydeidae
558:Examples
489:parasite
418:Devonian
394:Eupodina
386:Anystina
339:rotifers
333:such as
287:families
162:Phylum:
156:Animalia
142:Domain:
1894:2586585
1579:Acari (
1514:Extinct
1458:(ticks)
1063:7790623
1001:1885597
978:Bibcode
877:5745329
683:, e.g.
668:, e.g.
637:, e.g.
586:, e.g.
552:meiosis
463:insects
449:. Some
283:species
182:Class:
1995:760683
1982:308560
1969:621064
1953:NZOR:
1920:690740
1907:129763
1785:Sejina
1182:Extant
1145:orders
1101:
1070:
1060:
1052:
1008:
998:
931:
923:
884:
874:
866:
791:
783:
453:– the
392:, and
341:, and
303:clades
211:orders
207:Clades
1990:WoRMS
1881:91217
1743:ticks
1585:mites
1581:ticks
1397:Acari
964:(PDF)
929:S2CID
681:pests
497:Acari
493:pests
486:plant
327:algae
323:fungi
279:mites
1946:6946
1941:NCBI
1915:ITIS
1583:and
1334:s.l.
1099:ISBN
1068:PMID
1050:ISSN
1006:PMID
921:ISSN
882:PMID
864:ISSN
829:2007
789:PMID
781:ISSN
734:2007
445:and
388:and
372:and
309:and
269:The
209:and
35:PreꞒ
1928:NBN
1889:EoL
1058:PMC
1042:doi
996:PMC
986:doi
974:104
913:doi
872:PMC
856:doi
852:373
771:hdl
761:doi
2014::
1992::
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