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guild spread throughout south India bringing under its umbrella most of the pre-existing guilds. Both anjuvannam and manigiramam were incorporated into the Five
Hundred. In and after 12th century, the Five Hundred acted as an umbrella organisation to cover all the other smaller merchant guilds.
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merchants operating in south India (mostly Indian Ocean trade). Historian Y. Subbarayalu had defined the anjuvannam guild as a "body of West Asian traders". The merchants generally operated in the trading ports of Konkan,
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In some ports this guild obtained royal charters, which permitted the special immunities and privileges within those cities. Anjuvannam finds mention in number of south Indian inscriptions, most notably in
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Unlike manigiramam, which was also operating in Indian hinterland, the presence of anjuvannam is found only in coastal towns. A person in the
Anjuvannam community is known as an "anjuvannan".
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184:(c. 1000 CE). The increased association of the guild with the Jewish traders of Malabar Coast is visible in the latter inscription.
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124:) typically refers to a medieval merchant guild, consisting of non-Indian traders, primarily active in south India. Along with
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During the 11th - 13th centuries anjuvannam was mostly composed of Muslim traders on both the west and east coasts of India.
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191:(c. 849 CE). The guild was active on the Kerala coast in the 9th century CE. From the early 10th century,
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Nagapattinam to
Suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia
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Y. Subbarayalu (1 June 2015). "Trade guilds of south India up to the tenth century".
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Non-Indian traders (Jewish, Syrian
Christian, Muslim and Zoroastrian Parsi merchants)
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History of People and Their
Environs: Essays in Honour of Prof. B.S. Chandrababu
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as any person not belonging to one of the four varnas was referred to as an
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According to an earlier explanation, the title
Anjuvannam derives from the
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The guild of anjuvannam was organised by West Asian traders that included
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Maritime India : Trade, Religion and Polity in the Indian Ocean
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The earliest concrete epigraphical evidence of anjuvannam is the
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A Concise
History of South India: Issues and Interpretations.
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that refers to an organisation or association of people.
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Kulke, Hermann; Kesavapany, K.; Sakhuja, Vijay (2009).
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Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 278, 437 and 451.
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of south India (and even in South East Asia including
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530:"ANJOMAN (Organization) – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
391:New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 136.
205:One explanation traces the origin of the name
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82:Jewish copper plates of Cochin (c. 1000 CE)
261:is the title used in inscription from the
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414:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
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585:Historian Y. Subbarayalu on Anjuvannam
193:ainurruvar (the Ayyavole Five Hundred)
130:ainurruvar (the Ayyavole Five Hundred)
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435:Subbarayalu, Y. (22 December 2011).
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72:(in and after the 12th century)
507:. Bharathi Puthakalayam. 2011.
560:. Asian Educational Services.
182:Jewish copper plates of Cochin
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462:Pius., Malekandathil (2010).
438:South India Under the Cholas
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358:Studies in People's History
302:Trade guilds of South India
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189:Quilon Syrian copper plates
178:Quilon Syrian copper plates
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625:Economic history of India
630:South Indian communities
387:Noburu Karashmia (ed.),
610:Social groups of Kerala
554:Logan, William (1887).
468:. Delhi: Primus Books.
49:South India (primarily)
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534:www.iranicaonline.org
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327:Narayanan, M. G. S.
329:Perumāḷs of Kerala.
180:(c. 849 CE) and in
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528:electricpulp.com.
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37:Indian Ocean trade
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157:Zoroastrian Parsi
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55:Membership
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594:Categories
539:11 January
308:References
297:Manigramam
278:anjuvannan
207:anjuvannam
126:manigramam
87:Anjuvannam
70:Ainurruvar
19:Anjuvannam
484:551379069
370:2348-4489
258:Hanjamana
255:records.
244:hanjamana
235:The term
215:hanjumana
200:Etymology
122:hamyamana
110:hanjamana
95:Malayalam
286:See also
253:Kannada
238:hanjama
229:anǰoman
223:anjuman
219:Persian
211:Avestan
209:to the
139:History
118:Kannada
106:hanjama
102:anjuman
99:Persian
97:, from
45:Region
32:Purpose
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368:
265:coast.
263:Konkan
249:Telugu
153:Muslim
145:Jewish
114:Telugu
104:, and
270:Hindu
91:Tamil
562:ISBN
541:2018
509:ISBN
480:OCLC
470:ISBN
443:ISBN
416:ISBN
366:ISSN
251:and
217:and
170:Java
164:and
155:and
128:and
93:and
89:(in
24:Type
241:or
226:or
172:).
120:or
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112:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
