3687:. There are no well-preserved remains of ankylosaurs of that age. An incomplete radius and ulna from the Isle of Skye in Scotland are known, the exact affiliation of which to ankylosaurs or stegosaurs is not established. Most likely, ankylosaurs followed a different evolutionary path than stegosaurs, although it is unknown when and how they split off. In the latter, the osteoderms become raised, and the lateral protection disappears. Ankylosaurs evolved towards the development of osteoderms on the surface of the skull, increased armor and further consolidation of the carapace, which suggests that the ancestor of the carapace consisted of separate non-fused osteoderms.
6523:
713:, Madzia and colleagues considered a redefinition of Ankylosauria to be undesirable, instead preferring to abandon Ankylosauromorpha as a same-definition junior synonym of Ankylosauria. The informal clade Euankylosauria, suggested by Norman as an alternative to redefining Ankylosauria, was discussed as potentially being useful in future for the typical group of nodosaurids and ankylosaurids, and was defined in 2021 by Soto-Acuña and colleagues as such as the result of their novel phylogenetic results, which grouped
5183:
3696:
5190:
5203:
5210:
6518:
5196:
194:
3723:
spaces between large plates. In all three groups, the first two rows of plates tend to form a sort of half-ring around the neck; in nodosaurids, this comes from adjacent plates fusing with each other (and there is a third row as well), while ankylosaurids usually have the plates fused to the top of another band of bone. The skull has armor plastered on to it, including a distinctive piece on the outside-rear of the lower jaw.
3669:
the
Eurypoda clade. They are united by the presence of osteoderms in the skin, the narrow triangular skull of stegosaurs is similar to that of nodosaurids, and some similarity is found in the structure of the palate. Since stegosaurs are known from the Middle Jurassic, ankylosaurs are probably of the same age. They may have split up during the Aalenian period, more than 170 million years ago, but they were definitely in
122:
6546:
3735:. The large hyoid bones left in skeletons indicates that they had long, flexible tongues. They also had a large, side secondary palate. This means that they could breathe while chewing, unlike crocodiles. Their expanded gut region suggests the use of fermentation to digest their food, using symbiotic bacteria and gut flora. Their diet likely consisted of
555:
The name of this group of dinosaurs is associated with a number of anatomical features in which small and large bony shields fused together, completely covering their back and sides. On the skull these shields fused with the underlying bones, and the dorsal ribs fit snugly to the vertebrae. The Latin
3805:
Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Vargas, Alexander; Kaluza, Jonatan; Leppe, Marcelo; Botelho, Joao; Palma-Liberona, JosĂ©; Gutstein, Carolina; FernĂĄndez, Roy; Ortiz, Hector; Milla, VerĂłnica; Aravena, BĂĄrbara; ManrĂquez, Leslie M. E.; AlarcĂłn-Muñoz, Jhonatan; Pino, Juan Pablo; Trevisan, Cristine; Mansilla, HĂ©ctor;
3722:
All ankylosaurians had armor over much of their bodies, mostly scutes and nodules, with large spines in some cases. The scutes, or plates, are rectangular to oval objects organized in transverse (side to side) rows, often with keels on the upper surface. Smaller nodules and plates filled in the open
3668:
The origin of ankylosaurs is poorly understood, and only a few specimens from the Middle
Jurassic are known. The ancestry of ankylosaurs has long been sought among stegosaurs, the closest group to ankylosaurs compared to other dinosaurs. Currently, ankylosaurs are a close group of stegosaurs within
4226:
Tanke, D.H. and Brett-Surman, M.K. 2001. Evidence of
Hatchling and Nestling-Size Hadrosaurs (Reptilia:Ornithischia) from Dinosaur Provincial Park (Dinosaur Park Formation: Campanian), Alberta, Canada. pp. 206-218. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate LifeâNew Research Inspired by the Paleontology of Philip J.
4095:
Norman, D. B., Witmer, L. M. and
Weishampel, D. B. 2004. Basal Thyreophora. PŃ. 335â342. In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmolska (eds.), The Dinosauria. Berkeley: University of California Press.
4128:
Maidment, Susannah C. R.; Strachan, Sarah J.; Ouarhache, Driss; Scheyer, Torsten M.; Brown, Emily E.; Fernandez, Vincent; Johanson, Zerina; Raven, Thomas J.; Barrett, Paul M. (2021-09-23).
4044:
Raven, T. J.; Barrett, P. M.; Joyce, C. B.; Maidment, S. C. R. (2023). "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)".
571:
as a group of representatives with a "rigid spine", but noted the wide, curved shape of the ribs, suggesting a "strongly curved" back (an error based on the alleged similarity to
5436:
4086:
Arbour, V. M., Currie, P. J. 2016. Systematics, phylogeny and palaeobiogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs. Journal of
Systematic Palaeontology 14 (5): 385â444.
1362:
A 2023 review of
Thyreophora rejects the traditional Ankylosauridae-Nodosauridae split, instead finding "nodosaurids" to be referrable to three separate families:
6669:
4190:
Clark, N.D.L. 2001. A thyreophoran dinosaur from the early
Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) of the Isle of Skye, Scotland. Scottish Journal of Geology, 37: 19â26.
3731:
Ankylosaurs were built low to the ground, typically one foot off the ground surface. They had small, triangular teeth that were loosely packed, similar to
3963:
Brown, B. 1908. The
Ankylosauridae, a new family of armored dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous. American Museum of Natural History Bulletin 24: 187â201.
3751:
during the Late
Cretaceous. It was concluded that ankylosaurs were generally restricted to feeding on vegetation at, or below, the height of 1 meter.
579:, as ankylosaurs have flat backs). Therefore, "rigid lizard" and "curved lizard" could be additional meanings applied to the name of ankylosaurs.
6522:
6674:
5477:
4393:
556:
name
Ankylosauria is derived from the Greek áŒÎłÎșÏÎ»ÎżÏ â "curved", "bent" with the anatomical meaning "hard" or "fused" and ÏαῊÏÎżÏ â "lizard".
6659:
4217:
T.A. Tumanova, 1987, "Pantsirnyye dinozavry Mongolii", Trudy Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya 32: 1-80.
4104:
T.A. Tumanova, 1987, "Pantsirnyye dinozavry Mongolii", Trudy Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya 32: 1-80.
651:. Phylogenetic and morphological studies have differed on the inclusion of certain early taxa into Ankylosauria, especially the armoured
5182:
6664:
4239:"Feeding height stratification among the herbivorous dinosaurs from the Dinosaur Park Formation (upper Campanian) of Alberta, Canada"
3997:
5202:
5189:
6539:
3782:
5209:
3948:
6517:
3019:
2036:
2012:
5195:
4298:"What Sounds Did Dinosaurs Make? - A new study of a fossilized ankylosaur suggests it could have uttered birdlike calls"
4199:
Coombs, W. P. 1978. The families of the ornithischian dinosaur order Ankylosauria. Journal of Paleontology 21: 143â170.
193:
5153:
5470:
4386:
1699:
4114:
2060:
709:. However, as historically even these primitive forms were considered ankylosaurs if they were more derived than
633:
4017:(Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships".
5568:
4481:
539:
system, the group is usually considered either a suborder or an infraorder. It is contained within the group
3695:
536:
6566:
4577:
4330:
4297:
532:
307:
6626:
5595:
5463:
4830:
4379:
3769:
3711:
3043:
2320:
6654:
6613:
6549:
5098:
4853:
4250:
4227:
Currie. Edited by D.H. Tanke and K. Carpenter. Indiana University Press: Bloomington. xviii + 577 pp.
4141:
4053:
3819:
2254:
662:
644:
628:
608:
467:
340:
311:
5955:
5852:
5130:
4698:
4208:
Maryanska, T. 1977. Ankylosauridae (Dinosauria) from Mongolia. Palaeontologia Polonica, 37: 85â151.
639:
167:
5691:
5415:
5142:
4302:
4173:
4069:
3843:
727:
453:
188:
6631:
3986:
Carpenter, K. (2001). "Phylogenetic Analysis of the Ankylosauria". In Carpenter, Kenneth (ed.).
693:, Carpenter and later Norman suggested redefining Ankylosauria to limit it to the two subclades
6604:
6448:
5712:
5383:
4728:
4357:
4278:
4165:
4157:
3993:
3903:
3870:
Madzia, D.; Arbour, V.M.; Boyd, C.A.; Farke, A.A.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Evans, D.C. (2021).
3835:
3760:
3759:
In February 2023, scientists reported that the possible sounds ankylosaurs may have made were
2936:
1416:
643:, the type species of both genera, a definition that was followed by Madzia and colleagues in
604:
509:
401:
5913:
5860:
5698:
4962:
4347:
4339:
4268:
4258:
4149:
4061:
4026:
3893:
3883:
3827:
3179:
1917:
1371:
493:
6378:
6342:
6282:
6248:
6241:
6134:
6075:
5947:
5844:
5760:
5720:
5553:
5405:
5110:
4978:
4466:
4441:
4326:"An ankylosaur larynx provides insights for bird-like vocalization in non-avian dinosaurs"
3952:
3244:
3227:
2761:
2580:
2168:
1827:
1675:
1488:
1363:
1203:
968:
951:
807:
738:
666:
600:
521:
505:
409:
326:
149:
143:
131:
44:
40:
4254:
4145:
4057:
3823:
6441:
6427:
6413:
6321:
6294:
6190:
6171:
6086:
6032:
5897:
5867:
5837:
5800:
5776:
5420:
5400:
5351:
5276:
5061:
4971:
4909:
4874:
4794:
4352:
4325:
4273:
4238:
3898:
3871:
3361:
3155:
2995:
2867:
2737:
2563:
2428:
1553:
1276:
1141:
934:
821:
721:
698:
681:
652:
568:
517:
346:
179:
121:
3807:
6648:
6404:
6314:
6307:
6259:
6203:
6150:
6116:
6017:
5963:
5938:
5920:
5823:
5769:
5742:
5734:
5368:
5318:
5076:
5047:
5033:
5017:
4902:
4895:
4787:
4707:
4631:
4624:
4592:
4177:
4129:
4073:
3847:
3313:
3074:
2699:
2622:
2213:
2182:
2084:
1522:
1508:
1367:
1070:
1019:
845:
762:
715:
657:
431:
423:
79:
3972:
Carpenter, K., 1997, "Ankylosauria" pp. 16-20 in: P.J. Currie and K. Padian (eds.),
6434:
6420:
6349:
6233:
6157:
6102:
6053:
6025:
6010:
5997:
5970:
5889:
5874:
5830:
5810:
5677:
5580:
5528:
5410:
5361:
5304:
5290:
5283:
5238:
5054:
5009:
4937:
4916:
4686:
4678:
4654:
4608:
4543:
4530:
4493:
4402:
3385:
3131:
2473:
2449:
2344:
2237:
2101:
1716:
1651:
1120:
1036:
1002:
985:
903:
694:
613:
564:
560:
513:
489:
387:
373:
351:
254:
173:
161:
4065:
4030:
3987:
3747:. Mallon et al. (2013) examined herbivore coexistence on the island continent of
6598:
6469:
6386:
6335:
6275:
6226:
6068:
6046:
5978:
5927:
5727:
5705:
5537:
5339:
5311:
5269:
5262:
5255:
5087:
4986:
4951:
4888:
4842:
4767:
4646:
4616:
4569:
4561:
3942:
3744:
3679:
3402:
2912:
2881:
2809:
2785:
1938:
1627:
1570:
1393:
1260:
1186:
1087:
1053:
785:
748:
624:
619:
592:
588:
576:
540:
482:
416:
394:
270:
155:
54:
4343:
4153:
3831:
737:
as a unique group of non-euankylosaurian ankylosaurs, which they gave the name
6462:
6455:
6393:
6268:
6219:
6211:
6164:
6109:
6095:
6061:
6039:
5905:
5749:
5684:
5332:
5325:
5119:
5068:
5040:
5025:
5001:
4944:
4923:
4801:
4780:
4756:
4749:
4735:
4721:
4670:
4662:
4638:
3732:
2953:
2713:
2653:
2539:
2490:
2361:
2296:
1810:
1464:
1440:
1236:
1155:
917:
675:
596:
572:
438:
380:
137:
99:
64:
6589:
4161:
3806:
Hinojosa, Luis Felipe; Muñoz-Walther, Vicente; Rubilar-Rogers, David (2021).
6476:
6356:
6143:
6123:
5985:
5882:
5784:
5297:
4930:
4714:
4600:
4263:
3808:"Bizarre tail weaponry in a transitional ankylosaur from subantarctic Chile"
3748:
3674:
3203:
2670:
1988:
1955:
1888:
1603:
1104:
862:
733:
648:
611:
the first informal definition of the group, as all ornithischians closer to
544:
504:, with short, powerful limbs. They are known to have first appeared in the
501:
205:
104:
4361:
4324:
Yoshida, Junki; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Norell, Mark a. (15 February 2023).
4282:
4169:
3907:
3839:
4237:
Mallon, Jordan C; David C Evans; Michael J Ryan; Jason S Anderson (2013).
17:
6583:
6483:
5519:
5510:
5248:
4742:
4585:
4450:
4426:
3091:
525:
485:
286:
238:
225:
94:
89:
74:
69:
59:
3888:
6371:
6363:
5376:
4808:
4432:
3707:
3684:
497:
109:
84:
547:, armored dinosaurs known for their combination of plates and spikes.
5504:
4420:
3764:
3740:
3670:
520:
are primarily known from the Northern Hemisphere, but the more basal
215:
6560:
3920:
Osborn, H. F. (1923). "Two Lower Cretaceous dinosaurs of Mongolia."
6328:
3929:
3694:
701:, creating the new clade Ankylosauromorpha for all taxa closer to
6618:
6490:
4994:
3736:
3337:
647:
when the group name and definition was formalized following the
6564:
5497:
5459:
5455:
5225:
4528:
4413:
4375:
4371:
4130:"Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur"
603:. Historically used for forms lacking large vertical plates,
3872:"The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs"
3710:-sized ankylosaur fossils have been documented in the
741:. The result of their phylogenetic analysis is below.
5437:
List of stratigraphic units with ornithischian tracks
6573:
6403:
6293:
6258:
6189:
6133:
6085:
5996:
5937:
5809:
5798:
5759:
5657:
5606:
5579:
5552:
5429:
5393:
5349:
5236:
5141:
5118:
5109:
5086:
4961:
4872:
4841:
4818:
4766:
4697:
4541:
4492:
4465:
492:. It includes the great majority of dinosaurs with
129:Collection of ankylosaurs. From top left to right:
661:. As some analyses, like that of Carpenter from
3945:Dinosauria Translation and Pronunciation Guide.
3800:
3798:
595:, a group of armoured dinosaurs distinct from
5471:
4387:
731:sp. of earlier analyses) and their new taxon
8:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3857:
496:in the form of bony osteoderms, similar to
6561:
6299:
6195:
6002:
5815:
5806:
5669:
5665:
5654:
5585:
5558:
5549:
5494:
5478:
5464:
5456:
5233:
5222:
5115:
4880:
4772:
4553:
4549:
4538:
4525:
4471:
4462:
4410:
4394:
4380:
4372:
3938:
3936:
359:
120:
31:
4351:
4272:
4262:
4019:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
3992:. Indiana University Press. p. 455.
3897:
3887:
623:. This definition was further refined by
591:together form the two major subgroups of
512:. The two main families of Ankylosaurs,
3794:
362:
559:In the 1908 description of the genus
508:, and persisted until the end of the
7:
6670:Taxa named by Henry Fairfield Osborn
673:and possibly other early forms like
4296:Wilke, Carolyn (24 February 2023).
4046:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
3763:based on a finding of a fossilized
3377:
3353:
3329:
3305:
3219:
3195:
3171:
3147:
3123:
3116:
3066:
3059:
3035:
3011:
2987:
2928:
2904:
2897:
2873:
2801:
2777:
2753:
2729:
2705:
2695:
2645:
2638:
2614:
2555:
2531:
2524:
2465:
2441:
2434:
2336:
2312:
2288:
2229:
2205:
2198:
2174:
2076:
2052:
2028:
2004:
1980:
1930:
1923:
1913:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1802:
1795:
1691:
1667:
1643:
1619:
1595:
1545:
1538:
1514:
1504:
1480:
1456:
1432:
1409:
1385:
1377:
1252:
1228:
1178:
1171:
1147:
909:
899:
837:
813:
803:
778:
754:
744:
25:
6545:
6544:
6521:
6516:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5188:
5181:
531:Ankylosauria was first named by
192:
3783:Timeline of ankylosaur research
4134:Nature Ecology & Evolution
1:
6675:Fossil taxa described in 1923
4066:10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433
3020:Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus
2037:Struthiosaurus languedocensis
2013:Struthiosaurus transylvanicus
364:Genera of uncertain affinity
6660:Bathonian first appearances
3976:, Academic Press, San Diego
6691:
4344:10.1038/s42003-023-04513-x
4154:10.1038/s41559-021-01553-6
4031:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa061
3832:10.1038/s41586-021-04147-1
1700:Gastonia lorriemcwhinneyae
543:, which also includes the
27:Extinct order of dinosaurs
6665:Maastrichtian extinctions
6534:
6514:
6302:
6198:
6005:
5818:
5672:
5668:
5653:
5634:
5588:
5561:
5548:
5493:
5232:
5221:
5178:
4883:
4775:
4556:
4552:
4537:
4524:
4474:
4461:
4409:
3974:Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs
3922:American Museum Novitates
3699:Armour of the nodosaurid
3399:
3382:
3375:
3358:
3351:
3334:
3327:
3310:
3303:
3241:
3224:
3217:
3200:
3193:
3176:
3169:
3152:
3145:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3088:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3040:
3033:
3016:
3009:
2992:
2985:
2950:
2933:
2926:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2878:
2871:
2806:
2799:
2782:
2775:
2758:
2751:
2734:
2727:
2710:
2703:
2693:
2667:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2619:
2612:
2577:
2560:
2553:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2487:
2470:
2463:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2358:
2341:
2334:
2317:
2310:
2293:
2286:
2251:
2234:
2227:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2179:
2172:
2098:
2081:
2074:
2061:Struthiosaurus austriacus
2057:
2050:
2033:
2026:
2009:
2002:
1985:
1978:
1952:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1911:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1824:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1713:
1696:
1689:
1672:
1665:
1648:
1641:
1624:
1617:
1600:
1593:
1567:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1519:
1512:
1502:
1485:
1478:
1461:
1454:
1437:
1430:
1414:
1407:
1390:
1383:
1274:
1257:
1250:
1233:
1226:
1200:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1152:
1145:
1118:
1101:
1084:
1067:
1050:
1033:
1016:
999:
982:
965:
948:
931:
914:
907:
897:
859:
842:
835:
818:
811:
801:
783:
776:
759:
752:
634:Ankylosaurus magniventris
500:. Ankylosaurs were bulky
459:
452:
323:
318:
189:Scientific classification
187:
128:
119:
34:
4015:Scelidosaurus harrisonii
524:are known from southern
4264:10.1186/1472-6785-13-14
3761:bird-like vocalizations
3677:due to the presence of
537:Linnaean classification
528:during the Cretaceous.
4331:Communications Biology
4013:Norman, D.B. (2021). "
3703:
533:Henry Fairfield Osborn
50:BajocianâMaastrichtian
6627:Paleobiology Database
3989:The Armored Dinosaurs
3770:Pinacosaurus grangeri
3712:scientific literature
3698:
3044:Pinacosaurus grangeri
2321:Edmontonia rugosidens
567:described the family
3767:from the ankylosaur
2255:Edmontonia longiceps
4699:Heterodontosauridae
4255:2013BMCE...13...14M
4146:2021NatEE...5.1576M
4058:2023JSPal..2105433R
3889:10.7717/peerj.12362
3824:2021Natur.600..259S
640:Stegosaurus stenops
5416:Hypsilophodontidae
5154:Pachycephalosauria
5143:Pachycephalosauria
4303:The New York Times
3951:2011-11-11 at the
3704:
685:to fall closer to
6642:
6641:
6567:Taxon identifiers
6558:
6557:
6530:
6529:
6512:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6449:Nodocephalosaurus
6185:
6184:
6181:
6180:
5794:
5793:
5713:Serendipaceratops
5649:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5630:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5384:Serendipaceratops
5217:
5216:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5163:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4729:Heterodontosaurus
4520:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4140:(12): 1576â1581.
3818:(7888): 259â263.
3657:
3656:
3648:
3647:
3639:
3638:
3630:
3629:
3621:
3620:
3612:
3611:
3603:
3602:
3594:
3593:
3585:
3584:
3576:
3575:
3567:
3566:
3558:
3557:
3549:
3548:
3540:
3539:
3531:
3530:
3522:
3521:
3513:
3512:
3504:
3503:
3495:
3494:
3486:
3485:
3477:
3476:
3468:
3467:
3459:
3458:
3450:
3449:
3441:
3440:
3432:
3431:
3423:
3422:
3414:
3413:
3292:
3291:
3283:
3282:
3274:
3273:
3265:
3264:
3256:
3255:
3103:
3102:
2974:
2973:
2965:
2964:
2937:Nodocephalosaurus
2857:
2856:
2848:
2847:
2839:
2838:
2830:
2829:
2821:
2820:
2682:
2681:
2601:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2511:
2510:
2502:
2501:
2418:
2417:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2382:
2381:
2373:
2372:
2275:
2274:
2266:
2265:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2148:
2140:
2139:
2131:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2113:
2112:
1967:
1966:
1900:
1899:
1839:
1838:
1782:
1781:
1773:
1772:
1764:
1763:
1755:
1754:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1736:
1728:
1727:
1582:
1581:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1215:
1214:
1131:
1130:
883:
882:
874:
873:
605:Kenneth Carpenter
601:marginocephalians
587:Ankylosauria and
510:Cretaceous Period
476:
475:
470:
463:Ankylosauromorpha
447:
446:
402:Serendipaceratops
343:
314:
16:(Redirected from
6682:
6635:
6634:
6622:
6621:
6609:
6608:
6607:
6594:
6593:
6592:
6562:
6548:
6547:
6525:
6520:
6300:
6196:
6003:
5914:Propanoplosaurus
5861:Glyptodontopelta
5816:
5807:
5699:Priodontognathus
5670:
5666:
5655:
5586:
5559:
5550:
5543:
5542:
5495:
5480:
5473:
5466:
5457:
5234:
5223:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5192:
5186:
5185:
5116:
4963:Thescelosauridae
4881:
4773:
4554:
4550:
4539:
4526:
4472:
4463:
4456:
4455:
4411:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4373:
4366:
4365:
4355:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4276:
4266:
4234:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4209:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4191:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4111:
4105:
4102:
4096:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3983:
3977:
3970:
3964:
3961:
3955:
3940:
3931:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3901:
3891:
3867:
3852:
3851:
3802:
3727:Diet and feeding
3378:
3354:
3330:
3306:
3220:
3196:
3180:Tarchia kielanae
3172:
3148:
3124:
3117:
3067:
3060:
3036:
3012:
2988:
2929:
2905:
2898:
2874:
2802:
2778:
2754:
2730:
2706:
2696:
2646:
2639:
2615:
2556:
2532:
2525:
2466:
2442:
2435:
2337:
2313:
2289:
2230:
2206:
2199:
2175:
2077:
2053:
2029:
2005:
1981:
1931:
1924:
1918:Struthiosauridae
1914:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1803:
1796:
1692:
1668:
1644:
1620:
1596:
1546:
1539:
1515:
1505:
1481:
1457:
1433:
1410:
1386:
1378:
1372:Struthiosauridae
1253:
1229:
1179:
1172:
1148:
910:
900:
838:
814:
804:
779:
755:
745:
535:in 1923. In the
465:
360:
334:
306:
301:
285:
269:
253:
197:
196:
124:
114:
51:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
6690:
6689:
6685:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6679:
6645:
6644:
6643:
6638:
6630:
6625:
6617:
6612:
6603:
6602:
6597:
6588:
6587:
6582:
6569:
6559:
6554:
6526:
6496:
6399:
6379:Tianzhenosaurus
6343:Minotaurasaurus
6289:
6283:Zhongyuansaurus
6254:
6249:Zhejiangosaurus
6242:Liaoningosaurus
6177:
6135:Struthiosaurini
6129:
6081:
6076:Tatankacephalus
5992:
5948:Gargoyleosaurus
5933:
5845:Gargoyleosaurus
5803:
5790:
5761:Parankylosauria
5755:
5721:Sinankylosaurus
5662:
5641:
5622:
5602:
5575:
5569:Avemetatarsalia
5554:Avemetatarsalia
5544:
5500:
5499:
5489:
5484:
5454:
5441:
5425:
5406:Phytodinosauria
5389:
5345:
5228:
5213:
5200:
5193:
5180:
5160:
5137:
5111:Marginocephalia
5105:
5082:
4979:Changchunsaurus
4957:
4877:
4860:
4837:
4814:
4762:
4693:
4546:
4533:
4508:
4488:
4482:Avemetatarsalia
4467:Avemetatarsalia
4457:
4442:Avemetatarsalia
4416:
4415:
4405:
4400:
4370:
4369:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4308:
4306:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4221:
4216:
4212:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4185:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3971:
3967:
3962:
3958:
3953:Wayback Machine
3941:
3934:
3919:
3915:
3869:
3868:
3855:
3804:
3803:
3796:
3791:
3779:
3757:
3729:
3720:
3693:
3666:
3660:
3658:
3649:
3640:
3631:
3622:
3613:
3604:
3595:
3586:
3577:
3568:
3559:
3550:
3541:
3532:
3523:
3514:
3505:
3496:
3487:
3478:
3469:
3460:
3451:
3442:
3433:
3424:
3415:
3293:
3284:
3275:
3266:
3257:
3245:Tarchia teresae
3228:Minotaurasaurus
3104:
2975:
2966:
2858:
2849:
2840:
2831:
2822:
2762:Liaoningosaurus
2683:
2602:
2593:
2581:Zhejiangosaurus
2512:
2503:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2374:
2276:
2267:
2169:Panoplosauridae
2159:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2114:
1968:
1901:
1840:
1828:Tatankacephalus
1783:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1676:Gastonia burgei
1583:
1489:Gargoyleosaurus
1364:Panoplosauridae
1360:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1216:
1204:Liaoningosaurus
1132:
952:Gargoyleosaurus
884:
875:
808:Parankylosauria
739:Parankylosauria
667:David B. Norman
585:
553:
522:Parankylosauria
506:Middle Jurassic
448:
410:Sinankylosaurus
365:
327:Parankylosauria
305:
299:
283:
267:
251:
191:
150:Gargoyleosaurus
144:Tianzhenosaurus
132:Liaoningosaurus
115:
113:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
49:
48:
45:Late Cretaceous
41:Middle Jurassic
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6688:
6686:
6678:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6647:
6646:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6636:
6623:
6610:
6595:
6579:
6577:
6571:
6570:
6565:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6542:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6502:
6501:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6494:
6487:
6480:
6473:
6466:
6459:
6452:
6445:
6442:Euoplocephalus
6438:
6431:
6428:Anodontosaurus
6424:
6417:
6414:Akainacephalus
6409:
6407:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6390:
6383:
6375:
6368:
6360:
6353:
6346:
6339:
6332:
6325:
6322:Crichtonsaurus
6318:
6311:
6303:
6297:
6295:Ankylosaurinae
6291:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6279:
6272:
6264:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6252:
6245:
6238:
6230:
6223:
6216:
6208:
6199:
6193:
6191:Ankylosauridae
6187:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6175:
6172:Struthiosaurus
6168:
6161:
6154:
6147:
6139:
6137:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6120:
6113:
6106:
6099:
6091:
6089:
6087:Panoplosaurini
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6050:
6043:
6036:
6033:Niobrarasaurus
6029:
6022:
6014:
6006:
6000:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5982:
5975:
5967:
5960:
5952:
5943:
5941:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5924:
5917:
5910:
5902:
5898:Polacanthoides
5894:
5886:
5879:
5871:
5868:Horshamosaurus
5864:
5857:
5849:
5841:
5838:Dongyangopelta
5834:
5827:
5819:
5813:
5804:
5801:Euankylosauria
5799:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5781:
5777:Kunbarrasaurus
5773:
5765:
5763:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5746:
5739:
5731:
5724:
5717:
5709:
5702:
5695:
5688:
5681:
5673:
5663:
5658:
5651:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5612:
5610:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5599:
5598:
5589:
5583:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5562:
5556:
5546:
5545:
5541:
5540:
5531:
5522:
5513:
5507:
5498:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5475:
5468:
5460:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5433:
5431:
5430:Other articles
5427:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5421:Jeholosauridae
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5401:Ornithoscelida
5397:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5380:
5373:
5365:
5357:
5355:
5352:Incertae sedis
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5336:
5329:
5322:
5315:
5308:
5301:
5294:
5287:
5280:
5277:Ferganocephale
5273:
5266:
5259:
5252:
5244:
5242:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5219:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5147:
5145:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5124:
5122:
5113:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5092:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5073:
5065:
5062:Thescelosaurus
5058:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5022:
5014:
5006:
4998:
4991:
4983:
4975:
4972:Albertadromeus
4967:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4910:Kulindadromeus
4906:
4899:
4892:
4884:
4878:
4875:Neornithischia
4873:
4870:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4847:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4824:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4795:Scutellosaurus
4791:
4784:
4776:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4703:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4683:
4675:
4667:
4659:
4651:
4643:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4613:
4605:
4597:
4589:
4582:
4574:
4566:
4557:
4547:
4542:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4498:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4475:
4469:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4444:
4435:
4429:
4423:
4414:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4376:
4368:
4367:
4316:
4288:
4229:
4219:
4210:
4201:
4192:
4183:
4120:
4106:
4097:
4088:
4079:
4052:(1). 2205433.
4036:
4005:
3998:
3978:
3965:
3956:
3943:Ben Creisler,
3932:
3913:
3853:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3778:
3775:
3756:
3753:
3728:
3725:
3719:
3716:
3692:
3689:
3665:
3662:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3381:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3362:Euoplocephalus
3357:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3333:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3309:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3199:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3156:Anodontosaurus
3151:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3070:
3065:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3039:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2996:Akainacephalus
2991:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2868:Ankylosaurinae
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2805:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2781:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2757:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2738:Kunbarrasaurus
2733:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2649:
2644:
2642:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2564:Dongyangopelta
2559:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2429:Ankylosauridae
2425:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1554:Niobrarasaurus
1549:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1277:Ankylosaurinae
1273:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1142:Ankylosauridae
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
998:
995:
994:
991:
990:
981:
978:
977:
974:
973:
964:
961:
960:
957:
956:
947:
944:
943:
940:
939:
935:Dongyangopelta
930:
927:
926:
923:
922:
913:
908:
906:
898:
896:
894:Euankylosauria
890:
889:
886:
885:
881:
880:
877:
876:
872:
871:
868:
867:
858:
855:
854:
851:
850:
841:
836:
834:
831:
830:
827:
826:
822:Kunbarrasaurus
817:
812:
810:
802:
800:
794:
793:
790:
789:
782:
777:
775:
772:
771:
768:
767:
758:
753:
751:
743:
722:Kunbarrasaurus
699:Ankylosauridae
682:Scutellosaurus
653:Early Jurassic
584:
583:Classification
581:
569:Ankylosauridae
552:
549:
518:Ankylosauridae
481:is a group of
474:
473:
472:
471:
457:
456:
450:
449:
445:
444:
443:
442:
435:
428:
420:
413:
406:
398:
391:
384:
377:
367:
366:
363:
358:
357:
356:
355:
354:
349:
347:Ankylosauridae
332:Euankylosauria
329:
321:
320:
316:
315:
297:
290:
289:
281:
274:
273:
265:
258:
257:
249:
242:
241:
236:
229:
228:
223:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
185:
184:
180:Akainacephalus
126:
125:
117:
116:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
52:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6687:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6633:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6615:
6611:
6606:
6600:
6596:
6591:
6585:
6581:
6580:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6568:
6563:
6551:
6543:
6541:
6537:
6536:
6533:
6524:
6519:
6493:
6492:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6481:
6479:
6478:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6460:
6458:
6457:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6446:
6444:
6443:
6439:
6437:
6436:
6432:
6430:
6429:
6425:
6423:
6422:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6406:
6405:Ankylosaurini
6402:
6396:
6395:
6391:
6389:
6388:
6384:
6381:
6380:
6376:
6374:
6373:
6369:
6366:
6365:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6354:
6352:
6351:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6333:
6331:
6330:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6319:
6317:
6316:
6315:Crichtonpelta
6312:
6310:
6309:
6308:Bissektipelta
6305:
6304:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6285:
6284:
6280:
6278:
6277:
6273:
6271:
6270:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6260:Shamosaurinae
6257:
6251:
6250:
6246:
6244:
6243:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6231:
6229:
6228:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6204:Ahshislepelta
6201:
6200:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6155:
6153:
6152:
6151:Hungarosaurus
6148:
6146:
6145:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6136:
6132:
6126:
6125:
6121:
6119:
6118:
6117:Panoplosaurus
6114:
6112:
6111:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6078:
6077:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6037:
6035:
6034:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6018:Ahshislepelta
6015:
6013:
6012:
6008:
6007:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5995:
5988:
5987:
5983:
5981:
5980:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5964:Hoplitosaurus
5961:
5958:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5939:Polacanthinae
5936:
5930:
5929:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5921:Rhadinosaurus
5918:
5916:
5915:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5887:
5885:
5884:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5835:
5833:
5832:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5824:Acanthopholis
5821:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5797:
5787:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5770:Antarctopelta
5767:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5758:
5752:
5751:
5747:
5745:
5744:
5743:Tianchisaurus
5740:
5737:
5736:
5735:Stegosaurides
5732:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5718:
5715:
5714:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5675:
5674:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5656:
5652:
5640:
5639:
5633:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5605:
5597:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5570:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5539:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5481:
5476:
5474:
5469:
5467:
5462:
5461:
5458:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5428:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5386:
5385:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5369:Dravidosaurus
5366:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5319:Syngonosaurus
5316:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5231:
5224:
5220:
5211:
5207:
5204:
5197:
5191:
5184:
5155:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5144:
5140:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5108:
5100:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5077:Zephyrosaurus
5074:
5071:
5070:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5048:Oryctodromeus
5045:
5043:
5042:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5034:Nevadadromeus
5031:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5018:Koreanosaurus
5015:
5012:
5011:
5007:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4903:Hypsilophodon
4900:
4898:
4897:
4896:Hexinlusaurus
4893:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4876:
4871:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4788:Scelidosaurus
4785:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4708:Abrictosaurus
4705:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4632:Lesothosaurus
4629:
4627:
4626:
4625:Laquintasaura
4622:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4593:Eucoelophysis
4590:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4527:
4523:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4397:
4392:
4390:
4385:
4383:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4363:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4320:
4317:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4292:
4289:
4284:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4233:
4230:
4223:
4220:
4214:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4196:
4193:
4187:
4184:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4124:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4107:
4101:
4098:
4092:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4040:
4037:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4009:
4006:
4001:
3999:0-253-33964-2
3995:
3991:
3990:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3966:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3917:
3914:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3726:
3724:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3697:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3672:
3663:
3661:
3653:
3652:
3644:
3643:
3635:
3634:
3626:
3625:
3617:
3616:
3608:
3607:
3599:
3598:
3590:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3572:
3571:
3563:
3562:
3554:
3553:
3545:
3544:
3536:
3535:
3527:
3526:
3518:
3517:
3509:
3508:
3500:
3499:
3491:
3490:
3482:
3481:
3473:
3472:
3464:
3463:
3455:
3454:
3446:
3445:
3437:
3436:
3428:
3427:
3419:
3418:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3380:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3356:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3332:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3314:Antarctopelta
3308:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3288:
3287:
3279:
3278:
3270:
3269:
3261:
3260:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3174:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3150:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3126:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3075:Crichtonpelta
3069:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3038:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3014:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2990:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2970:
2969:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2907:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2876:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2853:
2852:
2844:
2843:
2835:
2834:
2826:
2825:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2780:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2732:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2708:
2707:
2701:
2700:Shamosaurinae
2698:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2623:Ahshislepelta
2617:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2597:
2596:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2507:
2506:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2444:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2413:
2405:
2404:
2396:
2395:
2387:
2386:
2378:
2377:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2339:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2271:
2270:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2214:Panoplosaurus
2208:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2183:Tianchisaurus
2177:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2154:
2153:
2145:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2085:Hungarosaurus
2079:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1933:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1883:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1769:
1768:
1760:
1759:
1751:
1750:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1732:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1523:Hoplitosaurus
1517:
1516:
1510:
1509:Polacanthidae
1507:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1387:
1381:Ankylosauria
1380:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:Polacanthidae
1365:
1355:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1337:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1318:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1071:Hoplitosaurus
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1020:Panoplosaurus
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
997:
996:
993:
992:
989:
988:
987:
980:
979:
976:
975:
972:
971:
970:
963:
962:
959:
958:
955:
954:
953:
946:
945:
942:
941:
938:
937:
936:
929:
928:
925:
924:
921:
920:
919:
912:
911:
905:
902:
901:
895:
892:
891:
888:
887:
879:
878:
870:
869:
866:
865:
864:
857:
856:
853:
852:
849:
848:
847:
846:Antarctopelta
840:
839:
833:
832:
829:
828:
825:
824:
823:
816:
815:
809:
806:
805:
799:
796:
795:
792:
791:
788:
787:
781:
780:
774:
773:
770:
769:
766:
765:
764:
763:Scelidosaurus
757:
756:
750:
747:
746:
742:
740:
736:
735:
730:
729:
724:
723:
718:
717:
716:Antarctopelta
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
683:
678:
677:
672:
671:Scelidosaurus
669:in 2021 find
668:
664:
660:
659:
658:Scelidosaurus
654:
650:
646:
642:
641:
636:
635:
630:
626:
622:
621:
616:
615:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
582:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
557:
550:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
488:of the clade
487:
484:
480:
469:
464:
461:
460:
458:
455:
451:
441:
440:
436:
434:
433:
432:Tianchisaurus
429:
426:
425:
424:Stegosaurides
421:
419:
418:
414:
412:
411:
407:
404:
403:
399:
397:
396:
392:
390:
389:
385:
383:
382:
378:
376:
375:
371:
370:
369:
368:
361:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
342:
338:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
322:
317:
313:
309:
304:
298:
295:
292:
291:
288:
282:
279:
276:
275:
272:
266:
263:
260:
259:
256:
250:
247:
244:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:
195:
190:
186:
182:
181:
176:
175:
170:
169:
164:
163:
158:
157:
152:
151:
146:
145:
140:
139:
134:
133:
127:
123:
118:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
46:
42:
33:
30:
19:
6605:Ankylosauria
6575:Ankylosauria
6574:
6489:
6482:
6475:
6468:
6461:
6454:
6447:
6440:
6435:Dyoplosaurus
6433:
6426:
6421:Ankylosaurus
6419:
6412:
6392:
6385:
6377:
6370:
6362:
6355:
6350:Pinacosaurus
6348:
6341:
6334:
6327:
6320:
6313:
6306:
6281:
6274:
6267:
6247:
6240:
6234:Hylaeosaurus
6232:
6225:
6218:
6210:
6202:
6170:
6163:
6158:Pawpawsaurus
6156:
6149:
6142:
6122:
6115:
6108:
6103:Denversaurus
6101:
6094:
6074:
6067:
6060:
6054:Peloroplites
6052:
6045:
6038:
6031:
6026:Borealopelta
6024:
6016:
6011:Acantholipan
6009:
5998:Nodosaurinae
5984:
5977:
5971:Peloroplites
5969:
5962:
5954:
5946:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5904:
5896:
5890:Mymoorapelta
5888:
5881:
5875:Hylaeosaurus
5873:
5866:
5859:
5851:
5843:
5836:
5831:Anoplosaurus
5829:
5822:
5811:Nodosauridae
5783:
5775:
5768:
5748:
5741:
5733:
5726:
5719:
5711:
5704:
5697:
5690:
5683:
5678:Cryptosaurus
5676:
5660:Ankylosauria
5659:
5638:Ankylosauria
5637:
5636:
5608:Ankylosauria
5607:
5596:Ornithischia
5581:Ornithischia
5533:
5529:Ornithischia
5524:
5515:
5487:Ankylosauria
5486:
5411:Silesauridae
5382:
5375:
5367:
5362:Ajkaceratops
5360:
5350:
5338:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5310:
5305:Notoceratops
5303:
5296:
5291:Gongbusaurus
5289:
5284:Geranosaurus
5282:
5275:
5268:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5239:Nomina dubia
5237:
5187:
5075:
5067:
5060:
5055:Parksosaurus
5053:
5046:
5039:
5032:
5024:
5016:
5010:Jeholosaurus
5008:
5000:
4993:
4985:
4977:
4970:
4950:
4943:
4938:Sanxiasaurus
4936:
4929:
4922:
4917:Minimocursor
4915:
4908:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4831:Ankylosauria
4820:Ankylosauria
4819:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4706:
4687:Technosaurus
4685:
4679:Soumyasaurus
4677:
4669:
4661:
4655:Pisanosaurus
4653:
4645:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4615:
4609:Ignotosaurus
4607:
4599:
4591:
4584:
4576:
4568:
4560:
4544:Ornithischia
4531:Ornithischia
4494:Ornithischia
4446:
4437:
4403:Ornithischia
4335:
4329:
4319:
4307:. Retrieved
4301:
4291:
4246:
4242:
4232:
4222:
4213:
4204:
4195:
4186:
4137:
4133:
4123:
4109:
4100:
4091:
4082:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4008:
3988:
3981:
3973:
3968:
3959:
3944:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3879:
3875:
3815:
3811:
3768:
3758:
3755:Vocalization
3730:
3721:
3705:
3700:
3691:Paleobiology
3678:
3667:
3659:
3401:
3400:
3386:Dyoplosaurus
3384:
3383:
3360:
3359:
3336:
3335:
3312:
3311:
3243:
3242:
3226:
3225:
3202:
3201:
3178:
3177:
3154:
3153:
3132:Ankylosaurus
3130:
3129:
3090:
3089:
3073:
3072:
3042:
3041:
3018:
3017:
2994:
2993:
2952:
2951:
2935:
2934:
2911:
2910:
2880:
2879:
2808:
2807:
2784:
2783:
2760:
2759:
2736:
2735:
2712:
2711:
2669:
2668:
2652:
2651:
2621:
2620:
2579:
2578:
2562:
2561:
2538:
2537:
2489:
2488:
2474:Mymoorapelta
2472:
2471:
2450:Borealopelta
2448:
2447:
2360:
2359:
2345:Anoplosaurus
2343:
2342:
2319:
2318:
2295:
2294:
2253:
2252:
2238:Denversaurus
2236:
2235:
2212:
2211:
2181:
2180:
2102:Pawpawsaurus
2100:
2099:
2083:
2082:
2059:
2058:
2035:
2034:
2011:
2010:
1987:
1986:
1954:
1953:
1937:
1936:
1887:
1886:
1826:
1825:
1809:
1808:
1717:Peloroplites
1715:
1714:
1698:
1697:
1674:
1673:
1652:Hylaeosaurus
1650:
1649:
1626:
1625:
1602:
1601:
1569:
1568:
1552:
1551:
1521:
1520:
1487:
1486:
1463:
1462:
1439:
1438:
1415:
1392:
1391:
1361:
1275:
1259:
1258:
1235:
1234:
1202:
1201:
1185:
1184:
1154:
1153:
1121:Nodosaurinae
1119:
1103:
1102:
1086:
1085:
1069:
1068:
1052:
1051:
1037:Peloroplites
1035:
1034:
1018:
1017:
1003:Mymoorapelta
1001:
1000:
986:Hylaeosaurus
984:
983:
967:
966:
950:
949:
933:
932:
916:
915:
904:Nodosauridae
893:
861:
860:
844:
843:
820:
819:
798:Ankylosauria
797:
784:
761:
760:
732:
726:
720:
714:
710:
706:
703:Ankylosaurus
702:
695:Nodosauridae
690:
687:Ankylosaurus
686:
680:
674:
670:
656:
638:
632:
618:
614:Ankylosaurus
612:
607:proposed in
586:
565:Barnum Brown
561:Ankylosaurus
558:
554:
530:
514:Nodosauridae
490:Ornithischia
479:Ankylosauria
478:
477:
462:
437:
430:
422:
415:
408:
400:
393:
388:Mymoorapelta
386:
379:
374:Cryptosaurus
372:
352:Nodosauridae
336:
331:
303:Ankylosauria
302:
293:
277:
261:
255:Ornithischia
245:
232:
178:
174:Borealopelta
172:
166:
162:Denversaurus
160:
154:
148:
142:
136:
130:
29:
6655:Ankylosaurs
6599:Wikispecies
6470:Scolosaurus
6387:Tsagantegia
6336:Jinyunpelta
6276:Shamosaurus
6227:Chuanqilong
6069:Silvisaurus
6047:Patagopelta
5979:Polacanthus
5928:Sauroplites
5728:Spicomellus
5706:Sarcolestes
5538:Thyreophora
5340:Trimucrodon
5312:Siluosaurus
5270:Fabrosaurus
5263:Craspedodon
5256:Bienosaurus
5099:Ornithopoda
5088:Ornithopoda
4987:Changmiania
4952:Yandusaurus
4889:Agilisaurus
4854:Stegosauria
4843:Stegosauria
4768:Thyreophora
4647:Lutungutali
4617:Kwanasaurus
4570:Asilisaurus
4562:Amanasaurus
4309:26 February
4243:BMC Ecology
4025:(1): 1â86.
3745:angiosperms
3680:Spicomellus
3403:Scolosaurus
2913:Tsagantegia
2882:Jinyunpelta
2810:Shamosaurus
2786:Chuanqilong
1939:Silvisaurus
1628:Patagopelta
1571:Polacanthus
1394:Sarcolestes
1261:Shamosaurus
1187:Chuanqilong
1088:Sauroplites
1054:Polacanthus
786:Stegosauria
749:Thyreophora
711:Stegosaurus
707:Stegosaurus
691:Stegosaurus
631:to specify
625:Paul Sereno
620:Stegosaurus
597:ornithopods
593:Thyreophora
589:Stegosauria
577:glyptodonts
541:Thyreophora
483:herbivorous
466:Carpenter,
417:Spicomellus
395:Sarcolestes
335:Soto-Acuña
271:Thyreophora
156:Scolosaurus
35:Ankylosaurs
6649:Categories
6538:See also:
6463:Platypelta
6456:Oohkotokia
6394:Zaraapelta
6269:Gobisaurus
6220:Cedarpelta
6212:Aletopelta
6165:Stegopelta
6110:Edmontonia
6096:Animantarx
6062:Sauropelta
6040:Nodosaurus
5906:Priconodon
5750:Vectipelta
5685:Dracopelta
5617:see belowâ
5520:Dinosauria
5394:Other taxa
5333:Tichosteus
5326:Tatisaurus
5131:Ceratopsia
5120:Ceratopsia
5069:Yueosaurus
5041:Orodromeus
5026:Nanosaurus
4945:Xiaosaurus
4924:Nanosaurus
4802:Yuxisaurus
4781:Emausaurus
4757:Tianyulong
4750:Pegomastax
4736:Lycorhinus
4722:Fruitadens
4671:Silesaurus
4663:Sacisaurus
4639:Lewisuchus
4503:see belowâ
4451:Dinosauria
4433:Sauropsida
4338:(1): 152.
3882:: e12362.
3789:References
3733:stegosaurs
3701:Edmontonia
2954:Zaraapelta
2714:Gobisaurus
2654:Aletopelta
2540:Vectipelta
2491:Stegopelta
2362:Dracopelta
2297:Nodosaurus
1811:Sauropelta
1465:Cedarpelta
1441:Animantarx
1237:Gobisaurus
1156:Aletopelta
918:Cedarpelta
676:Emausaurus
573:stegosaurs
545:stegosaurs
502:quadrupeds
439:Vectipelta
381:Dracopelta
319:Subgroups
239:Dinosauria
138:Edmontonia
18:Ankylosaur
6477:Talarurus
6357:Saichania
6144:Europelta
6124:Texasetes
5986:Taohelong
5883:Invictarx
5785:Stegouros
5503:Kingdom:
5298:Laosaurus
4931:Phyllodon
4715:Echinodon
4601:Gamatavus
4419:Kingdom:
4249:(1): 14.
4178:237616095
4162:2397-334X
4074:258802937
3848:244799975
3749:Laramidia
3706:Possible
3675:Bathonian
3664:Evolution
3204:Saichania
2671:Talarurus
1989:Europelta
1956:Taohelong
1889:Invictarx
1604:Texasetes
1419:juvenile
1105:Taohelong
863:Stegouros
734:Stegouros
649:PhyloCode
551:Etymology
486:dinosaurs
212:Kingdom:
206:Eukaryota
6584:Wikidata
6550:Category
6540:Timeline
6484:Ziapelta
5956:Gastonia
5853:Gastonia
5511:Chordata
5509:Phylum:
5505:Animalia
5249:Alocodon
5227:See also
4743:Manidens
4586:Eocursor
4578:Diodorus
4427:Chordata
4425:Phylum:
4421:Animalia
4362:36792659
4283:23557203
4170:34556830
3949:Archived
3908:34966571
3840:34853468
3777:See also
3092:Ziapelta
969:Gastonia
526:Gondwana
454:Synonyms
287:Eurypoda
226:Chordata
222:Phylum:
216:Animalia
202:Domain:
168:Gastonia
6619:3014674
6590:Q273617
6372:Tarchia
6364:Shanxia
5377:Jakapil
4809:Jakapil
4431:Class:
4353:9932143
4274:3637170
4251:Bibcode
4142:Bibcode
4054:Bibcode
3928:: 1â10.
3899:8667728
3820:Bibcode
3708:neonate
3685:Morocco
3673:by the
1417:Paw Paw
498:turtles
6632:147920
4360:
4350:
4281:
4271:
4176:
4168:
4160:
4115:"PBDB"
4072:
3996:
3906:
3896:
3846:
3838:
3812:Nature
3765:larynx
3743:, and
3741:cycads
3671:Africa
1370:, and
337:et al.
308:Osborn
6329:Datai
5692:Minmi
5534:Clade
5525:Clade
5516:Clade
4447:Clade
4438:Clade
4174:S2CID
4070:S2CID
3876:PeerJ
3844:S2CID
3737:ferns
3718:Armor
728:Minmi
705:than
689:than
655:form
617:than
494:armor
294:Clade
278:Clade
262:Clade
246:Clade
233:Clade
6491:Zuul
5594:see
5567:see
5152:see
5129:see
5097:see
5002:Haya
4995:Fona
4852:see
4829:see
4480:see
4358:PMID
4311:2023
4279:PMID
4166:PMID
4158:ISSN
3994:ISBN
3904:PMID
3836:PMID
3338:Zuul
697:and
679:and
663:2001
645:2021
637:and
629:2005
609:1997
599:and
575:and
516:and
468:2001
341:2021
312:1923
177:and
55:Preê
6614:EoL
4348:PMC
4340:doi
4336:152
4269:PMC
4259:doi
4150:doi
4062:doi
4027:doi
4023:191
3894:PMC
3884:doi
3828:doi
3816:600
3683:in
665:or
627:in
6651::
6629::
6616::
6601::
6586::
5536::
5527::
5518::
4449::
4440::
4356:.
4346:.
4334:.
4328:.
4300:.
4277:.
4267:.
4257:.
4247:13
4245:.
4241:.
4172:.
4164:.
4156:.
4148:.
4136:.
4132:.
4068:.
4060:.
4050:21
4048:.
4021:.
3935:^
3926:95
3924:,
3902:.
3892:.
3878:.
3874:.
3856:^
3842:.
3834:.
3826:.
3814:.
3810:.
3797:^
3773:.
3739:,
3714:.
1374:.
1366:,
719:,
563:,
339:,
310:,
296::
280::
264::
248::
235::
183:.
171:,
165:,
159:,
153:,
147:,
141:,
135:,
105:Pg
47:,
6382:?
6367:?
6286:?
6237:?
6215:?
6207:?
6057:?
6021:?
5989:?
5974:?
5959:?
5951:?
5909:?
5901:?
5893:?
5878:?
5856:?
5848:?
5780:?
5738:?
5716:?
5479:e
5472:t
5465:v
5372:?
5072:?
5029:?
5021:?
5013:?
5005:?
4990:?
4982:?
4690:?
4682:?
4674:?
4666:?
4658:?
4650:?
4642:?
4620:?
4612:?
4604:?
4596:?
4581:?
4573:?
4565:?
4395:e
4388:t
4381:v
4364:.
4342::
4313:.
4285:.
4261::
4253::
4180:.
4152::
4144::
4138:5
4117:.
4076:.
4064::
4056::
4033:.
4029::
4002:.
3910:.
3886::
3880:9
3850:.
3830::
3822::
725:(
427:?
405:?
300:â
284:â
268:â
252:â
110:N
100:K
95:J
90:T
85:P
80:C
75:D
70:S
65:O
60:ê
43:â
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
