879:
945:
961:
995:
978:
896:
1012:
84:
633:
567:
507:
912:
863:
620:
539:. Larvae usually acquire these chemicals, and may retain them in the adult stage, but adults can acquire them, too, by regurgitating decomposing plants containing the compounds and sucking up the fluid. Adults can transfer the defenses to their eggs, and males sometimes transfer them to females to help with defense of the eggs. Larval "hairs" may be stinging in some species, due to histamines their caterpillars make.
60:
928:
298:. The Arctiidae as a whole have been reclassified to represent this relationship. The family was lowered to subfamily status as the Arctiinae within the Erebidae. The subfamilies and tribes of Arctiidae were lowered to tribes and subtribes, respectively, of this new Arctiinae to preserve the internal structure of the group.
1829:
Dowdy, NJ; Keating, SK; Lemmon, AR; Lemmon, EM; Conner, WE; Scott
Chialvo, CH; Weller, SJ; Simmons, RB; Sisson, MS; Zaspel, JM (2020). "A deeper meaning for shallow-level phylogenomic studies: nested anchored hybrid enrichment offers great promise for resolving the tiger moth tree of life
581:
never comes to the light. Basking to accelerate digestion is common in the larval stages, and social behaviour may range from solitary to gregarious. Like most
Lepidoptera, larvae produce a small silk pad before each moult, in which their prolegs are engaged.
667:'s caterpillar—the most familiar woolly bear in North America. More brown than black is said to mean a mild winter, while more black than brown is supposed to mean a harsh winter. However, the relative width of the black band varies among
492:(hairs) on the larvae, wing venation, and a pair of glands near the ovipositor. The sounds are used in mating and for defense against predators. Another good distinguishing character of the subfamily is presence of anal glands in females.
1074:
Fibiger, Michael; Hacker, Hermann (June 29, 2005). "Systematic List of the
Noctuoidea of Europe (Notodontidae, Nolidae, Arctiidae, Lymantriidae, Erebidae, Micronoctuidae, and Noctuidae)".
1807:
Dubatolov VV (2006) Cladogenesis of tiger-moths of the subfamily
Arctiinae: development of a cladogenetic model of the tribe Callimorphini (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) by the SYNAP method.
262:
refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the
Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the
488:
for hearing, a trait with a fairly broad distribution in the
Lepidoptera, but the location and structure is distinctive to the subfamily. Other distinctive traits are particular
519:
Many species retain distasteful or poisonous chemicals acquired from their host plants. Some species also have the ability to make their own defenses. Common defenses include
198:
591:) overwinter in the caterpillar stage. They can survive freezing at moderate subzero temperatures by producing a cryoprotectant chemical. The larvae of another species,
878:
574:
Many of the caterpillars and adults are active during the daytime, but most species of this taxon are night-flying. Moths are attracted by light, but one species,
2231:
1733:
The
Afrotropical Tiger-Moths. An illustrated catalogue, with generic diagnosis and species distribution, of the Afrotropical Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae).
616:, an abundant and highly polyphagous tree-feeding species that has spread from North America to Asia and Europe, does not do lasting damage to healthy hosts.
1993:
1880:
Dubatolov, VV (2008). "Analysis of Insect
Distribution in the Northern Hemisphere by the Example of the Subfamily Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Artctiidae)".
436:
Taxa of the same background color represent the same group of species before and after its lowering of taxonomic rank, despite the change of suffixes.
1534:
960:
2205:
1746:
Watson, A (1971). "An illustrated
Catalog of the Neotropic Arctiinae type in the United States National Museum (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) Part 1".
1814:
Dubatolov VV (2008) Construction of the phylogenetic model for the genera of the tribe
Arctiini (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) with the SYNAP method.
234:
with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as
944:
585:
If disturbed, woolly bear caterpillars roll into a tight spiral or drop from their perch suspended by a strand of silk. Isabella tiger moths (
1931:
501:
1512:
994:
1346:"What kind of signals do mimetic tiger moths send? A phylogenetic test of wasp mimicry systems (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Euchromiini)"
1860:
A cladistic study of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera) by using characters of immatures and adults. Thomas Say publications in entomology.
977:
1862:
1821:
Dubatolov VV (2009) Development of a phylogenetic model for the tribe Micrarctiini (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) by the SYNAP method.
1711:
Ferguson, DC; Opler, PA (2006). "Checklist of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera: Insecta) of the continental United States and Canada".
1685:
Dubatolov, VV (2010). "Tiger-moths of Eurasia (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) (Nyctemerini by Rob de Vos & Vladimir V. Dubatolov)".
1535:"Dr. Jeff Masters' WunderBlog : Forecast for the winter of 2005-2006:: Part I, the woolly bears | Weather Underground"
2287:
1222:
1672:
2210:
2218:
1011:
671:, not according to weather. The mythical qualities attributed to woolly bears in America have led to such things as the
595:, may be found on snow seeking a place to pupate. Species in Arctic and temperate belts overwinter in the larval stage.
2282:
2104:
1969:
1787:
Da Costa, MA; Weller, SJ (2005). "Phylogeny and classification of Callimorphini (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Arctiinae)".
2171:
1173:
688:
652:
448:
83:
2236:
554:
that sting. The ultrasound signals help nocturnal predators to learn to avoid the moths, and for some species can
2277:
2184:
1581:
Bates, DL; Fenton, MB (1990). "Aposematism or startle? Predators learn their responses to the defenses of prey".
302:
Changes in taxon ranks and names are due to the classification of the former Arctiidae as the current Arctiinae.
1999:
800:
2007:
927:
895:
862:
2015:
1919:
1061:
823:
459:
373:
31:
27:
2057:
2036:
1032:
1001:
967:
911:
706:
659:
hold that "woolly bears" (or "woolly worms" in the South) help humans predict the weather, similar to the
656:
598:
Some tiger moths produce ultrasonic clicks in response to the echolocation of bats to protect themselves.
576:
528:
1542:
2244:
1989:
1631:
Dunning, DC; Acharya, L; Merriman, CB; Ferro, LD (1992). "Interactions between bats and arctiid moths".
1495:
Layne, JR; Kuharsky, DK (2000). "Triggering of cryoprotectant synthesis in the woolly bear caterpillar (
1444:
Hristov, NI; Conner, WE (2005). "Sound strategy: acoustic aposematism in the bat–tiger moth arms race".
680:
676:
1735:
1652:
Fullard, JH; Fenton, MB; Simmons, JA (1979). "Jamming bat echolocation: the clicks of arctiid moths".
2153:
1959:
1954:
1453:
1402:
886:
714:
587:
555:
512:
170:
2031:
1017:
951:
672:
664:
484:. This organ has membranes that are vibrated to produce ultrasonic sounds. They also have thoracic
70:
40:
2272:
1897:
1847:
1619:
1477:
1426:
1190:
1116:
869:
838:
814:
781:
775:
520:
78:
2249:
2023:
1136:"Annotated check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico"
1282:"The evolution of chemical defenses and mating systems in tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)"
2140:
1974:
1927:
1516:
1469:
1418:
1375:
1326:
1241:
792:
764:
2046:
1889:
1866:
1839:
1796:
1755:
1720:
1661:
1640:
1611:
1590:
1508:
1461:
1410:
1365:
1357:
1318:
1293:
1231:
1182:
1143:
1106:
632:
1313:
Ritsuo Nishida (2002). "Sequestration of defensive substances from plants by Lepidoptera".
1322:
566:
2095:
1457:
1406:
1393:
Dunning, DC; Roeder, KD (1965). "Moth sounds and the insect-catching behavior of bats".
506:
2179:
2166:
1370:
1345:
1298:
1281:
984:
935:
918:
808:
738:
692:
619:
546:
bright coloration, unusual postures, odours, or in adults, ultrasonic vibrations. Some
485:
1917:
Tiger moths and woolly bears : behavior, ecology, and evolution of the Arctiidae.
663:. The forthcoming severity of a winter may be indicated by the amount of black on the
612:
Although abundant, few species in this subfamily are of economic importance. Even the
2266:
1923:
1851:
1111:
1094:
749:
729:
649:
602:
194:
1901:
1481:
1430:
1194:
1163:
Simmons, RB; Conner, WE (1996). "Ultrasonic signals in the defense and courtship of
1120:
2145:
1135:
755:
613:
601:
Many species are polyphagous in the larval stage. Monophagous species, such as the
283:
279:
274:
The subfamily was previously classified as the family Arctiidae of the superfamily
263:
207:
179:
59:
2109:
1414:
2223:
2192:
2089:
720:
543:
524:
350:
287:
187:
135:
1893:
1800:
1724:
1465:
637:
481:
464:
406:
402:
398:
377:
354:
326:
321:
275:
145:
26:"Woolly worm" redirects here. For the artificial fly used in fly fishing, see
2080:
1964:
1739:
902:
660:
536:
532:
469:
381:
291:
115:
95:
2119:
1767:
Watson, A; Goodger, DT (1986). "Catalogue of the Neotropical Tiger-moths".
1759:
1520:
1513:
10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(20000301)286:4<367::aid-jez4>3.0.co;2-f
1473:
1422:
1379:
1361:
1330:
1148:
1245:
1236:
1209:
286:
studies have shown that the group is most closely related to litter moths
2127:
2074:
1818:
88(7):833-837. Translated from: Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 87(3):653–658
684:
645:
394:
367:
339:
295:
155:
20:
39:"Footman moth" redirects here. For the moth species with that name, see
2132:
1944:
1843:
1623:
1186:
547:
480:
The most distinctive feature of the subfamily is a tymbal organ on the
19:
For the former subfamily Arctiinae of the former family Arctiidae, see
2197:
1825:
89(3):306–313. Translated from: Zoologicheskii Zhurnal. 88(4):438–445
1602:
Dunning, DC; Krüger, M (1995). "Aposematic sounds in African moths".
668:
250:. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as
125:
105:
2051:
1665:
1644:
1615:
1594:
1214:
times its clicks to the terminal attack calls of the big brown bat
844:
631:
618:
565:
505:
2158:
551:
489:
231:
2055:
1095:"Molecular phylogenetics of Erebidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)"
1965:
Digital images of Neotropical Arctiidae and Geometridae
1673:
Science Fridays: Moths Can Escape Bats By Jamming Sonar
1134:
Lafontaine, Donald; Schmidt, Christian (19 Mar 2010).
266:
subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
447:
Many genera are classified into these tribes, while
2064:
1210:"Jamming bat echolocation: the dogbane tiger moth
238:(or tigers), which usually have bright colours,
1208:Fullard, JH; Simmons, JA; Sailant, PA (1994).
1280:Weller, SJ; Jacobsen, NL; Conner, WE (1999).
1058:The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity
8:
1275:
1273:
1271:
712:Banded woolly bear or Isabella tiger moth,
370:, Ctenuchini, Eudesmiini, Lithosiini, etc.
2052:
2047:Beattyville Woolly Worm Festival 2012 Site
1769:Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology
542:The insects advertise these defenses with
58:
49:
1960:Jamaica Arctiidae Digital colour "plates"
1369:
1297:
1286:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1235:
1147:
1110:
1955:Belize Arctiidae Digital colour "plates"
1052:
1050:
1048:
300:
1044:
858:
747:Dogbane tiger moth or delicate cycnia,
230:) are a large and diverse subfamily of
30:. For the Arctic woolly bear moth, see
1983:Butterflies and Moths of North America
294:, which are subfamilies of the family
1830:(Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)".
1565:Caterpillars of Eastern North America
1323:10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145121
7:
2185:ed3e1cb3-fcf7-4824-b648-4d13bc132775
1748:Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
1700:Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera
1171:Stretch. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)".
502:Pyrrolizidine alkaloid sequestration
1299:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01188.x
1093:Zahiri, Reza; et al. (2011).
242:, which are usually much drabber,
14:
1698:Edwards, ED (1996). "Arctiidae".
1882:Contemporary Problems of Ecology
1863:Entomological Society of America
1344:Simmons, RB; Weller, SE (2002).
1112:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00607.x
1010:
993:
976:
959:
943:
926:
910:
894:
877:
861:
687:and the Woolly Worm Festival in
82:
1809:Euroasian Entomological Journal
1687:Neue Entomologische Nachrichten
1223:Journal of Experimental Biology
2019:, black and yellow lichen moth
2003:, spotted oleander caterpillar
1915:William Conner (ed.). (2009).
1858:Jacobson NL, Weller SJ (2002)
1731:Goodger DT, Watson A. (1995).
1:
1567:. Princeton University Press.
216:Approximately 11,000 species
1996:Featured Creatures Web site
1415:10.1126/science.147.3654.173
550:moths that are poisonous or
449:others remain unclassified (
226:(formerly called the family
1315:Annual Review of Entomology
443:Tribes (former subfamilies)
431:Names and rank not changed
420:Names and rank not changed
2306:
1499:Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)".
1174:Journal of Insect Behavior
499:
38:
25:
18:
1894:10.1134/S1995425508020033
1811:5(2):95–104 (in Russian).
1801:10.11646/zootaxa.1025.1.1
1725:10.11646/zootaxa.1299.1.1
1466:10.1007/s00114-005-0611-7
435:
213:
206:
185:
178:
79:Scientific classification
77:
66:
57:
52:
801:Euplagia quadripunctaria
570:Copulation in tiger moth
2011:, saltmarsh caterpillar
1920:Oxford University Press
1888:(2): 183–193, 194–203.
1062:Oxford University Press
1033:List of arctiine genera
828:Phragmatobia fuliginosa
824:Maltese ruby tiger moth
593:Phragmatobia fuliginosa
562:Behavior and life cycle
529:pyrrolizidine alkaloids
313:Current classification
33:Gynaephora groenlandica
28:Woolly Worm (imitation)
2288:Moths of North America
1760:10.5479/si.00810282.50
1362:10.1098/rspb.2002.1970
1149:10.3897/zookeys.40.414
1002:Halysidota tessellaris
968:Platyprepia virginalis
707:Halysidota tessellaris
641:
624:
623:Tiger moth laying eggs
577:Borearctia menetriesii
571:
516:
258:. The scientific name
2245:Paleobiology Database
1874:Distribution analyses
1832:Systematic Entomology
1781:Phylogenetic analyses
1679:Main species catalogs
1258:Holloway JD. (1988).
1237:10.1242/jeb.194.1.285
1099:Systematic Entomology
806:Milkweed tiger moth,
635:
622:
569:
509:
310:Former classification
2180:Fauna Europaea (new)
1823:Entomological Review
1816:Entomological Review
1563:Wagner, DL. (2005).
1539:www.wunderground.com
1497:Pyrrharctia isabella
1056:Scoble, MJ. (1995).
887:Hypercompe scribonia
819:Callimorpha dominula
790:Hickory tiger moth,
786:Hypercompe scribonia
773:Grote's Bertholdia,
715:Pyrrharctia isabella
677:Woolly Worm Festival
588:Pyrrharctia isabella
556:jam bat echolocation
513:Pyrrharctia isabella
510:Banded woolly bear,
67:Harnessed tiger moth
2032:entnem.ifas.ufl.edu
2027:, Edwards wasp moth
1706:(278–286): 368–370.
1458:2005NW.....92..164H
1446:Naturwissenschaften
1407:1965Sci...147..173D
1317:. 47:57-92: 57–92.
1265:: Family Arctiidae.
1260:The Moths of Borneo
1019:Aglaomorpha histrio
952:Apantesis phalerata
884:Giant leopard moth
798:Jersey tiger moth,
673:Woollybear Festival
665:Isabella tiger moth
303:
71:Apantesis phalerata
42:Barsine cuneonotata
2283:Aposematic animals
2038:Utetheisa ornatrix
1970:SZM Digital images
1945:"Family Arctiidae"
1844:10.1111/syen.12433
1187:10.1007/BF02208978
870:Grammia parthenice
839:Utetheisa ornatrix
815:Scarlet tiger moth
782:Giant leopard moth
776:Bertholdia trigona
642:
625:
572:
521:cardiac glycosides
517:
301:
290:and the Old World
214:1,400–1,500 genera
16:Subfamily of moths
2260:
2259:
2058:Taxon identifiers
2017:Lycomorpha pholus
2001:Empyreuma affinis
1975:"Nais Tiger Moth
1932:978-0-19-532737-3
1736:Apollo Books Aps.
1639:(11): 2218–2223.
1545:on 26 August 2012
1401:(3654): 173–174.
1356:(1495): 983–990.
1350:Proc R Soc Lond B
1216:Eptesicus fuscus.
793:Lophocampa caryae
765:Garden tiger moth
743:Manulea lurideola
704:Pale tiger moth,
440:
439:
220:
219:
174:
2295:
2278:Moth subfamilies
2253:
2252:
2240:
2239:
2227:
2226:
2224:NHMSYS0000501294
2214:
2213:
2201:
2200:
2188:
2187:
2175:
2174:
2162:
2161:
2149:
2148:
2136:
2135:
2123:
2122:
2113:
2112:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2053:
2025:Lymire edwardsii
1905:
1867:Lanham, Maryland
1855:
1804:
1776:
1763:
1728:
1707:
1694:
1669:
1648:
1627:
1598:
1575:Other references
1568:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1541:. Archived from
1531:
1525:
1524:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1373:
1341:
1335:
1334:
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1205:
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1154:
1153:
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1131:
1125:
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1114:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1071:
1065:
1054:
1014:
997:
980:
963:
947:
933:Final instar of
930:
914:
898:
881:
865:
760:Hyphantria cunea
725:Spilarctia lutea
304:
169:
87:
86:
62:
50:
2305:
2304:
2298:
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2256:
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2222:
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2118:
2116:
2108:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2060:
2009:Estigmene acrea
1940:
1912:
1910:Further reading
1879:
1876:
1828:
1786:
1783:
1766:
1745:
1710:
1697:
1684:
1681:
1666:10.1139/z79-076
1651:
1645:10.1139/z92-298
1630:
1616:10.2307/2388998
1601:
1595:10.1139/z90-009
1580:
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1157:
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1128:
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1073:
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1055:
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948:
939:
931:
922:
915:
906:
899:
890:
882:
873:
866:
857:
734:Tyria jacobaeae
701:
699:Notable species
636:Caterpillar on
630:
609:), are scarce.
607:Tyria jacobaeae
564:
504:
498:
486:tympanal organs
478:
445:
282:group. Recent
272:
215:
202:
191:
168:
81:
68:
46:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2290:
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2265:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
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2241:
2228:
2215:
2202:
2189:
2176:
2167:Fauna Europaea
2163:
2150:
2137:
2124:
2114:
2101:
2086:
2070:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2005:
1986:
1979:(Drury, 1773)"
1977:Apantesis nais
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1939:
1938:External links
1936:
1935:
1934:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1856:
1838:(4): 874–893.
1826:
1819:
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1779:
1778:
1777:
1764:
1743:
1729:
1708:
1695:
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1677:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1660:(3): 647–649.
1649:
1628:
1610:(2): 227–231.
1599:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1556:
1526:
1507:(4): 367–371.
1487:
1452:(4): 164–169.
1436:
1385:
1336:
1305:
1292:(4): 557–578.
1267:
1251:
1200:
1181:(6): 909–919.
1165:Euchaetes egle
1155:
1126:
1085:
1066:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1007:
999:
992:
990:
985:Apantesis arge
982:
975:
973:
965:
958:
956:
949:
942:
940:
936:Euchaetes egle
932:
925:
923:
919:Arctia villica
916:
909:
907:
900:
893:
891:
883:
876:
874:
867:
860:
856:
853:
852:
851:
849:Muxta xanthopa
842:
834:
821:
812:
809:Euchaetes egle
804:
796:
788:
779:
771:
762:
753:
745:
739:Common footman
736:
727:
718:
710:
700:
697:
693:North Carolina
629:
626:
563:
560:
497:
494:
477:
474:
473:
472:
467:
462:
451:incertae sedis
444:
441:
438:
437:
433:
432:
429:
426:
422:
421:
418:
415:
411:
410:
392:
389:
385:
384:
371:
365:
361:
360:
357:
347:
343:
342:
337:
334:
330:
329:
324:
319:
315:
314:
311:
308:
271:
268:
218:
217:
211:
210:
204:
203:
192:
183:
182:
176:
175:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
75:
74:
64:
63:
55:
54:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2301:
2300:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1754:(50): 1–361.
1753:
1749:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1674:
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1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1646:
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1638:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1212:Cycnia tenera
1204:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1060:. Second ed.
1059:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1003:
996:
991:
988:, caterpillar
987:
986:
979:
974:
971:, caterpillar
970:
969:
962:
957:
954:
953:
946:
941:
938:
937:
929:
924:
921:
920:
913:
908:
905:
904:
897:
892:
889:
888:
880:
875:
872:
871:
864:
859:
854:
850:
846:
843:
841:
840:
836:Ornate moth,
835:
833:
829:
825:
822:
820:
816:
813:
811:
810:
805:
803:
802:
797:
795:
794:
789:
787:
783:
780:
778:
777:
772:
770:
766:
763:
761:
757:
754:
752:
751:
750:Cycnia tenera
746:
744:
740:
737:
735:
731:
730:Cinnabar moth
728:
726:
722:
719:
717:
716:
711:
709:
708:
703:
702:
698:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
675:in Ohio, the
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
651:
647:
639:
634:
627:
621:
617:
615:
610:
608:
604:
603:cinnabar moth
599:
596:
594:
590:
589:
583:
580:
578:
568:
561:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
515:
514:
508:
503:
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491:
487:
483:
475:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
456:
454:
452:
442:
434:
430:
428:Many species
427:
424:
423:
419:
416:
413:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
393:
390:
387:
386:
383:
379:
375:
372:
369:
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348:
345:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
331:
328:
325:
323:
320:
317:
316:
312:
309:
306:
305:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
269:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
212:
209:
205:
200:
196:
190:
189:
184:
181:
177:
172:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
142:Superfamily:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
85:
80:
76:
73:
72:
65:
61:
56:
51:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
29:
22:
2065:
2040:, bella moth
2037:
2024:
2016:
2008:
2000:
1982:
1976:
1948:
1916:
1885:
1881:
1859:
1835:
1831:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1792:
1788:
1772:
1768:
1751:
1747:
1732:
1716:
1712:
1703:
1699:
1690:
1686:
1657:
1653:
1636:
1632:
1607:
1603:
1586:
1582:
1564:
1559:
1547:. Retrieved
1543:the original
1538:
1529:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1314:
1308:
1289:
1285:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1139:
1129:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1057:
1018:
1000:
983:
966:
950:
934:
917:
901:
885:
868:
848:
837:
831:
827:
818:
807:
799:
791:
785:
774:
768:
759:
756:Fall webworm
748:
742:
733:
724:
713:
705:
643:
614:fall webworm
611:
606:
600:
597:
592:
586:
584:
575:
573:
541:
525:cardenolides
518:
511:
479:
450:
446:
417:Many genera
318:Superfamily
284:phylogenetic
280:monophyletic
273:
264:Lymantriinae
259:
256:woolly worms
255:
252:woolly bears
251:
247:
244:lichen moths
243:
239:
235:
227:
223:
221:
186:
180:Type species
165:
69:
47:
41:
32:
2193:iNaturalist
2090:Wikispecies
1949:Insecta.pro
1230:: 285–298.
1105:: 102–124.
769:Arctia caja
721:Buff ermine
681:Beattyville
496:Aposematism
476:Description
351:Lithosiinae
349:Arctiinae,
288:Herminiinae
236:tiger moths
188:Arctia caja
162:Subfamily:
136:Lepidoptera
2267:Categories
1654:Can J Zool
1633:Can J Zool
1604:Biotropica
1583:Can J Zool
1549:13 January
1501:J Exp Zool
1169:E. bolteri
1167:Drury and
1142:(40): 26.
1039:References
832:melitensis
689:Banner Elk
638:Asteraceae
544:aposematic
537:histamines
500:See also:
482:metathorax
465:Lithosiini
407:Lithosiina
403:Eudesmiina
399:Ctenuchina
378:Lithosiini
359:Arctiinae
355:Syntominae
346:Subfamily
336:Arctiidae
327:Noctuoidea
322:Noctuoidea
307:Taxon rank
276:Noctuoidea
248:wasp moths
146:Noctuoidea
116:Arthropoda
53:Arctiinae
2273:Arctiinae
2110:Arctiinae
2096:Arctiinae
2066:Arctiinae
1852:218787287
1589:: 49–52.
1082:: 93–205.
1076:Esperlana
903:Nyctemera
661:groundhog
653:Northeast
533:pyrazines
470:Syntomini
388:Subtribe
382:Syntomini
292:Aganainae
278:and is a
260:Arctiinae
228:Arctiidae
224:Arctiinae
208:Diversity
166:Arctiinae
102:Kingdom:
96:Eukaryota
2159:49318679
2128:BugGuide
2117:BioLib:
2075:Wikidata
1924:New York
1902:34805999
1869:, 98 pp.
1795:: 1–94.
1742:, 55 pp.
1719:: 1–33.
1693:: 1–106.
1521:10684559
1482:18306198
1474:15772807
1431:12047544
1423:14220453
1380:12028753
1331:11729069
1195:29457006
1121:84249695
1027:See also
1005:, cocoon
685:Kentucky
650:American
646:folklore
628:Folklore
460:Arctiini
425:Species
395:Arctiina
391:—
374:Arctiini
368:Arctiini
340:Erebidae
296:Erebidae
270:Taxonomy
195:Linnaeus
156:Erebidae
152:Family:
112:Phylum:
106:Animalia
92:Domain:
21:Arctiini
2120:1229590
2081:Q655316
1988:on the
1943:Family
1789:Zootaxa
1775:: 1–71.
1740:Denmark
1713:Zootaxa
1624:2388998
1454:Bibcode
1403:Bibcode
1395:Science
1371:1690985
1246:7964403
1140:ZooKeys
855:Gallery
669:instars
648:of the
409:, etc.
333:Family
240:footmen
132:Order:
126:Insecta
122:Class:
2250:245054
2211:693997
2172:446880
1930:
1900:
1850:
1622:
1519:
1480:
1472:
1429:
1421:
1378:
1368:
1329:
1244:
1193:
1119:
644:Local
535:, and
414:Genus
364:Tribe
246:, and
173:, 1815
2237:30225
2198:47606
2146:BJ7KJ
2133:39177
1898:S2CID
1848:S2CID
1620:JSTOR
1478:S2CID
1427:S2CID
1191:S2CID
1117:S2CID
845:Muxta
830:ssp.
657:South
655:and
640:plant
552:wasps
548:mimic
490:setae
232:moths
171:Leach
2232:NCBI
2206:ITIS
1994:IFAS
1928:ISBN
1793:1025
1717:1299
1551:2022
1517:PMID
1470:PMID
1419:PMID
1376:PMID
1327:PMID
1242:PMID
523:(or
222:The
199:1758
2219:NBN
2154:EoL
2141:CoL
2105:AFD
1890:doi
1840:doi
1797:doi
1756:doi
1721:doi
1662:doi
1641:doi
1612:doi
1591:doi
1509:doi
1505:286
1462:doi
1411:doi
1399:147
1366:PMC
1358:doi
1354:269
1319:doi
1294:doi
1232:doi
1228:194
1183:doi
1144:doi
1107:doi
679:in
527:),
254:or
2269::
2247::
2234::
2221::
2208::
2195::
2182::
2169::
2156::
2143::
2130::
2107::
2092::
2077::
1992:/
1990:UF
1981:.
1947:.
1926:.
1922::
1896:.
1884:.
1865:|
1846:.
1836:45
1834:.
1791:.
1771:.
1752:50
1750:.
1738::
1715:.
1702:.
1691:65
1689:.
1658:57
1656:.
1637:70
1635:.
1618:.
1608:27
1606:.
1587:68
1585:.
1537:.
1515:.
1503:.
1476:.
1468:.
1460:.
1450:92
1448:.
1425:.
1417:.
1409:.
1397:.
1374:.
1364:.
1352:.
1348:.
1325:.
1290:68
1288:.
1284:.
1270:^
1240:.
1226:.
1220:.
1189:.
1177:.
1138:.
1115:.
1103:37
1101:.
1097:.
1080:11
1078:.
1047:^
847:,
826:,
817:,
784:,
767:,
758:,
741:,
732:,
723:,
695:.
691:,
683:,
558:.
531:,
455:.
405:,
401:,
397:,
380:,
376:,
353:,
197:,
1985:.
1951:.
1904:.
1892::
1886:1
1854:.
1842::
1803:.
1799::
1773:1
1762:.
1758::
1727:.
1723::
1704:4
1668:.
1664::
1647:.
1643::
1626:.
1614::
1597:.
1593::
1553:.
1523:.
1511::
1484:.
1464::
1456::
1433:.
1413::
1405::
1382:.
1360::
1333:.
1321::
1302:.
1296::
1263:6
1248:.
1234::
1218:"
1197:.
1185::
1179:9
1152:.
1146::
1123:.
1109::
1064:.
605:(
579:,
453:)
201:)
193:(
45:.
36:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
