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haven't got a country. That's been taken off us." The war was viewed as a Pākehā fight among Pākehā nations. From June 1917 the
Military Services Act was amended to apply conscription to all Māori, though the Minister of Defence advised officials it was to apply only to Waikato Māori. On 11 July 1918 police arrived at Te Paina, the King movement's pā at Mangatawhiri, and began arresting males who had failed to report for military duty. The men were transported to Narrow Neck army training camp in Auckland, where they were repeatedly punished for refusing to dress in military uniform. At the end of the war 111 remained in confinement; they were released in May 1919. The anti-conscription stance led to the Kīngitanga movement being widely regarded by Pākehā as seditious traitors and German sympathisers and also drove a wedge between Te Puea and Pomare, who throughout the war urged all Māori to fight for empire forces.
1433:
1623:
56:
1322:
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1543:
436:
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1010:
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364:
384:(European) population grew to outnumber Māori and the colonial government's Native Land Purchase Department adopted unscrupulous methods to take ownership, which included offers to chiefs or small groups of owners. Deals with individual Māori or groups that did not represent majority interests also dragged Māori into disputes with one another. As the white frontier encroached further on their land, many became concerned that their land, and race, would soon be overrun.
527:
recognition. Some opponents dismissed the Kīngitanga as a solely
Waikato movement. Throughout 1859 emissaries of the King movement travelled through the North Island, including Taranaki, Wanganui and Hawkes Bay, seeking further adherents, with iwi sometimes divided in their support. Even within the movement there was said to be deep division: historian Keith Sinclair claimed "moderates" aligned themselves with Wiremu Tamihana and "anti-European extremists" followed
1862:; he had connections with other iwi and came from a line of successful fighting chiefs. He had been an outstanding combatant himself in the days of tribal warfare, had become a friend of Governor Grey and regarded himself as a friend of the Pākehā. He was also well resourced: he was able to call on the assistance of 5000 immediate followers and his Waikato territory had a wealth of food in its rivers and lakes and vast areas of potato and wheat cultivations.
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798:(Upper House) and to sit on the Executive Council as "Minister representing the Maori race". Despite widespread opposition from Waikato Māori, who feared it was an attempt to neutralise the King movement, Mahuta accepted and he was sworn in in May 1903. He entrusted the kingship to his younger brother Te Wherowhero Tawhiao, but resumed the kingship on 21 May 1910, disillusioned with the political process in dealing with Māori confiscation claims.
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of whether the King movement should intervene. A faction of moderates within the movement swung the decision against direct involvement, but news of the meetings led to panic in
Auckland over the possibility of a Māori attack on the capital, in turn prompting what Dalton described as "a mood of savage vindictiveness towards all Māori". In late June 1860 large numbers of Waikato Māori travelled to Taranaki to reinforce Te Āti Awa chief
1469:
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511:
112:
535:, although Belich and historian Vincent O'Malley dispute this, saying both factions were driven by shared objectives and concerns and that divisions had been exaggerated by historians. Tribal rivalries may also have weakened unity. Historian B.J. Dalton observed: "Outside the Waikato, the King Movement appealed most to the younger generation who could see no other way of gaining the
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to Tūrangawaewae on 30 December 1953; the government refused him permission to deliver a speech in which he was to make the historic step of declaring loyalty to the
British Crown, but a copy of the speech was later sent to the Queen. From the late 1950s his health began to deteriorate and he died at
591:
Tāwhiao's succession to the position of King coincided with a period of increasing friction between Māori and the
Auckland-based settler government over issues of land ownership and sovereignty. Hostilities surrounding land purchases in Taranaki spread, erupting into a series of conflicts that became
420:
or unity movement was aimed at bringing to Māori the unity that was an obvious strength among the
Europeans. It was believed that by having a monarch who could claim status similar to that of Queen Victoria, Māori would be able to deal with Pākehā on equal footing. It was also intended to establish a
391:
or chiefly war councils where land issues were raised and in May 1854 a large meeting—attracting as many as 2000 Māori leaders—was held at
Manawapou in south Taranaki where speakers urged concerted opposition to selling land. The meetings provided an important forum for Te Rauparaha's son, Christian
554:
attended a gathering of
Waikato Māori at Ngāruawāhia and tendered their formal allegiance to the king. Discussions at that meeting, and at a second meeting at Peria six weeks later that attracted a large group of supporters from the lower Waikato, centered on hostilities in Taranaki and the question
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noted: "In the eyes of his supporters, the chiefs who had raised him up had made him a repository for their own mana and tapu and for that of their lands. Pōtatau was now a man of intensified prestige and sacredness. This belief was to impel people to go to heroic lengths to uphold the kingship and,
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to resume hostilities against the government to try to wrest back the confiscated land. Tawhiao, however, had renounced war and declared 1867–68 as the "year of the lamb" and "year of peace"; in April 1869 he had issued another proclamation that "the slaying of man by man is to cease". Though there
506:
had been watching developments with concern. In June 1857 he wrote to London that "I apprehend no sort of danger from the present movement, but it is evident that the establishment of a separate nationality by the Māoris in any form or shape if persevered in would end sooner or later in collision."
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Mahuta, born about 1854, was raised during the wars of the 1860s and the exile that followed, and received no
European education and spoke little English. By the time of his coronation support for the King movement had declined and its followers were limited mainly to the Tainui iwi in Waikato and
744:
Tāwhiao also instituted a system of annual poukais—visits by the King to Kīngitanga marae, which he devised as a means of drawing people back to their marae on a fixed day each year. The poukais later evolved into regular consultation meetings between Kīngitanga leadership and its followers where
526:
Recognition of the new King, however, was not immediate: though there was widespread respect for the movement's efforts in establishing a "land league" to slow land sales, Pōtatau's role was strongly embraced only by
Waikato Māori, with iwi of North Auckland and south of Waikato showing him scant
477:
In his acceptance speech Pōtatau stressed the spirit of unity symbolised by the kingship and called on his people to "hold fast to love, to the law, and to faith in God." Over time the King movement came to have a flag, a council of state, a code of laws, a "King's Resident Magistrate", police, a
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From the early 1850s, North Island Māori came under increasing pressure to satisfy the demand of European settler farmers for arable land. While Māori cultivated small areas, relying on extensive forests for berry, birds and roots, settlers expanded their production capacity by burning forest and
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on Te Rata's return, the King discouraged Waikato enlistment—both because of Tawhaio's 1881 declaration that Waikato Māori would never again fight and continued resentment over the injustice of confiscation. Te Puea explained: "They tell us to fight for king and country. We've got a King, but we
951:
Koroki Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero was the fifth in the line of Māori kings. Shy and reserved, he was crowned on 8 October 1933 at the age of about 25 and accepted the role reluctantly, protesting that with so many Waikato Māori living in poverty they could not afford a king.
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in 1892. Though all North Island iwi were invited to attend, participation was confined mainly to the Waikato, Maniapoto and Hauraki people who were already part of the King movement. The assembly's discussions included proceedings in the national Parliament, interpretations of the Treaty of
794:, the first Māori to hold a cabinet position. Mahuta was an advocate of conciliation between Māori and Pākehā; according to historian Michael King, Seddon took advantage of his goodwill and naivety to secure the sale of more Māori land. Seddon invited Mahuta to Wellington as a member of the
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Waitangi, the confiscation issue and conditions for land sales, but its deliberations and recommendations were either ignored or derided by the Parliament and public servants. The establishment of Tāwhiao's Kauhanganui coincided with the formation of a Māori Parliament at Waipatu Marae in
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The movement arose among a group of central North Island iwi in the 1850s as a means of attaining Māori unity to halt the alienation of land at a time of rapid population growth by European colonists. The movement sought to establish a monarch who could claim status similar to that of
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Throughout Mahuta's years as king, Waikato was mired in economic and social depression. Many Māori were landless and destitute because of confiscations, while those who did still own land were unable to make it productive. The area had severe health problems, with constant bouts of
694:, 500 acres at Ngāruawāhia, land in all the townships" as well as economic aid and rights over roads and land dealings. Tāwhiao refused the offer. Three years later, in July 1881, he summoned Resident Magistrate William Gilbert Mair to a meeting at Alexandra (today known as
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After initially declining—he was unwilling to undertake new ventures at his age and was described by a European visitor as blind and decrepit, "on the very brink of his grave"—Te Wherowhero agreed in September 1857 to accept the kingship and in June 1858 he was crowned at
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and that Māori were a separate nation. "I do not desire to cast the Queen from this island, but from own piece (of land). I am to be the person to overlook my own piece," he wrote. But Browne regarded the Kīngitanga stance as an act of disloyalty; his plans for the
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of the land of "rebel" Māori. The confiscation of 486,500 hectares of land, including fertile areas under cultivation, burial sites and areas that had been inhabited for centuries, was a bitter blow for Waikato Māori. In 1869 and 1870 Tāwhiao was challenged by
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parliament, and the standing Māori monarch. The position of the Māori king is mainly a highly respected ceremonial role within the Waikato Tainui iwi with limited powers. Nevertheless, the standing monarch is entitled to appoint one of the 11 members on the
882:
In 1913 Taingakawa convinced Te Rata to head another delegation to England to petition the Crown to revoke the land confiscations as a breach of the Treaty of Waitangi. An intertribal meeting at Raglan decided all King movement adherents would contribute a
952:
Throughout his reign he came under the strong but conflicting influence of several opposing factions which created some controversies; he also notably lost a battle with politicians to keep King Country free of liquor licences. He hosted a brief visit by
1830:(1977, pg 24) contains a slightly different chronology: He says the meeting at Pukawa beside Lake Taupō took place in November 1856 and it was there that chiefs agreed on Te Wherowhero. King says chiefs who were party to the Pukawa decision represented
494:
be our boundary. Do not encroach on this side. Likewise I am not to set foot on that side." The King envisaged a conjoint administration in which he ruled in territory still under Māori customary title while the Governor ruled in areas acquired by the
322:(Europeans) on equal footing. It took on the appearance of an alternative government with its own flag, newspaper, bank, councillors, magistrates and law enforcement. It was viewed by the colonial government as a challenge to the supremacy of the
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330:, which was partly motivated by a drive to neutralise the Kīngitanga's power and influence. Following their defeat at Ōrākau in 1864, Kīngitanga forces withdrew into the Ngāti Maniapoto tribal region of the North Island that became known as the
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through the centre of the North Island and open up the King Country to more settlers—made approaches to Tāwhiao to offer peace terms. Grey, by now Premier of New Zealand, visited the King in May 1878 to offer him "lands on the left bank of the
507:
Though there were still no signs the movement was developing an aggressive spirit, Browne soon began expressing his fear that "it will resolve into a conflict of race and become the greatest political difficulty we have had to contend with".
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to lead a deputation with a petition to the Crown about Māori land grievances but was refused an audience with the Queen. Back in New Zealand in 1886 and seeking Māori solutions to Māori problems through Māori institutions, he petitioned
1080:
In principle the position of Māori monarch is not hereditary. Thus far however, the monarchy has been hereditary in effect, as every new Māori monarch has been the child of the previous monarch, descending in seven generations from
833:. Pomare won the seat by 565 votes. Te Puea's involvement in campaigning for Mahuta's preferred candidate marked her elevation to a position of chief organiser for the King movement, a role she held until her death in 1952.
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to the present Māori queen. With each successive monarch, the role of Pōtatau's family has been entrenched, although after any reign ends there is the potential for the mantle to be passed to someone from another
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Kīngitanga forces were forced to fight a defensive war based on frustrating and slowing down their enemy but were unable to prevail over a full-time professional army with almost unlimited manpower and firepower.
895:
on 4 June on condition that nothing embarrassing would be raised. They departed England on 10 August, having gained nothing but the assurance their claims would be referred back to the New Zealand Government.
866:
and heart disease. With strong support from his cousin and protector Te Puea (later widely referred to as "Princess Te Puea"), he withstood a challenge to his authority by Taingakawa, who established a rival
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482:, all of which gave the movement the appearance of an alternative government. The lives of his followers were given new purpose with the lawmaking, trials, and lengthy meetings and debates. Historian
559:'s forces and joined in the plunder of abandoned farms, but the intervention was unorganised and on a limited scale, relieving Taranaki settlers of some fear of full-scale Kīngitanga involvement.
257:, was crowned in 1858. The monarchy is non-hereditary in principle, although every monarch since Pōtatau Te Wherowhero has been a child of the previous monarch. The eighth monarch is
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and possibly Tāwhiao himself, moderates continued to warn the King that they had little chance of success and risked annihilation by becoming involved in Te Kooti's actions.
778:
From the beginning of his kingship Mahuta took an interest in politics: he pressed the government for compensation for the 1860s land confiscations, sponsored a relative,
1129:
The use of the title of "Māori King" has been challenged by various Māori leaders, namely by those of the north. In his discourse, David Rankin, a leader of the Ngāpuhi
992:
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that support the King movement. The tradition was started in the 1880s by Tāwhiao, the second Māori king. The gatherings include feasting and cultural performances.
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In 1911 Mahuta withdrew his backing for Kaihau in Western Maori after discovering he had presided over the loss of £50,000 of Kīngitanga moneys and used his niece,
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1036:. There are three awards: the Order of King Pootatau Te Wherowhero; the Order of the Taniwhaa; and the Illustrious Order of Te Arikinui Queen Te Atairangikaahu.
1141:
of iwi not associated (or strongly associated) with the movement is thereby diminished, infringing therefore upon their identity and autonomy as Māori and iwi.
1137:, explains that the monarch is not the king of all Māori. The argument states that by the kīngitanga claiming ownership of such a title, the rangatiratanga and
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a head to cover the cost and the four-man delegation sailed from Auckland on 11 April 1914. After initially being rebuffed, they gained an audience with King
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Several North Island candidates who were asked to put themselves forward declined; in February 1857, a few weeks after a key intertribal meeting in
681:, newspaper of the Kīngitanga, edition of 8 May 1893. It represents Matariki or the Pleiades as harbingers of good weather and fruitful endeavours.
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in December 1861 that the King movement was bad and should be abandoned. On 9 July 1863 Grey issued an ultimatum that all Māori living between
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Tamihana, a strategist revered as the "kingmaker", expressed the Kīngitanga movement's key concern in a letter to Browne at the close of the
262:
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were fuelled in large part by his desire to uphold "the Queen's supremacy" in the face of the Kīngitanga challenge. Browne's successor, Sir
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Although the monarchs of the Kīngitanga are not recognised by New Zealand law or by many Māori iwi, they hold the distinction of being
286:. The influence of the Māori monarch is widespread in Māoridom despite the movement not being adhered to by several major iwi, notably
55:
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side is Te Atuatanga, who represents the good and is the personification of spirituality. Together they symbolise the balance of life.
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for the establishment of a Māori Council "for all the chiefs of this Island". When this proposal, too, was ignored, he set up his own
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From about 1886 until about 1905 it also had a bank, the Bank of Aotearoa, which operated in Parawera, Maungatautari and Maungakawa.
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Te Puea continued to strengthen her position as an organiser and spiritual leader. She pioneered efforts to care for victims of the
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view of himself as an anointed leader of a chosen people wandering in the wilderness awaiting a deliverance into their inheritance.
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911:, helped Waikato Māori turn previously unused land into farms and developed the movement's new spiritual and cultural home, the
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or boundary of the confiscated land. Governor Grey, meanwhile, began steering through Parliament legislation for the widespread
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2012:
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400:. Tamihana Te Rauparaha had returned to New Zealand with the idea of forming a Māori kingdom, with one king ruling over all
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818:. Sanitary conditions were generally poor, unemployment high, drunkenness widespread and child schooling rates very low.
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territory, which was subsequently known as the King Country, declaring that Europeans risked death if they crossed the
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Te Rata died on 1 October 1933. Te Puea rejected a proposal to make her the Māori monarch, believing that 21-year-old
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Te Rohe Potae Political Engagement, a report commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal, December 2010, pages 358—367"
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system of law and order in Māori communities to which the Auckland government had so far shown little interest.
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iwi in eastern Waikato, circulated a proposal to appoint as king the elderly and high-ranking Waikato chief
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The coat of arms of the Kīngitanga was designed by Tīwai Parāone of Hauraki and Te Aokatoa of Waikato and
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for "...outstanding services to Māori people...". Her 40-year reign was the longest of any Māori monarch.
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and revived the recitation of tribal history, the singing of Waikato songs and other cultural traditions.
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Tāwhiao remained in exile for 20 years, wandering through Maniapoto and Taranaki settlements, adopting an
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2967:"Kīngitanga – the Māori King movement: Te Atairangikaahu, 1966–2006, and Tūheitia, 2006–: Poukai marae"
1065:. She is the second queen of the Kīngitanga, after her grandmother Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu.
734:. This parliament, which consisted of 96 members from the North and South Islands under Prime Minister
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2609:. History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 8 November 2017. Archived from
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698:) where he and 70 followers laid down their guns, then laid alongside them 70 roasted pigeons and a
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and Hauraki. Te Wherowhero, then aged in his mid-80s, was a descendant of Hoturoa, captain of the
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1061:, was announced by the Tekau-ma-Rua as the next monarch on 5 September 2024, the last day of his
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Pōtatau proclaimed the boundary separating his authority from that of the Governor, saying: "Let
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of a number of important Māori iwi and wield some power on a local level, especially within the
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738:, was formed as part of the Kotahitanga (unification) movement, which Tāwhiao refused to join.
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or be expelled south of the Waikato River. Troops invaded Waikato territory three days later.
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were radical elements in the Kīngitanga movement who favoured a resumption of war, including
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3030:"Gifts for a King: Māori King presents Charles with four coronation gifts including tartan"
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The Illustrious Order of Te Arikinui Queen Te Atairangikaahu. Notable recipients include:
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2937:"Kīngitanga – the Māori King movement: Te Atairangikaahu, 1966–2006, and Tūheitia, 2006–"
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A figure, Manawa ("the pulsating heart"), holding its tongue with both hands, and with a
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2321:. History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 20 December 2012.
2288:. History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 20 December 2012.
2179:. History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 20 December 2012.
2149:. History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 20 December 2012.
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which explores the Kīngitanga movement and the history of the Waikato people. Requires
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funds were also raised to cover the movement's expenses and the upkeep of local marae.
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was sworn in as the Māori king on 21 August 2006. In August 2014, Tūheitia created a
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Tāwhiao and his close followers fled into the bush and steep limestone valleys of
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An early Māori King movement flag used during the reign of Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
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with the strokes between the double lines marking various stages of creation.
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movement on the day of the previous monarch's funeral and before the burial.
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Mahuta's health declined throughout 1912 and he died on 9 November, aged 57.
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electorate and from the late 1890s made frequent contact with Prime Minister
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Tāwhiao died suddenly on 26 August 1894 and was succeeded by his oldest son,
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fern and planting grass seed in the ashes. Some influential chiefs including
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854:, then aged between 30 and 33, was crowned on 24 November 1912 by kingmaker
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to secure the agreement of influential North Island chiefs to his idea. The
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380:), and the view became more widespread in the following decade, when the
1875:, which was technically elective but which passed along the line of the
1723:), representing traditional Māori foods, and on the sinister side are a
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Pōtatau died of influenza on 25 June 1860 and was succeeded by his son,
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The Māori monarch operates in a non-constitutional capacity outside the
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for more than three and a half centuries, though with two exceptions:
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The Order of King Pootatau Te Wherowhero. Notable recipients include:
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is to use doubled vowels rather than macrons to indicate long vowels.
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2472:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 20 December 2012.
1073:
The monarch is appointed by the leaders of the iwi involved in the
474:, later adopting the name Pōtatau Te Wherowhero or simply Pōtatau.
245:
in the 1850s, to establish a role similar in status to that of the
3540:
3535:
3239:"Matariki 2022: Celebrating through the eyes of a Kīngitanga kura"
1183:
1173:
1162:
1008:
970:
942:
915:
876:
765:
509:
434:
3282:
2315:"Māori King movement origins: A challenge to European authority?"
3728:
3700:
1696:
1043:, Tūheitia died while recovering from heart surgery. He was 69.
616:, told a large Māori gathering at Taupari near the mouth of the
3374:
3286:
2732:"Māori King Tūheitia dies aged 69, just days after Koroneihana"
3530:
1814:
1192:
Three honours were created by the Kīngitanga in 2014, namely:
1130:
515:
232:
929:, Te Rata's eldest son, was the rightful heir to the throne.
1188:
Kiingi Tūheitia presenting honours to King Charles III, 2023
396:, who in 1851 had visited England where he was presented to
1028:
Following the death of his mother, Dame Te Atairangikaahu,
2765:"New Māori monarch named: Queen Ngā Wai hono i te po Paki"
2573:. Department of History, University of Auckland: 161–183.
1102:
elected monarchy since 1890. Power is divided between the
1090:
or iwi if the chiefs of the various iwi are in agreement.
770:
Mahuta Tāwhiao, third Māori king, who was crowned in 1894.
1039:
On 30 August 2024, just over a week after his eighteenth
947:
Koroki Mahuta, fifth Māori king, who was crowned in 1933.
376:
opposed land sales in the 1840s (culminating in the 1843
3370:
3086:"TE PAKI O MATARIKI The Coat of Arms of the Maaori King"
1165:
is traditionally used during the crowning of a monarch.
1661:
on its head. Above Manawa are seven stars representing
1172:
is an annual circuit of visits by the Māori monarch to
858:. He was shy and physically weak, having long suffered
2790:"Leaders to debate succession and Kīngitanga's future"
2121:(2000 ed.). Auckland: Penguin. pp. 115–119.
2634:"Koroki Te Rata Mahuta Tawhiao Potatau Te Wherowhero"
2502:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 134.
2028:– via Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
542:
On 10 April 1860, three weeks after the start of the
282:, and wield some power over these, especially within
2282:"Māori King movement origins: Pōtatau Te Wherowhero"
1616:
Coat of arms of the Kīngitanga – Te Paki-o-Matariki
1489:
Korokī Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
27:
Shared monarchy of numerous Māori iwi of New Zealand
3884:
3816:
3781:
3714:
3624:
3566:
3486:
3419:
3024:
3022:
2640:. Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
1475:
Korokī Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
193:
182:
174:
164:
151:
130:
125:
105:
74:
34:
2240:. Auckland: Hodder and Stoughton. pp. 31–34.
2173:"Māori King movement origins: In search of a king"
1384:Hera Ngāpora, Rangiaho Taimana, Aotea Te Paratene
875:. Te Puea built up facilities at the Mangatawhiri
603:in 1861. He said Waikato iwi had never signed the
249:of the British colonists, as a way of halting the
2820:"How the next Māori King or Queen will be chosen"
2530:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
993:Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire
2597:
2595:
2560:"Te Peeke o Aotearoa – The Bank of King Tawhiao"
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
1367:Tūkaroto Matutaera Pōtatau Te Wherowhero Tāwhiao
2687:(1st supplement). 30 December 1969. p. 42.
2423:. Sydney: Sydney University Press. p. 148.
2309:
2307:
2466:"Māori King movement 1860–94: Response to war"
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
624:and the Waikato take an oath of allegiance to
314:and thus provide a way for Māori to deal with
3386:
3298:
2813:
2811:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2143:"Māori King movement origins: The land issue"
1850:as well as the "first circle" of supporters,
1057:King Tuheitia's daughter and youngest child,
685:From the 1870s the Government—keen to push a
387:Around 1853 Māori revived the ancient tribal
8:
3115:Royal, Te Ahukaramū Charles (1 March 2017).
2662:"New Year Honours List" (15 January 1970) 1
2524:"Māori King movement 1860–94: Tensions ease"
1439:Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
298:. The headquarters for the King movement is
3313:
2875:"PM not bowing to pressure over Maori King"
2051:Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou: Struggle Without End
1801:
1737:
1714:
1681:is a double spiral, Kōpū, representing the
1662:
1642:
1298:
1283:
415:
407:
401:
315:
277:
230:
212:
143:
134:
60:
44:
3393:
3379:
3371:
3305:
3291:
3283:
2696:
2694:
2276:
2274:
2268:(Stuttgart: 1867); pg. 456, cited in King.
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
1871:An analogous situation is the position of
1621:
1614:
1585:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
1115:, the executive board of the Kauhanganui.
979:Te Atairangikaahu, daughter of Māori King
31:
3611:Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements
2553:
2551:
2549:
2432:
2430:
2421:War and Politics in New Zealand 1855–1870
2095:War and Politics in New Zealand 1855–1870
1916:"Te Wiki o Te Reo Maaori Discovery Trail"
3179:Te Paki-o-Matariki Lecture by Rahui Papa
2971:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
2941:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
2001:
1999:
1920:Waikato Museum Te Whare Taonga o Waikato
1250:
670:
579:
362:
346:
3125:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
2881:. Auckland. 2 June 2011. Archived from
2444:. Auckland: Penguin. pp. 119–125.
1907:
1793:
775:Ngāti Maniapoto from the King Country.
2638:Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
2603:"Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero"
2008:"Māori King – Election and Coronation"
1973:
1971:
1615:
462:and a major meeting was organised for
3209:"Ngā mihi manahau o te tau hou Māori"
3096:from the original on 2 September 2024
2818:McConnell, Glenn (4 September 2024).
1211:Abigail Kinoiki Kekaulike Kawānanakoa
899:With New Zealand already involved in
253:of Māori land. The first Māori king,
7:
3007:from the original on 5 December 2023
2712:from the original on 17 October 2017
2644:from the original on 22 October 2013
2580:from the original on 21 October 2013
1980:Bateman New Zealand Historical Atlas
1731:, representing housing and clothing.
1403:Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
922:was held there on 25 December 1921.
705:He travelled to London in 1884 with
3945:1850s establishments in New Zealand
2997:"King bestows Order of the Taniwha"
2977:from the original on 11 August 2019
2763:Kerr, Florence (5 September 2024).
2744:from the original on 30 August 2024
2702:"Maori King creates honours system"
2632:Ballara, Angela (30 October 2012).
2534:from the original on 11 August 2019
2476:from the original on 11 August 2019
2020:from the original on 10 August 2019
1047:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō (2024–present)
1033:
587:, the second Māori king (1860–1894)
229:that arose among some of the Māori
3410:Indigenous people of New Zealand (
3040:from the original on 12 April 2024
2845:"Executive body of Te Kauhanganui"
2388:The Penguin history of New Zealand
2097:. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
2053:. Auckland: Penguin. p. 126.
702:, explaining, "This means peace."
546:, deputations from west coast iwi
539:their fathers had won in battle."
25:
3131:from the original on 29 June 2024
2390:. Auckland, N.Z.: Penguin Books.
3894:Influence on New Zealand English
3219:from the original on 3 July 2024
3001:Waatea News: Māori Radio Station
2947:from the original on 29 May 2019
2917:from the original on 4 June 2011
2851:. Waikato Tainui. Archived from
2325:from the original on 7 June 2019
2292:from the original on 7 June 2019
2183:from the original on 7 June 2019
2153:from the original on 7 June 2019
1956:from the original on 27 May 2022
1926:from the original on 3 July 2022
1577:
1541:
1503:
1467:
1431:
1395:
1359:
1320:
987:Te Atairangikaahu was the first
487:subsequently, to fight for it."
110:
80:
54:
3269:Tangata Whenua: Waikato episode
2013:An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
1381:Tūkaroto Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
265:and crowned in September 2024.
3581:Minister for Māori Development
2567:New Zealand Journal of History
1771:New Zealand land confiscations
1641:, and has been given the name
1549:Tūheitia Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
1254:
1228:. Notable recipients include:
1149:A coronation celebration, the
871:(assembly) at Rukumoana, near
725:, a Kīngitanga parliament, at
326:, leading in turn to the 1863
1:
2558:Park, Stuart (October 1992).
1783:(the Kīngitanga's parliament)
1647:meaning "the fine weather of
1348:, Waiata, Raharaha, Ngāwaero
961:Te Atairangikaahu (1966–2006)
652:prophet and guerrilla leader
3451:United Tribes of New Zealand
2010:. In McLintock, A.H. (ed.).
1573:
1537:
1499:
1463:
1427:
1391:
1355:
1316:
957:Ngāruawāhia on 18 May 1966.
790:and Native Affairs Minister
359:as Māori King, drawn in 1863
4001:
3899:Language immersion schools
2528:New Zealand History Online
2470:New Zealand History Online
2319:New Zealand History Online
2286:New Zealand History Online
2177:New Zealand History Online
2147:New Zealand History Online
1826:Michael King's account in
1599:Nga wai hono i te po Paki
1492:Te Atairangikaahu Hērangi
1098:The Kīngitanga has been a
1050:
1002:
964:
936:
918:at Ngāruawāhia. The first
843:
840:Te Rata Mahuta (1912–1933)
759:
573:
478:surveyor and a newspaper,
466:in April to deal with it.
428:
294:, and the largest of all,
3904:Māori Language Commission
3408:
3320:
3157:. Te Aka Māori Dictionary
2905:"Tuheitia new Maori king"
2262:Ferdinand von Hochstetter
1709:On the dexter side are a
1637:during the reign of King
1291:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1213:, in 2014 (Supreme Class)
1202:, in 2023 (Supreme Class)
975:Te Atairangikaahu in 1975
933:Koroki Mahuta (1933–1966)
408:
402:
278:
231:
121:
109:
101:
88:
79:
53:
42:
2119:A History of New Zealand
2117:Sinclair, Keith (2000).
2006:Foster, Bernard (1966).
687:north–south railway link
3970:Monarchy of New Zealand
1766:Invasion of the Waikato
1761:Flags of the Kīngitanga
1525:Pikimene Korokī Mahuta
1219:, in 2023 (First Class)
909:1918 influenza epidemic
406:(tribes), and used the
355:on the proclamation of
328:invasion of the Waikato
3914:Te Wiki o te Reo Māori
3909:Māori language revival
3478:Māori protest movement
3429:Māori migration canoes
3244:The New Zealand Herald
2910:The New Zealand Herald
1802:
1738:
1715:
1663:
1643:
1299:
1284:
1247:List of Māori monarchs
1189:
1153:, is held annually at
1025:
976:
948:
771:
682:
588:
523:
443:
439:The first Māori King,
416:
368:
360:
316:
270:New Zealand government
213:
144:
135:
116:Flag of the Kīngitanga
97:since 5 September 2024
61:
45:
3845:Representative teams
3325:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
3184:University of Waikato
3155:maoridictionary.co.nz
3151:"Paki o Matariki, Te"
2419:Dalton, B.J. (1967).
2093:Dalton, B.J. (1967).
1683:creation of the world
1328:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
1187:
1106:, the Kīngitanga and
1083:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
1012:
985:New Year Honours 1970
974:
946:
769:
674:
583:
513:
441:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
438:
431:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
425:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
394:Tamihana Te Rauparaha
366:
357:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
350:
255:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
169:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
3975:1850s in New Zealand
3360:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō
3117:"Te Paki-o-Matariki"
2442:The New Zealand Wars
2238:Te Puea: A Biography
1885:House of Wittelsbach
1776:Pei te Hurinui Jones
1059:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō
1053:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō
1034:Māori Honours System
999:Tūheitia (2006–2024)
850:Mahuta's eldest son
351:The flag hoisted at
259:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō
92:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō
3985:Māori King movement
3616:Tino rangatiratanga
3596:Māori King movement
2665:New Zealand Gazette
2345:"Vincent O'Malley,
1739:Ko te Mana Motuhake
1617:
1022:King of New Zealand
796:Legislative Council
610:invasion of Waikato
300:Tūrangawaewae Marae
208:Māori King movement
3671:Polynesian culture
3659:Ghosts and spirits
3473:Land confiscations
3456:Treaty of Waitangi
3003:. 21 August 2014.
2913:. 21 August 2006.
2855:on 6 February 2013
2740:. 30 August 2024.
2708:. 21 August 2014.
2684:The London Gazette
2613:on 7 November 2016
2361:on 3 February 2017
1982:. 1997. plate 36.
1873:Holy Roman Emperor
1744:spiritual prestige
1644:Te Paki-o-Matariki
1190:
1026:
991:to be appointed a
977:
949:
772:
736:Hāmiora Mangakāhia
683:
678:Te Paki o Matariki
605:Treaty of Waitangi
601:First Taranaki War
589:
531:chief and warlord
524:
504:Thomas Gore Browne
444:
369:
361:
165:First monarch
153:Heir apparent
62:Te Paki-o-Matariki
3932:
3931:
3591:Māori electorates
3368:
3367:
3350:Te Atairangikaahu
2706:Radio New Zealand
2607:NZ History Online
2260:German geologist
1893:House of Lorraine
1877:House of Habsburg
1752:
1751:
1608:
1607:
1593:5 September 2024
1590:
1554:
1516:
1511:Te Atairangikaahu
1480:
1447:24 November 1912
1444:
1408:
1372:
1333:
1303:
1288:
1270:
1224:The Order of the
967:Te Atairangikaahu
570:Matutaera Tāwhiao
564:Matutaera Tāwhiao
454:, a chief of the
204:
203:
200:of the Kīngitanga
69:of the Kīngitanga
16:(Redirected from
3992:
3919:Māori Television
3461:New Zealand Wars
3395:
3388:
3381:
3372:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3284:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3213:www.facebook.com
3207:(27 June 2016).
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3090:www.facebook.com
3084:(14 July 2020).
3078:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3026:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2973:. 20 June 2012.
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2943:. 20 June 2012.
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2796:. 16 August 2006
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2698:
2689:
2688:
2675:
2669:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2579:
2564:
2555:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2500:Redemption Songs
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2434:
2425:
2424:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2354:. Archived from
2353:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2278:
2269:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2230:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2114:
2099:
2098:
2090:
2065:
2064:
2047:Walker, Ranginui
2043:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1975:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1912:
1896:
1869:
1863:
1846:, Whanganui and
1824:
1818:
1806:. The preferred
1805:
1798:
1741:
1718:
1666:
1646:
1625:
1618:
1588:
1581:
1552:
1545:
1514:
1507:
1478:
1471:
1442:
1435:
1414:9 November 1912
1406:
1399:
1370:
1363:
1331:
1324:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1268:
1266:
1256:
1251:
1120:paramount chiefs
831:general election
711:Wiremu Te Wheoro
594:New Zealand Wars
419:
413:
412:
405:
404:
324:British monarchy
321:
281:
280:
236:
235:
216:
147:
140:
114:
94:
84:
64:
58:
49:
48:
38:
32:
21:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3924:Planetary names
3880:
3864:1888–89 Natives
3812:
3777:
3710:
3620:
3562:
3482:
3415:
3404:
3399:
3369:
3364:
3316:
3311:
3265:
3260:
3250:
3248:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3160:
3158:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3097:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3064:
3057:
3053:
3043:
3041:
3028:
3027:
3020:
3010:
3008:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2980:
2978:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2950:
2948:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2824:www.stuff.co.nz
2817:
2816:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2700:
2699:
2692:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2436:
2435:
2428:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2398:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2232:
2231:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2129:
2116:
2115:
2102:
2092:
2091:
2068:
2061:
2045:
2044:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1978:"Mana Whenua".
1977:
1976:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1870:
1866:
1840:Ngāti Kahungunu
1825:
1821:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1781:Te Whakakitenga
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3854:Rugby league
3791:Conservation
3773:Wood carving
3595:
3496:Conservation
3273:NZ On Screen
3249:. Retrieved
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3215:. Facebook.
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2879:TVNZ/Fairfax
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1946:"Governance"
1940:
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1919:
1910:
1867:
1860:Tainui canoe
1834:, Te Arawa,
1827:
1822:
1796:
1721:orchid tuber
1611:Coat of arms
1589:1997–present
1519:23 May 1966
1486:18 May 1966
1443:c. 1878–1933
1371:c. 1822–1894
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3980:Ngāruawāhia
3859:Rugby union
3746:Instruments
3446:Musket Wars
3277:Adobe Flash
3251:6 September
3205:Kiingitanga
3189:7 September
3161:5 September
3082:Kiingitanga
3044:1 September
3011:1 September
2849:Te Arataura
2829:4 September
2774:5 September
2748:5 September
2716:2 September
2679:"No. 45001"
1881:Charles VII
1836:Ngāti Porou
1808:orthography
1803:Kiingitanga
1746:set apart")
1706:Compartment
1566:Te Atawhai
1300:Kāhui Ariki
1285:Makau Ariki
1276:Birth name
1264:Regnal name
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1200:Charles III
1159:Ngāruawāhia
1151:Koroneihana
1113:Te Arataura
1104:Kauhanganui
1041:koroneihana
1018:Charles III
901:World War I
869:kauhanganui
827:Maui Pomare
806:epidemics,
723:Kauhanganui
614:George Grey
472:Ngāruawāhia
417:kotahitanga
353:Ngāruawāhia
304:Ngāruawāhia
292:Ngāti Porou
276:of several
239:New Zealand
137:Te Arikinui
3939:Categories
3808:Navigation
3691:Taha Māori
2648:21 October
2584:16 October
2397:0143018671
2365:3 February
2266:Neuseeland
1903:References
1725:nīkau palm
1688:Supporters
1674:Escutcheon
1456:Te Uranga
1336:June 1858
1075:Kīngitanga
1069:Succession
893:Queen Mary
860:rheumatism
782:, for the
732:Heretaunga
727:Maungakawa
552:Ngā Ruanui
548:Te Āti Awa
456:Ngāti Hauā
343:Background
261:, who was
251:alienation
214:Kīngitanga
3841:Mau rākau
3831:Kī-o-rahi
3763:Tattooing
3724:Kapa haka
3706:Whakapapa
3649:Mythology
3504:Australia
3500:Diaspora
2981:11 August
2951:11 August
2889:2 October
2800:16 August
2794:NZ Herald
2617:11 August
2538:11 August
2480:11 August
2329:11 August
2296:11 August
2187:11 August
2157:11 August
2024:11 August
1889:Francis I
1856:Maniapoto
1848:Ngāi Tahu
1553:1955–2024
1515:1931–2006
1479:1906–1966
1420:Te Marae
1332:died 1860
1279:Spouse(s)
1259:Portrait
1240:, in 2014
1234:, in 2014
1157:marae at
1145:Practices
1135:Northland
864:arthritis
808:influenza
637:Maniapoto
502:Governor
480:Te Hokioi
464:Rangiriri
194:Appointer
183:Residence
175:Formation
142:and then
75:Incumbent
35:Queen of
3886:Language
3876:Waka ama
3796:Kaitiaki
3768:Textiles
3676:Religion
3639:Funerals
3568:Politics
3548:Religion
3412:Aotearoa
3355:Tūheitia
3217:Archived
3129:Archived
3094:Archived
3038:Archived
3005:Archived
2975:Archived
2945:Archived
2915:Archived
2742:Archived
2737:RNZ News
2710:Archived
2668:1 at 15.
2642:Archived
2575:Archived
2532:Archived
2498:(1995).
2474:Archived
2440:(1986).
2406:54853114
2386:(2003).
2323:Archived
2290:Archived
2236:(1977).
2181:Archived
2151:Archived
2049:(1990).
2018:Archived
1954:Archived
1924:Archived
1844:Taranaki
1755:See also
1701:sinister
1695:side is
1669:Pleiades
1664:Matariki
1649:Matariki
1596:present
1346:Whakaawi
1226:Taniwhaa
1030:Tūheitia
1014:Tūheitia
1005:Tūheitia
889:George V
885:shilling
696:Pirongia
654:Te Kooti
622:Auckland
392:convert
227:movement
159:elective
145:Te Kuīni
18:Arikinui
3849:Cricket
3836:Tapu ae
3783:Science
3758:Pounamu
3654:Deities
3634:Cuisine
3626:Culture
3488:Society
3441:Moriori
3421:History
3340:Te Rata
3330:Tāwhiao
3223:29 June
3135:29 June
3100:29 June
3034:Newshub
1852:Waikato
1832:Ngāpuhi
1828:Te Puea
1810:of the
1691:On the
1639:Tāwhiao
1024:in 2023
852:Te Rata
846:Te Rata
812:measles
804:typhoid
700:fantail
650:Ringatū
645:seizure
585:Tāwhiao
576:Tāwhiao
410:rūnanga
389:runanga
338:History
296:Ngāpuhi
263:elected
247:monarch
222:, is a
126:Details
3753:Poetry
3558:Whānau
3521:Hauora
3466:Kūpapa
3345:Korokī
2921:5 July
2859:6 July
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1960:15 May
1930:15 May
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641:aukati
520:Tainui
382:Pākehā
318:Pākehā
284:Tainui
157:None;
3818:Sport
3801:Rāhui
3741:Music
3536:Marae
3402:Māori
3070:image
3059:image
2769:Stuff
2578:(PDF)
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1788:Notes
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2891:2013
2861:2012
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2802:2006
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2650:2013
2619:2019
2586:2013
2540:2019
2504:ISBN
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2446:ISBN
2402:OCLC
2392:ISBN
2367:2016
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2123:ISBN
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2026:2019
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