529:. The evolution of vertical feeding zones (feeding strategies subdividing into vertical space, e.g. upper, mid- and ground canopy) is noted among the Artamidae. While species will sometimes overlap vertical terrains, most woodswallows use the upper canopy, feeding on insects and pollen, while magpies and currawongs tend to use the ground or swoop down from the mid-story pouncing on their food. Being accomplished in extractive foraging is another trait of the Artamidae; although they are opportunistic feeders they are very methodical foragers, often following a set routine.
1310:
307:. The family Artamidae has been divided over time into two subfamilies. With few studies and dispute on the inclusion of Cracticidae within the family Artamidae, it appears they have been placed in this respective joint position due to lack of evidence or knowledge. Jerome Fuchs and colleagues extensively analysed both the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA of the artamid family. The results suggested that the group may have existed in Australasia for 33.7 to 45 million years, dating back to the late
370:, moving around in response to changes in climate such as rainfall or temperature. The range of habitats occupied varies between species, but many species are ecological generalists, and can be found in a variety of different habitats including rainforest, woodland, coastal scrub, watercourses, playing fields, pastoral land and paperbarks. Some species have adapted to urban landscapes where they contend with fragmented and degraded remnants of native vegetation.
550:. This loss of habitat reduces vegetation corridors (connective parcels of vegetation) that are used for feeding, breeding and safely travelling. After fragmentation, habitats are often too small or are limited by the construction of roads. These barriers cause population stresses and species can become vulnerable to localised extinction. Habitat loss and fragmentation can force species into urbanised habitats that impose their own dangers such as cars.
127:
487:
during cooler weather and as a social form of camouflage. Another unusual behaviour exhibited by an artamid is the swooping on humans by
Australian magpies. While there is not much information on this behaviour, previous studies have suggested that magpie attacks on humans may be strongly influenced by hormone levels. For example, recent investigations indicate that the stress hormone corticosterone may cause magpie aggression and swooping.
479:
379:
102:
284:, containing only the woodswallows, but it was expanded to include the family Cracticidae in 1994. Some authors, however, still treat the two as separate families. Some species in this family are known for their beautiful song. Their feeding habits vary from nectar sucking (woodswallows) to predation on small birds (pied currawong).
486:
Members of the
Artamidae, especially the woodswallows, have been known to cluster together during the night and day. Accounts have appeared in literature from the earliest days of ornithological documentation in Australia. The habit of clustering is believed to serve two purposes: retaining body heat
495:
All are omnivorous to some degree: the butcherbirds mostly eat meat; Australian magpies usually forage through short grass looking for worms and other small creatures; currawongs are true omnivores, taking fruit, grain, meat, insects, eggs and nestlings; and woodswallows feed on insects and nectar.
422:
possess a sharp projection along the upper mandible, with a corresponding notch on the lower mandible. This hook-like tooth is used to catch and fatally sever the bodies of insects, lizards and small mammals. A trait of artamids (and all passerines) is that they possess an
986:
Cracraft, Joel, Barker F. Keith, Braun, Michael, Harshman, John, Dyke, Gareth J., Feinstein, Julie, Stanley, Scott, Cibois, Alice, Schikler, Peter, Beresford, Pamela, García-Moreno, Jaime, Sorenson, Michael D., Yuri, Tamaki, Mindell, David P. (2004).
1016:
Fuchs, Jérôme; Irestedt, Martin; Fjeldså, Jon; Coulouxe, Arnaud; Pasquet, Eric; Bowie, Rauri C.K. (2012). "Molecular phylogeny of
African bush-shrikes and allies: tracing the biogeographic history of an explosive radiation of corvoid birds".
554:
is considered to contribute significantly to the population decline of many bird species, especially opportunistic feeders like the
Artimidae, which often unconsciously swoop down on an insect without seeing an oncoming car.
567:
have caused the greatest number of extinctions. Exotic feral animals such as cats can have a negative effect on artamids. Ground-foraging species such as the magpie often fall prey to cats in urban environments.
466:, a fused vertebra of the shoulder in birds that helps brace the chest against the forces generated by the wings, is a distinctive osteological trait that has evolved repeatedly in the
462:
in plumage, but when it occurs the males are brighter and the females appear dull or resemble juveniles. In many species juveniles have a distinctly duller plumage. The
250:
birds found in
Australia, the Indo-Pacific region, and Southern Asia. It includes 24 extant species in six genera and three subfamilies: Peltopsinae (with one genus,
1819:
Kearns, Anna; Joseph, Leo; Cook, Lyn G. (2013). "A Multilocus
Coalescent Analysis of the Speciational History of the Australo-Papuan Butcherbirds and their Allies".
427:
foot arrangement: three toes are directed forward and one toe directed backward, enabling them to perch on horizontal objects such as tree branches and power lines.
1981:
515:. Bigger species such as the grey currawong prey on many vertebrates, including frogs, lizards such as skinks, and juveniles of smaller birds such as the native
2020:
1955:
1125:
1994:
1052:
Nguyen JM, Worthy TH, Boles WE, Hand SJ, Archer M (2013). "A new cracticid (Passeriformes: Cracticidae) from the Early
Miocene of Australia".
1773:
1559:
1532:
1507:
1482:
1236:
1202:
1135:
1108:
1000:
913:
458:
of the artamids is relatively dull, most birds showing a combination of greys, earthy browns, blacks and patches of white. There is seldom
1098:
1097:
Rowley, Ian; Russell, Eleanor (2009). "Family
Artamidae (Woodswallows)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David (eds.).
2107:
1583:
366:. While some species are sedentary, staying close to suburbia and ample food sources, others are migratory or even nomadic like the
2112:
2069:
967:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. p. 158.
1999:
1646:
1472:
1152:
2007:
404:, both of which are around 19 centimetres (7.5 in) in length and weigh about 40 grams (1.4 oz), to the larger
1916:
1903:
390:
Artamids are a diverse family showing a notable variation in size and shape. They range in size from the short stocky
2025:
1789:
988:
820:
359:
303:, a lineage which is widespread through Australasia and consists of a vast diversity of omnivorous and carnivorous
126:
671:
446:
are particularly notable. Uniquely among other perching birds, some woodswallows possess special feathers called
1153:"Adapting to suburbia: Bird ecology on an urban-bushland interface in Perth, Western Australia [online]"
903:
1268:
847:
829:
802:
680:
496:
Most are opportunistic feeders, such as the woodswallows, taking advantage of the flowering plants such as the
1392:
1172:
1416:"Attacks on humans by Australian magpies (Cracticus tibicen): territoriality, brood-defence or testosterone?"
929:
856:
293:
203:
2102:
1856:
1921:
2056:
1373:
547:
431:
2074:
2035:
1942:
1609:
1427:
1063:
1757:
543:
2097:
1453:
1365:
1291:
1079:
874:
838:
707:
698:
576:
There are three subfamilies with six genera and 24 species. In 2013 a molecular study showed the
564:
367:
121:
2061:
454:, which appear as a powder, or "feather dust", among the feathers and spread when preening. The
322:
from the Early
Miocene at Riversleigh in central Queensland. It was around the same size as the
2043:
1929:
1836:
1769:
1761:
1709:
1627:
1579:
1555:
1528:
1503:
1478:
1232:
1198:
1131:
1104:
1034:
996:
909:
865:
811:
643:
626:
577:
516:
512:
459:
443:
383:
355:
323:
277:
1986:
1549:
2117:
2048:
1828:
1699:
1691:
1658:
1617:
1443:
1435:
1355:
1322:
1283:
1164:
1071:
1026:
968:
945:
793:
784:
689:
662:
595:
450:. The tips of the barbules on powder down feathers disintegrate, forming fine particles of
435:
398:
391:
363:
243:
109:
989:"Phylogenetic relationships among modern birds (Neornithes): toward an avian tree of life"
751:
604:
319:
1894:
1766:
The Howard & Moore
Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, Volume 2: Passerines
411:, which measures up to 50 cm (20 in) and weighs up to 440 g (16 oz).
1647:"Distribution and abundance of roadkill on Tasmanian highways: human management options"
1613:
1431:
1067:
478:
414:
The beaks of artamids are strong and robust, sometimes known as a generalist beak. Like
1704:
1679:
949:
760:
742:
542:
With developments occurring more regularly the most critical threat to the artamids is
439:
405:
300:
297:
188:
934:"Observations on the natural affinities that connect the orders and families of birds"
378:
2091:
1622:
1597:
1054:
523:
59:
1457:
1415:
1369:
1083:
1793:
933:
1934:
1908:
1598:"Experimental evidence for extreme dispersal limitation in tropical forest birds"
1100:
Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows
2012:
1968:
1888:
1832:
1377:
1030:
447:
424:
419:
273:
265:
229:
224:
34:
720:
467:
351:
314:
101:
79:
44:
1879:
1414:
Warne, Rowena M.; Jones, Darryl N. & Astheimer, Lee B. (September 2010).
1256:(second ed.). Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. p. 55 (Glossary).
656:
497:
347:
346:
Artamid species occur throughout Australasia with most species occurring in
334:
304:
281:
269:
257:
247:
219:
178:
138:
84:
1840:
1713:
1695:
1631:
1360:
1343:
1038:
1873:
736:
551:
463:
328:
158:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
1448:
1311:"Pathways to elaboration of sexual dimorphism in bird plumage patterns"
1295:
1217:
Stefoff, Rebecca (2008). "The Bird Class", Marshall Cavendish Benchmark
778:
589:
455:
451:
261:
252:
89:
64:
1393:"Observations of the clustering of little wood-swallows Artamus minor"
1327:
1973:
1168:
415:
308:
148:
1960:
1850:
1680:"The loss of anti-predator behaviour following isolation on islands"
1663:
1439:
1287:
1075:
972:
1731:
477:
377:
1684:
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences
1252:
Podulka, Sandy; Rohrbaugh, Ronald W.; Bonney, Rick, eds. (2003).
995:. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 468–89.
168:
1854:
1551:
Australian Magpie: Biology and Behaviour of an Unusual Songbird
1768:(4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. pp. 205–208.
1947:
1794:"Bristlehead, Butcherbirds, Woodswallows & Cuckooshrikes"
1344:"Repeated evolution of fused thoracic vertebrae in songbirds"
354:. The social interactions of artamids vary from the solitary
511:
spp. or insects such as cockroaches or spiders eaten by the
292:
The family Artamidae was introduced by the Irish zoologist
1397:
Sunbird: Journal of the Queensland Ornithological Society
434:, artamids are able to create subtle songs; those of the
1596:
Moore R.; Robinson W.; Lovette I.; Robinson T. (2008).
1193:
Ferguson-Lees, James; Christie, David A. (2001-01-01).
1269:"A new genus and species of Cotinga from eastern Peru"
965:
History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names
1863:
1130:. Melbourne: Dorling Kindersley. pp. 330–337.
1645:Hobday Alistair J.; Minstrell Melinda L. (1998).
580:to be the sister taxon to the black butcherbird.
1477:. Melbourne: CSIROPublishing. pp. 345–350.
358:, which lives alone or in a single pair, to the
1527:. Melbourne University Press. pp. 364–66.
1103:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 286–307.
1725:
1723:
1525:The Food of Australian Birds: (II) Passerines
1231:. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 226–227.
938:Transactions of the Linnean Society of London
902:Les Christidis & Walter E. Boles (2008).
8:
1502:. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing. p. 199.
905:Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds
482:Black-faced woodswallows roosting as a group
1227:Howley, Ian (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
1851:
318:is a fossil species known from a proximal
100:
20:
1703:
1662:
1621:
1447:
1359:
1326:
1315:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1736:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
1197:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 66.
1127:Nature Guide (Smithsonian Nature Guides)
1523:Barker, R.D.; Vestjens, W.J.M. (1984).
1151:Davis, R.A. & Wilcox, J.A. (2013).
894:
296:in 1825. The artamids are part of the
1821:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1800:. International Ornithologists' Union
1578:. W.H Freeman and Company, New York.
1019:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
991:. In Cracraft J, Donoghue MJ (eds.).
7:
2036:e54ff522-1f32-4313-8e88-ddefc3c8af75
507:, and the long flowering stalks of
1267:Lowery Jr. GH; JP O'Neill (1966).
950:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1823.tb00098.x
14:
1254:Home Study Course in Bird Biology
908:. CSIRO Publishing. p. 174.
362:, which lives in flocks or loose
1678:Blumstein D.; Daniel J. (2005).
1623:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01196.x
1554:. CSIRO PUBLISHING. p. 86.
1500:Mistletoes of Southern Australia
470:including the family Artamidae.
326:and had features in common with
125:
1792:; Donsker, David, eds. (2017).
1732:"Taxonomic structure and notes"
1229:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
260:(with one genus containing the
1:
1309:Gluckman, Thahn-Ian (2014).
1157:Pacific Conservation Biology
520:Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris
1833:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.020
1798:World Bird List Version 7.3
1031:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.007
993:Assembling the tree of life
2134:
1474:Food of Australian Birds 2
821:White-breasted woodswallow
360:white-breasted woodswallow
672:Silver-backed butcherbird
216:
211:
122:Scientific classification
120:
108:
99:
23:
2108:Australasian realm fauna
1730:del Hoyo, Joseph (ed.).
963:Bock, Walter J. (1994).
930:Vigors, Nicholas Aylward
848:White-browed woodswallow
830:White-backed woodswallow
803:Ivory-backed woodswallow
681:Black-backed butcherbird
418:, some of the subfamily
342:Distribution and habitat
288:Taxonomy and systematics
2113:Indomalayan realm fauna
1548:Kaplan, Gisela (2004).
1403:(3). Queensland: 59–64.
857:Black-faced woodswallow
712:Cracticus louisiadensis
617:Subfamily Cracticinae:
584:Subfamily Peltopsinae:
430:Because they possess a
294:Nicholas Aylward Vigors
280:). Artamids used to be
1696:10.1098/rspb.2005.3147
1498:Watson, David (2011).
1361:10.1525/auk.2009.08194
1124:Burnie, David (2012).
694:Cracticus nigrogularis
483:
387:
114:Cracticus nigrogularis
2057:Paleobiology Database
1471:Barker, R.D. (1990).
852:Artamus superciliosus
773:Subfamily Artaminae:
548:habitat fragmentation
481:
381:
1342:James, H.F. (2009).
1195:Raptors of the World
825:Artamus leucorynchus
409:Strepera versicolour
386:showing its plumage.
30:Early Miocene–Recent
1690:(1573): 1663–1668.
1614:2008EcolL..11..960M
1432:2010EmuAO.110..332W
1391:Wood, V.J. (1970).
1068:2013EmuAO.113..374N
870:Artamus cyanopterus
765:Strepera versicolor
756:Strepera fuliginosa
676:Cracticus argenteus
667:Cracticus torquatus
609:Peltops blainvillii
544:habitat destruction
875:Little woodswallow
843:Artamus personatus
839:Masked woodswallow
747:Strepera graculina
708:Tagula butcherbird
703:Cracticus cassicus
699:Hooded butcherbird
685:Cracticus mentalis
648:Gymnorhina tibicen
565:introduced species
559:Introduced species
522:or the introduced
484:
388:
368:masked woodswallow
2085:
2084:
2044:Open Tree of Life
1857:Taxon identifiers
1775:978-0-9568611-2-2
1651:Wildlife Research
1574:Gill, F. (1995).
1561:978-0-643-09068-2
1534:978-0-643-05115-7
1509:978-0-643-10083-1
1484:978-0-643-05115-7
1328:10.1111/bij.12211
1238:978-1-85391-186-6
1204:978-0-7136-8026-3
1137:978-0-7566-9041-0
1110:978-84-96553-50-7
1002:978-0-19-517234-8
915:978-0-643-06511-6
866:Dusky woodswallow
812:Great woodswallow
644:Australian magpie
627:Black butcherbird
578:Australian magpie
527:Passer domesticus
517:eastern spinebill
513:black butcherbird
501:Grevillea robusta
460:sexual dimorphism
444:Australian magpie
384:Australian Magpie
356:black butcherbird
324:black butcherbird
278:Australian magpie
237:
236:
207:
2125:
2078:
2077:
2065:
2064:
2052:
2051:
2039:
2038:
2029:
2028:
2016:
2015:
2013:NHMSYS0021252659
2003:
2002:
1990:
1989:
1977:
1976:
1964:
1963:
1951:
1950:
1938:
1937:
1925:
1924:
1912:
1911:
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1411:
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1339:
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1306:
1300:
1299:
1273:
1264:
1258:
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1243:
1242:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1171:. Archived from
1169:10.1071/PC130110
1148:
1142:
1141:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1013:
1007:
1006:
983:
977:
976:
960:
954:
953:
926:
920:
919:
899:
861:Artamus cinereus
834:Artamus insignis
807:Artamus monachus
798:Artamus mentalis
794:Fiji woodswallow
785:Ashy woodswallow
724:(Early Miocene)
690:Pied butcherbird
663:Grey butcherbird
600:Peltops montanus
596:Mountain peltops
503:, box mistletoe
491:Diet and feeding
436:pied butcherbird
399:ashy woodswallow
395:Artamus mentalis
392:Fiji woodswallow
276:, including the
202:
130:
129:
110:Pied butcherbird
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2073:
2068:
2060:
2055:
2047:
2042:
2034:
2032:
2024:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1998:
1993:
1985:
1980:
1972:
1967:
1959:
1954:
1946:
1941:
1933:
1928:
1920:
1915:
1907:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1859:
1849:
1848:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1764:, eds. (2014).
1758:Dickinson, E.C.
1756:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1738:. Lynx Edicions
1729:
1728:
1721:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1664:10.1071/wr08067
1644:
1643:
1639:
1602:Ecology Letters
1595:
1594:
1590:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1440:10.1071/MU10027
1413:
1412:
1408:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1288:10.2307/4082975
1271:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1178:
1176:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1076:10.1071/MU13017
1051:
1050:
1046:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1003:
985:
984:
980:
962:
961:
957:
928:
927:
923:
916:
901:
900:
896:
891:
816:Artamus maximus
752:Black currawong
605:Lowland peltops
574:
561:
540:
535:
505:Amyema miquelii
493:
476:
376:
344:
320:tarsometatarsus
290:
201:
124:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
16:Family of birds
12:
11:
5:
2131:
2129:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2066:
2053:
2040:
2030:
2017:
2004:
1991:
1978:
1965:
1952:
1939:
1926:
1913:
1900:
1885:
1869:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1847:
1846:
1811:
1781:
1774:
1762:Christidis, L.
1749:
1719:
1670:
1637:
1608:(9): 960–968.
1588:
1567:
1560:
1540:
1533:
1515:
1508:
1490:
1483:
1463:
1426:(4): 332–338.
1406:
1383:
1354:(4): 862–872.
1334:
1321:(2): 262–273.
1301:
1259:
1244:
1237:
1219:
1210:
1203:
1185:
1163:(2): 110–120.
1143:
1136:
1116:
1109:
1089:
1062:(4): 374–382.
1044:
1008:
1001:
978:
955:
944:(3): 395–517.
921:
914:
893:
892:
890:
887:
886:
885:
884:
883:
882:
881:
872:
863:
854:
845:
836:
827:
818:
809:
800:
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789:Artamus fuscus
771:
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769:
768:
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761:Grey currawong
758:
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743:Pied currawong
732:
731:
730:
728:K. johnnguyeni
716:
715:
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611:
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570:
560:
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539:
536:
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440:pied currawong
406:grey currawong
402:Artamus fuscus
375:
372:
343:
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301:Malaconotoidea
289:
286:
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189:Malaconotoidea
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563:In Australia
558:
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524:house sparrow
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185:Superfamily:
184:
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179:Passeriformes
177:
174:
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167:
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1173:the original
1160:
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638:
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621:
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575:
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541:
538:Habitat loss
526:
519:
509:Xanthorrhoea
508:
504:
500:
494:
485:
429:
413:
408:
401:
394:
389:
345:
333:
327:
313:
312:
291:
274:butcherbirds
262:woodswallows
251:
239:
238:
212:Subfamilies
198:
113:
18:
1969:iNaturalist
1889:Wikispecies
1790:Gill, Frank
1742:1 September
1576:Ornithology
1449:10072/36908
448:powder down
425:anisodactyl
420:Cracticinae
298:superfamily
266:Cracticinae
230:Peltopsinae
225:Cracticinae
2092:Categories
1804:5 December
1657:(7): 712.
1282:(1): 1–9.
1179:2016-09-16
889:References
721:Kurrartapu
639:Gymnorhina
468:passerines
374:Morphology
352:New Guinea
315:Kurrartapu
270:currawongs
2098:Artamidae
1909:Artamidae
1895:Artamidae
1865:Artamidae
1378:196455823
657:Cracticus
498:silky oak
474:Behaviour
348:Australia
335:Cracticus
305:songbirds
282:monotypic
258:Artaminae
248:passerine
240:Artamidae
220:Artaminae
199:Artamidae
145:Kingdom:
139:Eukaryota
24:Artamidae
1874:Wikidata
1841:23219707
1714:16087420
1632:18513315
1458:84729525
1374:ProQuest
1370:59479186
1084:85069421
1039:22475817
973:2246/830
932:(1825).
737:Strepera
622:Melloria
552:Roadkill
464:notarium
442:and the
397:and the
364:colonies
329:Strepera
195:Family:
159:Chordata
155:Phylum:
149:Animalia
135:Domain:
2118:Passeri
2075:1459914
2026:2169681
1880:Q842378
1705:1559846
1610:Bibcode
1428:Bibcode
1348:The Auk
1296:4082975
1276:The Auk
1064:Bibcode
779:Artamus
718:†Genus
590:Peltops
572:Species
533:Threats
456:plumage
452:keratin
416:falcons
253:Peltops
175:Order:
165:Class:
2062:369384
2049:464862
2033:NZOR:
2000:179659
1987:109374
1922:119443
1839:
1772:
1712:
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776:Genus
734:Genus
654:Genus
637:Genus
620:Genus
587:Genus
438:, the
432:syrinx
309:Eocene
264:) and
244:family
206:, 1825
204:Vigors
2070:WoRMS
1982:IRMNG
1974:71296
1454:S2CID
1366:S2CID
1292:JSTOR
1272:(PDF)
1080:S2CID
242:is a
2021:NCBI
1995:ITIS
1961:9276
1956:GBIF
1948:7570
1917:BOLD
1837:PMID
1806:2017
1770:ISBN
1744:2019
1710:PMID
1628:PMID
1580:ISBN
1556:ISBN
1529:ISBN
1504:ISBN
1479:ISBN
1233:ISBN
1199:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1105:ISBN
1035:PMID
997:ISBN
910:ISBN
546:and
382:The
350:and
332:and
272:and
169:Aves
35:PreꞒ
2008:NBN
1943:EoL
1935:6R5
1930:CoL
1904:AFD
1829:doi
1700:PMC
1692:doi
1688:272
1659:doi
1618:doi
1444:hdl
1436:doi
1424:110
1420:Emu
1356:doi
1352:126
1323:doi
1319:111
1284:doi
1165:doi
1072:doi
1060:113
1055:Emu
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969:hdl
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