301:
the task of proving God's constant guidance, he declares in book iii that the misery of the Roman world is all due to the neglect of God's commandments and the terrible sins of every class of society. It is not merely that slaves and servants are thieves and runaways, wine-bibbers and gluttons – the
334:. The French historian Jean Trithemié was famous for a nationalist view of the "Bagaudae" by arguing that they were an expression of national identity among the Gallic peasants, who sought to overthrow oppressive Roman rule and realize the eternal "French" values of
252:
got mercy for the
Bagaudae but they later revolted again under a leader called Tibatto. They are also mentioned around the same time in the province of Macedonia, the only time they emerge in the Eastern Empire, which may be connected with economic hardships under
181:, "simple farmers sought military garb; the plowman imitated the infantryman, the shepherd the cavalryman, the rustic harvester of his own crops the barbarian enemy". In fact they shared several similar characteristics with the Germanic
2565:
322:
revolt, but the sparsity of information in the texts gives that little substance although there may well have been many
Christians among them. In general, they seem to have been equal parts of brigands and insurgents.
114:
came to the full attention of the central authorities around 284 AD, the re-establishment of the settled social order was swift and severe: the peasant insurgents were crushed in 286 AD by the Caesar
84:, from the official Imperial viewpoint, as "bands of brigands who roamed the countryside looting and pillaging". J. C. S. LĂ©on interprets the most completely assembled documentation and identifies the
2558:
60:
The invasions, military anarchy, and disorders of the third century provided a chaotic and ongoing degradation of the regional power structure within a declining Empire. During the chaos, the
2881:
2551:
88:
as impoverished local free peasants, reinforced by brigands, runaway slaves and deserters from the legions, who were trying to resist the ruthless labor exploitation of the late Roman
721:
2886:
2831:
522:
follows him, but there is no reason to accept
Isidore over Hydatius and every reason not to, when considering that Isidore neglects to mention the Bagaudae at all in his
2826:
147:" and most likely rebelled against the grinding taxation and garnishing of their lands, harvests, and manpower by the predatory agents of the late Roman state (see
318:
has varied with the uses made of them in historicised narratives of the Late Roman Empire and the Middle Ages. There has been some speculation that theirs was a
608:
2896:
1150:
1192:
1180:
1239:
1155:
2785:
335:
2527:
1165:
189:), emphasising that while they were technically Imperial farmers and citizens, they were also marauding rogues who had become foes to the Empire.
2605:
2655:
2472:
1160:
894:
376:
2442:
1267:
794:
2866:
2645:
2532:
2407:
1560:
2735:
260:
By the middle of the fifth century they started to appear in
Hispania too, and are mentioned in control of parts of central Gaul and the
2876:
1113:
2836:
784:
2452:
1212:
779:
774:
750:
601:
2745:
2467:
1140:
789:
716:
209:, his subsequent betrayal by court rivals forced him into rebellion and his work was undone. In around 360 AD the historian
2901:
2851:
2846:
2841:
733:
666:
471:
in the Greek and Latin sense simply means a wielder of unauthorised power, without the connotations that it has since accrued.
2861:
2821:
2680:
1487:
1412:
1170:
2740:
2705:
2610:
1983:
232:, circa 409–417 AD, fighting various armies sent against them by the last seriously effective Western Roman general,
2715:
2775:
2640:
1823:
1427:
879:
594:
2522:
2447:
2206:
1262:
1145:
691:
42:
38:
438:
M.-Cl. L'Huillier, "Notes sur la disparition des sanctuaires paĂŻens" in
Marguerite Garrido-Hory, Antonio Gonzalèz,
2482:
2146:
2038:
1808:
1580:
1402:
1310:
1175:
1118:
2871:
2795:
2760:
2750:
2700:
2660:
2502:
1595:
1550:
1477:
1397:
1345:
1335:
1287:
634:
2891:
2856:
2103:
2013:
1522:
1502:
1497:
1482:
1435:
1375:
1330:
1132:
2650:
2800:
2780:
2690:
2665:
2574:
2512:
2492:
2432:
2422:
2412:
1818:
1507:
1407:
1387:
1302:
1292:
997:
937:
629:
581:
Los bagaudas: rebeldes, demonios, mártires. Revueltas campesinas en Galia e
Hispania durante el Bajo Imperio
371:
2755:
2695:
2517:
2507:
2457:
2437:
2251:
2226:
2191:
2073:
1798:
1445:
1207:
738:
341:
2765:
2595:
2487:
2417:
2241:
1993:
1793:
1788:
1585:
1492:
1417:
1380:
1365:
1340:
1320:
1222:
2543:
2497:
2462:
2151:
2141:
2018:
1918:
1843:
1708:
1671:
1047:
711:
99:
2916:
2725:
2625:
2427:
2276:
2078:
1948:
1898:
1217:
814:
249:
170:
416:
Delamarre, Xavier, Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise, 2nd ed., Editions
Errance, 2003, pp. 63–64.
2906:
2685:
2600:
2477:
2201:
2008:
1863:
1803:
1723:
1666:
1530:
766:
745:
507:
2675:
2116:
2911:
2770:
2111:
1963:
1718:
1678:
1656:
864:
233:
206:
164:
302:
rich are much worse (iv. 3); it is their harshness and greed that drive the poor to join the
2635:
2176:
2136:
2068:
2003:
1928:
1923:
1695:
1618:
1565:
1360:
1355:
1244:
1103:
1052:
1012:
982:
977:
972:
962:
884:
831:
824:
809:
804:
728:
656:
519:
289:
That the depredations of the ruling classes were mostly responsible for the uprising of the
132:
92:
77:
2271:
2083:
2063:
2023:
1958:
1908:
1903:
1778:
1728:
1636:
1470:
1450:
1370:
819:
644:
361:
210:
128:
98:
and military systems, and all manner of punitive laws and levies in the marginal areas of
2326:
1968:
1703:
1651:
1623:
1570:
1555:
1535:
1350:
1325:
1282:
1272:
1098:
1072:
1002:
987:
952:
912:
673:
349:
198:
64:
achieved some temporary and scattered successes under the leadership of members of the
31:
2815:
2620:
1858:
1828:
1743:
1277:
1254:
1067:
922:
907:
854:
661:
331:
2336:
2196:
1641:
1590:
1545:
1540:
1392:
1202:
1088:
1032:
1027:
917:
799:
683:
617:
319:
225:
34:
2670:
2131:
1753:
1575:
1465:
859:
149:
140:
95:
2790:
2730:
2356:
2296:
2261:
2053:
1988:
1978:
1873:
1758:
1646:
1229:
1197:
942:
869:
701:
696:
124:
65:
440:
Histoire, espaces et marges de l'antiquité: hommages à Monique Clavel-Lévêque
2720:
2615:
2590:
2386:
2381:
2341:
2266:
2236:
2216:
2093:
2033:
1943:
1893:
1888:
1813:
1773:
1661:
1631:
1440:
1315:
1108:
992:
967:
846:
381:
366:
282:
155:
120:
89:
54:
562:. 2 vols. (Paris: Les séries historiques, Ecole anormale supérieure), 1873.
53:. They were affected by the depredations of the late Roman state, wealthy
2710:
2346:
2331:
2321:
2306:
2221:
2211:
2181:
2171:
2166:
2156:
2058:
1973:
1853:
1838:
1768:
1748:
1738:
1733:
1713:
1093:
1057:
947:
874:
706:
265:
254:
245:
229:
202:
178:
144:
116:
50:
205:. Although Imperial control was re-established by the Frankish general
2630:
2366:
2361:
2351:
2316:
2311:
2301:
2246:
2231:
2048:
2043:
2028:
1998:
1953:
1933:
1913:
1868:
1600:
1455:
1234:
1042:
1037:
927:
511:
294:
273:
27:
586:
2376:
2256:
2186:
2126:
2121:
2088:
1848:
1833:
1783:
1763:
1185:
1062:
957:
348:(1952) portrayed this rural discontent within the context of Marxist
182:
46:
2161:
1883:
1610:
902:
269:
237:
197:
The phenomenon recurred in the mid-fourth century in the reign of
293:
was not lost on the fifth-century writer of historicised polemic
2371:
1938:
1878:
1460:
836:
261:
241:
2547:
590:
932:
286:, a unique alliance between Germanic ruler and rebel peasant.
306:
and flee for shelter to the barbarian invaders (v. 5 and 6).
185:
people. Mamertinus also called them "two-shaped monsters" (
177:
uprisings of 284–285 AD in the districts around
217:
in the peripheries of the larger towns and walled cities.
553:
Romans and
Barbarians: The Decline of the Western Empire
427:
In Praise of Later Roman
Emperors: The Panegyrici Latini
326:
In the second half of the 19th century, interest in the
16:
Groups of peasant insurgents in the later Roman Empire
518:
with whom
Rechiar allied, but rather the Visigoths.
2575:
Peasant revolts in medieval and early modern Europe
2395:
2289:
2102:
1694:
1687:
1609:
1521:
1426:
1301:
1253:
1131:
1081:
1020:
1011:
893:
845:
765:
682:
643:
560:
Les Bagaudes et les origines de la nation française
537:
Les Bagaudes et les origines de la nation française
68:as well as former members of local ruling elites.
555:. (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press) 1982.
276:(died 456 AD), took up as allies the local
2882:Organizations disestablished in the 5th century
45:, particularly in the less-Romanised areas of
2559:
602:
8:
2887:Organizations established in the 3rd century
139:proposes that the two belonged to the local
2832:450s disestablishments in the Roman Empire
2566:
2552:
2544:
1691:
1017:
649:
609:
595:
587:
213:is the sole writer to note the attacks of
169:, dating to 289 AD and attributed to
244:to try and suppress a Bacaudic revolt in
201:, in conjunction with an invasion of the
2827:280s establishments in the Roman Empire
392:
30:insurgents in the western parts of the
574:Les sources de l'histoire des Bagaudes
377:Popular revolt in late medieval Europe
330:revived, resonating with contemporary
76:The name probably means "fighters" in
7:
2646:Funen and Jutland Peasant rebellions
236:. Aetius used federates such as the
2897:Rebellions against the Roman Empire
2656:John and William Merfold's uprising
2596:Rebellions of Basil the Copper Hand
484:3.16, noted by L'Huillier 2005:290.
2786:Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan
2606:Peasant revolt in Flanders 1323–28
399:J. F. Drinkwater, reviewing LĂ©on,
297:; setting himself in the treatise
143:landowning class who then became "
14:
336:liberty, equality and brotherhood
135:, although E.M. Wightman, in her
127:. Their leaders are mentioned as
442:, (series Histoire et Politique
280:in ravaging the remaining Roman
123:under the aegis of the Augustus
80:. C. E. V. Nixon assesses the
2736:Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt
2716:Peasants' Rebellion in Telemark
2746:Peasants' War in Upper Austria
2681:Slovene peasant revolt of 1515
1:
41:and persisted until the very
2776:Dalecarlian Rebellion (1743)
2641:Transylvanian peasant revolt
1181:Frontiers and fortifications
2867:Crisis of the Third Century
2741:Ivan Bolotnikov's Rebellion
2706:Skipper Clement's Rebellion
2626:Peasants' Revolt in England
2611:St. George's Night Uprising
1240:Decorations and punishments
514:, believed that it was not
224:are noted initially in the
39:Crisis of the Third Century
2933:
2877:Insurgent groups in Europe
2147:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
722:historiography of the fall
173:, relates that during the
2837:3rd century in Roman Gaul
2761:Swiss peasant war of 1653
2751:Kostka-Napierski Uprising
2661:Carinthian Peasant Revolt
2581:
2528:External wars and battles
652:
625:
43:end of the Western Empire
459:(London: Batsford) 1985.
2666:Friulian Revolt of 1511
2523:Roman–Iranian relations
998:Optimates and populares
579:LĂ©on, J. C. S. (1996).
572:LĂ©on, J. C. S. (1996).
372:List of peasant revolts
37:, who arose during the
2902:Spain in the Roman era
2852:5th-century rebellions
2847:4th-century rebellions
2842:3rd-century rebellions
2796:Saxon Peasants' Revolt
2756:Morning Star Rebellion
2701:Palatine Peasants' War
2696:Dalecarlian Rebellions
2533:Civil wars and revolts
1799:Sextus Pompeius Festus
1446:Conflict of the Orders
805:Legislative assemblies
314:The reputation of the
2862:Ancient Roman outlaws
2822:3rd-century conflicts
2766:Stenka Razin Uprising
2651:Jack Cade's Rebellion
2242:Simplicius of Cilicia
1994:Quintus Curtius Rufus
1223:Siege in Ancient Rome
832:Executive magistrates
583:. University of Jaén.
504:Romans and Barbarians
220:In the fifth century
2801:Peasants' War (1798)
2781:Pugachev's Rebellion
2691:German Peasants' War
2252:Stephanus Byzantinus
2157:Eusebius of Caesaria
2019:Sidonius Apollinaris
1709:Ammianus Marcellinus
1048:Tribune of the plebs
493:L'Huillier 2005:290.
405:The Classical Review
187:monstrorum biformium
119:and his subordinate
2428:Distinguished women
2079:Velleius Paterculus
1919:Nicolaus Damascenus
1899:Marcellus Empiricus
1288:Republican currency
299:De gubernatione Dei
171:Claudius Mamertinus
2686:Arumer Zwarte Hoop
2601:Uprising of Ivaylo
2202:Phlegon of Tralles
2009:Seneca the Younger
1483:Naming conventions
1213:Personal equipment
746:Later Roman Empire
508:Isidore of Seville
268:, the king of the
2809:
2808:
2771:Bulavin Rebellion
2541:
2540:
2503:Pontifices maximi
2285:
2284:
2142:Diogenes Laërtius
1964:Pliny the Younger
1719:Asconius Pedianus
1679:Romance languages
1551:Civil engineering
1293:Imperial currency
1166:Political control
1127:
1126:
761:
760:
558:Trithemié, Jean.
480:Aurelius Victor,
240:under their king
26:) were groups of
2924:
2872:Gaulish language
2726:Kett's Rebellion
2636:Cabochien Revolt
2568:
2561:
2554:
2545:
2493:Magistri equitum
2408:Cities and towns
2401:
2327:Constantinopolis
2137:Diodorus Siculus
2069:Valerius Maximus
2004:Seneca the Elder
1924:Nonius Marcellus
1692:
1245:Hippika gymnasia
1208:Infantry tactics
1114:Consular tribune
1104:Magister equitum
1053:Military tribune
1018:
978:Pontifex maximus
973:Princeps senatus
963:Magister militum
729:Byzantine Empire
650:
611:
604:
597:
588:
551:Thompson, E. A.
540:
535:Jean Trithemié,
533:
527:
520:Theodore Mommsen
500:
494:
491:
485:
478:
472:
466:
460:
453:
447:
436:
430:
423:
417:
414:
408:
397:
346:Past and Present
2932:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2892:Peasant revolts
2857:Ancient peoples
2812:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2676:DĂłzsa rebellion
2577:
2572:
2542:
2537:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2281:
2117:AĂ«tius of Amida
2098:
2084:Verrius Flaccus
2064:Valerius Antias
2024:Silius Italicus
1959:Pliny the Elder
1904:Marcus Aurelius
1779:Cornelius Nepos
1729:Aurelius Victor
1683:
1605:
1517:
1451:Secessio plebis
1422:
1297:
1249:
1123:
1077:
1007:
889:
841:
757:
678:
639:
621:
615:
569:
567:Further reading
548:
543:
534:
530:
501:
497:
492:
488:
479:
475:
467:
463:
455:E.M. Wightman,
454:
450:
437:
433:
424:
420:
415:
411:
398:
394:
390:
362:Bagaudae Revolt
358:
312:
211:Aurelius Victor
195:
179:Lugdunum (Lyon)
108:
74:
57:, and clerics.
17:
12:
11:
5:
2930:
2928:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2814:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2402:
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2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
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2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
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2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1969:Pomponius Mela
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:Aelius Donatus
1700:
1698:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1672:Ecclesiastical
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
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1548:
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1538:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1519:
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1516:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
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1473:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1432:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1413:Toys and games
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1220:
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953:Vigintisexviri
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
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913:Cursus honorum
910:
905:
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712:Western Empire
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539:(Paris), 1873.
528:
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457:Gallia Belgica
448:
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418:
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391:
389:
386:
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342:E. A. Thompson
311:
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234:Flavius AĂ«tius
194:
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137:Gallia Belgica
107:
104:
73:
70:
22:(also spelled
15:
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10:
9:
6:
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2621:Ciompi Revolt
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2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
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1972:
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1950:
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1859:Julius Paulus
1857:
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1797:
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1794:Fabius Pictor
1792:
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1554:
1552:
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1534:
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1531:Amphitheatres
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
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1499:
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1319:
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1314:
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1309:
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1300:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1268:Deforestation
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1218:Siege engines
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1151:Establishment
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:Extraordinary
1080:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1068:Promagistrate
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
898:
896:
892:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
855:Twelve Tables
853:
852:
850:
848:
844:
838:
835:
833:
830:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
770:
768:
764:
752:
749:
748:
747:
744:
740:
737:
735:
732:
731:
730:
727:
723:
720:
718:
715:
714:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
687:
685:
681:
675:
672:
668:
665:
664:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
651:
648:
646:
642:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
624:
619:
612:
607:
605:
600:
598:
593:
592:
589:
582:
578:
575:
571:
570:
566:
561:
557:
554:
550:
549:
545:
538:
532:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
510:, writing of
509:
505:
499:
496:
490:
487:
483:
482:De Caesaribus
477:
474:
470:
465:
462:
458:
452:
449:
445:
441:
435:
432:
428:
422:
419:
413:
410:
406:
402:
396:
393:
387:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
359:
355:
353:
351:
350:class warfare
347:
343:
339:
337:
333:
332:social unrest
329:
324:
321:
317:
309:
307:
305:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
284:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
258:
256:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
192:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
166:
160:
158:
157:
152:
151:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
113:
105:
103:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
71:
69:
67:
63:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2585:
2473:Institutions
2337:Leptis Magna
2290:Major cities
2197:Philostratus
1984:Quadrigarius
1804:Rufus Festus
1667:Contemporary
1512:
1388:Romanization
1311:Architecture
918:Collegiality
767:Constitution
618:Ancient Rome
580:
573:
559:
552:
536:
531:
523:
515:
503:
498:
489:
481:
476:
468:
464:
456:
451:
446:) 2005: 290.
443:
439:
434:
426:
421:
412:
404:
401:Los bagaudas
400:
395:
345:
340:
327:
325:
315:
313:
303:
298:
290:
288:
281:
277:
259:
226:Loire valley
221:
219:
214:
196:
186:
174:
163:
161:
154:
148:
136:
111:
109:
90:proto-feudal
85:
81:
75:
61:
59:
35:Roman Empire
23:
19:
18:
2671:Poor Conrad
2468:Geographers
2152:Dioscorides
2132:Cassius Dio
1754:Cassiodorus
1657:Renaissance
1263:Agriculture
1235:Auxiliaries
1176:Engineering
1013:Magistrates
865:Citizenship
860:Mos maiorum
795:Late Empire
407:, 1999:287.
262:Ebro valley
250:St Germanus
199:Constantius
193:Recurrences
167:of Maximian
150:frumentarii
141:Gallo-Roman
106:Suppression
2917:Underclass
2816:Categories
2791:Great Fear
2731:Cudgel War
2357:Mediolanum
2297:Alexandria
2262:Themistius
2227:Porphyrius
2054:Tertullian
1989:Quintilian
1979:Propertius
1874:Lactantius
1824:Fulgentius
1759:Censorinus
1581:Sanitation
1566:Metallurgy
1523:Technology
1488:Demography
1436:Patricians
1403:Spectacles
1361:Literature
1356:Hairstyles
1193:Technology
943:Praefectus
895:Government
885:Litigation
870:Auctoritas
815:Centuriate
702:Principate
697:Pax Romana
657:Foundation
546:References
502:Thompson,
310:Reputation
125:Diocletian
110:After the
100:the Empire
66:underclass
55:landowners
2907:Tetrarchy
2721:Dacke War
2616:Jacquerie
2591:Stellinga
2513:Quaestors
2443:Empresses
2433:Dynasties
2423:Dictators
2398:and other
2387:Volubilis
2382:Vindobona
2342:Londinium
2267:Theodoret
2237:Procopius
2217:Polyaenus
2192:Pausanias
2094:Vitruvius
2039:Symmachus
2034:Suetonius
1944:Petronius
1929:Obsequens
1894:Macrobius
1889:Lucretius
1814:Frontinus
1789:Eutropius
1774:Columella
1724:Augustine
1714:Appuleius
1662:Neo-Latin
1637:Classical
1628:Versions
1536:Aqueducts
1478:Patronage
1398:Sexuality
1371:Mythology
1346:Education
1336:Cosmetics
1161:Campaigns
1156:Structure
1109:Decemviri
968:Imperator
667:overthrow
388:Citations
382:Plebeians
367:Jacquerie
320:Christian
283:municipia
165:Panegyric
156:publicani
121:Carausius
72:Etymology
2912:Armorica
2711:Opryshky
2586:Bagaudae
2518:Tribunes
2508:Praetors
2458:Generals
2438:Emperors
2347:Lugdunum
2332:Eboracum
2322:Carthage
2307:Aquileia
2222:Polybius
2212:Plutarch
2182:Libanius
2172:Josephus
2167:Herodian
2059:Tibullus
1974:Priscian
1949:Phaedrus
1909:Manilius
1854:Jordanes
1839:Hydatius
1769:Claudian
1749:Catullus
1739:Boëthius
1734:Ausonius
1652:Medieval
1624:Alphabet
1596:Theatres
1571:Numerals
1556:Concrete
1546:Circuses
1513:Bagaudae
1503:Adoption
1498:Marriage
1471:Assembly
1376:Religion
1351:Folklore
1331:Clothing
1326:Calendar
1283:Currency
1273:Commerce
1171:Strategy
1133:Military
1119:Triumvir
1099:Dictator
1094:Interrex
1073:Governor
1058:Quaestor
1021:Ordinary
1003:Province
993:Tetrarch
983:Augustus
948:Vicarius
938:Officium
875:Imperium
825:Plebeian
785:Republic
707:Dominate
674:Republic
635:Timeline
576:. Paris.
524:Historia
516:bagaudae
506:, 184f.
356:See also
328:bagaudae
316:bagaudae
304:bagaudae
291:bagaudae
278:bagaudae
266:Hispania
255:Arcadius
246:Armorica
230:Brittany
222:Bagaudae
215:bagaudae
207:Silvanus
203:Alemanni
175:bagaudae
133:Aelianus
117:Maximian
112:bagaudae
96:manorial
86:bagaudae
82:bagaudae
62:bagaudae
51:Hispania
24:bacaudae
20:Bagaudae
2631:Harelle
2488:Legions
2448:Fiction
2418:Consuls
2413:Climate
2367:Ravenna
2362:Pompeii
2352:Lutetia
2317:Bononia
2312:Berytus
2302:Antioch
2277:Zosimus
2272:Zonaras
2247:Sozomen
2232:Priscus
2207:Photius
2049:Terence
2044:Tacitus
2029:Statius
2014:Servius
1999:Sallust
1954:Plautus
1934:Orosius
1914:Martial
1869:Juvenal
1844:Hyginus
1829:Gellius
1688:Writers
1619:History
1601:Thermae
1591:Temples
1541:Bridges
1508:Slavery
1456:Equites
1428:Society
1408:Theatre
1381:Deities
1341:Cuisine
1321:Bathing
1303:Culture
1278:Finance
1255:Economy
1146:Borders
1141:History
1043:Tribune
1038:Praetor
928:Legatus
923:Emperor
810:Curiate
780:Kingdom
775:History
751:History
734:decline
692:History
662:Kingdom
645:History
630:Outline
512:Rechiar
425:Nixon,
295:Salvian
274:Rechiar
145:tyrants
129:Amandus
93:colonus
78:Gaulish
28:peasant
2498:Nomina
2483:Legacy
2463:Gentes
2400:topics
2396:Lists
2377:Smyrna
2257:Strabo
2187:Lucian
2177:Julian
2127:Arrian
2122:Appian
2112:Aelian
2089:Vergil
1864:Justin
1849:Jerome
1834:Horace
1819:Fronto
1809:Florus
1784:Ennius
1764:Cicero
1744:Caesar
1642:Vulgar
1466:Tribes
1393:Romans
1203:Legion
1186:castra
1063:Aedile
1033:Censor
1028:Consul
988:Caesar
958:Lictor
880:Status
820:Tribal
800:Senate
790:Empire
684:Empire
620:topics
469:Tyrant
429:(1994)
183:Heruli
47:Gallia
2162:Galen
2104:Greek
2074:Varro
1884:Lucan
1696:Latin
1611:Latin
1586:Ships
1576:Roads
1561:Domes
1493:Women
1441:Plebs
1366:Music
908:Forum
903:Curia
403:, in
270:Suevi
264:. In
238:Alans
32:later
2478:Laws
2453:Film
2372:Roma
1939:Ovid
1879:Livy
1647:Late
1461:Gens
1418:Wine
1230:Navy
1198:Army
837:SPQR
739:fall
717:fall
242:Goar
228:and
162:The
131:and
49:and
1632:Old
1316:Art
1089:Rex
933:Dux
847:Law
344:in
159:).
2818::
352:.
338:.
272:,
257:.
248:.
153:,
102:.
2567:e
2560:t
2553:v
610:e
603:t
596:v
526:.
444:4
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