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300:. Water may be splashed on the walls and floor, and hot humid air may cause condensation on cold surfaces. From a decorating point of view, the bathroom presents a challenge. Ceiling, wall, and floor materials and coverings should be impervious to water and readily and easily cleaned. The use of ceramic or glass, as well as smooth plastic materials, is common in bathrooms for their ease of cleaning. Such surfaces are often cold to the touch, however, so water-resistant bath mats or even bathroom carpets may be used on the floor to make the room more comfortable. Alternatively, the floor may be heated, possibly by strategically placing resistive electric mats under the floor tile or radiant hot water tubing close to the underside of the floor surface.
415:), marking not only a significant social development but also providing a public source of relaxation and rejuvenation. Here was a place where people could meet to discuss the matters of the day and enjoy entertainment. During this period there was a distinction between private and public baths, with many wealthy families having their thermal baths in their houses. Despite this they still made use of the public baths, showing the value that they had as a public institution. The strength of the Roman Empire was telling in this respect; imports from throughout the world allowed Roman citizens to enjoy ointments, incense, combs, and mirrors. The partially reconstructed ruins can still be seen today, for example at
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213:, and either a bathtub with a shower, or a bathtub and a separate shower stall; "half bath" (or "powder room") containing just a toilet and sink; and "3/4 bath" containing toilet, sink, and shower, although the terms vary from market to market. In some U.S. markets, a toilet, sink, and shower are considered a "full bath." In addition, there is the use of the word "bathroom" to describe
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in Crete. What is remarkable about this tub is not only the similarity with the baths of today but also how the plumbing works surrounding it differ so little from modern models. A more advanced prehistoric (15th century BC and before) system of baths and plumbing is to be found in the excavated town
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Nearly all of the hundreds of houses excavated had their bathing rooms. Generally located on the ground floor, the bath was made of brick, sometimes with a surrounding curb to sit on. The water drained away through a hole in the floor, down chutes or pottery pipes in the walls, and into the municipal
343:
Bathroom lighting should be uniform, and bright and must minimize glare. For all the activities like shaving, showering, grooming, etc. one must ensure equitable lighting across the entire bathroom space. The mirror area should have at least two sources of light at least 1 foot apart to eliminate any
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The first records for the use of baths date back as far as 3000 B.C. At this time water had a strong religious value, being seen as a purifying element for both body and soul. So it was not uncommon for people to be required to cleanse themselves before entering a sacred area. Baths are recorded as
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shadows on the face. Skin tones and hair color are highlighted with a tinge of yellow light. Ceiling and wall lights must be safe for use in a bathroom (electrical parts need to be splashproof) and therefore must carry appropriate certification such as
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part of village or town life throughout this period, with a split between steam baths in Europe and
America and cold baths in Asia. Communal baths were erected in a distinctly separate area from the living quarters of the village.
470:
bathed him to gain his invincibility. Palaces have been uncovered throughout Greece with areas that are dedicated to bathing, spaces with ceramic bathtubs, as well as sophisticated drainage systems. Homer uses the word λοετρά,
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declined gradually in the West, and private spaces were favored, thus laying the foundations for the bathroom, as it was to become, in the 20th century. However, increased urbanization led to the creation of more
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in the United States and Canada. In some countries, such as the United
Kingdom, only special sockets suitable for electric shavers and electric toothbrushes are permitted in bathrooms and are labelled as such.
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Electrical appliances, such as lights, heaters, and heated towel rails, generally need to be installed as fixtures, with permanent connections rather than plugs and sockets. This minimizes the risk of
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tubs and other bath fittings were found, along with a sophisticated twin plumbing system to transport hot and cold water separately. This was probably because of easy access to
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also define what type of electrical fixtures, such as light fittings (i.e. how water-/splash-proof) may be installed in the areas (zones) around and above baths, and showers.
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The bathroom design must account for the use of hot and cold water, in significant quantities, for cleaning the body. The water is also used for moving solid and liquid
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In the United States, there is a lack of a single definition. This commonly results in discrepancies between the advertised and actual number of baths in
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837:. Article from lighting research center at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Troy, NY 12180 USA). Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Archived from
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has written of the ambiguous nature of bathrooms as both the most private space and one most connected to the wider outside world.
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for personal hygiene products and medicines, and drawers or shelves (sometimes in column form) for storing towels and other items.
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Both the Greeks and the Romans recognized the value of bathing as an important part of their lifestyles. Writers such as
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is a waterproof room usually equipped with a shower; it is designed to eliminate moisture damage and is compatible with
180:) is situated between and usually shared by the occupants of two separate bedrooms. It may also have two wash basins. A
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in which people wash their bodies or parts thereof. It can contain one or more of the following plumbing fixtures: a
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that is adjoining to the largest bedroom; a "full bathroom" (or "full bath"), containing four plumbing fixtures: a
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Not all ancient baths were in the style of the large pools that often come to mind when one imagines the
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had their heroes bathe in warm water to regain their strength; it is perhaps notable that the mother of
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terminology, is a full bathroom not attached to a bedroom, but with its door opening onto a corridor. A
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Virtual reconstruction of the Roman Baths in Weißenburg, Germany, using data from laser scan technology
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This article is about private rooms for personal hygiene. For toilet facilities outside the home, see
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are known as just "toilets" or possibly "cloakrooms" - but also as "lavatories" when they are
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can reduce the risk of electric shock, and are required for bathroom socket installation by
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The Roman attitudes towards bathing are well documented; they built large thermal baths (
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Illustration of a bathroom from the early 20th century, in which appear a bathtub, two
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864:
Lost
Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science—from the Babylonians to the Maya
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All forms of bathroom lighting should be IP44 rated as safe to use in the bathroom.
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listings. Bathrooms are generally categorized as "master bathroom", containing a
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drainage system. Even the fastidious
Egyptians rarely had special bathrooms.
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Historically, bathing was often a collective activity, which took place in
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741:"Washroom vs. restroom: Why do Canadians say one and Americans the other?"
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generally contains a bath or shower (or both), a toilet, and a sink. An
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tend to be called "bathrooms", "powder rooms" or "washrooms", as
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The term for the place used to clean the body varies around the
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83:(also known as a wash basin in the UK). The inclusion of a
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The
Bathroom: A Social History of Cleanliness and the Body
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Throughout the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, the use of
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is attached to, and only accessible from, a bedroom. A
16:
Room for personal hygiene activities, such as showering
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807:"The Plugs and Sockets etc. (Safety) Regulations 1987"
716:"The Benefits of a Jack and Jill Bathroom - Bob Vila"
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120:in Japan and, throughout the Islamic world, the
551:) still exists, the latter being very popular.
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99:to conceal their actual purpose, while they in
27:. For washing facilities outside the home, see
835:"Lighting research center - Bathroom lighting"
495:. Public baths are mentioned by the comedian
124:(also known in the West as a "Turkish bath").
23:. For private toilet room at a residence, see
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8:
929:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
868:. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp.
152:, as does the design of the room itself. A
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933:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
925:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
284:, which might be placed next to a toilet.
821:"Bathroom Zones and IP Ratings Explained"
618:A bathroom in the Olympic village of the
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2872:History of water supply and sanitation
2758:Sulabh International Museum of Toilets
918:
587:An early 20th century bathroom in the
276:A modern bidet of the traditional type
7:
606:Illustration of a bathroom from 1903
2927:Workers' right to access the toilet
2877:Human right to water and sanitation
87:is common. There are also specific
2509:Toilet-related injuries and deaths
860:Teresi, Dick; et al. (2002).
694:. Dalsimer Press. pp. 94–95.
487:tablets, in the name of the River
241:bars or rings for hanging towels.
14:
2723:Madison Museum of Bathroom Tissue
237:Bathrooms often have one or more
2887:Infection prevention and control
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947:Bathroom Remodeling In Rochester
743:. National Post. August 29, 2024
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599:
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315:Ground-fault circuit interrupter
2475:Privatization of public toilets
893:Penner, Barbara, 1970- (2013).
530:baths and washhouses in Britain
217:and a basin, and nothing else.
763:"Top 10 Bathroom Design Ideas"
1:
765:. Exteriored. August 13, 2024
2743:Public toilets in Bratislava
985:Hoagland, Alison K. (2018).
785:"Why You Should Buy a Bidet"
692:Designing Your Perfect House
2413:(combined toilet and bidet)
690:Hirsch, William J. (2008).
535:In Japan shared bathing in
136:Bathroom in France, with a
128:Variations and terminology
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2514:Toilet Revolution in China
949:- Retrieved AUG 20, 2024.
787:. TheSpruce. June 13, 2024
620:2020 Winter Youth Olympics
443:, on the Aegean island of
394:
375:Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro
358:
215:a room containing a toilet
18:
2056:
475:, "baths", later λουτρά,
280:Some bathrooms contain a
260:Some bathrooms contain a
101:British and Irish English
2778:Toilets in New York City
2728:Modern Toilet Restaurant
2460:Islamic toilet etiquette
1770:Multi-family residential
479:, from the verb λούειν,
2682:Fecal sludge management
2641:Urine collection device
2626:Urinal deodorizer block
2591:Female urination device
519:16th century and beyond
391:Greek and Roman bathing
333:UK building regulations
2912:Sustainable sanitation
2897:Reuse of human excreta
960:von Fürstenberg, Diane
406:
388:
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365:Hygiene § History
277:
257:
174:Jack and Jill bathroom
150:English-speaking world
145:
93:North American English
56:
2867:Ecological sanitation
2768:Toilet History Museum
2718:Hundertwasser Toilets
2660:Feces-related aspects
2579:Urine-related aspects
2480:Swachh Bharat Mission
404:
397:Ancient Roman bathing
372:
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252:
228:Design considerations
135:
39:
2783:Bryant Park restroom
2631:Urinal (health care)
2450:Honeywagon (vehicle)
1023:at Wikimedia Commons
841:on September 7, 2011
455:hot springs on this
162:en suite shower room
2882:Improved sanitation
2733:National Poo Museum
2677:Defecation postures
2538:Jobs and activities
2440:Bathroom privileges
2396:Urine-diverting dry
1216: / Guest room
645:- Japanese bathroom
575:Bathroom in Belgium
554:Cultural historian
503:(sing.: βαλανείον,
361:Ritual purification
2831:Groom of the Stool
2596:Interactive urinal
2550:Restroom attendant
1692:Servants' quarters
671:. Marriam-Webster)
417:Roman Baths (Bath)
407:
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318:electrical sockets
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188:underfloor heating
178:connected bathroom
146:
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2555:Sanitation worker
2545:Manual scavenging
2173:Toilet seat riser
2075:
2074:
1493:Janitorial closet
1227:Bedsit / Miniflat
1019:Media related to
809:. Legislation UK.
633:Accessible toilet
515:, a "balneary").
491:("bathing" ), in
158:en suite bathroom
2970:
2922:World Toilet Day
2917:Waste management
2907:Sewage treatment
2794:Historical terms
2773:Toilets in Japan
2455:Incontinence pad
2445:Bathroom reading
2207:Toilet rim block
2195:Holder/dispenser
2158:Electronic bidet
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2033:Home improvement
1805:Studio apartment
1597:Kitchen-related
1273:Conversation pit
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255:bathroom cabinet
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26:
25:toilet (room)
22:
21:public toilet
2939:faucetiy.com
2937:
2846:Privy midden
2667:Anal hygiene
2560:Slopping out
2529:Vacuum truck
2504:Toilet plume
2494:
2435:Adult diaper
2421:Cultural and
2305:Incinerating
2190:Toilet paper
2138:Bidet shower
1945:Roof lantern
1697:Smoking room
1667:Long gallery
1647:Drawing room
1633:Conservatory
1540:Storm cellar
1511:Storage room
1507:Utility room
1503:Laundry room
1479:Furnace room
1201:
1070:Shared rooms
986:
968:Random House
963:
944:
894:
888:
863:
855:
843:. Retrieved
839:the original
829:
823:. Bathrooms.
815:
801:
791:September 7,
789:. Retrieved
779:
767:. Retrieved
757:
745:. Retrieved
735:
725:November 29,
723:. Retrieved
719:
710:
691:
685:
673:. Retrieved
663:
553:
542:
536:
534:
525:public baths
522:
512:
504:
500:
497:Aristophanes
480:
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173:
170:estate agent
165:
161:
157:
153:
147:
115:
112:public baths
109:
89:toilet rooms
60:
58:
33:
2841:Pail closet
2826:Gong farmer
2811:Close stool
2806:Chamber pot
2753:Shit Museum
2406:Vermifilter
2310:Intelligent
2200:Orientation
2163:Flushometer
2038:Home repair
1835:Belt course
1743:Hidden room
1672:Lumber room
1588:Antechamber
1579:Great house
1559:Wine cellar
1530:Root cellar
1483:Boiler room
1464:Crawl space
1135:Living room
1128:kitchenette
1113:Home cinema
1098:Family room
1093:Dining room
1083:Common room
432:Roman baths
304:Electricity
298:septic tank
294:human waste
195:real estate
2947:Categories
2902:Sanitation
2851:Reredorter
2836:Night soil
2672:Defecation
2485:Toilet god
2470:Latrinalia
2430:Accessible
2386:Telescopic
2301:(Scouting)
2273:Dual flush
2258:Composting
2048:Tree house
2018:Front yard
1950:Sill plate
1898:Foundation
1840:Bressummer
1753:house plan
1722:Undercroft
1707:State room
1657:Great hall
1626:still room
1293:dumbwaiter
1278:Cubby-hole
1108:Great room
1078:Bonus room
897:. London.
769:August 13,
747:August 29,
669:"bathroom"
655:References
453:geothermic
359:See also:
322:electrical
97:euphemisms
2963:Bathrooms
2821:Garderobe
2748:Rest area
2713:Haewoojae
2697:Scatology
2636:Urination
2616:Sanistand
2570:Toileting
2365:Sanisette
2320:Low-flush
2116:Equipment
1972:Threshold
1855:Colonnade
1800:Townhouse
1738:Furniture
1642:Courtyard
1544:Safe room
1454:Cloakroom
1422:Technical
1412:Vestibule
1397:Staircase
1336:Inglenook
1309:Fireplace
1268:Breezeway
1140:Gynaeceum
921:cite book
913:834404623
649:Washstand
509:Latinized
505:balaneíon
449:alabaster
445:Santorini
245:Furniture
190:systems.
2860:See also
2801:Aphedron
2738:Outhouse
2606:Pee curl
2350:Portable
2325:On-board
2288:Freezing
2253:Chemical
2233:Arborloo
2228:Aircraft
2123:Ballcock
2013:Driveway
2008:Backyard
1967:Skylight
1930:Plumbing
1925:Ornament
1920:Lighting
1830:Baluster
1818:elements
1790:Detached
1785:Terraced
1637:Orangery
1616:scullery
1593:Ballroom
1569:Workshop
1554:Wardrobe
1542: /
1509: /
1505: /
1481: /
1444:Basement
1376:sleeping
1371:screened
1356:Overhang
1300:Entryway
1288:Elevator
1202:Bathroom
1157:man cave
1021:Bathroom
991:ABC-Clio
964:The Bath
962:(1993).
895:Bathroom
845:July 10,
720:Bob Vila
627:See also
501:balaneía
485:Linear B
468:Achilles
459:island.
457:volcanic
441:Akrotiri
339:Lighting
288:Plumbing
79:, and a
61:bathroom
52:and two
2958:Bathing
2816:Dansker
2601:Pissoir
2465:Istinja
2411:Washlet
2391:Treebog
2315:Latrine
2278:EToilet
2248:Cathole
2153:Commode
2148:Cistern
2109:Toilets
2001:Related
1977:Transom
1869:Cornice
1859:Portico
1850:Chimney
1845:Ceiling
1677:Parlour
1662:Library
1621:spicery
1611:saucery
1606:buttery
1449:Carport
1431:storage
1426:utility
1407:Veranda
1402:Terrace
1331:Hallway
1263:Balcony
1242:Nursery
1237:Cabinet
1232:Boudoir
1214:Bedroom
1186:Sunroom
1118:Kitchen
870:351–352
675:May 10,
591:, near
562:Gallery
513:balneum
493:Arcadia
489:Lousios
436:Knossos
412:thermae
355:History
203:bathtub
183:wetroom
138:bathtub
73:bathtub
54:mirrors
2706:Places
2621:Urinal
2611:Pollee
2401:Vacuum
2360:Public
2295:(boat)
2243:Bucket
2180:Toilet
2128:Bedpan
2065:
2023:Garden
1992:Window
1935:Quoins
1913:Portal
1864:Column
1780:Duplex
1758:styles
1717:Turret
1549:Studio
1525:Pantry
1498:Larder
1488:Garage
1459:Closet
1393:Stairs
1351:Loggia
1314:hearth
1304:Genkan
1258:Atrium
1251:Spaces
1220:closet
1207:toilet
1176:Shrine
1152:Andron
1103:Garret
997:
974:
911:
901:
876:
698:
481:loúein
477:loutrá
473:loetrá
233:Towels
222:Canada
207:toilet
201:and a
199:shower
142:shower
140:and a
122:hammam
105:public
85:toilet
69:shower
46:toilet
42:towels
2953:Rooms
2381:Squat
2376:Space
2355:Potty
2283:Flush
2238:Blair
2221:Types
2143:Brush
2133:Bidet
1982:Vault
1955:Style
1903:Gable
1893:Floor
1873:Eaves
1763:types
1748:House
1731:Other
1702:Solar
1682:Sauna
1581:areas
1520:floor
1439:Attic
1366:Porch
1361:Patio
1341:Lanai
1321:Foyer
1181:Study
1145:harem
1062:house
1058:Rooms
544:onsen
538:sento
464:Homer
282:bidet
268:Bidet
239:towel
117:sento
77:bidet
63:is a
2371:Sink
2299:Hudo
2293:Head
2168:Seat
2043:Shed
2028:Home
1987:Wall
1960:list
1940:Roof
1908:Gate
1883:Door
1878:Dome
1825:Arch
1429:and
1383:Ramp
1346:Loft
1326:Hall
1283:Deck
995:ISBN
972:ISBN
945:12.
935:link
931:link
927:link
909:OCLC
899:ISBN
874:ISBN
847:2011
793:2024
771:2024
749:2024
727:2016
696:ISBN
677:2024
643:Furo
549:spas
541:and
373:The
363:and
346:IP44
324:and
211:sink
209:and
176:(or
81:sink
75:, a
71:, a
65:room
50:sink
48:, a
44:, a
2345:Pit
2340:Pig
2335:Pay
2268:Dry
1888:Ell
1088:Den
511:as
439:of
419:in
220:In
160:or
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1857:/
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1518:/
1424:,
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