Beagle - Knowledge (XXG)

1030:. They were seen as ideal hunting companions for the elderly who could follow on horseback without exerting themselves, for young hunters who could keep up with them on ponies, and for the poorer hunters who could not afford to maintain a stable of good hunting horses. Before the advent of the fashion for foxhunting in the 19th century, hunting was an all day event where the enjoyment was derived from the chase rather than the kill. In this setting, the tiny Beagle was well matched to the hare, as unlike Harriers they would not quickly finish the hunt, but because of their excellent scent-tracking skills and stamina they were almost guaranteed to eventually catch the hare. The Beagle packs would run closely together ("so close that they might be covered with a sheet") which was useful in a long hunt, as it prevented stray dogs from obscuring the trail. In thick undergrowth they were also preferred to 870:, a condition which causes them to destroy things when left unattended. Not all Beagles will howl, but most will bark when confronted with strange situations, and some will bay (also referred to as "speaking", "giving tongue", or "opening") when they catch the scent of potential quarry. They also generally get along well with cats and other dogs. They are not too demanding with regard to exercise; their inbred stamina means they do not easily tire when exercised, but they also do not need to be worked to exhaustion before they will rest. Regular exercise helps ward off the weight gain to which the breed is prone. 655:, and a black (or occasionally liver) gumdrop nose. The jaw is strong, and the teeth scissor together with the upper teeth fitting perfectly over the lower teeth. Both sets align square to the jaw. The eyes are large, hazel or brown, with a mild, hound-like pleading look. The large ears are long, soft, and low-set, turning towards the cheeks slightly and rounded at the tips. Beagles have a strong, medium-length neck (which is long enough for them to easily bend to the ground to pick up a scent), with little folding in the skin but some evidence of a 1285: 632: 684:. These dogs have mostly white coats with patches of black and brown hair. Tricolor Beagles are almost always born black and white. The white areas are typically set by eight weeks, but the black areas may fade to brown as the puppy matures. (The brown may take between one and two years to fully develop.) Some Beagles gradually change colour during their lives, and may lose their black markings entirely. 757: 1059: 1328: 1019: 1185:. These dogs are used to detect food items in luggage being taken into the United States. After trialling several breeds, Beagles were chosen because they are relatively small and unintimidating for people who are uncomfortable around dogs, easy to care for, intelligent and work well for rewards. They are also used for this purpose in a number of other countries including by the 817: 304: 716:, the Beagle has one of the best developed senses of smell of any dog. In the 1950s, John Paul Scott and John Fuller began a 13-year study of canine behavior. As part of this research, they tested the scenting abilities of various breeds by putting a mouse in a one-acre field and timing how long it took the dogs to find it. The Beagles found it in less than a minute while 84: 672: 1205:, due to their size and passive nature. In the United States, as many as 65,000 Beagles are used every year for medical, cosmetic, beauty, and other chemical tests. They are purpose bred and live their lives in cages undergoing experiments. The Rescue + Freedom Project (formerly Beagle Freedom Project) has successfully advocated for Beagles to be released from labs. 1170: 522: 914: 442: 866:, as Coren places them among the group with the lowest degree of working/obedience intelligence. Coren's scale, however, does not assess understanding, independence, or creativity. Beagles are excellent with children and this is one of the reasons they have become popular family pets. Beagles are pack animals; they are prone to 559:'s registered breeds; in 2005 and 2006 it ranked 5th out of the 155 breeds registered. In the UK they are not quite so popular, placing 28th and 30th in the rankings of registrations with the Kennel Club in 2005 and 2006 respectively. In the United States the beagle ranked 4th most popular breed in 2012 and 2013, behind the 687:

Two-colour varieties always have a white base colour with areas of the second colour. Tan and white is the most common two-colour variety, but there is a wide range of other colours including lemon, a very light tan; red, a reddish, almost orange, brown; and liver, a darker brown, and black. Liver is

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The tricolored Beagle—white with large black areas and light brown shading—is the most common. Tricolored Beagles occur in a number of shades, from the "Classic Tri" with a jet black saddle (also known as "Blackback"), to the "Dark Tri" (where faint brown markings are intermingled with more prominent

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By 1887, the threat of extinction was on the wane: there were 18 beagle packs in England. The Beagle Club was formed in 1890 and the first standard drawn up at the same time. The following year the Association of Masters of Harriers and Beagles was formed. Both organisations aimed to further the best

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kept a breed known as a Pocket Beagle, which stood 8 to 9 inches (20 to 23 cm) at the shoulder. Small enough to fit in a "pocket" or saddlebag, they rode along on the hunt. The larger hounds would run the prey to ground, then the hunters would release the small dogs to continue the chase through

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provided $ 400,000 in taxpayer money to fund experiments in which 28 Beagles were infected by disease-causing parasites. The White Coat Project found reports that said dogs taking part in the experiments were "vocalizing in pain" after being injected with foreign substances. Following public outcry,

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Testing of cosmetic products on animals is banned in the member states of the European Community, although France protested the ban and has made efforts to have it lifted. It is permitted in the United States but is not mandatory if safety can be ascertained by other methods, and the test species is

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gave special status to primates, equids, cats and dogs and in 2005 the Animal Procedures Committee (set up by the act) ruled that testing on mice was preferable, even though a greater number of individual animals were involved. In 2005 beagles were involved in less than 0.3% of the total experiments

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The traditional foot pack consists of up to 40 Beagles, marshaled by a Huntsman who directs the pack and who is assisted by a variable number of whippers-in whose job is to return straying hounds to the pack. The Master of the Hunt is in overall day-to-day charge of the pack, and may or may not take

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As purebred dogs, Beagles have always been more popular in the United States and Canada than in their native country England. The National Beagle Club of America was formed in 1888 and by 1901 a Beagle had won a Best in Show title. As in the UK, activity during World War I was minimal, but the breed

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In rabbit-shooting, in gorse and thick cover, nothing can be more cheerful than the beagle. They also are easily heard over long distances and in thick cover. They have been called rabbit-beagles from this employment, for which they are peculiarly qualified, especially those dogs which are somewhat

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English and American varieties are sometimes mentioned. However, there is no official recognition from any Kennel Club for this distinction. Beagles fitting the American Kennel Club standard – which disallows animals over 15 inches (38 cm) – are smaller on average than those fitting the Kennel

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Beagles were in the United States by the 1840s at the latest, but the first dogs were imported strictly for hunting and were of variable quality. Since Honeywood had only started breeding in the 1830s, it is unlikely these dogs were representative of the modern breed, and the description of them as

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description, since at 22 to 24 inches (56 to 61 cm) it is significantly taller than the modern day Beagle, and in earlier times was even larger. Some writers suggest that the Beagle's scenting ability may have come from cross-breeding earlier strains with the Kerry Beagle. Originally used for

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when all shows were suspended. After the war, the breed was again struggling for survival in the UK: the last of the Pocket Beagles was probably lost during this time, and registrations fell to an all-time low. A few breeders (notably Reynalton Kennels) managed to revive interest in the dog and by

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and waist and a long, slightly curved tail (known as the "stern") tipped with white. The white tip, known as the flag, was bred for selectively, as the tail remains easily seen when the dog's head is down following a scent. The tail does not curl over the back, but is held upright when the dog is

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The Beagle has an even temper and gentle disposition. Described in several breed standards as "merry", they are amiable and typically neither aggressive nor timid, although this depends on the individual. They enjoy company, and although they may initially be standoffish with strangers, they are

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Roccaro, Mariana; Salini, Romolo; Pietra, Marco; Sgorbini, Micaela; Gori, Eleonora; Dondi, Maurizio; Crisi, Paolo E.; Conte, Annamaria; Dalla Villa, Paolo; Podaliri, Michele; Ciaramella, Paolo; Di Palma, Cristina; Passantino, Annamaria; Porciello, Francesco; Gianella, Paola; Guglielmini, Carlo;

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Although credited with the development of the modern breed, Honeywood concentrated on producing dogs for hunting and it was left to Thomas Johnson to refine the breeding to produce dogs that were both attractive and capable hunters. Two strains were developed: the rough-coated and smooth-coated

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As field dogs they are prone to minor injuries such as cuts and sprains, and, if inactive, obesity is a common problem as they will eat whenever food is available and rely on their owners to regulate their weight. When working or running free they are also likely to pick up parasites such as

470:, was still dividing beagles into four varieties: the medium beagle; the dwarf or lapdog beagle; the fox beagle (a smaller, slower version of the Foxhound); and the rough-coated or terrier beagle, which he classified as a cross between any of the other varieties and one of the Scottish 1208:

Beagles are used in a range of research procedures: fundamental biological research, applied human medicine, applied veterinary medicine, and protection of man, animals, or the environment. Of the 8,018 dogs used in testing in the UK in 2004, 7,799 were Beagles (97.3%). In the UK, the

555:(Uno), won the Best In Show category at the Westminster Kennel Club show for the first time in the competition's history. In North America they have been consistently in the top-ten most-popular breeds for over 30 years. From 1953 to 1959 the beagle was ranked No. 1 on the list of the 461:

In the 1840s, a standard beagle type was beginning to develop. The distinction between the North Country Beagle and Southern Hound had been lost, but there was still a large variation in size, character, and reliability among the emerging packs. In 1856, "Stonehenge" (the pseudonym of

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Saddle-patterned Beagles that express ancient domino (eA) are called hare-pied. Domino restricts eumelanin production leading to a smaller and faded saddle. Dark hairs in the area of the saddle have a light-colored hair base. The nose pigment may be lightened down the middle.

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varieties. The rough-coated beagle survived until the beginning of the 20th century, and there were even records of one making an appearance at a dog show as late as 1969, but this variety is now extinct, having probably been absorbed into the standard beagle bloodline.

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Their long floppy ears can mean that the inner ear does not receive a substantial air flow or that moist air becomes trapped, and this can lead to ear infections. Beagles may also be affected by a range of eye problems; two common ophthalmic conditions in beagles are

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and often entertained guests at her royal table by letting her Pocket Beagles cavort amid their plates and cups. 19th-century sources refer to these breeds interchangeably and it is possible that the two names refer to the same small variety. In George Jesse's

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requests to obtain information about taxpayer funding of animal testing. For example, the White Coat Waste Project, a group of activists that hold that taxpayers should not have to pay $ 20 billion every year for experiments on animals, highlighted that the

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A dog may normally be quite calm but can become very excitable when set off by such things as a ringing doorbell or an owner's movement toward the door. This characteristic may be very annoying to some people. Rank these seven breeds from least to most

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In the United States they appear to have been employed chiefly for hunting rabbits from the earliest imports. Hunting hare with Beagles became popular again in Britain in the mid-19th century and continued until it was made illegal in Scotland by the

1193:, and in Canada, Japan, and the People's Republic of China. Larger breeds are generally used for detection of explosives as this often involves climbing over luggage and on large conveyor belts, work for which the smaller Beagle is not suited. 897:

occur in Beagles. Two conditions in particular are unique to the breed: "Funny Puppy", in which the puppy is slow to develop and eventually develops weak legs, a crooked back and although normally healthy, is prone to a range of illnesses; and

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A strain known as Patch Hounds was developed by Willet Randall and his family from 1896 specifically for their rabbit hunting ability. They trace their bloodline back to Field Champion Patch, but do not necessarily have a patchwork marking.

996:, in which they sound as if they are choking or gasping for breath, but are actually drawing air in through the mouth and nose. The exact cause of this behavior is not known, but it can be a common occurrence and is not harmful to the dog. 425:

formed a good majority of the beagle's bloodline, but the origin of the Harrier is itself obscure. Honeywood's Beagles were small, standing at about 10 inches (25 cm) at the shoulder, and pure white according to John Mills (writing in

1319:, who was subsequently rescued after spending 100 hours buried in the rubble. Beagles were hired by New York City to help with bedbug detection, although some have expressed doubts about the role of such dogs in this type of detection. 999:

Canine juvenile polyarteritis syndrome, also known as juvenile polyarteritis syndrome of beagle dogs is a multisystemic necrotising vasculitis of the small arteries. The condition is characterised by a reoccurrent acute fever and

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that had started in 1889, and the Beagle Club in the UK held its first show in 1896. The regular showing of the breed led to the development of a uniform type, and the Beagle continued to prove a success up until the outbreak of

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in the 1830s; it is believed that this pack formed the basis for the modern breed. Although details of the pack's lineage are not recorded, it is thought that North Country Beagles and Southern Hounds were strongly represented;

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and was common in the northern counties. It was smaller than the Southern Hound, less heavy-set, and with a more pointed muzzle. It was faster than its southern counterpart but its scenting abilities were less well-developed.

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as surrogates for direct human testing. Minnesota was the first state to enact a Beagle Freedom adoption law in 2014, mandating that dogs and cats are allowed to be adopted once they have completed research testing.

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Snyder, P. W.; Kazacos, E. A.; Scott-Moncrieff, J. C.; HogenEsch, H.; Carlton, W. W.; Glickman, L. T.; Felsburg, P. J. (1995). "Pathologic Features of Naturally Occurring Juvenile Polyarteritis in Beagle Dogs".

643:, but the head is broader and the muzzle shorter, the expression completely different and the legs shorter in proportion to the body. They are generally between 13 and 16 inches (33 and 41 cm) high at the 478:

In size the beagle measures from 10 inches, or even less, to 15. In shape they resemble the old southern hound in miniature, but with more neatness and beauty; and they also resemble that hound in style of

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Peace TA, Goodchild LR, Vasconcelos DY: What's your diagnosis? Fever and leukocytosis in a young beagle. Canine juvenile polyarteritis syndrome (beagle pain syndrome). Lab Anim (NY) 2001 Vol 30 (5) pp.

933:. Affected puppies are slow, have lower co-ordination, fall more often, and do not have a normal gait. It has an estimated carrier rate of 5% and affected rate of 0.1%. A genetic test is available. 772:

Pocket Beagles are sometimes advertised for sale but while the UK Kennel Club originally specified a standard for the pocket Beagle in 1901, the variety is now not recognised by any Kennel Club.

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detection in Australia, and have been mentioned as possible candidates for drug and explosive detection. Because of their gentle nature and unimposing build, they are also frequently used in

808:. Some puppies of this cross are less excitable than a Beagle and with a lower exercise requirement, similar to the Pug parent; but many are highly excitable and require vigorous exercise. 664:

active. The Beagle has a muscular body and a medium-length, smooth, hard coat. The front legs are straight and carried under the body while the rear legs are muscular and well bent at the

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black markings), to the "Faded Tri" (where faint black markings are intermingled with more prominent brown markings). Some tricolored dogs have a broken pattern, sometimes referred to as

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was used as a generic description for the smaller hounds, though these dogs differed considerably from the modern breed. Miniature breeds of beagle-type dogs were known from the times of

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when confronted with the unfamiliar makes them good watch dogs. In a 1985 study conducted by Ben and Lynette Hart, the Beagle was given the highest excitability rating, along with the

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imported some dogs from England and began breeding. Rowett's Beagles are believed to have formed the models for the first American standard, drawn up by Rowett, L. H. Twadell, and

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is popular where hunting is no longer permitted or for those owners who do not wish to participate in hunting a live animal, but still wish to exercise their dog's innate skills.

957:, a condition in which eyelashes grow into the eye causing irritation, sometimes exist; both these conditions can be corrected with surgery. They can suffer from several types of 1260: 741:

recognises two separate varieties of Beagle: the 13-inch for hounds less than 13 inches (33 cm), and the 15-inch for those between 13 and 15 inches (33 and 38 cm). The

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not common and is not permitted in some standards; it tends to occur with yellow eyes. Ticked or mottled varieties may be either white or black with different coloured flecks (

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little small mitten-beagle, which may be companion for a ladies kirtle, and in the field will run as cunningly as any hound whatere, only their musick is very small like reeds.

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also had Beagle packs around this time, and royal favor no doubt led to some revival of interest in the breed, but Honeywood's pack was regarded as the finest of the three.

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on animals in the UK, but of the 7670 experiments performed on dogs 7406 involved Beagles (96.6%). Most dogs are bred specifically for this purpose, by companies such as

3112: 3576: 551:'s show and by 1939 a Beagle – Champion Meadowlark Draughtsman – had captured the title of top-winning American-bred dog for the year. On 12 February 2008, a Beagle, 404:

Standards for the Pocket Beagle were drawn up as late as 1901; these genetic lines are now extinct, although modern breeders have attempted to recreate the variety.

3393: 1068: 2630:"Spine – Abstract: Volume 31(10) May 1, 2006 p 1094-1099 Notochord Cells Regulate Intervertebral Disc Chondrocyte Proteoglycan Production and Cell Proliferation" 3036: 961:. Failure of the nasolacrimal drainage system can cause dry eye or leakage of tears onto the face. The cause of primary open angle glaucoma in the Beagle is an 3940: 1190: 3666: 2236: 1265: 796:

to be a good worker, silent and obedient, but it had the drawback that it was small and could barely carry a hare. More recently, the trend has been for "

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and weigh between 18 and 35 lb (8.2 and 15.9 kg), with females being slightly smaller than males on average. They have a smooth, somewhat domed

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Fielding: "'What the devil would you have me do?' cries the Squire, turning to Blifil, 'I can no more turn her, than a beagle can turn an old hare.'"

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The Harts posed the following question to a panel of 96 experts, half of which were veterinary surgeons and the other half dog obedience trial judges:

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Beagle hound colours: Two-coloured "tan and white" (older female with fading colour), tricoloured broken, two-coloured "red and white", "tricoloured"

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with weak heads has little resemblance to the standard. Serious attempts at establishing a quality bloodline began in the early 1870s when General

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Although bred for hunting, Beagles are versatile and are nowadays employed for various other roles in detection, therapy, and as family pets.

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groups have reported on abuse of animals inside testing facilities. In 1997 footage secretly filmed by a freelance journalist inside

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In addition to organised beagling, Beagles have been used for hunting or flushing to guns (often in pairs) a wide range of game including

692:), such as the blue-mottled or bluetick Beagle, which has spots that appear to be a midnight-blue colour, similar to the colouring of the 1307:

was credited with saving the life of its owner after using her owner's mobile phone to dial an emergency number. In the aftermath of the

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had several Beagles, and caused an outcry when he picked up one of them by its ears during an official greeting on the White House lawn.

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over a period of 3-7 days. The Beagle is predisposed with most reports concerning the breed — whence the name 'Beagle pain syndrome'.

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McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024).

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With the fashion for faster hunts, the beagle fell out of favor for chasing hare, but was still employed for rabbit hunting. In

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failed to find it at all. The long ears and large lips of the Beagle probably assist in trapping the scents close to the nose.

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interests of the breed, and both were keen to produce a standard type of Beagle. By 1902, the number of packs had risen to 44.

543:, the breed was once again doing well. Registrations dropped again after the end of the war but almost immediately recovered. 4671: 3498: 3161: 3062: 2765:

Oliver, James A.C.; Mellersh, Cathryn S. (2020). "Genetics". In Cooper, Barbara; Mullineaux, Elizabeth; Turner, Lynn (eds.).

2011: 1848: 5675: 1111: 3397: 1231:(FDA). When testing toxicity of food additives, food contaminants, and some drugs and chemicals the FDA uses Beagles and 5889: 4340: 3419: 2117: 1798: 1269: 1228: 2802: 2321: 38: 5520: 4711: 4571: 3596: 1448: 1425: 1384: 942: 878:

A 2024 study in the UK found a life expectancy of 12.5 years compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for

846: 4430: 3610: 3278: 2243: 1958: 1906: 1442: 1414: 552: 3782: 1667: 1218:. In the UK companies breeding animals for research must be licensed under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act. 906:, common in Harriers and in some larger breeds, is rarely considered a problem in Beagles. Beagles are considered a 5577: 5243: 4596: 4410: 4345: 1542: 867: 3950: 902:(MLS) in which the eyes are slanted and the outer toes are underdeveloped but otherwise development is as normal. 4993: 4676: 4576: 4536: 2355: 1475:

In this article "Beagle" (with a capital B) is used to distinguish the modern breed from other beagle-type dogs.

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On its formation, the Association of Masters of Harriers and Beagles took over the running of a regular show at

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showed a much stronger revival in the U.S. when hostilities ceased. In 1928 it won a number of prizes at the

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Weight gain can be a problem in older or sedentary dogs, which in turn can lead to heart and joint problems.

899: 548: 63: 3975: 1251:, a UK-based breeder of Beagles for testing, closed down in 1997 after pressure from animal rights groups. 5572: 5510: 5475: 5445: 5396: 5346: 5341: 5009: 4611: 4516: 4020: 3913: 3890: 3335: 1336: 1272:

resign effective immediately and that there is a "need to find a new NIH director to replace the outgoing

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affiliated clubs recognise a single type, with a height of between 13 and 16 inches (33 and 41 cm).

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The Kennel Club (UK) standard states the Beagle should give the impression of quality without coarseness.

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Tickell: "Here let me trace beneath the purpled morn, The deep-mouth'd beagle, and the sprightly horn"

882:. A 2024 Italian study found a life expectancy of 11 years for the breed compared to 10 years overall. 1568:

Pope: "Thus on a roe the well-breath'd beagle flies, And rends his hide fresh-bleeding with the dart"

5751: 5685: 5624: 5619: 5609: 5450: 5313: 5150: 5019: 4751: 4716: 4435: 4283: 3371: 3164:. United States Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Archived from 3065:. United States Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Archived from 2715: 2461: 742: 738: 556: 510: 385: 351: 347: 316: 277: 3191: 2144: 1985: 506: 354:, who both had packs of Glove Beagles, so named since they were small enough to fit on a glove, and 272:

The modern breed was developed in Great Britain around the 1830s from several breeds, including the

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Dryden: "The rest in shape a beagle's whelp throughout, With broader forehead and a sharper snout"

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use of Beagles for hunting as early as 1902 but the pack is still in existence today. In 2001, the

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Beagles have excellent noses; this dog is employed by the US Customs and Border Protection Agency.

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Cowper: "For persevering chase and headlong leaps, True beagle as the staunchest hound he keeps"

1526: 1359: 693: 560: 247: 192: 4701: 4661: 4656: 4551: 3630: 3471: 2941: 2935: 5711: 5634: 5614: 5546: 5160: 4834: 4686: 4651: 4541: 4455: 4320: 4204: 4170: 4149: 4101: 4058: 4037: 4006: 3370:. European Commission — Enterprise and Industry Directorate General. 2007. Archived from 2945: 2882: 2874: 2833: 2770: 2745: 2649: 2495: 2477: 2215: 1344: 1126: 834: 5639: 5562: 5525: 5495: 5490: 5455: 5425: 5371: 5283: 5044: 4909: 4894: 4884: 4814: 4681: 4631: 4591: 4460: 4415: 4218: 4197: 3529: 2866: 2641: 2537: 2527: 2485: 2469: 1316: 1215: 1075:. Under this legislation, Beagles may still pursue rabbits with the landowner's permission. 1072: 993: 907: 789: 785: 746: 721: 568: 463: 446: 320: 3631:"Experimenters Fed Puppies' Heads to Infected Flies, but That's Not All Fauci's NIH Funded" 1874: 5864: 5766: 5746: 5680: 5485: 5470: 5465: 5415: 5336: 5064: 5059: 4948: 4889: 4829: 4824: 4526: 4480: 4276: 3861: 3840: 3693: 1273: 1248: 989:, and irritants such as grass seeds can become trapped in their eyes, soft ears, or paws. 958: 938: 797: 564: 369: 295:

times in literature and paintings and more recently in film, television, and comic books.

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The Beagle has been used for rabbit-hunting since the earliest development of the breed.

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Tricolor or white in combination with black & tan/brown or brown/tan or yellow/white

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is quoted referring to the beagle as small enough to sit on a man's hand and to the:

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By the 18th century, two breeds had been developed for hunting hare and rabbit: the

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is uncertain, although it has been suggested that the word derives from the French

540: 530: 393: 324: 273: 220: 4330: 3644: 3506: 2015: 1445:, who in 2008 became the first Beagle to win the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show 1058: 745:

recognises a single type, with a height not exceeding 15 inches (38 cm). The

2965: 2514:

Alborali, Giovanni L.; Rota Nodari, Sara; Sabatelli, Sonia; Peli, Angelo (2024).

2161: 5835: 5791: 5670: 5591: 5308: 5213: 4988: 4963: 4804: 4766: 4746: 4731: 4616: 4566: 4465: 4400: 4380: 4307: 3109:"Old dogs — new tricks Original quarantine K9's on the scent of retirement" 2095:

See various breed standards linked from the breed box at the top of the article.

1327: 1095: 1086:

As hunting with Beagles was seen as ideal for young people, many of the British

1001: 850: 717: 535: 389: 239: 3577:"Should dogs be guinea pigs in government research? A bipartisan group says no" 2870: 2473: 1018: 5298: 5278: 5115: 4854: 4636: 4601: 4390: 1394: 946: 826: 793: 709: 262: 4052: 3756: 3423: 2878: 2481: 2121: 1802: 1671: 5781: 5716: 5288: 5209: 5180: 5105: 5089: 4953: 4819: 4440: 4254: 3730: 2806: 2769:(Sixth ed.). British Small Animal Veterinary Association. p. 131. 2313: 1303:, visiting the sick and elderly in hospital. In June 2006, a trained Beagle 1276:

who will shut down research that violates the dignity of nonhuman animals."

1150: 1130: 816: 494: 397: 331:

to give them speed and stamina for deer hunting. Beagles are similar to the

328: 303: 235: 2653: 2499: 671: 3301:"Statistics of Scientific Procedures on Living Animals Great Britain 2004" 3247:"Statistics of Scientific Procedures on Living Animals Great Britain 2005" 2886: 1962: 1910: 1357:, who was billed as "the world's most famous Beagle". The clay animation, 1315:

with a Colombian rescue squad was credited with locating the owner of the

4789: 4741: 4232: 3615: 1406: 1138: 1134: 1035: 1027: 1013: 986: 966: 894: 886: 640: 502: 254: 243: 3499:"Seeing Is Believing — cruelty to dogs at Huntingdon Life Sciences" 2714:. Kennel Club Genetics Centre at the Animal Health Trust. Archived from 2542: 1424:

A Canadian bred 15 inch female Beagle with the registered name of Gr Ch

1169: 1026:

Beagles were developed primarily for hunting hare, an activity known as

521: 5843: 5839: 5665: 5406: 5328: 5318: 5217: 5014: 4968: 4924: 4914: 4864: 4809: 4784: 3037:"Submission to Lord Burns' Committee of Inquiry into Hunting with Dogs" 2744:(3rd ed.). Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. pp. 656, 718. 1933:"Registration statistics for all recognised dog breeds – 2005 and 2006" 1349: 1296: 1158: 1031: 913: 879: 830: 660: 644: 525:

A uniform type for the breed developed at the start of the 20th century

471: 83: 17: 2363: 1400:

after the breed, and, in turn, lent its name to the ill-fated British

441: 5827: 5205: 5039: 4919: 4899: 4799: 4450: 4445: 3063:"USDA's Detector Dogs: Protecting American Agriculture: Why Beagles?" 1506:

The specific references in each of the author's works are as follows:

1365: 1354: 1146: 1142: 805: 761: 656: 327:

to Britain. In Britain, both of these strains were then crossed with

3221: 1512:: She's a beagle, true-bred, and one that adores me: what o' that?" 1413:

An American bred 15 inch male Beagle with the registered name of Ch

1090:

traditionally maintained Beagle packs. Protests were lodged against

2450:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death" 513:(AKC) in 1885. In the 20th century the breed has spread worldwide. 474:

breeds. Stonehenge also gives the start of a standard description:

5265: 5165: 5140: 4929: 4849: 4299: 3555: 1326: 1283: 1168: 1154: 1057: 1017: 912: 815: 755: 670: 652: 648: 630: 520: 445:

Early images of the beagle (clockwise from top left): 1833, 1835,

440: 413: 302: 3669:. Parliament of New South Wales. 13 December 2001. Archived from 769:

Club standard which allows heights up to 16 inches (41 cm).

1849:"Beagle Breakthrough: Westminster Crowd Favorite Uno Is Top Dog" 1401: 978: 974: 611: 250: 5232: 4272: 3394:"Animal-Testing Ban for Cosmetics to Be Upheld, EU Court Rules" 2145:"A NEWLY DISCOVERED "OLD" COLOR: DOMINO AKA PIED IN THE BEAGLE" 1153:, and foxes, and have even been recorded as being used to hunt 5726: 4939: 4241:. Translated by Dakyns, H. G. Macmillan and Co. Archived from 3976:"Westminster Crowns 2020 Best in Show, Standard Poodle 'Siba'" 2828:

Rhodes, Karen Helton; Werner, Alexander H. (25 January 2011).

910:

breed, meaning that they are prone to types of disk diseases.

801: 4118:

The Field Book: Or, Sports and Pastimes of the United Kingdom

3611:"PETA calls for Dr. Fauci to resign: 'Our position is clear'" 3279:"Select Committee on Animals In Scientific Procedures Report" 3135:. Department of Primary Industries and Energy. Archived from 2830:

Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion

2516:"Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy" 3448:. US Department of Health and Human Services. Archived from 1102:. School and university packs are still maintained by Eton, 315:

The origin of the beagle is not known. In the 11th century,

3128:

Nairn, M.E.; Allen, P.G.; Inglis, A.R.; Tanner, C. (1996).

2360:

Ranking of Dogs for Obedience/Working Intelligence by Breed

639:

The general appearance of the Beagle resembles a miniature

3889:. Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum. Archived from 1536:, and again: "About her feet were little beagles seen" in 1247:

in the UK showed staff punching and screaming at Beagles.

929:

treatments. Another rare disease in the breed is neonatal

4268: 62:

This article is about the dog breed. For other uses, see

4074:

Researches into the History of the British Dog Volume II

788:(Stonehenge) recommended a cross between a Beagle and a 412:

Reverend Phillip Honeywood established a beagle pack in

3422:. US Food and Drug Administration. 1999. Archived from 42: 3757:"In Haiti, a shattered symbol reluctantly yields dead" 1451:, winner of the 2015 Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show 1157:. In most of these cases, the beagle is employed as a 261:

for prohibited agricultural imports and foodstuffs in

1261:

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

3336:"Report of the Animal Procedures Committee for 2004" 2937:

Henry Salt: Humanitarian Reformer and Man of Letters

889:, but this can often be controlled with medication. 829:

for this reason, although their tendency to bark or

764:, a Beagle/pug cross, shows traits from both breeds. 359:

underbrush. Elizabeth I referred to the dogs as her

291:

Beagles have been depicted in popular culture since

5699: 5658: 5590: 5555: 5534: 5414: 5405: 5327: 5264: 5098: 5002: 4938: 4765: 4306: 3039:. The Mammal Society. 16 March 2000. Archived from 2460:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 531. 509:in 1887. The beagle was accepted as a breed by the 198: 186: 181: 165: 157: 149: 139: 128: 120: 115: 103: 93: 76: 4196: 4141: 4093: 1984: 1266:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) 1254:There are various examples of activists utilizing 800:" and one of the most popular has been the Beagle/ 368:from 1866, the early 17th-century poet and writer 3089:"A beagle honored as a defender at national gate" 4199:The Encyclopedia of North American Sporting Dogs 3914:"Beagle, a Breed Long Unsung, Wins Best in Show" 1083:on the role of Huntsman on the day of the hunt. 453:'s 1852 "Beagle" image) and Dwarf Beagle (1859). 3472:"Beagle Freedom Law makes history in Minnesota" 3130:"Australian Quarantine a shared responsibility" 2070:. The Beagle Club of Queensland. Archived from 1490: 1051: 476: 374: 1268:made a call to action that all members of the 1069:Protection of Wild Mammals (Scotland) Act 2002 366:Researches into the History of the British Dog 5244: 4284: 4245:on 13 June 2007 – via eBooks@Adelaide). 3530:"Extremists seek fresh targets close to home" 2628:Erwin, W. Mark; Inman, Robert D. (May 2006). 1851:. Bloomberg. 12 February 2008. Archived from 1201:Beagles are the dog breed most often used in 619:hunting stags, it is today used for hare and 8: 3785:. CBS-NY. Associated Press. 17 November 2011 2832:. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 249. 1909:. American Kennel Club. 2006. Archived from 1835: 1785: 1761: 1191:Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service 589:in English literature dates from c. 1475 in 3970: 3968: 3783:"NYC Enlists Pair Of Bedbug-Detecting Dogs" 2683:"Neonatal Cerebellar Cortical Degeneration" 1387:which provided much of the inspiration for 242:, similar in appearance to the much larger 26: 5411: 5251: 5237: 5229: 4291: 4277: 4269: 3667:"Police Powers (Drug Detection Dogs) Bill" 3241: 3239: 2356:"The Intelligence of Dogs. Ranks 70 to 79" 2259: 2237:"Randall. The Patch Era at Beaver Meadows" 1731: 1428:and the pet name of "Miss P" won the 2015 1177:Beagles are used as detection dogs in the 311:is thought to be an ancestor of the beagle 265:around the world. The beagle is a popular 178: 112: 82: 73: 2940:. University of Illinois Press. pp. 2805:. Beagle Club of Victoria. Archived from 2541: 2531: 2489: 246:. The beagle was developed primarily for 3978:. American Kennel Club. 11 February 2020 3717: 3396:. Bloomberg. 24 May 2005. Archived from 3023: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2423: 2411: 2272:Mirchandani, Raakhee (4 November 2005). 1746: 1704: 1222:Bans and activism against Beagle testing 1211:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 992:Beagles may exhibit a behavior known as 153:Short haired, hard coat of medium length 32:This is an accepted version of this page 3330: 3328: 3019: 3017: 2909: 2435: 2387:"Canine Intelligence—Breed Does Matter" 2214:. Woods N' Water, Inc. pp. 22–23. 2162:"Beagle Coat Colors | Coats and Colors" 2104: 2036: 1823: 1773: 1619: 1617: 1582: 1417:and the pet name of "Uno" won the 2008 1363:, also features a beagle – the titular 1183:United States Department of Agriculture 659:; a broad chest narrowing to a tapered 28: 5259:Dogs originating in the United Kingdom 3912:Sandomir, Richard (13 February 2008). 3190:. Beagle Rescue League. Archived from 2921: 2851: 2849: 2569:. American Kennel Club. Archived from 2181: 2179: 2120:. American Kennel Club. Archived from 2059: 2057: 1961:. American Kennel Club. Archived from 1801:. American Kennel Club. Archived from 1757: 1755: 1727: 1725: 1670:. American Kennel Club. Archived from 1596: 1592: 1590: 1588: 1586: 606:It is not known why the black and tan 339:, though they are smaller and slower. 5542:English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan) 4219:Stonehenge (pseudonym of J. H. Walsh) 4148:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson History. 4001:Arnold, David; Arnold, Hazel (1998). 3806:"Doubts Rise on Bedbug-Sniffing Dogs" 3694:"The unlikely enemy of the terrorist" 2685:. Animal Health Trust. Archived from 2342: 2197: 2185: 2065:"What you need to know about Beagles" 1742: 1740: 1716: 1692: 1635: 1623: 1608: 1557:The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling 1295:Beagles are used as sniffer dogs for 200:Fédération Cynologique Internationale 7: 5732:Dumfriesshire Black and Tan Foxhound 5121:Dumfriesshire Black and Tan Foxhound 4502:Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Orange 2789: 2767:BSAVA Textbook of Veterinary Nursing 2615: 2605:from the original on 9 October 2022. 2391:Canine Corner. The human-animal bond 2048: 1187:Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 392:and probably closely related to the 3528:Woolcock, Nicola (25 August 2005). 2640:(10). Spinejournal.com: 1094–1099. 1907:"AKC Breed Registration Statistics" 1887:from the original on 9 October 2022 1161:, flushing game for hunter's guns. 1022:The Caynsham Foot Beagles (c. 1885) 923:immune mediated polygenic arthritis 921:In rare cases, Beagles may develop 4497:Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Noir 4115:Maxwell, William Hamilton (1833). 3941:"Canadians triumph at Westminster" 3804:Buckley, Cara (11 November 2010). 3731:"Dog praised for life-saving call" 2998:. 20 November 2006. Archived from 2646:10.1097/01.brs.0000216593.97157.dd 2314:"Stars fuel designer dogs fashion" 1656:. Baldwin and Craddock: 164. 1833. 1648:"The fox-hound, and fox-hunting". 1071:, and in England and Wales by the 949:", a prolapse of the gland of the 57: 5885:Dog breeds originating in England 3348:from the original on 10 July 2007 3259:from the original on 10 July 2007 2992:"Directory of UK hunts 2006/2007" 2865:(4). SAGE Publications: 337–345. 2324:from the original on 16 July 2007 1935:. The Kennel Club. Archived from 1256:Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) 651:with a medium-length, square-cut 269:due to its size and good temper. 135:22–25 lb (10.0–11.3 kg) 4326:Anglo-Français de Petite Vénerie 3313:from the original on 2 July 2007 2300:from the original on 1 July 2007 2274:"Designer Dogs: Meet the Puggle" 1552:(published posthumously in 1749) 1430:Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show 1419:Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show 931:cerebellar cortical degeneration 825:easily won over. They make poor 145:20–23 lb (9.1–10.4 kg) 3692:Geoghegan, Tom (13 July 2005). 2533:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155 2385:Coren, Stanley (15 July 2009). 2014:. Breeds of Dog. Archived from 408:Development of the modern breed 4672:Schweizerischer Niederlaufhund 4507:Grand Anglo-Français Tricolore 4426:Chien Français Blanc et Orange 4227:. London: G. Routledge and Co. 4224:Manual of British Rural Sports 4144:The History of the Countryside 4003:A New Owner's Guide to Beagles 3843:, p. 54, 15 December 1974 2598:. The Beagle Club. June 2019. 2593:"The Beagle – A Healthy Breed" 2520:Preventive Veterinary Medicine 1880:. American Kennel Club. 2006. 1501: 1482: 1470: 468:Manual of British Rural Sports 1: 5676:Cavalier King Charles Spaniel 3497:Broughton, Zoe (March 2001). 3446:"How to do Business with FDA" 2966:"Activists steal beagle pack" 2740:Gelatt, Kirk N., ed. (1999). 1875:"AKC Registration Statistics" 1112:Royal Agricultural University 792:as a retriever. He found the 493:looking like straight-legged 124:13–16 in (33–41 cm) 4607:Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen 4512:Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen 4421:Chien Français Blanc et Noir 4341:Austrian Black and Tan Hound 4005:. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 3831:"World's Most Famous Beagle" 3368:"Cosmetics and animal tests" 1270:National Institute of Health 1229:Food and Drug Administration 5521:West Highland White Terrier 4712:Styrian Coarse-Haired Hound 4572:Istrian Coarse-haired Hound 4401:Bosnian Broken-haired Hound 4092:Kraeuter, Kristine (2001). 4076:. London: Robert Hardwicke. 2143:Beagle Brief (April 2020). 1518:(c. 1600) Act II Scene III 1426:Tashtins Lookin For Trouble 847:West Highland White Terrier 610:, present in Ireland since 603:which means "gate throat". 5906: 5578:Staffordshire Bull Terrier 4597:Montenegrin Mountain Hound 4187:The Sportsman's Repository 4032:Daglish, E. Fitch (1961). 4027:. George Routledge and Co. 3887:"President Johnson's Dogs" 3556:"White Coat Waste Project" 3214:"Rescue + Freedom Project" 2871:10.1177/030098589503200401 2474:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w 2276:. Fox News. Archived from 1668:"What is a Pocket Beagle?" 1543:Fables, Ancient and Modern 1524:: You are a sweet beagle" 1011: 61: 59:Breed of small scent hound 5820: 5194: 4994:Treeing Tennessee Brindle 4577:Istrian Shorthaired Hound 4537:Griffon Fauve de Bretagne 4483:a/k/a Florida Cracker Cur 3866:National Purebred Dog Day 3761:Twin Cities Pioneer Press 3188:"Questions & Answers" 2934:Hendrick, George (1977). 1991:Oxford English Dictionary 1836:Arnold, & Arnold 1998 1786:Arnold, & Arnold 1998 1762:Arnold, & Arnold 1998 1650:The New Sporting Magazine 1550:To a Lady before Marriage 1530:(1607) Act III Scene IV:2 1347:since the 1950s with the 893:and a number of types of 820:Beagles are happy to rest 595:. The origin of the word 582:Oxford English Dictionary 449:'s Medium (1859, reusing 214: 203: 191: 177: 168: 160: 152: 123: 111: 81: 5357:English Springer Spaniel 4727:Treeing Walker Coonhound 4532:Griffon Bleu de Gascogne 4431:Chien Français Tricolore 4356:Basset Fauve de Bretagne 4238:On Hunting (Cynegeticus) 3645:"Termite Detection Dogs" 3218:Rescue + Freedom Project 2742:Veterinary Ophthalmology 2567:"Beagle Health Problems" 1799:"Get to know the Beagle" 1572:(1715–20) Book XV:697–8 1415:K-Run's Park Me In First 1390:On the Origin of Species 1245:Huntingdon Life Sciences 885:Beagles may be prone to 863:The Intelligence of Dogs 856:They are ranked 72nd in 592:The Squire of Low Degree 553:K-Run's Park Me In First 39:latest accepted revision 5762:Old Welsh Grey Sheepdog 5156:Old Croatian Sighthound 5126:Grand Fauve de Bretagne 4757:Westphalian Dachsbracke 4697:Serbian Tricolour Hound 4411:Briquet Griffon Vendéen 4386:Black and Tan Coonhound 4366:Bavarian Mountain Hound 4351:Basset Bleu de Gascogne 4346:Basset Artésien Normand 4129:The Sportsman's Library 2294:"Designing A Cuter Dog" 1100:Animal Liberation Front 1096:Wye College beagle pack 900:Musladin-Lueke syndrome 585:, the first mention of 549:Westminster Kennel Club 428:The Sportsman's Library 64:Beagle (disambiguation) 5573:Miniature Bull Terrier 5511:Sporting Lucas Terrier 5476:Parson Russell Terrier 5446:Dandie Dinmont Terrier 5397:Welsh Springer Spaniel 5347:English Cocker Spaniel 5342:Curly-Coated Retriever 5010:American Leopard Hound 4677:Segugio dell'Appennino 4612:Petit Bleu de Gascogne 4517:Grand Bleu de Gascogne 4203:. Willow Creek Press. 4081:Jesse, Edward (1858). 4072:Jesse, George (1866). 3862:"Gromit: Purebred Dog" 3517:– via dbsst.org. 3476:Minnesota Star Tribune 3281:. House of Lords. 2002 2296:. CBS. 6 August 2006. 1495: 1332: 1289: 1288:Red & white Beagle 1174: 1063: 1056: 1023: 918: 821: 765: 676: 636: 526: 481: 454: 378: 312: 5742:English White Terrier 5737:English Water Spaniel 5707:Black and Tan Terrier 5367:Flat-Coated Retriever 4959:Catahoula Leopard Dog 4647:Rastreador Brasileiro 4522:Grand Griffon Vendéen 4195:Smith, Steve (2002). 4057:. Howell Book House. 4051:Fogle, Bruce (1990). 3836:The Victoria Advocate 3341:. Home Office. 2004. 3306:. Home Office. 2004. 3252:. Home Office. 2005. 3093:People's Daily Online 2210:Fisher, Dave (2002). 1564:The Progress of Error 1374:Lyndon Baines Johnson 1330: 1313:search and rescue dog 1309:2010 Haiti earthquake 1287: 1227:not specified by the 1197:Use in animal testing 1172: 1116:Christ Church, Oxford 1061: 1021: 916: 819: 759: 674: 634: 524: 444: 342:From medieval times, 317:William the Conqueror 306: 182:Kennel club standards 5752:North Country Beagle 5686:King Charles Spaniel 5625:Pembroke Welsh Corgi 5620:Old English Sheepdog 5610:Cardigan Welsh Corgi 5451:Jack Russell Terrier 5314:West Country Harrier 5151:North Country Beagle 4752:West Country Harrier 4436:Colombian Fino Hound 4259:. Blanchard and Lea. 4184:Scott, John (1845). 4126:Mills, John (1845). 4096:Training Your Beagle 3673:on 29 September 2007 3400:on 30 September 2007 2859:Veterinary Pathology 2249:on 14 November 2011. 2077:on 25 September 2011 1534:The Cock and the Fox 1522:Mistress Tenterhook' 1372:Former US President 1339:Beagles appeared in 1189:in New Zealand, the 743:Canadian Kennel Club 739:American Kennel Club 720:took 15 minutes and 557:American Kennel Club 511:American Kennel Club 386:North Country Beagle 278:North Country Beagle 5890:Hunting with hounds 5807:Tweed Water Spaniel 5797:Toy Trawler Spaniel 5757:Old English Bulldog 5722:Cumberland Sheepdog 5202:Anglo-French hounds 5075:Rhodesian Ridgeback 4722:Transylvanian Hound 4487:Gascon Saintongeois 4406:Briquet de Provence 4166:The Beagle Handbook 3953:on 18 February 2015 3585:. 15 November 2016. 3582:The Washington Post 2466:2024NatSR..14..531M 2320:. 6 February 2006. 2164:. 25 September 2023 1461:Informational notes 963:autosomal recessive 843:Miniature Schnauzer 284:, and possibly the 29:Page version status 5691:Northern Inuit Dog 5506:Smooth Fox Terrier 5481:Patterdale Terrier 5461:Manchester Terrier 5431:Bedlington Terrier 5382:Labrador Retriever 5304:Scottish Deerhound 5131:King's White Hound 5085:Xarnego Valenciano 5070:Portuguese Podengo 5055:Phu Quoc Ridgeback 5030:Haofa Tangkhul Hui 4905:Scottish Deerhound 4780:American Staghound 4667:Schweizer Laufhund 4632:Polish Hunting Dog 4396:Bluetick Coonhound 4316:Alpine Dachsbracke 4163:Rice, Dan (2000). 4036:. London: Foyles. 3919:The New York Times 3868:, 13 December 2018 3633:. 25 October 2021. 3619:. 5 November 2021. 3069:on 2 February 2007 2454:Scientific Reports 2393:. Psychology Today 2366:on 24 October 2011 1638:, pp. 223–232 1570:The Iliad of Homer 1538:Palamon and Arcite 1379:The ship on which 1360:Wallace and Gromit 1333: 1323:In popular culture 1290: 1175: 1127:cottontail rabbits 1064: 1024: 919: 868:separation anxiety 822: 766: 694:Bluetick Coonhound 677: 637: 561:Labrador Retriever 527: 466:), writing in the 455: 313: 35: 5852: 5851: 5712:Blue Paul Terrier 5635:Shetland Sheepdog 5615:Lancashire Heeler 5586: 5585: 5547:Yorkshire Terrier 5226: 5225: 5161:Potsdam Greyhound 5020:Cirneco dell'Etna 4835:Italian Greyhound 4717:Tarsus çatalburun 4687:Segugio Maremmano 4652:Redbone Coonhound 4542:Griffon Nivernais 4481:Florida Brown Dog 4456:English Coonhound 4321:American Foxhound 4084:Anecdotes of Dogs 3763:. 25 January 2010 3698:BBC News Magazine 3168:on 10 August 2007 3095:. 6 December 2006 3026:, pp. 97–104 3002:on 6 October 2007 2996:Horse & Hound 2839:978-0-8138-1596-1 2792:, pp. 167–74 2776:978-1-910-44339-2 2721:on 6 October 2014 2018:on 13 August 2007 1560:(1749) Chapter 7. 1345:animated cartoons 1098:was taken by the 1043:Anecdotes of Dogs 943:corneal dystrophy 908:chondrodystrophic 835:Yorkshire Terrier 804:cross known as a 722:Scottish Terriers 579:According to the 356:Queen Elizabeth I 228: 227: 210: 209: 173: 172: 47:19 September 2024 16:(Redirected from 5897: 5563:Bull and terrier 5526:Wire Fox Terrier 5496:Sealyham Terrier 5491:Scottish Terrier 5456:Lakeland Terrier 5426:Airedale Terrier 5412: 5372:Golden Retriever 5284:English Foxhound 5253: 5246: 5239: 5230: 5045:Pampas Deerhound 4910:Silken Windhound 4895:Rampur Greyhound 4885:Polish Greyhound 4682:Segugio Italiano 4592:Lithuanian Hound 4461:English Foxhound 4416:Bruno Jura Hound 4293: 4286: 4279: 4270: 4260: 4246: 4228: 4214: 4202: 4191: 4190:. Henry G. Bohn. 4180: 4159: 4147: 4133: 4122: 4111: 4099: 4088: 4077: 4068: 4047: 4028: 4016: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3972: 3963: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3949:. Archived from 3937: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3858: 3852: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3727: 3721: 3720:, pp. 89–92 3715: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3593: 3587: 3586: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3505:. Archived from 3494: 3488: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3452:on 3 August 2005 3442: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3420:"Animal Testing" 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3364: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3347: 3340: 3332: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3312: 3305: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3275: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3258: 3251: 3243: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3224:on 4 August 2018 3220:. Archived from 3210: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3194:on 4 August 2018 3184: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3141: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3115:on 31 March 2012 3104: 3102: 3100: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3012: 3011: 3009: 3007: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2972:. 5 January 2001 2962: 2956: 2955: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2853: 2844: 2843: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2809:on 4 August 2007 2799: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2720: 2713: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2689:on 23 March 2013 2679: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2625: 2619: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2597: 2589: 2583: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2563: 2548: 2547: 2545: 2535: 2510: 2504: 2503: 2493: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2362:. Archived from 2352: 2346: 2345:, pp. 176–7 2340: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2248: 2242:. Archived from 2241: 2232: 2226: 2225: 2207: 2201: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2174: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2149: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2114: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2087: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2076: 2069: 2061: 2052: 2046: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1988: 1981: 1975: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1955: 1949: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1929: 1923: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1903: 1897: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1886: 1879: 1871: 1865: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1855:on 13 April 2008 1845: 1839: 1833: 1827: 1826:, pp. 10–12 1821: 1815: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1805:on 30 March 2014 1795: 1789: 1783: 1777: 1771: 1765: 1759: 1750: 1744: 1735: 1729: 1720: 1714: 1708: 1702: 1696: 1690: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1627: 1626:, pp. 438–9 1621: 1612: 1606: 1600: 1594: 1505: 1486: 1474: 1073:Hunting Act 2004 994:reverse sneezing 965:mutation in the 790:Scottish Terrier 786:John Henry Walsh 747:Kennel Club (UK) 569:Golden Retriever 464:John Henry Walsh 335:and the extinct 321:St. Hubert Hound 223: 217: 179: 113: 96: 86: 74: 21: 5905: 5904: 5900: 5899: 5898: 5896: 5895: 5894: 5855: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5816: 5767:Paisley Terrier 5747:Norfolk Spaniel 5695: 5681:English Mastiff 5654: 5582: 5551: 5530: 5486:Plummer Terrier 5471:Norwich Terrier 5466:Norfolk Terrier 5418: 5401: 5337:Clumber Spaniel 5323: 5260: 5257: 5227: 5222: 5190: 5094: 5065:Podenco Canario 5060:Podenco Andaluz 4998: 4949:Black Mouth Cur 4934: 4830:Irish Wolfhound 4825:Hortaya borzaya 4761: 4702:Slovenský Kopov 4662:Schillerstövare 4657:Sabueso Español 4552:Hamiltonstövare 4527:Greek Harehound 4302: 4297: 4267: 4251:Youatt, William 4249: 4231: 4217: 4211: 4194: 4183: 4177: 4162: 4156: 4138:Rackham, Oliver 4136: 4125: 4114: 4108: 4091: 4080: 4071: 4065: 4050: 4044: 4031: 4019: 4013: 4000: 3992: 3991: 3981: 3979: 3974: 3973: 3966: 3956: 3954: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3924: 3922: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3896: 3894: 3893:on 11 July 2007 3885: 3884: 3880: 3871: 3869: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3846: 3844: 3841:Victoria, Texas 3829: 3828: 3824: 3814: 3812: 3803: 3802: 3798: 3788: 3786: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3766: 3764: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3740: 3738: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3716: 3712: 3702: 3700: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3676: 3674: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3650: 3648: 3647:. K9 Centre.com 3643: 3642: 3638: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3599:. 30 July 2021. 3595: 3594: 3590: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3553: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3512: 3510: 3496: 3495: 3491: 3481: 3479: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3455: 3453: 3444: 3443: 3439: 3429: 3427: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3377: 3375: 3374:on 29 June 2007 3366: 3365: 3361: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3326: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3303: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3284: 3282: 3277: 3276: 3272: 3262: 3260: 3256: 3249: 3245: 3244: 3237: 3227: 3225: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3197: 3195: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3171: 3169: 3160: 3159: 3155: 3145: 3143: 3142:on 10 July 2007 3139: 3132: 3127: 3125: 3118: 3116: 3107: 3105: 3098: 3096: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3072: 3070: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3046: 3044: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3022: 3015: 3005: 3003: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2975: 2973: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2952: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2908: 2904: 2898: 2894: 2855: 2854: 2847: 2840: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2812: 2810: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2788: 2784: 2777: 2764: 2763: 2759: 2752: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2692: 2690: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2614: 2610: 2602: 2595: 2591: 2590: 2586: 2576: 2574: 2573:on 11 June 2007 2565: 2564: 2551: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2434: 2430: 2422: 2418: 2414:, pp. 77–8 2410: 2406: 2396: 2394: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2369: 2367: 2354: 2353: 2349: 2341: 2337: 2327: 2325: 2312: 2310: 2303: 2301: 2292: 2290: 2283: 2281: 2280:on 29 June 2007 2271: 2270: 2266: 2260:Stonehenge 1856 2258: 2254: 2246: 2239: 2234: 2233: 2229: 2222: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2196: 2192: 2184: 2177: 2167: 2165: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2147: 2142: 2141: 2137: 2127: 2125: 2124:on 29 June 2007 2118:"Beagle Colors" 2116: 2115: 2111: 2103: 2099: 2094: 2090: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2067: 2063: 2062: 2055: 2047: 2043: 2035: 2031: 2021: 2019: 2010: 2009: 2005: 1995: 1993: 1983: 1982: 1978: 1968: 1966: 1965:on 5 April 2014 1957: 1956: 1952: 1942: 1940: 1939:on 28 June 2007 1931: 1930: 1926: 1916: 1914: 1913:on 16 July 2007 1905: 1904: 1900: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1877: 1873: 1872: 1868: 1858: 1856: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1838:, pp. 14–5 1834: 1830: 1822: 1818: 1808: 1806: 1797: 1796: 1792: 1784: 1780: 1772: 1768: 1760: 1753: 1745: 1738: 1734:, pp. 98–9 1732:Stonehenge 1856 1730: 1723: 1719:, pp. 75–8 1715: 1711: 1703: 1699: 1691: 1687: 1677: 1675: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1634: 1630: 1622: 1615: 1607: 1603: 1595: 1584: 1574: 1567: 1561: 1553: 1547: 1531: 1519: 1507: 1500: 1488: 1481: 1469: 1458: 1439: 1437:Notable Beagles 1369:– in its cast. 1337:Anthropomorphic 1331:Tricolor Beagle 1325: 1282: 1274:Francis Collins 1249:Consort Kennels 1224: 1199: 1167: 1016: 1010: 959:retinal atrophy 876: 814: 782: 735: 733:Breed varieties 730: 706: 629: 614:times, has the 577: 565:German Shepherd 519: 490: 421:suspected that 410: 370:Gervase Markham 361:singing beagles 301: 219: 215: 188:The Kennel Club 94: 89: 88:Tricolor Beagle 72: 67: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5903: 5901: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5875:Companion dogs 5872: 5867: 5857: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5846: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5772:Southern Hound 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5703: 5701: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5662: 5660: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5652: 5650:Welsh Sheepdog 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5600:Bearded Collie 5596: 5594: 5588: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5559: 5557: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5549: 5544: 5538: 5536: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5436:Border Terrier 5433: 5428: 5422: 5420: 5409: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5399: 5394: 5392:Sussex Spaniel 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5352:English Setter 5349: 5344: 5339: 5333: 5331: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5270: 5268: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5255: 5248: 5241: 5233: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5220: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5176:Southern Hound 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5102: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5080:Thai Ridgeback 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5006: 5004: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4984:Stephens Stock 4981: 4979:Mountain Feist 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4945: 4943: 4942:hunting breeds 4936: 4935: 4933: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4875:Mahratta Hound 4872: 4867: 4862: 4860:Levriero Sardo 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4771: 4769: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4747:Welsh Foxhound 4744: 4739: 4737:Tyrolean Hound 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4707:Smalandstõvare 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4478: 4473: 4471:Estonian Hound 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4376:Beagle-Harrier 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4312: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4296: 4295: 4288: 4281: 4273: 4266: 4265:External links 4263: 4262: 4261: 4247: 4229: 4215: 4209: 4192: 4181: 4175: 4160: 4154: 4134: 4132:. W. Paterson. 4123: 4112: 4106: 4089: 4078: 4069: 4063: 4054:The Dog's Mind 4048: 4042: 4029: 4021:Blakey, Robert 4017: 4011: 3990: 3989: 3964: 3932: 3904: 3878: 3853: 3822: 3810:New York Times 3796: 3774: 3748: 3737:. 20 June 2006 3722: 3710: 3684: 3658: 3636: 3622: 3602: 3588: 3568: 3547: 3520: 3509:on 1 July 2015 3489: 3463: 3437: 3426:on 23 May 2007 3411: 3385: 3359: 3324: 3292: 3270: 3235: 3205: 3179: 3153: 3080: 3054: 3043:on 12 May 2010 3028: 3013: 2983: 2957: 2950: 2926: 2914: 2902: 2892: 2845: 2838: 2820: 2794: 2782: 2775: 2757: 2750: 2732: 2700: 2674: 2620: 2608: 2584: 2549: 2505: 2440: 2428: 2416: 2404: 2377: 2347: 2335: 2264: 2252: 2227: 2220: 2212:Rabbit hunting 2202: 2190: 2175: 2153: 2135: 2109: 2097: 2088: 2053: 2041: 2029: 2012:"Kerry Beagle" 2003: 1976: 1950: 1924: 1898: 1866: 1840: 1828: 1816: 1790: 1778: 1766: 1751: 1736: 1721: 1709: 1697: 1685: 1674:on 9 June 2007 1659: 1640: 1628: 1613: 1601: 1581: 1580: 1510:Sir Toby Belch 1508:Shakespeare: " 1464: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1452: 1446: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1433: 1422: 1411: 1381:Charles Darwin 1377: 1370: 1324: 1321: 1305:assistance dog 1281: 1278: 1233:miniature pigs 1223: 1220: 1203:animal testing 1198: 1195: 1179:Beagle Brigade 1166: 1163: 1088:public schools 1012:Main article: 1009: 1006: 891:hypothyroidism 875: 872: 813: 810: 784:In the 1850s, 781: 778: 734: 731: 729: 726: 708:Alongside the 705: 704:Sense of smell 702: 628: 625: 576: 573: 518: 515: 507:Norman Ellmore 499:Richard Rowett 489: 486: 436:Lord Winterton 419:William Youatt 409: 406: 382:Southern Hound 337:Southern Hound 309:Southern Hound 300: 297: 282:Southern Hound 226: 225: 212: 211: 208: 207: 202: 196: 195: 190: 184: 183: 175: 174: 171: 170: 167: 166:Life span 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 143: 140: 137: 136: 133: 130: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 109: 108: 105: 101: 100: 99:English Beagle 97: 91: 90: 87: 79: 78: 70: 58: 56: 36: 30: 27: 25: 24: 23: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5902: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5832:Fell Terriers 5829: 5826: 5823: 5822: 5819: 5813: 5812:Welsh Hillman 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5698: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5657: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5645:Smooth Collie 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5605:Border Collie 5603: 5601: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5589: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5533: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5516:Welsh Terrier 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5441:Cairn Terrier 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5377:Gordon Setter 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5362:Field Spaniel 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5326: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5254: 5249: 5247: 5242: 5240: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5196: 5193: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5097: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5050:Pharaoh Hound 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5003:Miscellaneous 5001: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4937: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4815:Galgo Español 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4795:Banjara Hound 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4764: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4692:Serbian Hound 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4642:Posavac Hound 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4587:Liangshan Dog 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4557:Hanover Hound 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4476:Finnish Hound 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4294: 4289: 4287: 4282: 4280: 4275: 4274: 4271: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4239: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4225: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4210:1-57223-501-2 4206: 4201: 4200: 4193: 4189: 4188: 4182: 4178: 4176:0-7641-1464-6 4172: 4168: 4167: 4161: 4157: 4155:1-84212-440-4 4151: 4146: 4145: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4130: 4124: 4120: 4119: 4113: 4109: 4107:0-7641-1648-7 4103: 4098: 4097: 4090: 4087:. H. G. Bohn. 4086: 4085: 4079: 4075: 4070: 4066: 4064:0-87605-513-7 4060: 4056: 4055: 4049: 4045: 4043:0-7071-0631-1 4039: 4035: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4012:0-7938-2785-X 4008: 4004: 3999: 3998: 3997: 3996: 3977: 3971: 3969: 3965: 3952: 3948: 3947: 3942: 3936: 3933: 3921: 3920: 3915: 3908: 3905: 3892: 3888: 3882: 3879: 3867: 3863: 3857: 3854: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3832: 3826: 3823: 3811: 3807: 3800: 3797: 3784: 3778: 3775: 3762: 3758: 3752: 3749: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3723: 3719: 3718:Kraeuter 2001 3714: 3711: 3699: 3695: 3688: 3685: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3659: 3646: 3640: 3637: 3632: 3626: 3623: 3618: 3617: 3612: 3606: 3603: 3598: 3592: 3589: 3584: 3583: 3578: 3572: 3569: 3557: 3551: 3548: 3535: 3531: 3524: 3521: 3508: 3504: 3503:The Ecologist 3500: 3493: 3490: 3478:. 21 May 2014 3477: 3473: 3467: 3464: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3438: 3425: 3421: 3415: 3412: 3399: 3395: 3389: 3386: 3373: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3344: 3337: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3309: 3302: 3296: 3293: 3280: 3274: 3271: 3255: 3248: 3242: 3240: 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Barron's. 4165: 4143: 4128: 4121:. E. Wilson. 4117: 4100:. Barron's. 4095: 4083: 4073: 4053: 4033: 4024: 4002: 3995:Bibliography 3994: 3993: 3980:. Retrieved 3955:. Retrieved 3951:the original 3944: 3935: 3923:. Retrieved 3917: 3907: 3895:. Retrieved 3891:the original 3881: 3870:, retrieved 3865: 3856: 3845:, retrieved 3834: 3825: 3815:19 September 3813:. Retrieved 3809: 3799: 3789:19 September 3787:. Retrieved 3777: 3765:. Retrieved 3760: 3751: 3739:. Retrieved 3734: 3725: 3713: 3701:. Retrieved 3697: 3687: 3675:. Retrieved 3671:the original 3661: 3649:. Retrieved 3639: 3625: 3614: 3605: 3591: 3580: 3571: 3559:. Retrieved 3550: 3538:. Retrieved 3533: 3523: 3511:. Retrieved 3507:the original 3502: 3492: 3480:. Retrieved 3475: 3466: 3454:. Retrieved 3450:the original 3440: 3428:. Retrieved 3424:the original 3414: 3402:. Retrieved 3398:the original 3388: 3376:. Retrieved 3372:the original 3362: 3350:. Retrieved 3315:. Retrieved 3295: 3283:. Retrieved 3273: 3261:. Retrieved 3226:. 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