456:. Willshire was a constable at Gordon Creek. Darrell Lewis writes of him that:"Willshire is the most notorious policeman in Northern Territory (and possibly) Australian history. He was based in Central Australia in the 1880s, a time of severe conflict there between the Aborigines and settlers. In 1891 he was charged with the murder of a number of Aborigines, but in spite of strong evidence against him he was found not guilty. He was not sent back to Central Australia, but after several short-term postings in South Australia, he was sent to another region where severe problems with Aborigines existed - the Victoria River District.. Victoria River Aborigi8nal oral history speaks of the first policeman shooting people in the same general areas where fights with Aborigines are documented in Willshire's book..when Willshire was stationed at Gordon Creek there was a sizeable Aboriginal population in Bilinarra country, but for decades after he left the Bilinarra were numerically one of the weakest tribes in the entire Victoria River District." (
163:, the Bilingara used to call on one of the clan who would not be participating in the dance itself. Once handed a piece of string woven from human hair, the person who was to supply his blood used it as a ligature of his biceps, and then cut into an artery with a stone, jabbing away until an ample flow was secured, which was caught in a bark basin at his feet. What was not used for making gum was given to dingos to lap up.
270:
for the annual calf-branding, Banjo snuck into the station and, seizing a rifle on a table, shot
Sullivan in the thigh, and he died of the wound soon after. He then aimed at Condon, who asked him not to shoot, and killed him. The other blacks thought of spearing him, but he had the upper hand with a rifle, and ordered some of them to report the murder to the manager of another station, while he slipped off to the
948:
269:
Some time around 1922 a
Bilinarra youth nicknamed "Banjo" killed the Billiluna station manager Condon and his white stockman, Sullivan, after the latter had abducted his woman for sexual purposes. Banjo remonstrated with the usurper, but to no effect, other than being dressed down. When the time came
257:
accounts, two massacres in particular are recorded for this early period. One group of tribesmen were rounded up and brought into the Gordon Creek police station, where they were tethered and then shot, with their bodies then burnt and dumped into a rubbish tip for cattle bones. In a further
244:
The
Bilinarra suffered from massacres during the period of their dispossession as their land was taken over for pastoral development, and even thereafter, on the stations where they sought employment, were treated harshly. Like other tribes in the area, they suffered from the standard three
104:
means 'rock' or 'hill', followed by an unknown suffix. Massacres by early colonists, poor treatment on the cattle stations, and mixing of languages at the cattle stations caused
Bilinarra to lose prominence as more dominant languages took over, leading to the endangerment of Bilinarra.
92:. There are no structural features that are unique to Bilinarra and linguists would consider all three languages to be dialects of a single language, but speakers of these languages consider them to be different. Elements of their tongue were first recorded by a police constable
249:
on the new pastoral leases. Meakins and
Nordlinger state that with the establishment in 1894 of a police station run by Willshire "massacres became the officially sanctioned method of population control." Their numbers rapidly declined.
980:
205:) may reincarnate themselves by shifting into the foetus of a pregnant woman. Numerous foods were taboo for such women, the bans being related to beliefs that such meats might damage the unborn child. Turtle (
100:
spoken by
Bilinarra children. Bilinarra is native to the Victoria River District of the Northern Territory of Australia. The name of the language most likely refers to the surrounding country, as
884:
973:
882:
Terry, Michael (November 1926). "A Surgical
Operation as Performed by the Boonarra Tribe of Northern Australia, and a Short Vocabulary of the Languages of Some North Australian Tribes".
2023:
1965:
966:
197:
With regard to conception, the
Bilinarra consider that children pre-exist their actual births, in the form of spirits that linger around an outcrop of rocks at a site called
2000:
1993:
1958:
266:
territory, where many were killed as intruders, while women were taken as wives. Those women returned to
Bilinarra lands on the demise of their husbands.
140:
in the 1920s. Bilinarra territory was predominantly characterized by blacksoil plains, limestone gorges and sandstone outcrops. Their neighbours are the
96:(who was later charged with murder) in 1896. By 2013, only one person was alive who spoke it as their primary language though it inflects the variety of
1972:
1986:
1979:
933:
872:
847:
822:
917:
209:) meat for example was forbidden because it was thought that, were it consumed, the child would grow up walking with a turtle-like waddle.
129:
744:
117:
275:
271:
144:
to the east, the
Gurindji people to the southwest, and the Ngarinyman to the northwest. Most Bilinarra people now live at
93:
501:
116:
estimated Bilinarra tribal land to cover some 7,500 square miles (19,000 km) covering the areas of the Moray Range,
1355:
814:
234:
121:
775:
1600:
97:
864:
922:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
187:
989:
380:
226:
70:
794:
50:
1425:
279:
230:
225:
in 1839. The first major exploratory expedition followed in 1855-1856 when the area was surveyed by
1054:
145:
125:
1495:
993:
939:
901:
290:
66:
54:
31:
159:
In order to manufacture a gum for use in fixing tufts of flax to the bodies of dancers in their
958:
860:
Hidden Histories: Black Stories from Victoria River Downs, Humbert River and Wave Hill Stations
1677:
1607:
1369:
929:
868:
843:
839:
818:
808:
137:
133:
89:
77:
73:
858:
1544:
1509:
1411:
1383:
1292:
893:
833:
222:
245:
successive waves of colonial devastation: introduced disease, land-clearing massacres, and
1825:
1811:
1397:
1348:
1299:
1271:
1068:
452:
Bilingara oral traditions regarding these are said to be corroborated by W.H. Willshire's
420:
286:
1895:
1797:
1706:
1551:
1334:
1306:
1201:
1145:
1124:
913:
294:
262:. Thereafter the site was named Poison Creek. Survivors eventually made their way into
113:
789:
2017:
1783:
1586:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1537:
1523:
1264:
1208:
246:
1923:
1909:
1846:
1649:
1516:
1481:
1474:
1453:
1341:
1243:
1152:
1047:
1019:
1012:
835:
A Grammar of Bilinarra: An Australian Aboriginal Language of the Northern Territory
254:
238:
229:, and they reported favourably on its prospects for pastoral development. In 1883
167:
1888:
1930:
1832:
1790:
1741:
1663:
1488:
1285:
1138:
1860:
1734:
1727:
1713:
1579:
1460:
1446:
1320:
1229:
1194:
1110:
1061:
1040:
432:
396:
259:
171:
160:
745:"Fifty years since the Gurindji strike: Unions and the fight for land rights"
1853:
1839:
1818:
1804:
1769:
1628:
1593:
1418:
1404:
1390:
1376:
1257:
1250:
1222:
1173:
1089:
1026:
925:
263:
85:
81:
508:. Speech by former Administrator Ted Egan AO at the launch of Volume II of
1902:
1867:
1720:
1691:
1656:
1530:
1467:
1236:
1180:
1103:
497:
428:
179:
141:
17:
1937:
1881:
1874:
1776:
1699:
1670:
1635:
1621:
1502:
1439:
1432:
1278:
1187:
1166:
1131:
1082:
1005:
905:
424:
416:
1916:
1762:
1755:
1642:
1614:
1362:
1327:
1215:
1159:
1117:
1075:
1033:
897:
258:
incident, a cook prepared a stew for some Bilinarra, lacing it with
1748:
1684:
1313:
799:
679:
677:
221:), that is, European, to venture into the Victoria Downs area was
186:
for preparing a medicinal drink or lotion, mixed with a slurry of
592:
590:
480:
478:
476:
201:('the place of women's children). Even the spirits of the dead (
962:
274:
with his girl. Jack Flinders eventually tracked him down near
810:
A Wild History: Life and Death on the Victoria River Frontier
132:
and Armstrong rivers join. Its eastern boundaries lay beyond
577:
575:
27:
Aboriginal Australian people of the Northern Territory
293:in 1967, to protest poor working conditions on the
69:is classified as an eastern variety of one of the
719:
695:
683:
668:
644:
632:
620:
608:
596:
554:
542:
484:
404:
832:Meakins, Felicity; Nordlinger, Rachel (2014).
120:, and, in its southern extension, down to the
974:
502:"Hermannsburg Mission: questions of survival"
84:people. Bilinarra is considered a dialect of
8:
2024:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory
237:on an area that extended over Bilingara and
80:and the dialect spoken by the neighbouring
981:
967:
959:
777:Die Eingeborenen der Kolonie Südaustralien
656:
530:
435:peoples to refer to themselves as a group
88:, though it shares more vocabulary with
566:
472:
445:
358:
731:
581:
457:
227:Francis Gregory and his brother Henry
7:
926:Australian National University Press
707:
128:stations and the junction where the
76:. It is mutually intelligible with
953:. Adelaide: W. J. Thomas & Co.
194:to treat congestion, for example.
25:
783:(in German). Berlin: D. Reimer.
155:Cultural practices and beliefs
1:
720:Meakins & Nordlinger 2014
696:Meakins & Nordlinger 2014
684:Meakins & Nordlinger 2014
669:Meakins & Nordlinger 2014
645:Meakins & Nordlinger 2014
633:Meakins & Nordlinger 2014
621:Meakins & Nordlinger 2014
609:Meakins & Nordlinger 2014
597:Meakins & Nordlinger 2014
555:Meakins & Nordlinger 2014
543:Meakins & Nordlinger 2014
485:Meakins & Nordlinger 2014
405:Meakins & Nordlinger 2014
233:and Maurice Lyons set up the
815:Monash University Publishing
235:Victoria River Downs Station
857:Rose, Deborah Bird (1991).
788:Gaunt, C. E. (5 May 1932).
136:. Numbers lived around the
2040:
790:"The Tragedy of Billiluna"
510:The Tale of Frieda Kaysser
217:The first non-Aboriginal (
29:
1947:
1000:
947:Willshire, W. H. (1896).
289:and other workers in the
865:Aboriginal Studies Press
774:Eylmann, Erhart (1908).
285:Bilinarra people joined
914:Tindale, Norman Barnett
807:Lewis, Darrell (2012).
454:The land of the dawning
30:For the language, see
1953:By state or territory
798:. Darwin – via
795:The Northern Standard
419:, a name used by the
282:, and shot him dead.
188:termite mound earth (
51:Aboriginal Australian
1426:Mantjintjarra Ngalia
500:(23 December 2019).
170:drew on things like
122:Victoria River Downs
950:Land of the dawning
460:, pp. 104.106)
180:Dodonaea polyzyga (
1966:Northern Territory
994:Northern Territory
751:. 9 September 2016
722:, pp. 17, 19.
698:, pp. 12, 15.
506:Alice Springs News
291:Wave Hill walk-off
213:History of contact
67:Bilinarra language
55:Northern Territory
32:Bilinarra language
2011:
2010:
2001:Western Australia
942:on 20 March 2020.
935:978-0-708-10741-6
874:978-0-855-75224-8
849:978-1-614-51274-5
840:Walter de Gruyter
824:978-1-921-86726-2
749:Solidarity Online
671:, pp. 16–17.
533:, pp. 95–97.
301:Alternative names
138:Billiluna Station
74:Ngumbin languages
16:(Redirected from
2031:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1735:Ritharngu/Diakui
1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1412:Makarrwanhalmirr
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1008:
983:
976:
969:
960:
954:
943:
938:. Archived from
918:"Bilingara (NT)"
909:
878:
853:
828:
803:
784:
782:
761:
760:
758:
756:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
642:
636:
630:
624:
618:
612:
606:
600:
594:
585:
579:
570:
564:
558:
552:
546:
540:
534:
528:
522:
521:
519:
517:
512:by John Strehlow
494:
488:
482:
461:
450:
223:John Lort Stokes
21:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1980:South Australia
1978:
1971:
1964:
1959:New South Wales
1957:
1952:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1889:Yan-nhaŋu/Nango
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1004:
996:
992:peoples in the
987:
957:
946:
936:
912:
898:10.2307/2787434
881:
875:
856:
850:
831:
825:
806:
787:
780:
773:
769:
764:
754:
752:
743:
742:
738:
730:
726:
718:
714:
706:
702:
694:
690:
682:
675:
667:
663:
655:
651:
643:
639:
631:
627:
619:
615:
611:, p. 1,17.
607:
603:
595:
588:
580:
573:
565:
561:
553:
549:
541:
537:
529:
525:
515:
513:
496:
495:
491:
483:
474:
470:
465:
464:
451:
447:
442:
413:
367:
303:
215:
157:
111:
94:W. H. Willshire
63:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2037:
2035:
2027:
2026:
2016:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1707:Pitjantjatjara
1703:
1696:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1552:Murngin=Yolgnu
1548:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1001:
998:
997:
988:
986:
985:
978:
971:
963:
956:
955:
944:
934:
910:
879:
873:
854:
848:
829:
823:
804:
785:
770:
768:
765:
763:
762:
736:
724:
712:
700:
688:
673:
661:
657:Willshire 1896
649:
637:
625:
613:
601:
586:
584:, p. 129.
571:
559:
547:
535:
531:Willshire 1896
523:
489:
471:
469:
466:
463:
462:
444:
443:
441:
438:
437:
436:
412:
409:
401:
400:
390:
384:
374:
366:
363:
355:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
302:
299:
295:cattle station
231:Charles Fisher
214:
211:
156:
153:
114:Norman Tindale
110:
107:
62:
59:
53:people of the
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2036:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1587:Ngaanyatjarra
1584:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1573:Nanggikorongo
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1559:Murrinh-Patha
1556:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1538:Mulluk-Mulluk
1535:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1524:Menhdheyangal
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1353:
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1346:
1343:
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1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1265:Garrwa/Karawa
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
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1140:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
995:
991:
984:
979:
977:
972:
970:
965:
964:
961:
952:
951:
945:
941:
937:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
886:
880:
876:
870:
866:
862:
861:
855:
851:
845:
841:
837:
836:
830:
826:
820:
816:
812:
811:
805:
801:
797:
796:
791:
786:
779:
778:
772:
771:
766:
750:
746:
740:
737:
733:
728:
725:
721:
716:
713:
710:, p. 45.
709:
704:
701:
697:
692:
689:
686:, p. 17.
685:
680:
678:
674:
670:
665:
662:
659:, p. 41.
658:
653:
650:
647:, p. 16.
646:
641:
638:
635:, p. 15.
634:
629:
626:
623:, p. 13.
622:
617:
614:
610:
605:
602:
599:, p. 12.
598:
593:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
569:, p. 22.
568:
563:
560:
557:, p. 11.
556:
551:
548:
544:
539:
536:
532:
527:
524:
511:
507:
503:
499:
493:
490:
486:
481:
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473:
467:
459:
455:
449:
446:
439:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:
414:
410:
408:
407:, p. 12
406:
398:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
378:
375:
372:
369:
368:
364:
362:
361:, p. 22
360:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
304:
300:
298:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
267:
265:
261:
256:
253:In Bilinarra
251:
248:
247:forced labour
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
212:
210:
208:
207:gurwarlambara
204:
200:
199:Gurdurdularni
195:
193:
191:
185:
183:
177:
175:
172:lemon grass (
169:
166:Their native
164:
162:
154:
152:
151:
149:
146:Pigeon Hole (
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
108:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
68:
60:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
41:, also spelt
40:
33:
19:
1910:Yindjilandji
1650:Ngolokwangga
1454:Marimanindji
1342:Karrangpurru
1096:
1055:Anindilyakwa
1048:Andakerebina
949:
940:the original
921:
889:
883:
859:
834:
809:
793:
776:
753:. Retrieved
748:
739:
734:, p. 4.
727:
715:
703:
691:
664:
652:
640:
628:
616:
604:
567:Tindale 1974
562:
550:
545:, p. 2.
538:
526:
514:. Retrieved
509:
505:
492:
487:, p. 1.
453:
448:
427:, Bilinara,
402:
392:
386:
376:
370:
359:Tindale 1974
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
284:
280:Louisa Downs
268:
255:oral history
252:
243:
239:Karrangpurru
218:
216:
206:
202:
198:
196:
189:
181:
173:
168:pharmacopeia
165:
158:
147:
112:
101:
71:Pama-Nyungan
64:
46:
42:
38:
36:
1664:Norweilemil
1496:Marrithiyal
1489:Marranunggu
1286:Gungorogone
892:: 193–194.
516:12 November
381:bush turkey
161:corroborees
126:Pigeon Hole
1973:Queensland
1861:Wongkamala
1833:Warndarang
1728:Rembarrnga
1714:Pongaponga
1678:Nunggubuyu
1608:Ngaliwurru
1580:Nangiomeri
1461:Marinunggo
1447:Maridjabin
1370:Kungarakan
1321:Jamindjung
1230:Emmiyangal
1195:Djerimanga
1111:Bingongina
1062:Anmatyerre
990:Aboriginal
732:Gaunt 1932
582:Terry 1926
458:Lewis 2012
433:Ngarinyman
397:barramundi
389:(kangaroo)
373:. (goanna)
365:Some words
347:Pillenurra
327:Bilyanurra
322:Bilyanarra
317:Billianera
276:Mary River
260:strychnine
190:mardumardu
86:Ngarinyman
1854:Wilingura
1840:Warumungu
1819:Warlmanpa
1770:Wadjiginy
1629:Ngarinman
1594:Ngalakgan
1545:Muringura
1510:Matuntara
1419:Mangarayi
1405:Madngella
1391:Kwarandji
1384:Kunwinjku
1377:Kunibidji
1293:Gunindiri
1258:Gambalang
1251:Gadjerong
1223:Doolboong
1174:Djalakuru
1097:Bilingara
1090:Beriguruk
1041:Amijangal
1027:Alyawarre
708:Rose 1991
498:Egan, Ted
468:Citations
312:Bilinurra
272:Kimberley
264:Ngarinman
203:yirrmarug
182:yirrigaji
134:Killarney
82:Ngarinman
49:, are an
43:Bilingara
39:Bilinarra
18:Bilingara
2018:Category
1994:Victoria
1987:Tasmania
1903:Yaroinga
1868:Wulwulam
1826:Warlpiri
1812:Wardaman
1805:Wandjira
1721:Puneitja
1692:Perrakee
1657:Ngormbur
1531:Mudburra
1468:Marijedi
1398:Larrakia
1349:Kaytetye
1300:Gurindji
1272:Giimbiyu
1237:Gaagudju
1104:Binbinga
1069:Arrernte
916:(1974).
755:9 August
429:Mudburra
421:Gurindji
411:See also
403:Source:
393:yinarrwa
357:Source:
342:Bulinara
337:Bringara
332:Boonarra
307:Bilinara
287:Gurindji
174:gubuwubu
148:Balarrgi
142:Mudburra
130:Victoria
118:Delamere
90:Gurindji
78:Gurindji
61:Language
47:Bilinara
1938:Yunggor
1896:Yanyuwa
1882:Yangman
1875:Wurango
1798:Wambaya
1777:Wagoman
1700:Pintupi
1671:Nungali
1636:Ngarnka
1622:Ngardok
1503:Mati Ke
1440:Maridan
1433:Mariamo
1356:Kukatja
1335:Jingili
1307:Iwaidja
1279:Gudanji
1202:Djinang
1188:Djerait
1167:Dhuwala
1146:Dalabon
1132:Dagoman
1125:Burarra
1083:Awinmul
1006:Airiman
906:2787434
767:Sources
425:Malngin
417:Ngumpit
371:girrawa
352:Plinara
241:lands.
219:gardiya
109:Country
1917:Yolngu
1784:Wakaya
1763:Wadere
1756:Waanyi
1643:Ngarti
1615:Ngandi
1601:Ngalia
1566:Nagara
1363:Kunapa
1328:Jawoyn
1216:Djowei
1209:Djinba
1160:Dhuwal
1118:Bininj
1076:Awarai
1034:Amarak
932:
904:
871:
846:
821:
1924:Yukul
1847:Watta
1749:Tjial
1685:Oitbi
1517:Maung
1482:Marra
1475:Mariu
1314:Jaako
1244:Gaari
1181:Djaŋu
1153:Dangu
1020:Alura
1013:Alawa
902:JSTOR
800:Trove
781:(PDF)
440:Notes
377:jamud
98:Kriol
1931:Yumu
1791:Walu
1742:Tiwi
1139:Daii
930:ISBN
869:ISBN
844:ISBN
819:ISBN
757:2020
518:2022
431:and
387:jiya
278:and
178:and
124:and
102:bili
65:The
45:and
37:The
894:doi
885:Man
395:. (
379:. (
2020::
928:.
924:.
920:.
900:.
890:26
888:.
867:.
863:.
842:.
838:.
817:.
813:.
792:.
747:.
676:^
589:^
574:^
504:.
475:^
423:,
297:.
57:.
1694:?
982:e
975:t
968:v
908:.
896::
877:.
852:.
827:.
802:.
759:.
520:.
399:)
383:)
192:)
184:)
176:)
150:)
34:.
20:)
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