909:
670:. The morphing wings were inspired by different bird species that have differently shaped wings according to the speed at which they fly. In order to change the shape and underlying structure of the aircraft wings, the researchers needed to make the overlying skin also be able to change, which their design does by covering the wings with fish-inspired scales that could slide over each other. In some respects this is a refinement of the
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which would respond to changes in moisture by changing shape," he said. "There are several such systems in plants, but most are very small—the pinecone is the largest and therefore the easiest to work on." Pinecones respond to higher humidity by opening their scales (to disperse their seeds). The
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people. Since the bionic ear, many bionic devices have emerged and work is progressing on bionics solutions for other sensory disorders (e.g. vision and balance). Bionic research has recently provided treatments for medical problems such as neurological and psychiatric conditions, for example
1105:
Business biomimetics is the latest development in the application of biomimetics. Specifically it applies principles and practice from biological systems to business strategy, process, organization design, and strategic thinking. It has been successfully used by a range of industries in
1061:
which has led to the total loss of his central vision. He is using a retinal implant that converts video images from a miniature video camera worn on his glasses. He can now make out the direction of white lines on a computer screen using the retinal implant." The implant, known as the
355:
between lifeforms and manufactured objects is desirable because evolutionary pressure typically forces living organisms—fauna and flora—to become optimized and efficient. For example, dirt- and water-repellent paint (coating) was inspired by the hydrophobic properties of the
797:
Techno
Ecosystems or 'Eco Cyborg' systems involve the coupling of natural ecological processes to technological ones which mimic ecological functions. This results in the creation of a self-regulating hybrid system. Research into this field was initiated by
1085:, a UK bionics enterprise. The Hero Arm is a lightweight myoelectric prosthesis for below-elbow amputee adults and children aged eight and above. Tilly Lockey, who at 15 months had both her arms amputated after being diagnosed with
212:
1147:
Another, more recent meaning of the term bionics refers to merging organism and machine. This approach results in a hybrid system combining biological and engineering parts, which can also be referred as a cybernetic organism
892:
A bio-inspired mechanical device can generate plasma in water via cavitation using the morphological accurate snapping shrimp claw. This was described in detail by Xin Tang and David Staack in an article published in
1369:
Nepal, Dhriti; Kang, Saewon; Adstedt, Katarina M.; Kanhaiya, Krishan; Bockstaller, Michael R.; Brinson, L. Catherine; Buehler, Markus J.; Coveney, Peter V.; Dayal, Kaushik; El-Awady, Jaafar A.; Henderson, Luke C.;
230:
912:
962:, always adheres to the broader meaning, in that it tries to develop engineering solutions from biological models. This approach is motivated by the fact that biological solutions will usually be optimized by
1092:
On
February 17, 2020, Darren Fuller, a military veteran, became the first person to receive a bionic arm under a public healthcare system. Fuller lost the lower section of his right arm while serving term in
844:
The field of bionics has inspired new aircraft designs which offer greater agility along with other advantages. This has been described by Geoff
Spedding, Måns Rosén, and Anders Hedenström in an article in
250:
1042:
that was able to process images in the same manner as a living retina. He confirmed the results by comparing the electrical signals from his silicon retina to the electrical signals produced by a
969:
While the technologies that make bionic implants possible are developing gradually, a few successful bionic devices already exist, a well known one being the
Australian-invented multi-channel
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reported, "surgeons in
Manchester have performed the first bionic eye implant in a patient with the most common cause of sight loss in the developed world. Ray Flynn, 80, has dry age-related
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The study of bionics often emphasizes implementing a function found in nature rather than imitating biological structures. For example, in computer science,
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2023:
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blades used at the turn of the 19th century to cut down trees when it was still done by hand was modeled after observations of a wood-burrowing
1750:
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has abstracted the self-assembled structure of the organic CLCs to produce analogous optical devices using tiny lengths of inorganic, twisted
666:"Morphing aircraft wings" that change shape according to the speed and duration of flight were designed in 2004 by biomimetic scientists from
2106:
1801:
1703:
1751:"A family of vortex wakes generated by a thrush nightingale in free flight in a wind tunnel over its entire natural range of flight speeds"
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460:. However, terms like biomimicry or biomimetics are preferred in order to avoid confusion with the medical term "bionics." Coincidentally,
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Medical adhesives involving glue and tiny nano-hairs are being developed based on the physical structures found in the feet of geckos.
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also show similarities with biological viruses, attacking program-oriented information towards self-reproduction and dissemination.
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strain B, describes the Hero Arms as “really realistic, to the point where it was quite creepy how realistic they were.”
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Bionics and
Engineering: The Relevance of Biology to Engineering, presented at Society of Women Engineers Convention
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in 1935 after studying the mechanism of cat eyes. He had found that cats had a system of reflecting cells, known as
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663:"smart" fabric does the same thing, opening up when the wearer is warm and sweating and shutting tight when cold.
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The conscious copying of examples and mechanisms from natural organisms and ecologies is a form of applied
371:" is preferred for references to chemical reactions, such as reactions that, in nature, involve biological
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and vice versa. Hence, there are two slightly different points of view regarding the meaning of the word.
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Lipov A.N. "At the origins of modern bionics. Bio-morphological formation in an artificial environment."
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The wing structure of butterflies has also inspired the creation of new nanosensors to detect explosives.
544:
There are generally three biological levels in the fauna or flora after which technology can be modeled:
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Lipov A.N. "At the origins of modern bionics. Bio-morphological formation in an artificial environment"
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about LEVs. This research in bionics may also be used to create more efficient helicopters or miniature
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that change color with temperature changes. They change color because their molecules are arranged in a
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when he developed in 2004 "smart" clothing that adapts to changing temperatures. "I wanted a nonliving
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Some paints and roof tiles have been engineered to be self-cleaning by copying the mechanism from the
382:
Examples of bionics in engineering include the hulls of boats imitating the thick skin of dolphins or
1945:
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dynamics of ecosystems as being analogous to energy flow between components of an electrical circuit.
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is a replacement for rubber that has been created by studying the material also found in arthropods.
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1005:. This technology allows amputee patients to handle prosthetic hand systems in a more natural way.
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arrangement and with temperature the pitch of that helical structure changes, reflecting different
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Vincent, J. F. V.; Bogatyreva, O. A.; Bogatyrev, N. R.; Bowyer, A. & Pahl, A.-K. (2006).
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models the feedback and control mechanisms that are inherent in intelligent behavior, while
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625:. The blades were significantly more efficient and thus revolutionized the timber industry.
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592:, bionics and biomimetics are used to apply the way animals move to the design of robots.
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was cleaning his dog of burrs picked up on a walk when he realized how the hooks of the
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476:. Caidin was a long-time aviation industry writer before turning to fiction full-time.
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A 2006 research article estimated that "at present there is only a 12% overlap between
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645:'s flying machines and ships are early examples of drawing from nature in engineering.
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Center for
Biologically Inspired Robotics Research at Case Western Reserve University
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models the intelligent function regardless of the particular way it can be achieved.
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Videler, J. J.; Stamhuis, EJ; Povel, GD (2004). "Leading-Edge Vortex Lifts Swifts".
1538:
1081:(born October 7, 2005) was fitted with a pair of bionic "Hero Arms" manufactured by
851:. Similar statements were also made by John Videler and Eize Stamhuis in their book
701:(CLCs) are the thin-film material often used to fabricate fish tank thermometers or
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Biologically
Inspired Design group at the Design and Intelligence Lab, Georgia Tech
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Laboratory for Nature
Inspired Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University
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or other body parts by mechanical versions. Bionic implants differ from mere
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344:. All three stories feature humans given various superhuman powers by their
1983:
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1407:
1530:
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1374:; Keten, Sinan; Kotov, Nicholas A.; Schatz, George C. (28 November 2022).
2228:
Centre for Nature
Inspired Engineering at UCL (University College London)
990:
983:
974:
589:
1934:"Bioinspired mechanical device generates plasma in water via cavitation"
955:
by mimicking the original function very closely, or even surpassing it.
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Biologically Inspired Product Development at the University of Maryland
2222:
2198:. 1993. PRO FUTURA Verlag GmbH, München, Umweltstiftung WWF Deutschland
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to stick to rocks, piers, and boat hulls inspired bioadhesive gel for
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and producing optimized solutions that had never appeared in nature.
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Bio Inspired Engineering at the Applied University Kufstein, Austria
1610:
RFID Through Water and on Metal with 99.9% Reliability (Episode 015)
1586:"Butterflies' wings dazzle with science | University of Southampton"
1012:
were developed. Significant progress is expected with the advent of
920:
Induced sensorimotor brain plasticity controls pain in phantom limb.
770:
was studied and the way it reflects light was mimicked to create an
101:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
2107:"Military veteran first person to get 3D-printed 'hero arm' on NHS"
470:, which was adapted into the television film and subsequent series
375:(e.g., enzymes or nucleic acids) whose chemistry can be replicated
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1695:
Ecological and general systems: an introduction to systems ecology
1027:
During his eight years in the Department of Bioengineering at the
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Center for Biologically Inspired Materials & Material Systems
2081:"Tilly Lockey, bionic arm girl: "My difference is my superpower""
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is the application of biological methods and systems found in
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66:
25:
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2249:
533:, the modern origins of this field are usually attributed to
2148:. Bath.ac.uk (21 February 2009). Retrieved on 23 April 2011.
1097:
during an incident that involved mortar ammunition in 2008.
1020:, an artificial red cell designed (though not yet built) by
2244:
1338:"Superhydrophobic and superoleophobic properties in nature"
639:, which was capable of reflecting the tiniest bit of light.
537:
and its later codification as a house or field of study to
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eye while the two retinas were looking at the same image.
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and physical mechanisms that produce the shining color of
322:
which was popularized by the 1970s U.S. television series
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have been working in a similar direction and created the
444:
in the 1950s. The term "bionics" was later introduced by
2139:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath
1728:"Mussel glue inspires bioadhesive gel for blood vessels"
602:
is the most famous example of biomimetics. In 1948, the
743:, professor of Electronics and Computer Science at the
596:
was based on the movements and physiology of kangaroos.
491:
was inspired by the tiny hooks found on the surface of
90:
2227:
1903:. Journalism.berkeley.edu. Retrieved on 23 April 2011.
1376:"Hierarchically structured bioinspired nanocomposites"
574:, and the swarm intelligence (SI)-based behavior of a
1152:). Practical realization of this was demonstrated in
1016:. A well-known example of a proposed nanodevice is a
747:, and research student Luca Plattner in the field of
2245:
Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering
2172:
Biomimicry for Optimization, Control, and Automation
2031:. Canada: University of New Brunswick. p. 120.
1261:
Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering
1129:prototypes to get ideas for engineering solutions.
1749:Spedding, G. R.; Rosén, M.; Hedenström, A. (2003).
1650:
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
1622:Nanosensors inspired by butterfly wings (Wired UK)
421:but took the idea further by simulating evolution
351:According to proponents of bionic technology, the
2174:, Springer-Verlag, London, 2005, Kevin M. Passino
432:and technology in terms of the mechanisms used".
774:tag that can be read through water and on metal.
1294:Twenty-First Century's Fuel Sufficiency Roadmap
2233:Biological Robotics at the University of Tulsa
1336:Darmanin, Thierry; Guittard, Frédéric (2015).
865:, as stated by Bret Tobalske in an article in
2275:The Biologically Inspired Materials Institute
8:
1643:"Mind and autonomy in engineered biosystems"
558:Studying organizational principles from the
16:Application of natural systems to technology
2205:. No. 1–2. 2010. Ch. 1–2. pp. 126–136.
1641:Clark, O. G.; Kok, R.; Lacroix, R. (1999).
551:Imitating mechanisms found in nature (e.g.
264:behaviour (bottom) modeled after that of a
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1631:. Wired.co.uk. Retrieved on 23 April 2011.
1066:and manufactured in the US by the company
830:to achieve very efficient passive cooling.
2285:Biologically Inspired Materials Institute
2162:Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature
2105:Reporters, Telegraph (17 February 2020).
1973:
1766:
1661:
1554:. TreeHugger. Retrieved on 23 April 2011.
1473:
1353:
190:Learn how and when to remove this message
172:Learn how and when to remove this message
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
947:means the replacement or enhancement of
548:Mimicking natural methods of manufacture
2255:Center for Biologically Inspired Design
1932:Tang, Xin; Staack, David (March 2019).
1877:"The Flight of the Hummingbird Decoded"
1438:. Duke.edu. Retrieved on 23 April 2011.
1283:
1454:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
1156:'s implant experiments bringing about
889:(a UAV which can walk, crawl and fly).
759:as the information carrier instead of
654:Julian Vincent drew from the study of
617:The horn-shaped, saw-tooth design for
1450:"Biomimetics—its practice and theory"
440:The name "biomimetics" was coined by
7:
1738:from the original on 20 August 2014.
1503:Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
932:refers to the flow of concepts from
448:in August 1958 while working at the
405:, the study of bionics has produced
2192:, Seattle, WA, 1983, Jill E. Steele
1121:Generally, biometrics is used as a
855:and in the article they present in
1881:Northwest Science & Technology
1726:Beciri, Damir (14 December 2012).
1160:input via his own nervous system.
958:The German equivalent of bionics,
802:, who perceived the structure and
790:have wiring that is modeled after
144:tone or style may not reflect the
14:
2212:. No. 3. 2010. Part 3. pр. 80–91.
1114:the approach was launched at the
997:developed an upper limb and hand
464:used the word for his 1972 novel
283:biologically inspired engineering
41:This article has multiple issues.
2178:"Ideas Stolen Right from Nature"
2054:"Bionic eye implant world first"
1875:Cartier, Stephanie (Fall 2005).
1790:John J. Videler (October 2006).
1698:. University Press of Colorado.
522:minimizes and removes failures.
245:
226:
208:
154:guide to writing better articles
133:
71:
30:
1755:Journal of Experimental Biology
1239:Index of environmental articles
848:Journal of Experimental Biology
766:The wing structure of the blue
454:Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
379:using much smaller molecules.
49:or discuss these issues on the
2052:Walsh, Fergus (22 July 2015).
2025:MEC2002 Conference Proceedings
1692:Howard T. Odum (15 May 1994).
1552:Sto Lotusan – Biomimicry Paint
529:could be said to be a form of
1:
1672:10.1016/S0952-1976(99)00010-X
1291:Esomba, Steve (6 June 2012).
1068:Second Sight Medical Products
1355:10.1016/j.mattod.2015.01.001
560:social behavior of organisms
1796:. Oxford University Press.
1499:"The Foundation of Bionics"
1323:Online Etymology Dictionary
973:(bionic ear), a device for
699:Cholesteric liquid crystals
289:to the study and design of
97:the claims made and adding
2355:
2196:Bionics: Nature as a Model
1392:10.1038/s41563-022-01384-1
1255:The Six Million Dollar Man
1029:University of Pennsylvania
885:(a miniature UAV) and the
818:The cooling system of the
566:of birds, optimization of
473:The Six Million Dollar Man
450:Aeronautics Division House
417:. Bionics also influenced
411:artificial neural networks
334:, both based on the novel
325:The Six Million Dollar Man
18:
1918:21 September 2009 at the
1913:Design inspired by nature
1053:'s medical correspondent
1008:By 2004 fully functional
904:Specific uses of the term
745:University of Southampton
2295:20 December 2018 at the
2250:The Biomimicry Institute
2238:20 December 2018 at the
1899:16 December 2009 at the
419:Evolutionary computation
1846:10.1126/science.1104682
1627:17 October 2010 at the
1434:15 October 2012 at the
505:artificial intelligence
148:used on Knowledge (XXG)
21:Bionic (disambiguation)
2327:Biological engineering
2144:17 August 2009 at the
1958:10.1126/sciadv.aau7765
1466:10.1098/rsif.2006.0127
1176:Biomedical engineering
1049:On July 21, 2015, the
921:
833:Adhesive which allows
735:wings were reproduced
719:Chiral Photonics, Inc.
687:
496:
353:transfer of technology
152:See Knowledge (XXG)'s
2022:Rios, Alvaro (2002).
1590:www.southampton.ac.uk
1515:10.1353/pbm.1983.0005
1229:History of technology
919:
681:
668:Penn State University
487:
308:in August 1958, is a
1497:Roth, R. R. (1983).
1134:biomimetic synthesis
1123:creativity technique
1087:meningococcal sepsis
1072:retinitis pigmentosa
1059:macular degeneration
826:was modeled after a
792:real neural networks
682:Lotus leaf surface,
629:Cat's eye reflectors
525:Although almost all
512:case-based reasoning
19:For other uses, see
1950:2019SciA....5.7765T
1838:2004Sci...306.1960V
1832:(5703): 1960–1962.
1201:Bionic architecture
980:Parkinson's disease
396:animal echolocation
293:systems and modern
2223:Bionics Queensland
2002:Bionics Queensland
1894:How Do Flies Turn?
1681:on 18 August 2011.
1565:"Chiral Photonics"
1429:Research Interests
1138:chemical synthesis
1112:University of Bath
995:Alvaro Rios Poveda
922:
688:
686:: microscopic view
535:Buckminster Fuller
520:natural life forms
516:selective pressure
497:
415:swarm intelligence
407:artificial neurons
394:imaging imitating
82:possibly contains
1803:978-0-19-929992-8
1768:10.1242/jeb.00423
1761:(14): 2313–2344.
1705:978-0-87081-320-7
1010:artificial hearts
917:
643:Leonardo da Vinci
631:were invented by
614:clung to the fur.
608:George de Mestral
564:flocking behavior
346:electromechanical
253:
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217:
200:
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182:
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146:encyclopedic tone
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84:original research
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2322:1950s neologisms
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1998:"Bionic devices"
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1938:Science Advances
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1674:. Archived from
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1380:Nature Materials
1372:Kaplan, David L.
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1315:
1309:
1308:
1288:
1244:Neuroprosthetics
1196:(2007 TV series)
1187:The Bionic Woman
1132:In chemistry, a
1003:sensory feedback
971:cochlear implant
918:
896:Science Advances
813:Computer viruses
768:morpho butterfly
403:computer science
401:In the field of
331:The Bionic Woman
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1142:biochemical
1095:Afghanistan
1083:OpenBionics
1018:respirocyte
993:researcher
938:engineering
925:In medicine
877:as well as
875:UC Berkeley
753:electronics
751:, which is
741:Greg Parker
723:glass fiber
715:wavelengths
527:engineering
501:cybernetics
360:plant (the
320:electronics
310:portmanteau
291:engineering
2311:Categories
2210:Polygnosis
2203:Polygnosis
2124:3 February
1595:3 February
1570:3 February
1278:References
1266:Terminator
1249:Prosthesis
1206:Biophysics
1158:ultrasound
1127:biological
1101:Other uses
1044:salamander
999:prosthesis
953:prostheses
887:Entomopter
717:of light.
703:mood rings
672:swing-wing
633:Percy Shaw
619:lumberjack
531:biomimicry
392:ultrasound
369:biomimetic
367:The term "
348:implants.
295:technology
91:improve it
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1966:2375-2548
1658:CiteSeerX
1523:1529-8795
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1400:1476-1122
1318:"bionics"
991:Colombian
989:In 1997,
761:electrons
749:photonics
737:in silico
733:butterfly
656:pinecones
606:engineer
423:in silico
300:The word
266:cockroach
95:verifying
52:talk page
2293:Archived
2236:Archived
2164:. 1997.
2142:Archived
2007:27 April
1984:30899783
1916:Archived
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1736:Archived
1711:23 April
1625:Archived
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1432:Archived
1408:36446962
1164:See also
1077:In 2016,
1064:Argus II
984:epilepsy
966:forces.
684:rendered
590:robotics
583:Examples
377:in vitro
272:(middle)
2317:Bionics
2156:Sources
2090:17 June
2065:21 July
1975:6420313
1946:Bibcode
1834:Bibcode
1826:Science
1531:6341959
1475:1664643
1234:Implant
1224:(novel)
1037:silicon
945:bionics
934:biology
930:Bionics
883:Robofly
867:Science
858:Science
835:mussels
757:photons
707:helical
674:design.
649:Resilin
480:Methods
436:History
430:biology
315:biology
279:Bionics
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949:organs
869:about
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804:energy
755:using
711:chiral
660:system
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600:Velcro
553:velcro
489:Velcro
467:Cyborg
413:, and
337:Cyborg
302:bionic
287:nature
2183:Wired
2029:(PDF)
1922:, ESA
1858:S2CID
1679:(PDF)
1646:(PDF)
1535:S2CID
1412:S2CID
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612:burrs
604:Swiss
388:radar
384:sonar
312:from
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262:Robot
2126:2023
2115:ISSN
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2067:2015
2033:ISBN
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786:and
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