350:. Foucault's term refers to the intersection between power (political, economic, judicial etc.) and the individual's bodily autonomy. According to postcolonial theorists, present within the colonial setting are various mechanisms of power that consolidate the political authority of the colonizer; Biopolitics is thus the means by which a colonising force utilises political power to regulate and control the bodily autonomy of the colonized subject, who are oppressed and
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232:, primarily the study of the relationship between biology and political behavior. Most of these works agree on three fundamental aspects. First, the object of investigation is primarily political behavior, which—and this is the underlying assumption—is caused in a substantial way by objectively demonstrable biological factors. For example, the relationship of
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optimizing their health, productivity, and reproductive capacities in manners conducive to broader political and economic objectives. In its essence, biopolitics investigates how political power intersects with biological life, shaping the bodies, behaviors, and well-being of populations through diverse strategies and controls.
405:
Foucault gave numerous examples of biopolitical control when he first mentioned the concept in 1976. These examples include "ratio of births to deaths, the rate of reproduction, the fertility of a population, and so on." He contrasted this method of social control with political power in the Middle
366:
applied a psychoanalytic frame to his theories of subjectivity, arguing that the subjectivity of the colonized is in constant dialogue with the oppressive political power of the colonizer, a mirroring of the
Oedipal father-son dynamic. While not using the term himself, Fanon's work has been cited as
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Foucault's thesis claims that contemporary power structures are increasingly preoccupied with the administration of life itself, rather than solely focusing on individual behaviors or actions. Accordingly, biopolitics entails the governance of populations as biological entities, with an emphasis on
401:
Foucault described biopolitics as "a new technology of power... exists at a different level, on a different scale, and has a different bearing area, and makes use of very different instruments." More than a disciplinary mechanism, Foucault's biopolitics acts as a control apparatus exerted over a
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This interdisciplinary field scrutinizes the mechanisms through which political authorities and institutions exercise control over populations which goes beyond conventional forms of governance. This encompasses areas such as the regulation of health, reproduction, sexuality, and other aspects of
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of the population was coming to the fore through the concept of work, where
Foucault then argues power starts to become a target for this milieu by the 17th century. The development of vaccines and medicines dealing with public hygiene allowed death to be held (and/or withheld) from certain
220:(Greek for "life") as the central theme in every human endeavor, be it policy, education, art, government, science or technology. This concept uses bios as a term referring to all forms of life on our planet, including their genetic and geographic variation.
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over both the physical and political bodies of a population. While only mentioned briefly in his "Society Must Be
Defended" lectures, the conceptualisation of biopolitics developed by Foucault has become prominent in social science and the humanities.
47:
biological existence. The governmental power of biopolitics is exerted through practices such as surveillance, healthcare policies, population control measures, gender-based laws, and the implementation of biometric identification systems.
362:, analysed the means by which colonial powers rationalised their relationship with the colonized societies they inhabited through discursive means, and how these discourses continue to influence modern-day depictions of the Orient.
402:
population as a whole or, as
Foucault stated, "a global mass." In the years that followed, Foucault continued to develop his notions of the biopolitical in his "The Birth of Biopolitics" and "The Courage of Truth" lectures.
705:
John L. Pellam
Bibliotheque: Worldwide International Publishers (2011) "The Preeminent 500: 500 Exceptional Individuals of Achievement in Commerce Science & Technology, Medicine and the Arts & Letters" pg. 53.
93:. Kjellén used the term in the context of his aim to study "the civil war between social groups" (comprising the state) from a biological perspective, and thus named his putative discipline "biopolitics". In Kjellén's
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Liesen, Laurette T. and Walsh, Mary
Barbara, The Competing Meanings of 'Biopolitics' in Political Science: Biological and Post-Modern Approaches to Politics (2011). APSA 2011 Annual Meeting Paper
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Ages. Whereas in the Middle Ages pandemics made death a permanent and perpetual part of life, this was then shifted around the end of the 18th century with the introduction of
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John L. Pellam
Bibliotheque: Worldwide International Publishers "Encyclopedia Intelligentsia A Compendium of Great Thinkers and Bright Minds of the 21st Century", pg. 43.
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in the mid-20th century. At its core, biopolitics explores how governmental power operates through the management and regulation of a population's bodies and lives.
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populations. This was the introduction of "more subtle, more rational mechanisms: insurance, individual and collective savings, safety measures, and so on."
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group using the meaning assigned by
Foucault (denoting social and political power over life) and another group that uses it to denote studies relating
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UNESCO Eolss
Publishers Co. Ltd, (2001) Our Fragile World: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Development Vol. 1, Pg. 1027.
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Schirato, T., Danaher, G., & Jen, W. E. B. B. (2012). Understanding
Foucault: A critical introduction. Allen & Unwin. p. 90
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insurrection using life and the body as weapons; examples include flight from power and, "in its most tragic and revolting form",
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used the term to refer to his particular brand of "scientific racism," as he called it, which he worked out with noted antisemite
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Global Marshall Plan Foundation "Towards a World in Balance: A Virtual Congress for a Better Balanced World", pg. 169.
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Contesting a biopolitics of information and communications: The importance of truth and sousveillance after Snowden
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Nayar, P. K. (2019). Fanon and Biopolitics. In Frantz Fanon and Emancipatory Social Theory (pp. 217-230). Brill.
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first discussed his thoughts on biopolitics in his lecture series "Society Must Be Defended" given at the
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Lemke, T., Casper, M. J., & Moore, L. J. (2011). Biopolitics: an advanced introduction. NYU Press.
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Michel Foucault (2007) Security, Territory, Population 1977-1978 pp. 311-332 pp. 333-361 pp. 378-380
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using it in a 1934 speech to refer to their concept of nation and state based on racial supremacy.
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Evolutionary Approaches In The Behavioral Sciences: Toward A Better Understanding of Human Nature
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from 1975 to 1976. Foucault's concept of biopolitics is largely derived from his own notion of
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Citizen Cyborg: Why Democratic Societies Must Respond to the Redesigned Human of the Future
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Political administration and regulation of the life of species and a locality's populations
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a major development in the conceptualisation of biopolitics in the colonial setting.
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Science for Segregation: Race, Law, and the Case against Brown v. Board of Education
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On the Greek Origins of Biopolitics: A Reinterpretation of the History of Biopower.
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Biology and Political Behavior: The Brain, Genes and Politics - the Cutting Edge
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Biology and Political Behavior: The Brain, Genes and Politics - The Cutting Edge
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Biopolitics and the Mainstream: Contributions of Biology to Political Science
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I, Pierre Riviere, Having Slaughtered My Mother, My Sister and My Brother
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One usage concerns the interplay and interdisciplinary studies relating
314: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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that reflects and or advocates various positions towards regarding the
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Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975-1976
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Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975-1976
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Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975-1976
993:(1918) The New Freedom pp.45-48 Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall
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in: Surveillance & Society (volume 13, number 2; pages 153–167).
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was a quasi-biological organism, a "super-individual creature." The
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Security, Territory, Population Lectures At The College de France
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102:
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39:
Biopolitics is a concept popularized by the French philosopher
283:
272:
A less common one sometimes surfaces in the green politics of
128:. In the work of Foucault, biopolitics refers to the style of
566:"Rudolf Kjellén: Nordic biopolitics before the welfare state"
1438:
Aesthetics, Method, Epistemology (Essential Works Volume 2)
59:
Previous notions of the concept can be traced back to the
1430:
Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth (Essential Works Volume 1)
346:, has proven to be a substantive concept in the field of
162:
is "a loose association of cell and protozoa colonies".
105:
also subsequently used the term in the context of their
1041:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 55–86, 20, 27 (Note 37).
948:
Fanon, F. (2008). Black skin, white masks. Grove press.
120:
studies, usage of the term is mostly divided between a
1173:
Apparatus, Capture, Trace: Photography and Biopolitics
1056:. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press. pp. 243–244.
414:. Foucault then gives different contrasts to the then
190:
dedicated to Roberts and reprinted some of his works.
493:
Foucault, Michel (1999). Carrette, Jeremy R. (ed.).
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1684:
1568:
1302:
1223:
840:"Ernst Haeckel: the art of evolution – in pictures"
518:
516:
514:
1095:Ancient eugenics, the Arnold prize essay for 1913
1016:. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press. p. 243.
677:Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire
527:. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press. p. 242.
85:, a political scientist who also coined the term
939:Said, E. W. (1979). Orientalism. Vintage. p.113
342:Biopolitics, read as a variation of Foucault's
1154:Editors Steven A. Peterson Albert Somit (2001)
1147:Editors Albert Somit Steven A. Peterson (1999)
1140:Editors Albert Somit Steven A. Peterson (1998)
1133:Editors Albert Somit Steven A. Peterson (1997)
1126:Editors Albert Somit Steven A. Peterson (1996)
1119:Editors Steven A. Peterson Albert Somit (1995)
1105:Glendon A Schubert. Editor Albert Somit (1991)
455:
453:
1201:
1145:Ethnic Conflicts Explained By Ethnic Nepotism
8:
1329:Foucault's lectures at the Collège de France
1131:Recent Explorations in Biology and Politics
1208:
1194:
1186:
818:. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 232.
812:Albert Somit; Steven A. Peterson (2011).
330:Learn how and when to remove this message
674:Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri (2005).
627:
625:
623:
431:
381:French philosopher and social theorist
1103:Sexual Politics and Political Feminism
1834:Power (social and political) concepts
788:Biopolitics: An Advanced Introduction
648:John P. Jackson Jr. (1 August 2005).
603:Biopolitics: An Advanced Introduction
495:Religion and culture: Michel Foucault
7:
1178:Verde Garrido, Miguelángel. (2015).
546:
544:
488:
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469:. U of Minnesota Press. p. 16.
437:
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312:adding citations to reliable sources
236:, but also biological correlates of
201:, biopolitics is framed in terms of
1315:Introduction to Kant's Anthropology
1157:Research In Biopolitics: Volume 9:
1150:Research In Biopolitics: Volume 8:
1143:Research In Biopolitics: Volume 7:
1136:Research In Biopolitics: Volume 6:
1129:Research in Biopolitics: Volume 5:
1122:Research in Biopolitics: Volume 4:
1115:Research in Biopolitics: Volume 3:
1108:Research in Biopolitics: Volume 2:
1101:Research in Biopolitics: Volume 1:
170:, with whom Kuttner co-founded the
1343:Language, Counter-Memory, Practice
188:Biopolitics of Organic Materialism
25:
1693:Cogito and the History of Madness
1510:The Government of Self and Others
234:biology and political orientation
174:in the late 1950s, and also with
140:" (the application and impact of
1454:Power (Essential Works Volume 3)
466:Bios: Biopolitics and Philosophy
288:
158:argued that a correct model for
1534:On the Government of the Living
1494:Security, Territory, Population
1470:The Hermeneutics of the Subject
552:Security, Territory, Population
299:needs additional citations for
1713:The Passion of Michel Foucault
1699:Foucauldian discourse analysis
261:Another common usage is per a
182:, who was in turn inspired by
89:, in his 1905 two-volume work
77:was coined and used. The term
1:
1398:Politics, Philosophy, Culture
1232:Mental Illness and Psychology
791:. NYU Press. pp. 16–17.
758:Biology and Political Science
654:. NYU Press. pp. 63–64.
230:biology and political science
126:biology and political science
1666:Power (social and political)
1526:Lectures on the Will to Know
1276:The Archaeology of Knowledge
1161:; Editor Albert Somit (2011)
971:. Picador. pp. 242–243.
606:. NYU Press. pp. 9–10.
252:'s famous proposition that "
1850:
1550:Wrong-Doing, Truth-Telling
1112:Editor Albert Somit (1994)
374:
255:olitics is applied biology
31:
1171:Steinmann, Kate. (2011).
1138:Sociobiology and Politics
1117:Human Nature and Politics
1052:Foucault, Michel (1997).
1037:Michel, Foucault (2007).
1012:Foucault, Michel (1997).
967:Michel, Foucault (2003).
564:Gunneflo, Markus (2015).
523:Foucault, Michel (1997).
442:Michel, Foucault (1975).
172:Institute for Biopolitics
1778:Foucault–Habermas debate
1606:Disciplinary institution
1502:The Birth of Biopolitics
1422:Society Must Be Defended
1375:Le DĂ©sordre des familles
1292:The History of Sexuality
1240:Madness and Civilization
969:Society Must Be Defended
497:. Taylor & Francis.
446:. pp. 241–244, 252.
444:Society Must Be Defended
214:Agni Vlavianos Arvanitis
144:on all aspects of human
32:Not to be confused with
1783:Chomsky–Foucault debate
1558:On the Punitive Society
1255:Death and the Labyrinth
1248:The Birth of the Clinic
1124:Research in Biopolitics
393:, and the extension of
280:In the colonial setting
212:According to Professor
1542:Subjectivity and Truth
1478:The Essential Foucault
1391:What Is Enlightenment?
1175:in: Fillip. Fall 2011.
872:Hughes, James (2004).
55:Notions of biopolitics
1414:The Politics of Truth
1284:Discipline and Punish
755:Robert Blank (2001).
1601:Cultural imperialism
1596:Carceral archipelago
1518:The Courage of Truth
902:"Fusion Biopolitics"
761:. Psychology Press.
348:postcolonial studies
308:improve this article
73:, in which the term
1383:The Foucault Reader
1262:The Order of Things
900:(31 January 2002).
846:. 1 November 2017.
412:biological sciences
154:, in his 1938 book
116:In contemporary US
1626:Ecogovernmentality
1616:Discourse analysis
1323:What Is an Author?
1269:This Is Not a Pipe
876:. Westview Press.
680:. Hamish Hamilton.
263:political spectrum
224:Alternative usages
81:was first used by
1806:
1805:
1486:Psychiatric Power
1303:Essays, lectures,
1098:Oxford: Blackwell
825:978-0-85724-580-9
798:978-0-8147-5241-8
768:978-0-415-20436-1
728:978-1-882292-39-4
661:978-0-8147-4382-9
613:978-0-8147-5241-8
550:Michel Foucault:
476:978-0-8166-4989-1
420:industrialisation
416:physical sciences
387:Collège de France
340:
339:
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207:suicide terrorism
164:Robert E. Kuttner
122:poststructuralist
118:political science
65:John of Salisbury
16:(Redirected from
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1766:Related articles
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1745:Claude Raffestin
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418:in which the
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297:This section
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251:
250:Ernst Haeckel
248:.) Note here
247:
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208:
204:
200:
199:Antonio Negri
196:
195:Michael Hardt
191:
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107:racial policy
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72:
71:
66:
62:
54:
52:
48:
44:
42:
35:
30:
19:
1773:Bibliography
1754:
1750:Nikolas Rose
1740:Paul Rabinow
1735:James Miller
1730:Thomas Lemke
1725:Gary Gutting
1711:
1703:
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1556:
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962:
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944:
935:
926:
914:. Retrieved
910:the original
892:
873:
867:
855:. Retrieved
844:the Guardian
843:
834:
814:
807:
787:
783:Thomas Lemke
777:
757:
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598:Thomas Lemke
592:
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404:
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380:
341:
326:
317:
306:Please help
301:verification
298:
271:
269:revolution.
260:
253:
246:sociobiology
244:. (See also
238:partisanship
227:
217:
211:
192:
187:
184:Arthur Keith
156:Bio-politics
155:
150:
115:
90:
78:
75:body politic
70:Policraticus
68:
58:
49:
45:
38:
29:
18:Biopolitical
1819:Biopolitics
1695:" (Derrida)
1676:Sapere aude
1646:Heterotopia
1586:Biopolitics
1307:anthologies
1295:(1976–2018)
395:state power
364:Franz Fanon
360:Orientalism
356:Edward Said
134:populations
111:Hans Reiter
87:geopolitics
79:biopolitics
61:Middle Ages
1813:Categories
1621:Dispositif
1063:0312422660
1023:0312422660
906:The Nation
534:0312422660
375:See also:
130:government
97:view, the
95:organicist
34:Biocontrol
1824:Bioethics
1708:(Deleuze)
1685:Influence
1661:Parrhesia
1636:Genealogy
1086:Routledge
852:0261-3077
712:779830043
584:0105-1121
410:into the
352:subaltern
320:June 2023
136:through "
1716:(Miller)
1705:Foucault
1631:Episteme
1591:Biopower
1569:Concepts
1446:Abnormal
1393:" (1984)
1325:" (1969)
1092:(1913).
1082:(2016).
916:16 March
785:(2011).
600:(2011).
463:(2008).
391:biopower
377:Biopower
344:Biopower
138:biopower
67:'s work
637:1902949
571:Retfærd
267:biotech
109:, with
1561:(2015)
1553:(2013)
1545:(2012)
1537:(2012)
1529:(2011)
1521:(2009)
1513:(2008)
1505:(2004)
1497:(2004)
1489:(2003)
1481:(2003)
1473:(2001)
1465:(2001)
1457:(2000)
1449:(1999)
1441:(1998)
1433:(1997)
1425:(1997)
1417:(1997)
1409:(1996)
1401:(1988)
1386:(1984)
1378:(1982)
1370:(1980)
1362:(1980)
1354:(1978)
1346:(1977)
1338:(1973)
1318:(1964)
1287:(1975)
1279:(1969)
1271:(1968)
1265:(1966)
1257:(1963)
1251:(1963)
1243:(1961)
1235:(1954)
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473:
408:milieu
1224:Books
857:8 May
578:(3).
427:Notes
103:Nazis
99:state
1058:ISBN
1018:ISBN
918:2008
878:ISBN
859:2024
848:ISSN
820:ISBN
793:ISBN
763:ISBN
740:ISBN
724:ISBN
708:OCLC
691:ISBN
656:ISBN
633:SSRN
608:ISBN
580:ISSN
529:ISBN
499:ISBN
471:ISBN
240:and
218:bios
197:and
146:life
310:by
148:).
63:in
1815::
904:.
842:.
622:^
576:35
574:.
568:.
543:^
513:^
485:^
452:^
434:^
354:.
276:.
257:."
1691:"
1389:"
1321:"
1209:e
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327:(
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318:(
304:.
36:.
20:)
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