61:
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341:(5 miles (8.0 km) from the labor camp) were nicknamed "Black Hammer" by Allied bomber aircrews. The facilities were approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) apart with each occupying a 3,000 × 5,000 ft (914 × 1524 m) area in open country. Similar to the
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1141:
319:) production began April 1, 1944 with 4000 prisoners, with the slave labor camp holding these prisoners during April 1944, becoming a satellite camp of the dreaded Auschwitz extermination camp, as
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673:
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465:
560:
729:
1149:
587:
110:
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164:
848:
Parramore, Col Woody W. "The
Combined Bomber Offensive's Destruction of Germany's Refined-Fuels Industry." Air & Space Power Journal 26.2 (2012).
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21:
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the main one referred to as 'E3' in the Stalag labour system was to be found there, though the others in and around the area include: BAB
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In April 1944 Blechhammer became a satellite camp of
Auschwitz, named Arbeitslager Blechhammer, a.k.a. Labor Camp Blechhammer.
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321:
1197:
567:
759:
588:"Report On Investigations by Fuels and Lubricants Teams At The I.G. Farbenindustrie, A. G., Works, Ludwigshafen and Oppau"
362:
291:). Labor camp prisoners began arriving as early as June 17, 1942, and in July 1944, 400–500 men were transferred from the
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1172:"Anlage zu § 1 Verzeichnis der Konzentrationslager und ihrer Außenkommandos gemäß § 42 Abs. 2 BEG"
886:
859:
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365:
considered
Blechhammer one of the four "principal synthetic oil plants in Germany", and after the
992:
591:
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647:
369:
had dropped 7,082 tons (14,164,000 lbs; 6,424 tonnes) of bombs on
Blechhammer, the Blechhammer
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303:) crematorium was at Sławięcice.) and Bau und Arbeits Battalion (BAB, English:
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16:
This article is about World War II military facilities. For other uses, see
790:"Wyniki wyszukiwania-Urząd Miasta Kędzierzyn-Koźle-www.kedzierzynkozle.pl"
388:, BAB 21 went to Landshut) and on January 25, labor camp prisoners were
308:
237:
144:
396:(about 20% died en route). Some small groups did manage to escape (see
312:
403:
The "7 Company" was the guard battalion for
Blechhammer, and the 1945
358:
307:) 21 was a mile from the Blechhammer oil plants and was not far from
437:, the POW diary of Reg Beattie and by a Czech survivor, journalist
518:
1142:"Auschwitz-Birkenau - Auschwitz III-Monowitz Concentration Camp"
824:
Tommy's Log: The
Logbook of Tachus (Tommy) Constantine McNamee
920:
Flight to Black Hammer: the letters of a World War II pilot
1198:"The Wartime Memories Project - STALAG 8b (344) POW Camp"
1174:(in German). Bundesministerium der Justiz. Archived from
433:
Life at
Blechhamer and the work parties is described in
384:
In March 1945 the POWs were evacuated. One camp went to
1029:. Air Force Historical Study (AFHS) No. 103. p. 3
967:
The German
Chemical Industry in the Twentieth Century
333:
Two plants in the area, Blechhammer North (south of
1278:
218:
208:
200:
195:
70:
31:
594:, Office of Synthetic Liquid Fuels. Archived from
429:: BAB 21 (E794), 40, 48; E3, E714, E769, Camp 139.
466:Territorial changes of Poland after World War II
723:
721:
719:
261:) (nowadays Blachownia Śląska, district of the
423:The Blechhammer complex contained a number of
1351:World War II prisoner-of-war camps in Germany
1053:"Message 1 - blechammer, el tahag and chieti"
295:to Blechhammer. The mobile "pocket furnace" (
8:
1254:Captive Plans: The Pow Diary of Reg Beattie
1027:Army Air Forces Reference History (AAFRH)-3
622:The Strategic Bombing of Germany, 1940-1945
540:. Fischer-Tropsch.org. 2003. Archived from
535:"Germany's Synthetic Fuel Industry 1927-45"
491:. Henry Holt and Company. p. 2-PA524.
65:Blechhammer map of Bahnhofslager/Judenlager
712:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
648:"Norman "Nobby" Hayes was on the Voltaire"
512:
510:
508:
28:
20:. For Blechhammer strategic bombings, see
813:
811:
700:"Glossary of ITS terms and abbreviations"
1046:
1044:
861:The Second World War: A Complete History
488:The Second World War: A Complete History
1204:. WarTimeMemories.co.uk. Archived from
1002:. University of Toledo. pp. 259–63
728:Schwarzfitter, Jacob (28 August 1946).
521:. Washington, D.C.: Fischer-Tropsch.org
477:
22:Oil campaign chronology of World War II
1275:
1023:"The Ploesti Mission of 1 August 1943"
826:. MurrayArmstrong.com. Archived from
7:
674:"I.G. Farbenindustrie - Blechhammer"
451:Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany
407:convicted Blechhammer staff members
1081:E794 (these last two were renamed
1051:Jones, Chris (19 September 2004).
315:. Blechhammer synthetic oil (aka
14:
1308:
1296:
1284:
1057:WW2 People's War - Dad's Journey
948:461st Bombardment Group Missions
586:Schroeder, W. C. (August 1946).
59:
991:Ludmer, Henry (28 March 1946).
289:Blechhammer; also Nummernbücher
1252:Beattie, Trevor (ed.) (2011).
964:Lesch, John (31 August 2000).
730:"Voices (Jacob Schwarzfitter)"
345:, the Blechhammer plants used
1:
922:. Biddle Publishing Company.
858:Gilbert, Martin (June 2004).
566:. p. 160. Archived from
363:United States Army Air Forces
1361:Auschwitz concentration camp
1346:Oil campaign of World War II
461:Oil Campaign of World War II
213:Oil Campaign of World War II
18:Blechhammer (disambiguation)
1073:, 21, 40 and 48; and E711,
885:Bohnstedt, Douglas (2004).
818:Hutson, Fred (April 2006).
456:Monowitz concentration camp
337:) and Blechhammer South at
265:) area was the location of
1382:
1366:Reich Security Main Office
1356:Nazi war crimes in Germany
1021:Cruickshank, Earl (1944).
561:"Synthetic Oil Production"
234:1945-01: Soviet occupation
15:
1331:Province of Upper Silesia
1307:
1295:
1283:
519:"Fischer-Tropsch Archive"
351:Upper Silesian Coal Basin
304:
257:
140:Nearby camps & plants
58:
48:
36:
1228:"6. DV-BEG - Einzelnorm"
1102:www.prisonerofwar.org.uk
918:Withington, Ted (1993).
887:"Blechhammer - 15af.org"
619:Levine, Alan J. (1992).
485:Gilbert, Martin (2004).
361:oil. In June 1944, the
322:Arbeitslager Blechhammer
263:City of Kędzierzyn-Koźle
1202:World War Two 1939-1945
517:Stranges, Dr. Anthony.
204:1942–1945 (50,000 POWs)
646:Gregory, Mackenzie J.
371:plants were dismantled
305:Construction Battalion
300:
285:
274:prisoner of war camps
39:Provinz Oberschlesien
652:Ahoy - Mac's Web Log
547:on 24 September 2015
267:Greater German Reich
43:Greater German Reich
1341:Industry in Germany
1208:on 16 February 2009
1146:en.auschwitz.org.pl
1108:on 14 February 2012
709:Holocaust Survivors
680:on 13 December 2007
573:on 8 September 2008
367:Fifteenth Air Force
293:Terezin family camp
176: /
122: /
89: /
1234:on 3 November 2012
1178:on 3 November 2012
598:on 8 November 2007
592:US Bureau of Mines
439:František R. Kraus
398:František R. Kraus
258:sheet metal hammer
1319:
1318:
1290:Map of oil plants
1000:No. 6, Vol. XLVII
796:on 7 October 2011
734:Interview Archive
498:978-0-8050-7623-3
392:for five days to
248:
247:
180:50.417°N 18.133°E
126:50.300°N 18.250°E
93:50.350°N 18.300°E
1373:
1336:Kędzierzyn-Koźle
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409:Karl Francioh
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52:Upper Silesia
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1314:BAB 21 group
1302:North damage
1253:
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1236:. Retrieved
1232:the original
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1206:the original
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1176:the original
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896:. 15thaf.org
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832:. Retrieved
828:the original
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768:the original
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742:. Retrieved
738:the original
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707:Registry of
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682:. Retrieved
678:the original
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413:Ansgar Piche
405:Belsen Trial
402:
383:
332:
320:
287:Arbeitslager
255:
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229:1945-01-21:
228:
209:Battles/wars
196:Site history
139:
107:South plant
106:
74:North plant
26:
1059:. BBC.co.uk
1006:11 February
952:Mission #52
944:"June 1944"
577:19 November
301:Taschenofen
278:labor camps
252:Blechhammer
201:In use
183: /
154:Cosel plant
129: /
96: /
71:Coordinates
50:Located in
32:Blechhammer
1325:Categories
1156:12 January
1112:12 January
900:25 January
894:15thaf.org
551:20 October
472:References
386:Regensburg
380:Evacuation
335:Sławięcice
760:"Pressac"
309:Kattowitz
256:English:
244:by Poland
224:flak guns
222:1944-05:
1212:21 April
1182:30 April
1077:, E769,
1063:21 April
834:22 April
800:21 April
774:21 April
744:19 March
684:30 April
658:18 April
602:21 March
445:See also
374:post-war
238:Post-war
145:Korzonek
37:Part of
1085:and 21)
525:17 June
353:in the
313:Breslau
168:50°25′N
159:Odertal
117:18°15′E
114:50°18′N
84:18°18′E
81:50°21′N
1260:
974:
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629:
495:
359:Ersatz
297:German
282:German
219:Events
171:18°8′E
161:plant
1238:1 May
1083:BAB20
1075:E711A
1033:9 May
996:(PDF)
890:(PDF)
703:(PDF)
571:(PDF)
564:(PDF)
545:(PDF)
538:(PDF)
427:Camps
419:Camps
349:from
339:Azoty
226:added
1258:ISBN
1240:2009
1214:2009
1184:2009
1158:2022
1114:2022
1079:E793
1065:2009
1035:2009
1008:2009
972:ISBN
924:ISBN
902:2018
866:ISBN
836:2009
802:2009
776:2009
746:2009
686:2009
660:2009
627:ISBN
604:2009
579:2009
553:2009
527:2009
493:ISBN
411:and
311:and
250:The
147:camp
425:POW
400:).
41:of
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1071:20
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