190:, inimical to the Jews, decided to extinguish the royal house of David, no one being left of that house but a young woman whose husband had been killed shortly after his marriage, and who was about to give birth to a child. Then the king dreamed that he was in a beautiful garden ("bostan"), where he uprooted the trees and broke the branches, and, as he was lifting up his ax against a little root, an old man snatched the ax away from him and gave him a blow that almost killed him, saying: "Are you not satisfied with having destroyed the beautiful trees of my garden, that you now try to destroy also the last root? Truly, you deserve that your memory perish from the earth." The king thereupon promised to guard the last plant of the garden carefully. No one but an old Jewish sage was able to interpret the dream, and he said: "The garden represents the
218:
fell into the hands of the
Arabians, and when Ali came to Babylon Bostanai went to meet him with a splendid retinue, whereby the calif was so greatly pleased that he asked for Bostanai's blessing. The calif, on learning that Bostanai was not married, gave him Dara, the daughter of the Persian king, as wife; and the exilarch was permitted to make her a Jew and to marry her legitimately. They had many children, but their legitimacy was assailed after their father's death by the exilarch's other sons ("Ma'aseh Bostanai," several times printed under different titles). This legend was made known only in the 16th century (compare
214:
expressing astonishment at this, was told by the youth that in the house of David, of which he had come, they were taught, since they themselves had lost their throne, neither to laugh nor to lift up the hand before a king, but to stand in motionless respect. The king, moved thereby, showered favors upon him, made him an exilarch, and gave him the power to appoint judges of the Jews and the heads of the three academies, Nehardea, Sura, and
Pumbedita. In memory of this Bostanai introduced a wasp into the escutcheon of the exilarchate.
237:, while the genizah fragment, branding all the descendants of Bostanai as illegitimate, being descendants of a slave and unworthy to fill high office, comes from Palestine. This latter view is of course erroneous, as may be gathered from Hai's remark, above mentioned, for the post-Bostanaite house of exilarchs was not descended from the princess. It is true, however, that the Bostanaites were hated by the scholars and the pious men, probably in part because Anan, founder of the Karaite etc., was a descendant of Bostanai.
194:, all of whose descendants you have destroyed except a woman with her unborn boy. The old man whom you saw was David, to whom you promised that you would take care that his house should be renewed by this boy." The Jewish sage, who was the father of the young woman, brought her to the king, and she was assigned to rooms fitted up with princely splendor, where she gave birth to a boy, who received the name "Bostanai," from the garden ("bostan") which the king had seen in his dream.
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legitimate sons of the exilarch should grant letters of manumission to the princess and her son in order to testify to their emancipation. This decision was based on the ground that
Bostanai had probably lived in legitimate marriage with this woman, and, although there were no proofs, had presumably first emancipated and then married her.
217:
The genizah fragment says that the incident with the wasp occurred in the presence of the calif Omar, before whom
Bostanai as a youth of sixteen had brought a dispute with a sheikh, who filled his office during the exilarch's minority, and then refused to give it up. Bostanai was exilarch when Persia
169:
The relation of
Bostanai to the Persian princess called "Dara" or "Azdad-war" had an unpleasant familial outcome. The exilarch lived with her without having married her, and according to the rabbinical law she should previously have received her "letter of freedom," for, being a prisoner of war, she
173:
After
Bostanai's death, the legitimacy of the children that he had with her was questioned as a matter of inheritance. The children of his Jewish wife insisted that the princess and her son were still slaves and hence, their property. The judges were divided in opinion, but finally decided that the
177:
Nevertheless, the descendants of the princess were not recognized as legitimate 300 years afterward. The statement in the genizah specimen (see bibliography below) is doubtless dictated by enmity to the exilarch; Abraham ibn Daud's statement is contrariwise prejudiced in favor of the exilarch; but
213:
of the exilarch was made the subject of another legend. The king had taken delight in the clever boy, and, spending one day with him, saw, as he stood before him, a wasp sting him on the temple. The blood trickled down the boy's face, yet he made no motion to chase the insect away. The king, upon
119:(born 624; died 651-652), who gave his daughter to Bostanai. But in that case it could have been only Calif Ali (656-661), and not Omar, who thus honored the exilarch. It is known also that Ali gave a friendly reception to the contemporary
781:
Sherira boasted that his genealogy could be traced back to the pre-Bostanaian branch of that family, which, he claimed, on account of the deterioration of the exilarchate had renounced its claims thereto, preferring instead the scholar's
50:(Persian : بوستان), meaning "Garden". Bostanai is the only Dark Age Babylonian Exilarch of whom anything more than a footnote is known. He is frequently made the subject of Jewish legends.
126:
The name of his Jewish wife is unknown in any record, and there are conflicting reports regarding the names of his children. A certain Rabbi Zakkai is mentioned by
233:
The name "Dara" for the
Persian princess in Christian sources occurs also as that of Chosroes' daughter. The legend glorifying Bostanai probably originated in
35:(leader of the Jewish community of Mesopotamia) under Arab rule. He lived in the early-to-middle of the 7th century, and died about AD 660. The name is
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1278:
585:
Richard J. H. Gottheil. "Some Early Jewish Bible
Criticism: Annual Presidential Address to the Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis."
461:. Translated by Nosson Dovid Rabinowich. Jerusalem: Rabbi Jacob Joseph School Press - Ahavath Torah Institute Moznaim. pp. 113–114.
146:, both children of his Jewish wife. Bostanai allegedly had three children by his Persian wife, at least one son, whose name is given as
197:
The veracity of this account was disputed by
Sherira ben Hanina who claimed his own lineage traces to a pre-Bostanaian branch of the
537:
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123:; and it is highly probable, therefore, that he honored the exilarch in certain ways as the official representative of the Jews.
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691:, New Series, 31, no. 2 (1940): 149-69. Accessed August 12, 2021. doi:10.2307/1452602.
666:, New Series, 31, no. 2 (1940): 149-69. Accessed August 12, 2021. doi:10.2307/1452602.
516:, New Series, 31, no. 2 (1940): 149-69. Accessed August 12, 2021. doi:10.2307/1452602.
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838:"Driving directions to Bostanai Street & Hizkiyahu HaMelech Street, Jerusalem"
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The name "Bostanai" gave rise to the following legend: The last Sasanian emperor,
479:
Morony, M. (1974). Religious Communities in Late Sasanian and Early Muslim Iraq.
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678:. Gil, Moshe. (2013). Volume III of Studies in Muslim-Jewish relations. p. 164
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640:'s "Letter," ed. Neubauer, ib. p. 35; Abraham ibn Daud, ib. p. 62
687:
Goode, Alexander D. "The Exilarchate in the Eastern Caliphate, 637-1258."
662:
Goode, Alexander D. "The Exilarchate in the Eastern Caliphate, 637-1258."
512:
Goode, Alexander D. "The Exilarchate in the Eastern Caliphate, 637-1258."
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had become an Arabian slave, and as such had been presented to Bostanai.
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68, no. 4 (1978): 224-34. Accessed August 12, 2021. doi:10.2307/1454304.
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17, no. 3 (1905): 514-30. Accessed August 12, 2021. doi:10.2307/1450981.
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23, no. 1 (1904): 1-12. Accessed August 12, 2021. doi:10.2307/3268954.
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Marx, Alexander. "The Importance of the Geniza for Jewish History."
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16 (1946): 183-204. Accessed August 12, 2021. doi:10.2307/3622270.
57:, Bostanai was confirmed in his office as exilarch by the Caliph
649:
Adler, M. N. "The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela (Continued)."
529:
A History of the Jews in Babylonia, Part V: Later Sasanian Times
108:
899:
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and his wife who is known as 'the daughter of Hananiah' in the
58:
850:
Cohen, Martin A. "'Anan Ben David and Karaite Origins: II."
895:
481:
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient,
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Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research
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as being his son, albeit only in passing. Another son,
115:, however, says that it was the last Sasanian emperor,
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Bostanai was the posthumous son of a former exilarch,
431:
Jewish Fairy Tales and Legends- The Story of Bostanai
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150:would go on to be the ancestor of other exilarchs.
91:, of whom little to nothing is known historically.
241:says that he was shown the grave of Bostanai near
178:compare genizah fragment published by Schechter.
153:Later in life Bostanai would assume the role of
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827:See Sherira's "Letter," ed. Neubauer, i.33
1121:Mattithiah ha-Kohen b. Ravrevay b. Hanina
818:, "Arsaciden," p. 554, Leipzig, 1804
252:
446:
1279:Bebai ha-Levi ben Abba of Nehar Pekod
7:
1406:Israel ha-Kohen ben Samuel ben Hofni
526:Neusner, Jacob (11 December 2008).
269:named after the exilarch Bostanai.
138:as succeeding him to the office of
23:: בוסתנאי), also transliterated as
1457:Daniel ben Eleazer ben Hibat Allah
14:
1391:Zemah Tzedek ben Paltoi ben Issac
486:(2), 113-135. doi:10.2307/3596328
257:A street sign for Bostanai street
205:Bostanai at the Court of the King
182:Rabbinical Legends about Bostanai
1472:Isaac ben Israel Ibn al-Shuwaykh
619:, "Tabari," pp. 397 et seq.
459:The Iggeres of Rav Sherira Gaon
356:, Sephardic poet and politician
1722:Rabbis of Academy of Pumbedita
1151:Kohen Tzedek Kahana ben Joseph
587:Journal of Biblical Literature
209:The figure of the wasp in the
1:
157:of the rabbinical academy at
1645:Sar Shalom ben Moses ha-Levi
1625:Masliah ben Solomon ha-Cohen
1615:Abiathar ben Elijah ha-Cohen
1360:Hilai ben Natronai ben Hilai
1315:Mesharsheya Kahana ben Jacob
1274:Mari ha-Levi ben Mesharsheya
1249:Mari ha-Kohen of Nehar Pekod
1116:Menahem ben Joseph ben Hiyya
712:, "Isdundad" according to a
368:, Poet and Gaon of Andalusia
1620:Solomon ben Elijah ha-Cohen
1610:Elijah ben Solomon ha-Cohen
1595:Solomon ben Joseph ha-Cohen
1467:Isaac ben al-Awani ha-Cohen
1452:Eleazer ben Hillel ben Fahd
1427:Isaac ben Moses ben Sukkari
1411:Azariah ha-Kohen ben Israel
1289:Jacob ha-Kohen ben Mordecai
852:The Jewish Quarterly Review
689:The Jewish Quarterly Review
664:The Jewish Quarterly Review
651:The Jewish Quarterly Review
598:In his "Sefer haKabbalah" (
514:The Jewish Quarterly Review
165:The Dispute among his Heirs
1748:
1575:Samuel ben Joseph ha-Cohen
1482:Samuel ben Daniel ha-Cohen
1051:Huna ben ha-Levi ben Isaac
1046:Haninai Kahana ben Abraham
1041:Haninai Kahana ben Abraham
604:Medieval Jewish Chronicles
576:, in "Ha-Maggid," xiii.363
566:Solomon Judah Löb Rapoport
1676:Mar Isaac of Firuz Shabur
1640:Netanel ben Moses ha-Levi
1630:Moses ben Netanel ha-Levi
1565:Joseph ben Ezrun ha-Cohen
1525:Pinhas ben Jacob ha-Cohen
1462:Hibat Allah ben Abil Rabi
1171:Nehemiah ben Kohen Tzedek
1146:Mebasser Kahana ben Kimoi
1076:Abumai Kahana ben Abraham
884:
871:
863:
389:, Chief Rabbi of Portugal
265:community in the city of
261:There is a street in the
1600:Solomon ben Judah (Gaon)
1580:Jose ben Samuel ha-Cohen
1540:Aaron ben Moses ben Meir
1375:Yom-Tob Kahana ben Jacob
1224:(Mesharsheya b. Tahlifa)
969:Huna Mari ben Mar Joseph
959:Rav Rabbah (Rava, Ravah)
888:Huna Mari ben Mar Joseph
1420:Later Babylonian Geonim
1320:Kohen Tzedek ben Abimai
1269:Haninai Kahana ben Huna
1264:Ahhunai Kahana ben Papa
1071:Kahana ben Haninai Gaon
1061:Isaiah ha-Levi ben Abba
1021:Hananya ben Mesharsheya
628:See "Ma'aseh Bet David"
273:Descendants of Bostanai
1655:Sar Shalom ben Abraham
1530:Jehoshaphat ben Josiah
1447:Zechariah ben Berakhel
1228:Hanina of Nehar Pekkod
1111:Aha Kahana ben Mar Rav
1005:Natroi Kahana b. Emuna
700:In "Ma'aseh Bet David"
417:Jewish Virtual Library
258:
134:, is mentioned in the
1560:Aaron ha-Cohen (Gaon)
1506:Chushiel ben Elchanan
985:Natronai ben Nehemiah
676:Judaeo Arabic Studies
354:Samuel ibn Naghrillah
344:and Gaon of Pumbedita
256:
1239:Jacob of Nehar Pekod
1161:Hananiah ben Yehudai
1091:Joseph ben Mar Hiyya
964:Rav Bosai (Bostanai)
501:Iranisches Namenbuch
413:Bustanai ben Haninai
376:Afonso I of Portugal
1325:Sar Shalom ben Boaz
1086:Abraham ben Sherira
1056:Manasseh ben Joseph
1000:Samuel ben Mar Mari
777:Jewish Encyclopedia
773:"SHERIRA B. ḤANINA"
495:as proper name see
426:Jewish Encyclopedia
402:in the 16th century
383:, Portuguese Knight
362:, Vizier of Granada
360:Joseph ibn Naghrela
249:Cultural References
104:(died 628), by the
1732:7th-century rabbis
1635:Abraham ben Mazhir
1605:Daniel ben Azariah
1370:Jacob ben Natronai
1365:Shalom ben Mishael
1330:Natronai ben Hilai
1305:Hilai ben Hananiah
1096:Isaac ben Hananiah
387:Yahia Ben Yahi III
374:, advisor to king
348:Makhir of Narbonne
289:of the Academy at
259:
239:Benjamin of Tudela
128:Benjamin of Tudela
77:Family of Bostanai
1694:
1693:
1555:Abraham ben Aaron
1477:Ali ben Zechariah
1380:Saadia ben Joseph
1340:Nahshon ben Zadok
1301:(Issac ben Jesse)
1166:Aaron ibn Sargado
936:Pumbedita Academy
894:
893:
885:Succeeded by
878:Pumbedita Academy
570:Bikkure ha-'Ittim
224:Seder 'Olam Zuṭṭa
55:Maaseh Beth David
53:According to the
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1717:7th-century Jews
1650:Ezra ben Abraham
1590:Josiah ben Aaron
1535:Semah ben Josiah
1501:Jacob ben Nissim
1493:Kairouan Academy
1396:Samuel ben Hofni
1386:Joseph ben Jacob
1345:Zemah ben Hayyim
1234:Hillai of Naresh
1156:Zemah ben Kafnai
1131:Zemah ben Paltoi
1106:Paltoi ben Abaye
1066:Joseph ben Shila
1015:Dodai ben Nahman
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329:Anan ben David
326:
325:, Gaon of Sura
320:
311:
302:
293:
281:ben Bustanai,
274:
271:
250:
247:
206:
203:
183:
180:
166:
163:
78:
75:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1744:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:(Saadia Gaon)
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1186:Hezekiah Gaon
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:Hai ben David
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1126:Abba ben Ammi
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1026:Malka ben Aha
1024:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
939:
937:
932:
928:
921:
916:
914:
909:
907:
902:
901:
898:
889:
880:
879:
875:
868:
862:
853:
847:
844:
839:
833:
830:
824:
821:
817:
812:
809:
805:
799:
796:
793:Sanhedrin 93b
790:
787:
783:
779:. 1901–1906.
778:
774:
768:
765:
761:
755:
752:
746:
743:
737:
734:
730:
724:
721:
717:
716:
711:
706:
703:
697:
694:
690:
684:
681:
677:
672:
669:
665:
659:
656:
652:
646:
643:
639:
634:
631:
625:
622:
618:
612:
609:
605:
601:
595:
592:
588:
582:
579:
575:
571:
567:
561:
558:
554:
549:
546:
541:
539:9781606080788
535:
531:
530:
522:
519:
515:
509:
506:
503:, p. 74)
502:
498:
492:
489:
485:
482:
476:
473:
468:
464:
460:
456:
450:
447:
440:
436:
432:
429:
427:
423:
420:
418:
414:
411:
410:
406:
401:
398:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
377:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
339:
338:Hezekiah Gaon
336:
334:
331:, founder of
330:
327:
324:
321:
319:
316:ben Baradoi,
315:
312:
310:
306:
303:
301:
297:
294:
292:
288:
287:Gaon (Hebrew)
284:
280:
277:
276:
272:
270:
268:
264:
255:
248:
246:
244:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
215:
212:
204:
202:
200:
195:
193:
189:
181:
179:
175:
171:
164:
162:
160:
156:
151:
149:
145:
142:, as well as
141:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
117:Yazdegerd III
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
92:
90:
89:
84:
76:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
1585:Shemaya Gaon
1545:Isaac (Gaon)
1259:Yehudai Gaon
1205:Mar ben Huna
1197:Sura Academy
1176:Sherira Gaon
872:
851:
846:
832:
823:
811:
798:
789:
780:
776:
767:
759:
754:
745:
736:
728:
723:
713:
705:
696:
688:
683:
675:
671:
663:
658:
650:
645:
633:
624:
611:
603:
594:
586:
581:
560:
555:, p. 3a
552:
548:
528:
521:
513:
508:
500:
491:
483:
480:
475:
458:
455:Sherira Gaon
449:
434:
425:
416:
307:ben Hisdai,
260:
232:
220:Isaac Akrish
216:
208:
199:Davidic line
196:
192:Davidic line
185:
176:
172:
168:
152:
135:
125:
111:(died 644).
93:
86:
80:
54:
52:
47:
43:
28:
24:
16:
15:
1432:Eli ha-Levi
1222:Rav Sheshna
1036:Rav Shinwai
1017:(Rav Dorai)
995:Joseph Gaon
882:around 660
762:xiv.242-246
574:B. Goldberg
400:Jewish Town
291:Sura, Syria
222:), but the
1701:Categories
1681:Achai Gaon
1335:Amram Gaon
1294:Rav Abimai
1254:Achai Gaon
1244:Rav Samuel
990:Judah Gaon
867:Rav Rabbah
638:Sherira II
314:Haninai II
211:escutcheon
188:Hormizd VI
121:Gaon Isaac
102:Khosrow II
1707:Exilarchs
1491:Deans of
1350:Rav Malka
1230:(Hinenai)
1216:Rav Hunai
1212:(Hinenai)
1195:Deans of
981:(Moronai)
979:Rav Rabya
934:Deans of
572:," x.83;
467:923562173
267:Jerusalem
243:Pumbedita
228:Mar Zutra
159:Pumbedita
148:Shahriyar
67:Pumbedita
39:from the
37:Aramaized
1181:Hai Gaon
804:Benjacob
718:fragment
457:(1988).
422:Bostanai
342:Exilarch
318:Exilarch
309:Exilarch
300:Exilarch
296:David II
283:Exilarch
279:Hasdai I
140:exilarch
132:Hasdai I
71:Nehardea
33:Exilarch
25:Bustenai
17:Bostanai
876:of the
816:Richter
715:genizah
710:Nöldeke
617:Nöldeke
305:Solomon
263:Katamon
235:Babylon
144:Baradoi
83:Haninai
41:Persian
29:Bustnay
1727:Geonim
1669:Others
1218:(Huna)
1210:Hanina
927:Geonim
806:, s.v.
606:, i.64
536:
465:
397:Prague
285:&
48:bostan
44:bustan
21:Hebrew
1660:Sadoq
1570:Ezrun
441:Notes
230:II).
874:Gaon
802:See
782:life
749:l.c.
615:see
568:in "
564:See
534:ISBN
463:OCLC
155:Gaon
109:Umar
69:and
63:Sura
758:In
602:'s
59:Ali
46:or
27:or
1703::
775:.
532:.
499:,
484:17
433:-
424:-
415:-
340:,
298:,
245:.
201:.
161:.
73:.
65:,
919:e
912:t
905:v
840:.
542:.
469:.
19:(
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