519:, Bozorgmehr was later executed by the order of Hormizd IV. His execution probably lead to the legendary story of the royal resentment reported in various versions by al-Masudi, Ferdowsi, and al-Tha'alibi. The versions of Ferdowsi and al-Tha'alibi, which link Bozorgmehr with the reign of Khosrow I, he was reportedly pardoned by the shah, who was well-known for his fairness. In the version of al-Masudi, Bozorgmehr was linked with the reign of
407:
38:
216:
sources, Bozorgmehr was a man of "exceptional wisdom and sage counsels" and later became a characterisation of the expression. His name appears in several important works in
Persian literature, most notably in the
229:, but historiographical studies of post-Sasanian Persian literature, as well as linguistic analysis shows otherwise. However, the word "Borzuya" can sometimes be considered a shortened form of Bozorgmehr.
1040:
475:
428:). During his tenure, Bozorgmehr persuaded Kavad to stop taxation on fruits and grain from the peasantry. An early reference to Bozorgmehr is found in the
505:
of the
Khorasan. Two seals of Bozorgmehr have been found; Through both of them Bozorgmehr emphasizes his Parthian ancestry by claiming to be a Parthian
1050:
949:
467:), Bozorgmehr continued his tenure as minister of the shah. He further rose to prominence after being appointed as a military commander (
1020:
1015:
891:
438:—a high-ranking title in the Sasanian and Parthian periods. Among other sources, later mention of him is made in the Shahnameh and in
915:
1010:
972:
1035:
382:, which resulted in the Karen family being heavily weakened, with many of its members being exiled to the regions of
338:
330:
558:
1025:
941:
Decline and Fall of the
Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran
369:
867:
452:
1045:
342:
222:
1030:
989:
945:
902:
887:
605:("Book of Victory", a book written in Middle Persian, that was translated into New Persian by
977:
480:
209:
516:
424:
406:
334:
302:
158:
153:
144:
91:
78:
439:
981:
877:
586:
354:
325:
Bozorgmehr is first mentioned in 498, as one of the nine sons of the powerful nobleman
306:
148:
124:
960:
1004:
535:
527:
939:
881:
242:
928:
526:
Bozorgmehrs descendants continued to remain active in Iran, with one of them,
520:
491:
387:
383:
314:
198:
993:
487:) by Khosrow I, who reportedly regretted Kavad I's approach to the family.
484:
457:
447:
395:
391:
346:
270:
218:
194:
177:
293:
being the original variant in ancient engravings. The name is attested as
866:
Chaumont, M. L.; Schippmann, K. (1988). "Balāš, Sasanian king of kings".
606:
531:
418:
After Kavad I had reclaimed the
Sasanian throne from his younger brother
374:
350:
266:
762:
760:
469:
394:. In 496, Kavad I was deposed and imprisoned due to his support of the
379:
358:
226:
189:
166:
98:
43:
20:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
546:
507:
434:
419:
326:
317:
name meaning "son of
Bokhtagan", a title held by Bozorgmehrs father.
298:
250:
213:
111:
273:("The Book of Kings"). Etymologically the latter is a corruption of
411:
405:
37:
162:
47:
704:
702:
700:
698:
623:
621:
747:
745:
743:
741:
378:
ruler of Iran. He was eventually defeated and executed by
305:
that emphasizes the Mihr worship of
Bozorgmehrs clan, the
685:
683:
681:
679:
241:(meaning "large sun" or "one of great kindness") is the
341:. The Karen family claimed descent from the legendary
225:
has suggested that
Bozorgmehr was the same person as
456:. During the reign of Kavad I's son and successor,
107:
84:
74:
66:
54:
28:
971:
766:
357:. After the defeat and death of the Sasanian shah
670:
658:
422:in 498, he appointed Bozorgmehr as his minister (
959:Schindel, Nikolaus (2013a). "Kawād I i. Reign".
329:. He belonged to the House of Karen, one of the
883:Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire
561:were written by Bozorgmehr. Most famous is the
398:movement, and also for having Sukhra executed.
42:Sculpture of Bozorgmehr in Bozorgmehr Square,
523:, where no mention of his execution is made.
187:). He also served as the military commander (
8:
850:
838:
826:
790:
778:
751:
732:
720:
708:
627:
390:, which was away from the Sasanian court in
689:
36:
25:
814:
962:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XVI, Fasc. 2
927:Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2017). "Kārin".
869:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 6
920:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 4
907:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 4
802:
617:
1041:People executed by the Sasanian Empire
585:(the original version a commentary on
176:), and the latter's son and successor
221:("The Book of Kings"). The historian
7:
944:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
549:, ruled Tabaristan from 665 to 673.
501:), Bozorgmehr continued to serve as
490:During the reign of Khosrow I's son
970:Majidi, Maryam; Negahban, Farzin.
914:Khaleghi-Motlagh, Djalal (1989b).
901:Khaleghi-Motlagh, Djalal (1989a).
197:under Khosrow I and his successor
14:
249:, which was later transformed in
938:Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008).
579:Ayādgār ī Wuzurgmihr ī Bōxtagān
540:
496:
462:
363:
333:, which was descended from the
203:
182:
171:
1051:Viziers of the Sasanian Empire
886:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–240.
767:Chaumont & Schippmann 1988
534:under the last Sasanian shah,
1:
986:Encyclopaedia Islamica Online
269:used the last variant in the
147:sage and dignitary from the
432:, in which he is called an
1067:
1021:6th-century Iranian people
1016:5th-century Iranian people
410:Bozorgmehr challenges the
331:Seven Great Houses of Iran
245:variant of Middle Persian
151:, who served as minister (
18:
16:Iranian sage and dignitary
599:"Book of Mehrāḏar Jošnas"
414:envoy to a game of chess.
285:. Its proper version was
58:
35:
723:, pp. 114–115, 379.
559:Middle Persian treatises
530:, ruling Tabaristan and
19:Not to be confused with
903:"Bozorgmehr-e Boktagan"
671:Khaleghi-Motlagh 1989b
659:Khaleghi-Motlagh 1989a
415:
247:Wuzurgmihr ī Bōkhtagān
129:Wuzurgmihr ī Bōkhtagān
121:Bozorgmehr-e Bokhtagan
930:Encyclopaedia Iranica
690:Majidi & Negahban
595:Ketāb Mehrāzād Jošnas
569:), also known as the
479:(frontier region) of
409:
1011:Shahnameh characters
430:Aydāgār ī Wuzurgmihr
372:, Sukhra became the
349:, and were based in
297:("given by the high
965:. pp. 136–141.
922:. pp. 381–382.
909:. pp. 427–429.
872:. pp. 574–580.
829:, pp. 114–115.
817:, pp. 136–141.
769:, pp. 574–580.
735:, pp. 113–114.
673:, pp. 381–382.
661:, pp. 427–429.
567:"Treatise on Chess"
281:, also reported as
1036:6th-century deaths
563:Wizārišn ī čatrang
416:
223:Arthur Christensen
978:Madelung, Wilferd
951:978-1-84511-645-3
851:Pourshariati 2008
839:Pourshariati 2008
827:Pourshariati 2008
791:Pourshariati 2008
779:Pourshariati 2008
752:Pourshariati 2017
733:Pourshariati 2008
721:Pourshariati 2008
709:Pourshariati 2008
628:Pourshariati 2008
545:). His grandson,
131:), also known as
118:
117:
1058:
997:
988:. Brill Online.
975:
966:
955:
934:
923:
910:
897:
873:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
800:
794:
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770:
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755:
749:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
693:
687:
674:
668:
662:
656:
631:
625:
577:). As well as;
544:
542:
515:). According to
500:
498:
466:
464:
367:
365:
301:") in a seal, a
237:The name of the
208:). According to
207:
205:
186:
184:
175:
173:
40:
26:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1001:
1000:
982:Daftary, Farhad
969:
958:
952:
937:
926:
913:
900:
894:
878:Daryaee, Touraj
876:
865:
862:
857:
849:
845:
837:
833:
825:
821:
813:
809:
801:
797:
789:
785:
777:
773:
765:
758:
750:
739:
731:
727:
719:
715:
707:
696:
688:
677:
669:
665:
657:
634:
626:
619:
615:
583:Ketāb al-Zabarj
575:"Book of Chess"
555:
539:
517:Ferdinand Justi
513:aspbed-i pahlaw
495:
461:
453:Murūj al-Dhahab
425:wuzurg framadār
404:
370:battle of Herat
362:
323:
303:theophoric name
235:
202:
181:
170:
154:wuzurg framadār
92:Wuzurg framadar
79:Sasanian Empire
62:
50:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1064:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1026:House of Karen
1023:
1018:
1013:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
967:
956:
950:
935:
924:
911:
898:
893:978-0857716668
892:
874:
861:
858:
856:
855:
853:, p. 307.
843:
841:, p. 303.
831:
819:
815:Schindel 2013a
807:
795:
783:
771:
756:
737:
725:
713:
711:, p. 114.
694:
675:
663:
632:
630:, p. 115.
616:
614:
611:
587:Vettius Valens
554:
551:
543: 632–651
499: 579–590
465: 531–579
403:
400:
366: 459–484
322:
319:
234:
231:
206: 579–590
185: 531–579
174: 498–531
125:Middle Persian
116:
115:
109:
105:
104:
103:
102:
95:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
56:
52:
51:
41:
33:
32:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1063:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
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1034:
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1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:
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991:
987:
983:
979:
974:
968:
964:
963:
957:
953:
947:
943:
942:
936:
932:
931:
925:
921:
917:
912:
908:
904:
899:
895:
889:
885:
884:
879:
875:
871:
870:
864:
863:
859:
852:
847:
844:
840:
835:
832:
828:
823:
820:
816:
811:
808:
805:, p. 27.
804:
799:
796:
793:, p. 80.
792:
787:
784:
781:, p. 78.
780:
775:
772:
768:
763:
761:
757:
753:
748:
746:
744:
742:
738:
734:
729:
726:
722:
717:
714:
710:
705:
703:
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667:
664:
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633:
629:
624:
622:
618:
612:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:Chatrang Nama
568:
564:
560:
552:
550:
548:
537:
536:Yazdegerd III
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:
504:
493:
488:
486:
482:
478:
477:
472:
471:
459:
455:
454:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:
431:
427:
426:
421:
413:
408:
401:
399:
397:
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389:
385:
381:
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360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
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328:
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318:
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264:
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192:
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179:
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164:
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155:
150:
146:
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138:
134:
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126:
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113:
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100:
96:
94:
93:
89:
88:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
39:
34:
27:
22:
985:
973:"Buzurgmihr"
961:
940:
929:
919:
906:
882:
868:
846:
834:
822:
810:
803:Daryaee 2014
798:
786:
774:
728:
716:
666:
602:
598:
594:
590:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
556:
528:Adhar Valash
525:
512:
506:
502:
489:
474:
468:
451:
443:
440:al-Tha'alibi
433:
429:
423:
417:
373:
324:
313:suffix is a
311:-i Bōkhtagān
310:
294:
290:
286:
282:
279:Dād-Burzmihr
278:
274:
262:
258:
254:
246:
238:
236:
188:
152:
149:Karen family
140:
136:
132:
128:
120:
119:
97:
90:
59:
591:Astrologica
295:Dadburzmihr
287:Dādburzmihr
255:Abūzarjmehr
243:New Persian
141:Dadburzmihr
60:Dādburzmihr
55:Native name
1005:Categories
613:References
603:Ẓafar-nāma
601:) and the
521:Khosrow II
492:Hormizd IV
388:Zabulistan
384:Tabaristan
343:Pishdadian
321:Background
315:patronymic
263:Būzorjmehr
259:Bozorjmehr
239:Bozorgmehr
199:Hormizd IV
75:Allegiance
30:Bozorgmehr
1046:Khosrow I
994:1875-9831
916:"Borzūya"
485:Khwarasan
473:) of the
458:Khosrow I
448:al-Masudi
396:Mazdakite
392:Ctesiphon
368:) at the
347:Manuchehr
291:Būrzūmihr
271:Shahnameh
219:Shahnameh
195:Khwarasan
178:Khosrow I
157:) of the
143:, was an
108:Relations
1031:Spahbeds
984:(eds.).
880:(2014).
607:Avicenna
557:Several
481:Khorasan
375:de facto
351:Nihavand
307:Karenids
275:Burzmihr
267:Ferdowsi
159:Sasanian
133:Burzmihr
114:(father)
860:Sources
503:spahbed
470:spahbed
380:Kavad I
359:Peroz I
337:prince
335:Arsacid
289:, with
283:Zarmihr
227:Borzuya
210:Persian
190:spahbed
167:Kavad I
145:Iranian
137:Dadmihr
99:Spahbed
44:Isfahan
21:Borzuya
992:
948:
890:
547:Valash
532:Gurgan
508:aspbed
444:Ghurar
435:argbed
420:Jamasp
412:Indian
402:Career
327:Sukhra
309:. The
251:Arabic
214:Arabic
161:king (
112:Sukhra
976:. In
553:Works
355:Media
345:shah
339:Karen
261:, or
193:) of
990:ISSN
946:ISBN
888:ISBN
476:kust
446:and
386:and
299:Mihr
233:Name
212:and
163:shah
139:and
85:Rank
70:580s
67:Died
48:Iran
593:),
589:’s
450:’s
442:’s
353:in
277:or
253:as
1007::
980:;
918:.
905:.
759:^
740:^
697:^
678:^
635:^
620:^
609:.
581:,
541:r.
497:r.
463:r.
364:r.
265:.
257:,
204:r.
183:r.
172:r.
165:)
135:,
127::
46:,
996:.
954:.
933:.
896:.
754:.
692:.
597:(
573:(
565:(
538:(
511:(
494:(
483:(
460:(
361:(
201:(
180:(
169:(
123:(
23:.
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