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691:. He based his argument on law, contending that he was not legally disqualified, and asking "as one man against six hundred" for the same justice he would receive in the Courts. Although well received, the speech was too late to reverse the decision, and Henry Labouchère was forced to withdraw a motion to rescind it.
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The initial difficulty is in defining the word "God". It is equally impossible to intelligently affirm or deny any proposition unless there is at least an understanding, on the part of the affirmer or denier, of the meaning of every word used in the proposition. To me the word "God" standing alone is
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On the following day, Erskine May and
Bradlaugh himself were questioned by the Committee, with Bradlaugh arguing that, should the Committee decide he had no right to affirm, he would take the oath and regard it as binding on his conscience. When the Committee decided its report, it agreed by one vote
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rose to object to the administration of the Oath to
Bradlaugh. Speaker Brand allowed him to object, and Wolff argued that the Evidence Amendment Acts referred to by Bradlaugh only allowed an affirmation to one who regarded the oath as meaningless, so the House should not allow Bradlaugh to take it.
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refused to give evidence in their defence, pleading ill-health, but at the time writing to
Bradlaugh that his testimony would have been of little use to them because he opposed birth control. They were sentenced to heavy fines and six months' imprisonment, but their conviction was overturned by the
871:
In 1898, Bradlaugh's daughter
Hypatia Bradlaugh Bonner wrote a pamphlet in answer to the question that was often addressed to her: whether her father "changed his opinions and became a Christian" before he died. Bonner laid out all the evidence and concluded that her father gave no indication that
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Bradlaugh later returned to the House, but because
Members had to take the oath before being allowed to take their seats, he effectively forfeited his seat in Parliament once he cast a vote in early 1881. His seat fell vacant and a by-election was declared. Bradlaugh was re-elected by Northampton
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which was published on the morning of 21 May. He said it would have been hypocritical to voluntarily take the oath "including words of idle and meaningless character" without protest when another form of words was available, but now that the Select
Committee had ruled he must, he would do so and
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Since 2002, an "Annual
Commemoration" has taken place beneath the statue at 3 pm on the Sunday closest to his birthday, organised by the Charles Bradlaugh Society. Attendees are invited to speak about Charles Bradlaugh. 2014 saw the addition of the inaugural Bradlaugh Talk with speakers on
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At that point
Bradlaugh was summoned back to the table to be told the outcome of the debate; having relayed it, the Speaker then ordered him to withdraw. Bradlaugh "respectfully refused" to obey an order of the House which was "against the law". The Conservative leader Sir
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to test whether an affirmation was lawful, and therefore recommended that if
Bradlaugh sought to affirm, he should be allowed to do so in order that such an action be brought to clarify the law. The second Select Committee had effectively reversed the outcome of the first.
884:. The statue points west towards the centre of Northampton, the accusing finger periodically missing due to vandalism. In 2014 the statue was cleaned and returned to the stonework. New signs are to be installed in 2015 on the roundabout reading "Charles Bradlaugh MP".
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moved an amendment that
Bradlaugh be not permitted to take either the Oath or make an affirmation. After two days of debate, Giffard's amendment was carried by 275 to 230, a defeat which surprised Gladstone. The majority comprised 210 Conservatives, 34 Liberals and 31
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illegally, and a number of by-elections at which Bradlaugh regained his seat on each occasion. He was finally allowed to take an oath in 1886. Eventually, a parliamentary bill which he proposed became law in 1888, which allowed members of both
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successfully moved a motion that Bradlaugh be required to withdraw (agreed on a division by 326 to 38, Liberal MPs being unwilling to challenge a motion which sustained the House's legal authority) but Bradlaugh "positively refused to obey".
788:
On at least one occasion, Bradlaugh was escorted from the House by police officers. In 1883 he took his seat and voted three times before being fined £1,500 for voting illegally. A bill allowing him to affirm was defeated in Parliament.
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684:; supporting Bradlaugh were 218 Liberals, 10 Home Rulers and 2 Conservatives. On the next day, Bradlaugh came to the Table claiming to take the Oath; in consequence of the previous night's vote the Speaker ordered him to withdraw.
617:, alerted to the fact that a protest was possible, moved to set up a second Select Committee to examine whether it was possible to interfere with a Member wishing to take the oath. Gladstone's amendment was carried by 289 to 214.
340:
Bradlaugh returned to London in 1853 and took a post as a solicitor's clerk. By this time he was a convinced freethinker and in his free time he became a pamphleteer and writer about "secularist" ideas, adopting the pseudonym
452:, a leading Methodist minister, to a debate on the merits of Christianity. Hughes accepted, on condition that each of them bring 100 individuals whose lives had been changed by their teaching. The debate was never held.
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an amendment declaring that the House could "and, in the opinion of your Committee, ought to" prevent Bradlaugh from taking the Oath. It also added (by 12 votes to 9) that it would be possible for an action in the
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532:, for the Government, moved that a Select Committee be set up to decide whether persons entitled to make a solemn affirmation in court were also allowed to affirm instead of taking the Parliamentary oath.
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in 1880. To take his seat and become an active Parliamentarian, he needed to signify his allegiance to the Crown and on 3 May Bradlaugh came to the Table of the House of Commons, bearing a letter to the
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800:(the Evidence Amendment Acts of 1869 and 1870 had proved unsatisfactory, though they had given relief to many who would otherwise have been disadvantaged). Bradlaugh spoke in Parliament about the
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824:, the Greek philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and teacher. In 1859 they had a son, Charles Bradlaugh, who died in July 1870, aged ten, some two months after his parents had separated.
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891:
Bradlaugh Fields, a community wildlife park situated to the north of Northampton, was named after Charles Bradlaugh when it opened in 1998. Other landmarks bearing his name include
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In 1886 Bradlaugh was finally allowed to take the oath, and did so at the risk of prosecution under the Parliamentary Oaths Act. Two years later, in 1888, he secured passage of a
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796:, which enshrined into law the right of affirmation for members of both Houses, as well as extending and clarifying the law as it related to witnesses in civil and criminal
909:
In November 2016 a portrait bust of Charles Bradlaugh was added to the Parliamentary Art Collection. Displayed in the Palace of Westminster, the sculpture was designed by
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the amendment was carried. Bradlaugh was not surprised that the Committee had gone against him, and notified the Speaker that he would attend to take the Oath on 21 May.
2726:
513:
1024:
2151:
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816:, Bradlaugh married Susannah Lamb Hooper (1831–1877), daughter of Abraham Hooper, a plasterer. Their daughter Alice was born in 1856. A second daughter,
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345:" to protect his employer's reputation. He gradually attained prominence in a number of liberal or radical political groups or societies, including the
264:), Bradlaugh was the son of a solicitor's clerk. He left school at the age of eleven and then worked as an office errand-boy and later as a clerk to a
2538:
1880:
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Charles Bradlaugh: A Record of His Life and Work, With an Account of his Parliamentary Struggle, Politics and Teachings, by John M. Robertson, Vol II
605:"regard myself as bound not by the letter of its words, but by the spirit which the affirmation would have conveyed had I been permitted to use it."
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567:
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647:, the Clerk of the House. Sir Thomas found several precedents for Members disabled to sit for refusing to take the Oath, together with Quaker MP
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Bradlaugh was permitted to address the House from behind the Bar (which was technically outside the Chamber), and treated the occasion as his
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Browse and search the catalogue of the Charles Bradlaugh Collection and Bradlaugh Papers archive, held at the Bishopsgate Institute, London.
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Court of Appeal on the basis that the prosecution had not set out the precise words which were alleged to be obscene in the indictment. The
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was divisive and many secularists who became socialists left the secularist movement because of its identification with Bradlaugh's
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to affirm, if they so wished, when being sworn in. The new law resolved the issue for witnesses in civil and criminal court cases.
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578:, moved an amendment to reverse this finding, and the committee split down the middle with eight members (seven Conservatives and
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1136:, Chilean communist, was prevented from assuming his position because, as an atheist, he refused to be sworn in on a Bible.
378:. Bradlaugh was eventually acquitted on all charges, but fierce controversy continued both in the courts and in the press.
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1554:
1272:
Langer, William L. (Spring 1975). "The origins of the birth control movement in England in the early nineteenth century".
276:
of the Anglican Church and the Bible. When he expressed his concerns, the local vicar, John Graham Packer, accused him of
1057:, International Library of Science & Freethought, Freethought Publishing Company, 28, Stonecutter Street, London E.C.
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913:(who is the fourth female sculptor to have work represented in the Parliamentary Art Collection) and was donated by the
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712:
2048:"The impeachment of the House of Brunswick : Bradlaugh, Charles, 1833–1891 : Free Download & Streaming"
1508:"Report from the Select Committee on Parliamentary Oath (Mr. Bradlaugh)", HCP 226 (1880), Appendix No. 1 (pp. 25–33).
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He was President of the London Secular Society from 1858. In 1860 he became editor of the secularist newspaper, the
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When it was known that this was the likely outcome of the Select Committee, Bradlaugh's fellow Northampton MP
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Bradlaugh's letter was regarded as a direct provocation by his opponents, and when he came to the table, Sir
2218:"Heresy: Its Utility and Morality : Bradlaugh, Charles, 1833–1891 : Free Download & Streaming"
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as well as hundreds of thousands of people who signed a public petition. Opposing his right to sit were the
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2196:"The True Story of My Parliamentary Struggle : Charles Bradlaugh : Free Download & Streaming"
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who were eventually allowed to take the Oath while omitting the words "on the true faith of a Christian".
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Bradlaugh died on 30 January 1891. His funeral was attended by 3,000 mourners, including a 21-year-old
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586:) supporting the amendment and eight (all Liberals) opposing it; on the casting vote of the chairman
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325:. In 1853, he was left a legacy by a great-aunt and used it to purchase his discharge from the army.
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2604:
2511:‘The Cause of Humanity’: Charles Bradlaugh and Freemasonry‘ by Professor Andrew Prescott, PhD, 2003
1952:"The credibility and morality of the four Gospels, report of the discussion between T. D. Matthias"
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The Select Committee began deliberating on 1 June 1880, when it considered a paper put in by Sir
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2239:"Theological Essays : Bradlaugh, Charles, 1833–1891 : Free Download & Streaming"
2002:"A Plea for Atheism : Bradlaugh, Charles, 1833–1891 : Free Download & Streaming"
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2301:"Atheism and Polygenesis in the Nineteenth Century: Charles Bradlaugh's Racial Anthropology."
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Arnstein, p. 38; "Report from the Select Committee on the Parliamentary Oath" HCP 159 (1880).
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a word without meaning. ... So long as the word "God" is undefined I do not deny "God".
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1907:"Political essays : Bradlaugh, Charles, 1833–1891 : Free Download & Streaming"
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1594:"Is There a God? : Bradlaugh, Charles, 1833–1891 : Free Download & Streaming"
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and suspended him from teaching. He was thrown out of the family home and was taken in by
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Photo of the Charles Bradlaugh Statue in Abington Square, Northampton, with a large crowd
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A Revolution in Christian Morals: Lambeth 1930-Resolution #15. History and Reception
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was founded as a result of the trial to promote birth control. He was a member of a
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as an atheist ultimately led to his temporary imprisonment, fines for voting in the
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issues relevant to Bradlaugh. The first speaker was Graham Smith, CEO of Republic.
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Bradlaugh's pamphlet "A plea for atheism", from the Conway Hall digital collections
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Is the Bible Divine?: A Six Nights' Discussion Between Mr. Charles Bradlaugh ...
1192:
See Bradlaugh-Bonner (1908, p.8); Headlingly (1888, pp. 5–6); Tribe (1971, p.18)
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Gandhi and the challenge of religious diversity: religious pluralism revisited.
507:
After defeats in 1868 and 1874, Bradlaugh was elected Member of Parliament for
2289:. New York/Manchester: New York University Press/Manchester University Press.
2001:
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A decade later (1876), Bradlaugh and Besant decided to republish the American
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four times in succession as the dispute continued. Supporting Bradlaugh were
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832:
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371:
333:
2539:
Charles Bradlaugh Collection, Northamptonshire Central Library, Northampton
2326:
Oxford University Press. (2nd ed. with new postscript chapter published as
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2175:"The atheistic platform, 12 lectures by C. Bradlaugh [and others]"
2152:"The atheistic platform, 12 lectures by C. Bradlaugh [and others]"
1881:"Portrait bust of NSS founder Charles Bradlaugh MP unveiled in Parliament"
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declared that he had "grave doubts" and asked the House for its judgment.
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Charles Bradlaugh - Harry Furniss Drawing - UK Parliament Living Heritage
880:
A statue of Bradlaugh is located on a traffic island at Abington Square,
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2129:
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2328:
The Bradlaugh Case: Atheism, Sex and Politics Among the Late Victorians
1976:
A Few Words about the Devil: And Other Biographical Sketches and Essays
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This Select Committee held only one brief meeting on 12 May 1880. The
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1614:"Obituary: Death of Sir David Erskine – House of Commons Memories".
2544:
Hackney Plaques and Social History: birthplace of Charles Bradlaugh
2324:
The Bradlaugh Case: a study in late Victorian opinion and politics.
2287:
Race in a Godless World: Atheism, Race, and Civilization, 1850-1914
1837:
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2479:
2126:"When Were Our Gospels Written? By Charles Bradlaugh - Free Ebook"
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New Delhi/Chicago:Promilla & Co./Bibliophile South Asia, p.330
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who joined in 1874 later became his close associate. In 1868, the
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initiated a debate on a motion to allow Bradlaugh to affirm. Sir
2101:"Ancient and Modern, by 'Iconoclast.', A. Collins, and J. Watts"
1693:
http://leicestersecularsociety.org.uk/history_gimson.htm#%281%29
302:, who organised Bradlaugh's first public lecture as an atheist.
2310:
Arnstein, Walter L (1962). "Gladstone and the Bradlaugh Case".
524:, citing the Evidence Amendment Acts of 1869 and 1870. Speaker
418:, although he was later to resign due to the nomination of the
2529:
Detailed account in page on police in Parliament by Robin Fell
2023:"The Bible: What It Is! By 'Iconoclast', by Charles Bradlaugh"
895:
1034:
Poverty: its effects on the political condition of the people
193:
1101:
Heresy: Its Utility And Morality. A Plea And A Justification
1454:"PARLIAMENTARY OATH (MR. BRADLAUGH). (Hansard, 3 May 1880)"
1249:
Fruits of philosophy: a treatise on the population question
1620:. The Times Digital Archive. 8 September 1921. p. 10.
598:
To explain his actions, Bradlaugh wrote an open letter to
272:
teacher, he became disturbed by discrepancies between the
2377:
Champion of Liberty: Charles Bradlaugh (Centenary Volume)
1384:
Brown, Stewart J. (26 September 2019). "To Be a Christ".
716:
A portrait of Charles Bradlaugh in 1890, drawn by artist
184:
2742:
Expelled members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
2352:(1893) in which Chap VI is devoted to Charles Bradlaugh.
1838:"Revolution to ruins: The tragic fall of Bradlaugh Hall"
433:
in Humberstone Gate, Leicester. The other speakers were
2364:
Charles Bradlaugh: A Record of His Life and Work, Vol I
2357:
Catalogue of the Library of the Late Charles Bradlaugh.
550:, 1881 – "Mr. Bradlaugh, M.P., The Northampton Cherub"
2752:
Military personnel from the London Borough of Hackney
1856:"Celebrating the first atheist MP Charles Bradlaugh"
190:
187:
181:
178:
2551:, BBC World Service radio programme, broadcast 1991
2413:
Dare to Stand Alone: The Story of Charles Bradlaugh
1641:"Random Recollections of Leicester Secular Society"
1535:
Proceedings of the Select Committee, p. xvii–xviii.
1349:"Random Recollections of Leicester Secular Society"
1155:
Dare to Stand Alone: The Story of Charles Bradlaugh
305:At the age of 17, he published his first pamphlet,
175:
152:
142:
128:
108:
103:
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34:
2722:People associated with Conway Hall Ethical Society
848:Bradlaugh's statue at Abington Square, Northampton
651:who was permitted to affirm, and Jewish MPs Baron
391:, or the Private Companion of Young Married People
321:and make his fortune. Instead he was stationed in
309:. However, refusing financial support from fellow
2687:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
2379:(1933). London, Watts & Co and Pioneer Press.
401:. The two activists were both tried in 1877, and
2501:contributions in Parliament by Charles Bradlaugh
1721:. The Brookwood Cemetery Society. Archived from
941:The Credibility and Morality of the Four Gospels
872:his opinions had changed in the "smallest" way.
516:"begging respectfully to claim to be allowed to
2524:by Bryan Niblett – book review by Edward Pearce
2261:"Man: Whence and How?: Religion: what and Why?"
1663:Hypatia Bradlaugh Bonner: The Story of Her Life
1526:Proceedings of the Select Committee, p. xv–xvi.
917:as part of its 150th anniversary celebrations.
699:
397:, had already been successfully prosecuted for
201:; 26 September 1833 – 30 January 1891) was an
2345:(1885) in which Bradlaugh plays a major role.
460:Bradlaugh was an advocate of trade unionism,
370:was prosecuted by the British Government for
8:
2406:Trial of Annie Besant and Charles Bradlaugh.
1665:(London: Watts & Company, 1942), pp. 5–7
1208:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
948:Who Was Jesus Christ, and What Did He Teach?
2560:Northampton based Charles Bradlaugh Society
2516:Charles Bradlaugh writings (Bank of Wisdom)
1388:. Oxford University Press. pp. 41–90.
1095:The True Story of My Parliamentary Struggle
930:Political Essays: A Compilation (1833–1891)
425:On 6 March 1881 he spoke at the opening of
156:Founding the NSS (National Secular Society)
2564:
1170:. National Secular Society. Archived from
1023:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
991:Ancient and Modern Celebrated Freethinkers
956:(includes an autobiographical sketch) 1864
42:
31:
1797:"Inaugural Annual Charles Bradlaugh Talk"
1661:Arthur Bonner, Charles Bradlaugh Bonner,
973:The Impeachment of the House of Brunswick
1168:"Charles Bradlaugh (1833–1891): Founder"
2727:English politicians convicted of crimes
2401:London: Freethought Publishing Company.
1745:"Did Charles Bradlaugh die an atheist?"
1588:
1586:
1205:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1146:
349:, Land Law Reformers, and Secularists.
288:, who had been imprisoned for printing
2330:, University of Missouri Press, 1983.
1016:
385:'s pamphlet advocating birth control,
227:In 1880, Bradlaugh was elected as the
1767:"About the Charles Bradlaugh Society"
1202:Royle, Edward. "Bradlaugh, Charles".
7:
1689:The life and death of Mahatma Gandhi
1275:Journal of Interdisciplinary History
757:by leading resistance to Bradlaugh.
393:, whose previous British publisher,
313:, he enlisted as a soldier with the
2747:19th-century British Army personnel
2471:Works by or about Charles Bradlaugh
2399:The biography of Charles Bradlaugh.
1928:A. Collins (1857). J. Watts (ed.).
1252:. San Francisco: Reader's Library.
1067:The Atheistic Platform: 12 Lectures
1037:, London: Austin & Co., 1870s,
979:The Freethinker's Text-Book, Vol. 1
781:, and other leading figures in the
298:. Soon Bradlaugh was introduced to
2369:Bonner, Hypatia Bradlaugh (1894).
2362:Bonner, Hypatia Bradlaugh (1894).
2355:Bonner, Hypatia Bradlaugh (1891),
1930:"Half-hours with the freethinkers"
1394:10.1093/oso/9780198832539.003.0002
1121:The Freethinker's Text-Book, Vol 1
959:"A Plea for Atheism" (included in
520:" instead of taking the religious
307:A Few Words on the Christian Creed
25:
2569:Parliament of the United Kingdom
2487:
2359:London: Mrs. H. Bradlaugh Bonner
1643:. Leicestersecularsociety.org.uk
995:Half-Hours with the Freethinkers
935:Half-Hours with the Freethinkers
898:, Charles Bradlaugh Hall at the
812:On 5 June 1855, at St Philip's,
802:London matchgirls strike of 1888
503:Bradlaugh's arrest in Parliament
171:
2717:British birth control activists
1836:Ali, Aown (26 September 2015).
1459:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
487:. He took a strong interest in
2506:NSS Founder, Charles Bradlaugh
2434:President Charles Bradlaugh MP
2397:Headingly, Adolphe S. (1888).
1557:, 3ser, vol 253 cols 443–513,
1049:When Were Our Gospels Written?
27:British politician and atheist
1:
2732:Atheism in the United Kingdom
2697:People charged with blasphemy
2677:Burials at Brookwood Cemetery
2285:Alexander, Nathan G. (2019).
2088:The Roberts-Bradlaugh Debate.
1815:"History of Bradlaugh Fields"
1674:Chatterjee, Margaret (2005).
1083:Humanity's Gain from Unbelief
820:(1858–1935), was named after
483:and backed France during the
468:, but opposed socialism. His
448:Charles Bradlaugh challenged
358:, and in 1866 co-founded the
2662:British critics of religions
2415:. Oxford: kramedart press.
2173:Platform, Atheistic (1884).
2150:Platform, Atheistic (1884).
1989:A Few Words About the Devil.
1222:UK public library membership
1061:Some Objections to Socialism
925:Works by Charles Bradlaugh:
2647:7th Dragoon Guards soldiers
2486:(public domain audiobooks)
2322:Arnstein, Walter L. (1965)
2304:Modern Intellectual History
2198:. Freethought Pub. Co. 1882
1819:Bradlaugh Fields & Barn
1495:3ser vol 252 cols 187–221,
954:A Few Words About the Devil
785:and Roman Catholic Church.
268:. After a brief spell as a
2768:
2555:A bronze bust of Bradlaugh
2549:Omnibus: Charles Bradlaugh
2480:Works by Charles Bradlaugh
2462:Works by Charles Bradlaugh
2373:. London, T. Fisher Unwin.
2366:. London, T. Fisher Unwin.
2259:Charles Bradlaugh (1906).
2069:Charles Bradlaugh (1876).
1973:Charles Bradlaugh (1874).
1371:"Herald of Gospel Liberty"
1109:( includes 20 essays) 1895
987:(Debate with Roberts) 1876
720:, from the first issue of
2652:British atheism activists
2609:
2588:Member of Parliament for
2586:
2574:
2567:
2429:. London, Watts & Co.
2343:Autobiographical Sketches
1801:Charles Bradlaugh Society
1771:Charles Bradlaugh Society
1691:. New York: E. P. Dutton
900:University of Northampton
594:Attempts to take the Oath
427:Leicester Secular Society
160:
99:
94:Sir Moses Philip Manfield
82:Charles George Merewether
64:
50:
41:
2425:Robertson, J.M. (1920).
2386:, London, Anthem Press.
1885:National Secular Society
1704:Arnstein (1983), p. 322.
915:National Secular Society
818:Hypatia Bradlaugh Bonner
779:Archbishop of Canterbury
530:Lord Frederick Cavendish
479:. He was a supporter of
360:National Secular Society
216:in 1866, 15 years after
214:National Secular Society
2411:Niblett, Bryan (2011).
2408:London: Elek/Pemberton.
2404:Manvell, Roger (1976).
1117:Religion, What and Why?
763:William Ewart Gladstone
751:Lord Randolph Churchill
621:Second Select Committee
588:Spencer Horatio Walpole
329:Activism and journalism
1687:Payne, Robert (1969).
1434:(ProQuest, 2008), 188.
1134:Luis Emilio Recabarren
1069:by Charles Bradlaugh,
967:The Bible: What It Is!
868:
849:
841:
726:
704:
640:
574:, Conservative MP for
559:
551:
536:First Select Committee
504:
337:
315:Seventh Dragoon Guards
284:Carlile, the widow of
2737:19th-century atheists
2299:Alexander, Nathan G.
1825:on 24 September 2016.
1369:Smith, Elias (1922).
1214:10.1093/ref:odnb/3183
906:in Lahore, Pakistan.
893:The Charles Bradlaugh
866:
847:
836:Bradlaugh's grave in
835:
715:
665:High Court of Justice
628:
580:Charles Henry Hopwood
557:
543:
502:
435:George Jacob Holyoake
336:
220:had coined the term "
2432:Tribe, David (1971)
1803:. 27 September 2014.
1580:Arnstein, pp. 75–76.
1489:Arnstein, p. 40-51;
1113:Man, Whence and How?
985:Is The Bible Divine?
747:in the Clock Tower.
653:Lionel de Rothschild
610:Henry Drummond Wolff
389:Fruits of Philosophy
274:Thirty-nine Articles
246:Houses of Parliament
55:Member of Parliament
2682:Freethought writers
2657:English republicans
2522:Dare To Stand Alone
2394:, pp. 101–110.
2384:Victorian Sensation
2382:Diamond, M. (2003)
2075:F. Pitman. p.
1777:on 23 December 2015
1719:Necropolis Notables
1715:"Charles Bradlaugh"
1630:Arnstein, p. 76–77.
1571:Arnstein, p. 73–74.
1324:"Charles Bradlaugh"
1263:View original copy.
856:. He is buried in
771:George Bernard Shaw
485:Franco-Prussian War
317:hoping to serve in
138:London, England, UK
2692:People from Hoxton
2582:Charles Merewether
1862:, 14 November 2016
1443:Arnstein, p. 34-35
1328:Freemasonry.bcy.ca
1244:Bradlaugh, Charles
1107:Theological Essays
1055:Perpetual Pensions
1003:Why do men starve?
961:Theological Essays
869:
858:Brookwood Cemetery
850:
842:
838:Brookwood Cemetery
775:Conservative Party
732:Stafford Northcote
727:
707:—Charles Bradlaugh
645:Thomas Erskine May
641:
560:
552:
522:Oath of Allegiance
505:
466:universal suffrage
338:
262:East End of London
206:political activist
2672:English humanists
2623:
2622:
2610:Succeeded by
2466:Project Gutenberg
2427:Charles Bradlaugh
2421:978-0-9564743-0-8
2312:Victorian Studies
1887:. 2 November 2016
1403:978-0-19-883253-9
1238:(October 1891) .
1236:Knowlton, Charles
1220:(Subscription or
1006:, London, 1870s,
783:Church of England
682:Irish Home Rulers
615:William Gladstone
582:, Liberal MP for
450:Hugh Price Hughes
422:as Grand Master.
408:Malthusian League
355:National Reformer
295:The Age of Reason
235:. His attempt to
212:. He founded the
167:Charles Bradlaugh
164:
163:
119:26 September 1833
36:Charles Bradlaugh
16:(Redirected from
2759:
2712:UK MPs 1886–1892
2707:UK MPs 1885–1886
2702:UK MPs 1880–1885
2667:English atheists
2613:Henry Labouchère
2605:Henry Labouchère
2578:Pickering Phipps
2575:Preceded by
2565:
2491:
2490:
2475:Internet Archive
2436:. London, Elek.
2350:An Autobiography
2319:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
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2235:
2229:
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2205:
2203:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2132:on 30 March 2015
2128:. Archived from
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:on 31 March 2015
2103:. Archived from
2097:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2025:. Archived from
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1948:
1942:
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1937:
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1919:
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1877:
1871:
1870:
1869:
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1852:
1846:
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1827:
1826:
1821:. Archived from
1811:
1805:
1804:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1773:. Archived from
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1725:on 25 March 2007
1711:
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1604:
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1590:
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1578:
1572:
1569:
1563:
1551:
1545:
1544:Arnstein, p. 70.
1542:
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1533:
1527:
1524:
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1509:
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1487:
1481:
1478:
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1469:
1467:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1430:Theresa Notare,
1428:
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1199:
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1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1174:on 16 April 2008
1164:
1158:
1151:
1045:
1028:
1022:
1014:
741:Serjeant-at-arms
708:
677:Hardinge Giffard
673:Henry Labouchère
564:Attorney General
544:Caricature from
383:Charles Knowlton
260:(an area in the
241:House of Commons
200:
199:
196:
195:
192:
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186:
183:
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177:
135:
118:
116:
104:Personal details
90:
78:
69:
46:
32:
21:
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2615:
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2593:
2584:
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2488:
2451:
2446:
2348:Besant, Annie.
2341:Besant, Annie.
2309:
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2032:
2030:
2029:on 4 March 2016
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1517:Evidence, Q 85.
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1153:Bryan Niblett.
1152:
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1130:
1077:Is There a God?
1031:
1015:
1000:
923:
878:
854:Mohandas Gandhi
830:
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710:
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623:
613:Prime Minister
596:
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497:
481:Irish Home Rule
458:
420:Prince of Wales
331:
300:George Holyoake
286:Richard Carlile
254:
218:George Holyoake
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143:Political party
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132:30 January 1891
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2617:Moses Manfield
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718:Walter Sickert
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1979:. A. K. Butts
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876:Commemoration
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733:
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723:The Whirlwind
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689:maiden speech
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1354:23 February
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568:Henry James
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362:, in which
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2631:Categories
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2111:2015-03-26
2033:2015-03-26
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495:Parliament
343:Iconoclast
252:Early life
222:secularism
115:1833-09-26
1617:The Times
1418:"Evangel"
1284:MIT Press
1258:626706770
1141:Citations
1043:Q26720834
1012:Q26395493
601:The Times
584:Stockport
399:obscenity
372:blasphemy
153:Known for
71:1880–1891
67:In office
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2484:LibriVox
2306:. (2018)
1860:BBC News
1842:DAWN.COM
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1268:See also
1246:(eds.).
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1019:citation
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814:Stepney
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576:Preston
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