511:
355:
531:
407:
110:
135:
477:
387:
1132:
324:
studies primarily focused on analyzing skeletal traits of living and extinct fossil species, and placed the gharials outside the group due to their unique skull structure, and can be shown in the simplified
864:
Erickson, G. M.; Gignac, P. M.; Steppan, S. J.; Lappin, A. K.; Vliet, K. A.; Brueggen, J. A.; Inouye, B. D.; Kledzik, D.; Webb, G. J. W. (2012). Claessens, Leon (ed.).
596:. Under this classification, all members of Brevirostres are brevirostrine, or short-snouted. Recent molecular analyses support von Zittel's classification in placing
976:
Hekkala, E.; Gatesy, J.; Narechania, A.; Meredith, R.; Russello, M.; Aardema, M. L.; Jensen, E.; Montanari, S.; Brochu, C.; Norell, M.; Amato, G. (2021-04-27).
770:
1173:
829:
1197:
929:
866:"Insights into the ecology and evolutionary success of crocodilians revealed through bite-force and tooth-pressure experimentation"
827:
Gatesy, J.; Amato, G. (2008). "The rapid accumulation of consistent molecular support for intergeneric crocodylian relationships".
723:
Brochu, C.A. (1997). "A review of "Leidyosuchus" (Crocodyliformes, Eusuchia) from the
Cretaceous through Eocene of North America".
443:
have rejected
Brevirostres upon finding the crocodiles and gavialids to be more closely related than the alligators. The new clade
510:
354:
666:"A new eusuchian crocodyliform with novel cranial integument and its significance for the origin and evolution of Crocodylia"
978:"Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene "horned" crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus"
1202:
1166:
134:
925:"Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil"
310:
1207:
803:
1159:
1072:
569:
227:
1192:
1104:
530:
406:
877:
732:
677:
638:
321:
316:
305:
1052:
748:
129:
117:
1109:
1035:
Brochu, C.A. (1999). "Phylogenetics, taxonomy, and historical biogeography of
Alligatoroidea".
296:. Brevirostres are crocodilians with small snouts, and are distinguished from the long-snouted
1017:
999:
958:
905:
846:
795:
705:
1143:
1044:
1007:
989:
948:
938:
895:
885:
838:
785:
740:
695:
685:
646:
476:
386:
202:
189:
650:
28:
881:
736:
681:
642:
1012:
977:
953:
924:
900:
865:
769:
Harshman, J.; Huddleston, C. J.; Bollback, J. P.; Parsons, T. J.; Braun, M. J. (2003).
700:
665:
609:
608:, as the two names would refer the same clade. Brevirostres would not, however, be a
472:
440:
382:
243:
1186:
526:
402:
248:
66:
604:. If this classification is accepted, Brevirostres can be considered redundant with
109:
744:
593:
491:
444:
301:
289:
281:
320:(the Nile crocodile) and all of its descendants. This classification was based on
890:
690:
842:
506:
350:
293:
285:
267:
41:
994:
1131:
605:
458:
336:
257:
212:
86:
51:
1095:
1003:
1139:
629:
Brochu, C. A. (2003). "Phylogenetic approaches toward crocodylian history".
580:
326:
146:
91:
35:
1021:
962:
943:
909:
850:
799:
790:
709:
588:, as its name implies, is traditionally not considered closely related to
1089:
574:
166:
81:
76:
61:
56:
46:
664:
Holliday, Casey M.; Gardner, Nicholas M. (2012). Farke, Andrew A (ed.).
1056:
752:
297:
176:
96:
71:
156:
1066:
1048:
771:"True and false gharials: A nuclear gene phylogeny of crocodylia"
1070:
612:
of
Crocodylia, as the two names have different definitions.
1147:
584:, the false gharial, and excluded them from the group.
1079:
256:
235:
128:
23:
451:in 2003, and can be shown in the cladogram below:
923:Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018).
764:
762:
1167:
631:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
8:
1037:Memoir (Society of Vertebrate Paleontology)
1174:
1160:
1067:
108:
20:
1011:
993:
952:
942:
899:
889:
789:
699:
689:
260:included but traditionally excluded taxa
578:, the gharial, to be closely related to
439:However, recent molecular studies using
621:
651:10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141308
830:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
1128:
1126:
499:
465:
454:
375:
343:
332:
1146:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
930:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
725:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
14:
1130:
568:Brevirostres was first named by
529:
509:
475:
405:
385:
353:
133:
572:in 1890. Von Zittel considered
745:10.1080/02724634.1997.10011017
592:, but instead classified as a
1:
314:(the American alligator) and
891:10.1371/journal.pone.0031781
691:10.1371/journal.pone.0030471
843:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.009
1224:
1198:Enigmatic crocodilian taxa
1125:
995:10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0
311:Alligator mississippiensis
122:Alligator mississippiensis
524:
504:
497:
470:
463:
400:
380:
373:
348:
341:
264:
240:
130:Scientific classification
116:
107:
447:was defined by Harshman
600:as a close relative of
1138:This article about an
982:Communications Biology
944:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071
791:10.1080/10635150309323
570:Karl Alfred von Zittel
1105:Paleobiology Database
317:Crocodylus niloticus
306:last common ancestor
1203:Paraphyletic groups
882:2012PLoSO...731781E
737:1997JVPal..17..679B
682:2012PLoSO...730471H
643:2003AREPS..31..357B
778:Systematic Biology
118:American alligator
1155:
1154:
1120:
1119:
1073:Taxon identifiers
560:
559:
551:
550:
542:
541:
436:
435:
427:
426:
418:
417:
275:
274:
231:
102:
16:Taxon of reptiles
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1176:
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1134:
1127:
1113:
1112:
1100:
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1032:
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997:
973:
967:
966:
956:
946:
920:
914:
913:
903:
893:
861:
855:
854:
837:(3): 1232β1237.
824:
818:
817:
815:
814:
808:
802:. Archived from
793:
775:
766:
757:
756:
720:
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626:
533:
513:
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479:
466:
455:
409:
389:
376:
357:
344:
333:
302:phylogenetically
300:. It is defined
236:Groups included
226:
203:Archosauriformes
190:Archosauromorpha
138:
137:
112:
101:
38:
27:Temporal range:
26:
21:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1208:Archosaur stubs
1183:
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1123:
1121:
1116:
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1103:
1094:
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1088:
1075:
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1049:10.2307/3889340
1034:
1033:
1029:
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970:
922:
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917:
863:
862:
858:
826:
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773:
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663:
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628:
627:
623:
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566:
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437:
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419:
225:
132:
103:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
33:
32:
29:Late Cretaceous
17:
12:
11:
5:
1221:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1156:
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1152:
1135:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1101:
1085:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1027:
968:
915:
856:
819:
784:(3): 386β402.
758:
731:(4): 679β697.
715:
656:
637:(31): 357β97.
620:
619:
617:
614:
610:junior synonym
565:
562:
558:
557:
554:
553:
549:
548:
545:
544:
540:
539:
536:
535:
523:
520:
519:
516:
515:
503:
498:
496:
486:
485:
482:
481:
473:Alligatoroidea
469:
464:
462:
453:
441:DNA sequencing
434:
433:
430:
429:
425:
424:
421:
420:
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415:
412:
411:
399:
396:
395:
392:
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383:Alligatoroidea
379:
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372:
364:
363:
360:
359:
347:
342:
340:
331:
288:that included
273:
272:
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244:Alligatoroidea
238:
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126:
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65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
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39:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1220:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1177:
1172:
1170:
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1158:
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1133:
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1111:
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1097:
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1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
991:
987:
983:
979:
972:
969:
964:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
936:
932:
931:
926:
919:
916:
911:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
883:
879:
876:(3): e31781.
875:
871:
867:
860:
857:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
831:
823:
820:
809:on 2022-10-09
805:
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734:
730:
726:
719:
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711:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
683:
679:
676:(1): e30471.
675:
671:
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652:
648:
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640:
636:
632:
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622:
615:
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603:
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587:
583:
582:
577:
576:
571:
563:
556:
555:
547:
546:
538:
537:
534:
532:
528:
527:Crocodyloidea
522:
521:
518:
517:
514:
512:
508:
502:
501:
494:
493:
488:
487:
484:
483:
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460:
457:
456:
452:
450:
446:
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432:
431:
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414:
413:
410:
408:
404:
403:Crocodyloidea
398:
397:
394:
393:
390:
388:
384:
378:
377:
370:
366:
365:
362:
361:
358:
356:
352:
346:
345:
338:
335:
334:
330:
328:
323:
322:morphological
319:
318:
313:
312:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:alligatoroids
287:
283:
279:
269:
266:
265:
263:
259:
258:Cladistically
255:
250:
249:Crocodyloidea
247:
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78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
37:
30:
22:
19:
1193:Crocodilians
1148:expanding it
1137:
1122:
1081:Brevirostres
1080:
1040:
1036:
1030:
985:
981:
971:
934:
928:
918:
873:
869:
859:
834:
828:
822:
811:. Retrieved
804:the original
781:
777:
728:
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718:
673:
669:
659:
634:
630:
624:
601:
597:
589:
585:
579:
573:
567:
525:
505:
492:Longirostres
490:
471:
448:
445:Longirostres
438:
401:
381:
369:Brevirostres
368:
349:
315:
309:
294:crocodyloids
286:crocodilians
282:paraphyletic
278:Brevirostres
277:
276:
223:Brevirostres
222:
219:(unranked):
196:
183:
121:
34:83.5β0
24:Brevirostres
18:
507:Gavialoidea
351:Gavialoidea
268:Gavialoidea
1187:Categories
988:(1): 505.
813:2021-07-19
616:References
606:Crocodylia
594:crocodylid
459:Crocodylia
337:Crocodylia
228:von Zittel
213:Crocodilia
31:- Recent,
1140:archosaur
1043:: 9β100.
1004:2399-3642
598:Tomistoma
586:Tomistoma
581:Tomistoma
327:cladogram
284:group of
153:Kingdom:
147:Eukaryota
1090:Wikidata
1022:33907305
963:30051855
937:(1881).
910:22431965
870:PLOS ONE
851:18372192
800:12775527
710:22303441
670:PLOS ONE
602:Gavialis
590:Gavialis
575:Gavialis
298:gharials
177:Reptilia
167:Chordata
163:Phylum:
157:Animalia
143:Domain:
1096:Q654968
1057:3889340
1013:8079395
954:6030529
901:3303775
878:Bibcode
753:4523857
733:Bibcode
701:3269432
678:Bibcode
639:Bibcode
564:History
495:
461:
371:
339:
329:below:
304:as the
209:Order:
173:Class:
1110:173423
1055:
1020:
1010:
1002:
961:
951:
908:
898:
849:
798:
751:
708:
698:
489:
449:et al.
367:
230:, 1890
1142:is a
1053:JSTOR
807:(PDF)
774:(PDF)
749:JSTOR
280:is a
197:Clade
184:Clade
1144:stub
1018:PMID
1000:ISSN
959:PMID
906:PMID
847:PMID
796:PMID
706:PMID
292:and
42:Preκ
1045:doi
1008:PMC
990:doi
949:PMC
939:doi
935:285
896:PMC
886:doi
839:doi
786:doi
741:doi
696:PMC
686:doi
647:doi
308:of
1189::
1107::
1092::
1051:.
1039:.
1016:.
1006:.
998:.
984:.
980:.
957:.
947:.
933:.
927:.
904:.
894:.
884:.
872:.
868:.
845:.
835:48
833:.
794:.
782:52
780:.
776:.
761:^
747:.
739:.
729:17
727:.
704:.
694:.
684:.
672:.
668:.
645:.
635:31
633:.
199::
186::
124:)
92:Pg
36:Ma
1175:e
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1161:v
1150:.
1059:.
1047::
1041:6
1024:.
992::
986:4
965:.
941::
912:.
888::
880::
874:7
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841::
816:.
788::
755:.
743::
735::
712:.
688::
680::
674:7
653:.
649::
641::
120:(
97:N
87:K
82:J
77:T
72:P
67:C
62:D
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47:κ
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
