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Symptoms may vary depending on certain factors such as the size and age of the victim. Other than the first, more benign symptoms (such as a tingling or burning sensation in the eyes, mucous membranes, or in exposed wounds), the most frequently described symptoms in the medical literature are :
486:
Poisoning from toad toxin is rare but can kill. It can occur when someone drinks toad soup, eats toad meat or toad eggs, or swallows live toads on a bet. It can also happen when someone deliberately takes commercial substances made with toad toxins. These go under names including "Kyushin", "Chan
65:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
611:
One epileptic episode caused by
Bufotoxins was observed in a 5-year old child, minutes after they had placed a Bufo alvarius in their mouth. The child was successfully treated with diazepam and phenobarbital.
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In extreme cases following ingestion of mucus or skin of the toad, death generally occurs within 6 and 24 hours. Victims surviving past 24 hours generally will recover.
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Chemical structure of one of the main components of bufotoxin, a conjugate of bufagin with suberylarginine. This component is itself sometimes called bufotoxin.
1045:
1992:
85:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
696:
Kißmer, B.; Wichtl, M. (1986). "Bufadienolide aus Samen von
Helleborus odorus" [Bufadienolides from the Seeds of Helleborus odorus].
680:
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family) and other amphibians, and in some plants and mushrooms. The exact composition varies greatly with the specific source of the toxin.
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Siperstein MD, Murray AW, Titus E (March 1957). "Biosynthesis of cardiotonic sterols from cholesterol in the toad, Bufo marinus".
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Su" (marketed as a painkiller, topical anesthetic or cardiac treatment), "Rockhard" and "Love Stone" (marketed as aphrodisiacs).
1301:
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purposes by some individuals. However, the practice of using these substances derived from animals for spiritual experiences or
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Despite being a frequent target for milking, these toads still carry cardio toxic bufotoxins which have been linked to deaths.
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of caught, washed toads for a white venom and drying; the final dried poison is usually brown, with a chunk or flake form.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Toxic and
Hallucinogenic Mushroom Poisoning: A Handbook for Physicians and Mushroom Hunters
490:"Chan Su" (literally "toad venom") is often adulterated with standard painkillers, such as
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The toxic substances found in toads can be divided by chemical structure in two groups:
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note: some toxins are produced by lower species and pass through intermediate species
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Chen KK, Kovaríková A (December 1967). "Pharmacology and toxicology of toad venom".
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Trakulsrichai, S; Chumvanichaya, K; Sriapha, C; Tongpoo, A; Wananukul, W (2020).
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Hitt M, Ettinger DD. Toad toxicity. N Engl J Med ; 1986 ; 314:1517
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813:] (in Chinese). Vol. 1 (10 ed.). 中国医药科技出版社. p. 333.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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The effects of the bufotoxins in these toads are not well understood.
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925:"Sudden death associated with intravenous injection of toad extract"
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concerns about the potential suffering inflicted on the animal.
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440:(ChP) considers the two species valid sources of toad poison (
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combined by weight. The extract is obtained by squeezing the
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Kuo, HY; Hsu, CW; Chen, JH; Wu, YL; Shen, YS (March 2007).
252:), are undesirable compounds that may be fatal if consumed.
466:), and requires the dry product to contain at least 6% of
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to this template: there are already 1,502 articles in the
972:"Toad Poisoning: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes"
436:, is often found in certain Chinese folk remedies. The
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Extract from the skin of certain Asian toads, such as
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899:"These Men Died Trying to Achieve Epic Erections"
782:5-Hydroxytryptamine and Related Indolealkylamines
923:Kostakis, Chris; Byard, Roger W. (2009-07-01).
811:Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
438:Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
100:accompanying your translation by providing an
49:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
1061:
8:
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150:of which some are toxic. They occur in the
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1977:
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1993:Androctonus australis hector insect toxin
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976:Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
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667:Lincoff, Gary; Mitchel, Duane H. (1977).
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634:Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
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218:. Some authors have also used the term
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7:
1034:Anaxyrus boreas boreas - Boreal Toad
675:. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
293:Toads known to secrete bufotoxins.
1347:Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB)
897:Cartwright, Megan (29 June 2015).
733:Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
502:. It may be ingested or injected.
14:
784:. Berlin: Springer Berlin. 2013.
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23:
1431:Extracellular adenylate cyclase
941:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.02.006
222:to describe the conjugate of a
929:Forensic Science International
454:
445:
110:You may also add the template
1:
1583:Fibronectin binding protein A
646:10.1016/0003-9861(57)90254-0
112:{{Translated|fr|Bufotoxine}}
1324:Staphylococcus aureus alpha
1302:Panton–Valentine leukocidin
258:-related substances (e.g.,
154:, skin, and poison of many
82:will aid in categorization.
16:Class of chemical compounds
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1342:Toxic shock syndrome toxin
847:Emergency Medicine Journal
286:
57:Machine translation, like
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2381:
2239:(+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A
1287:
572:(starting at extremities)
346:Melanophryniscus moreirae
297:Toads frequently "milked"
289:List of poisonous animals
38:the corresponding article
1632:beta-Nitropropionic acid
506:Symptoms of Intoxication
262:), are sought after for
1416:Heat-labile enterotoxin
1407:heat-stable enterotoxin
859:10.1136/emj.2006.044602
178:Bufotoxins can contain
121:For more guidance, see
1525:Bacillus thuringiensis
745:10.1002/jps.2600561202
463:
175:
139:are a family of toxic
1036:, californiaherps.com
710:10.1055/s-2007-969103
596:loss of consciousness
430:Bufo bufo gargarizans
339:Nannophryne variegata
173:
123:Knowledge:Translation
94:copyright attribution
1426:Pseudomonas exotoxin
989:10.2147/TCRM.S272863
272:responsible drug use
540:bundle branch block
534:atrial fibrillation
391:Anaxyrus americanus
2342:Alpha-Bungarotoxin
1512:Lipopolysaccharide
1470:Pore-forming toxin
827:蟾酥 bufonis venenum
601:respiratory arrest
591:anaphylactic shock
526:cardiac arrhythmia
434:Bufo melanostictus
405:Bufo melanostictus
242:cardiac glycosides
176:
102:interlanguage link
2425:Alpha-Amino acids
2412:
2411:
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2347:Beta-Bungarotoxin
2291:Pumiliotoxin 251D
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1578:Clumping factor A
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682:978-0-442-24580-1
367:Incilius alvarius
332:Rhinella diptycha
325:Rhinella arenarum
313:Incilius alvarius
204:dehydrobufotenine
134:
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46:
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2430:Amphibian toxins
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2286:Histrionicotoxin
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2104:Alpha-latrotoxin
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1986:
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1710:Sterigmatocystin
1662:, Fumonisin B3,
1626:epsilon-amanitin
1545:B. thuringiensis
1374:Diphtheria toxin
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805:国家药典委员会 (2015).
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63:Google Translate
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1527:delta endotoxin
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1421:Pertussis toxin
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739:(12): 1535–41.
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228:suberylarginine
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152:parotoid glands
146:or substituted
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45:(February 2019)
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238:bufadienolides
212:norepinephrine
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1998:Charybdotoxin
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:Solauricidine
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1854:Protoanemonin
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1839:Oenanthotoxin
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1715:Trichothecene
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:Ibotenic acid
1673:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1618:beta-amanitin
1615:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1565:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1412:Cholera toxin
1410:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1385:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1261:Anthrax toxin
1259:
1258:
1256:
1250:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:Tetanospasmin
1182:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1123:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
982:: 1235–1241.
981:
977:
973:
966:
963:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
919:
916:
904:
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893:
891:
889:
887:
883:
878:
874:
869:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
837:
835:
831:
828:
822:
820:9787506773379
816:
812:
808:
801:
798:
793:
787:
783:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
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754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
727:
724:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
700:(in German).
699:
698:Planta Medica
692:
689:
684:
678:
673:
672:
663:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
640:(1): 154–60.
639:
635:
628:
625:
618:
616:
613:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
560:hallucination
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
535:
531:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
512:
505:
503:
501:
497:
493:
488:
481:
479:
477:
473:
472:resibufogenin
469:
465:
461:
457:
451:
443:
439:
435:
431:
423:
418:
414:
413:
409:
407:
406:
402:
400:
399:
395:
393:
392:
388:
387:
386:
380:
373:
372:Bufo alvarius
369:
368:
364:
363:
362:
359:
355:
354:
350:
348:
347:
343:
341:
340:
336:
334:
333:
329:
327:
326:
322:
319:
318:Bufo alvarius
315:
314:
310:
309:
307:
304:
303:
302:
296:
294:
290:
282:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
254:
251:
247:
243:
239:
236:
235:
234:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
172:
165:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
142:
138:
124:
120:
117:
109:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
77:
76:main category
73:
72:
67:
64:
60:
56:
54:
53:
47:
41:
39:
34:You can help
30:
21:
20:
2385:
2364:Calcicludine
2354:Calciseptine
2337:Bungarotoxin
2306:Tarichatoxin
2254:Arenobufagin
2248:
2218:Tetrodotoxin
2177:Tetrodotoxin
2131:Vanillotoxin
2068:Phaiodotoxin
1971:Invertebrate
1894:Solasodamine
1829:Lotaustralin
1664:Fumonisin B4
1660:Fumonisin B2
1656:Fumonisin B1
1642:Cytochalasin
1544:
1524:
1476:
1462:
1456:Superantigen
1448:
1404:
1292:Streptolysin
1233:
1214:
1195:
1176:
1042:, erowid.com
1016:
979:
975:
965:
935:(1): e1–e5.
932:
928:
918:
906:. Retrieved
902:
853:(3): 215–6.
850:
846:
810:
806:
800:
781:
736:
732:
726:
704:(2): 152–3.
701:
697:
691:
670:
662:
637:
633:
627:
614:
610:
509:
496:promethazine
489:
485:
453:
433:
429:
427:
417:Bufo marinus
416:
410:
403:
396:
389:
384:
371:
365:
351:
344:
337:
330:
323:
317:
311:
308:(bufotenin)
300:
292:
268:recreational
240:, which are
232:
219:
200:bufothionine
177:
136:
135:
98:edit summary
89:
69:
43:
35:
2327:Snake venom
2281:Epibatidine
2269:Cinobufagin
2126:Stromatoxin
2073:Imperatoxin
2023:Scyllatoxin
1929:Tagetitoxin
1924:Swainsonine
1914:Solauricine
1879:Solamargine
1874:Scopolamine
1864:Retronecine
1730:Zearalenone
1398:Shiga toxin
1369:Cord factor
1208:Enterotoxin
1203:Alpha toxin
1197:perfringens
1189:Tetanolysin
1167:Clostridium
1104:hepatotoxin
1094:enterotoxin
1084:cardiotoxin
1040:Toad Toxins
545:hypotension
530:ventricular
528:(including
521:bradycardia
492:paracetamol
468:cinobufagin
381:Other toads
264:entheogenic
208:epinephrine
166:Composition
148:tryptamines
2419:Categories
2359:Taicatoxin
2296:Samandarin
2249:Bufotoxins
2213:Ciguatoxin
2191:Vertebrate
2136:Huwentoxin
2116:Cupiennins
2099:Latrotoxin
2043:Kaliotoxin
2013:Margatoxin
2003:Maurotoxin
1944:Toxalbumin
1934:Tinyatoxin
1919:Strychnine
1904:Solasonine
1899:Solasodine
1884:Solanidine
1804:Falcarinol
1789:Delphinine
1705:Phalloidin
1695:Ochratoxin
1690:Orellanine
1680:Lolitrem B
1647:Ergotamine
1597:Mycotoxins
1441:Mechanisms
1400:/Verotoxin
1337:Exfoliatin
1297:Leukocidin
1114:phototoxin
1109:neurotoxin
619:References
500:diclofenac
424:Extraction
415:(formerly
370:(formerly
316:(formerly
287:See also:
274:may raise
256:tryptamine
137:Bufotoxins
2264:Bufotenin
2259:Bufotalin
2229:Amphibian
2172:Saxitoxin
2162:Eledoisin
2157:Conotoxin
2028:Hefutoxin
1844:Oleandrin
1824:Linamarin
1814:Helenalin
1774:Cicutoxin
1769:Chaconine
1749:Amygdalin
1720:Vomitoxin
1670:Gliotoxin
1652:Fumonisin
1605:Aflatoxin
1568:Virulence
1504:Endotoxin
1235:botulinum
1216:difficile
1126:Bacterial
1099:hemotoxin
1089:cytotoxin
949:0379-0738
825:entries:
807:中华人民共和国药典
570:paralysis
555:tachypnea
398:Bufo bufo
361:5-MeO-DMT
260:bufotenin
250:bufogenin
246:bufotalin
220:bufotoxin
216:serotonin
196:bufotenin
192:bufotalin
180:5-MeO-DMT
160:Bufonidae
116:talk page
68:Consider
40:in French
2404:Category
2167:Onchidal
2147:Mollusca
2058:Bestoxin
2053:Birtoxin
2018:Slotoxin
2008:Agitoxin
1983:Scorpion
1939:Tomatine
1889:Solanine
1834:Mimosine
1809:Gossypol
1794:Divicine
1759:Antiarin
1754:Anisatin
1685:Muscimol
1637:Citrinin
1610:Amatoxin
1556:Cry34Ab1
1484:AB toxin
1478:type III
1390:negative
1148:positive
1137:Exotoxin
1008:33363378
957:19303230
908:22 April
877:17351232
718:84240708
654:13412129
586:vomiting
581:diarrhea
516:paleness
306:5-HO-DMT
184:bufagins
144:lactones
92:provide
2322:Reptile
1784:Daphnin
1779:Coniine
1764:Brucine
1725:Zeranol
1700:Patulin
1547:toxins
1537:Cry3Bb1
1517:Lipid A
1464:type II
1405:E. coli
1157:Bacilli
999:7752649
868:2660035
753:4871915
550:dyspnea
442:Chinese
283:Species
276:ethical
266:and/or
244:(e.g.,
224:bufagin
188:bufalin
141:steroid
114:to the
96:in the
42:.
2194:toxins
2089:Spider
2063:BmKAEP
2033:HgeTx1
1974:toxins
1849:Persin
1742:toxins
1570:factor
1551:Cry6Aa
1543:Other
1532:Cry1Ac
1450:type I
1253:Other:
1178:tetani
1128:toxins
1079:Toxins
1006:
996:
955:
947:
875:
865:
817:
788:
751:
716:
679:
652:
455:Chánsū
452::
450:pinyin
444::
214:, and
2121:PhTx3
2038:HsTx1
1961:Tutin
1954:Ricin
1949:Abrin
1819:Ledol
1740:Plant
1332:delta
1280:Cocci
1241:Botox
809:[
714:S2CID
460:Latin
226:with
156:toads
59:DeepL
2203:Fish
2111:CSTX
1388:Gram
1328:beta
1146:Gram
1004:PMID
953:PMID
945:ISSN
910:2021
873:PMID
815:ISBN
786:ISBN
749:PMID
677:ISBN
650:PMID
532:and
498:and
470:and
432:and
90:must
88:You
2078:Pi3
2048:Lq2
1488:AB5
994:PMC
984:doi
937:doi
933:188
863:PMC
855:doi
741:doi
706:doi
642:doi
61:or
2421::
1658:,
1624:,
1620:,
1616:,
1002:.
992:.
980:16
978:.
974:.
951:.
943:.
931:.
927:.
901:.
885:^
871:.
861:.
851:24
849:.
845:.
833:^
761:^
747:.
737:56
735:.
712:.
702:52
648:.
638:67
636:.
494:,
462::
458:;
448:;
446:蟾酥
248:,
230:.
210:,
206:,
202:,
198:,
194:,
190:,
186:,
182:,
2329::
2324:/
2231::
2205::
2149::
2091::
1985::
1666:)
1654:(
1628:)
1612:(
1486:/
1414:/
1330:/
1326:/
1227:B
1222:A
1169::
1069:e
1062:t
1055:v
1010:.
986::
959:.
939::
912:.
879:.
857::
823:.
794:.
755:.
743::
720:.
708::
685:.
656:.
644::
536:)
419:)
374:)
320:)
158:(
125:.
118:.
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