1525:
4700:
1345:
6832:
1202:, defined by Andrea Cau in 2018, includes all coelurosaurians more closely related to birds than to tyrannosauroids. Cau stated that the synapomorphies of the clade included "Keel or carinae in the postaxial cervical centra, absence of hyposphene-hypantra in caudal vertebrae (reversal to the plesiomorphic theropodan condition), a prominent dorsomedial process on the semilunate carpal, a convex ventral margin of the pubic foot, a subrectangular distal end of tibia and a sulcus along the posterior margin of the proximal end of fibula." Another proposed clade is
4693:
3197:
1498:
4022:
1520:
4008:
1467:
6284:
5488:
6270:
4001:
6277:
3203:
1314:
876:. Though it is unknown whether these are related to true feathers, recent analysis has suggested that the feather-like integument found in ornithischians may have evolved independently of coelurosaurs but this was estimated by assuming that primitive pterosaurs had scales. In 2018, two anurognathid specimens were found to have integumentary structures similar to protofeathers. Based on phylogenetic analysis, protofeathers would have had a common origin with
4707:
1436:
192:
143:
4015:
6845:
5506:
1406:
5494:
5513:
6839:
6264:
5501:
1620:
1284:
1185:, and all of its descendants". As tyrannosauroids are considered to be the most basal large group within Coelurosauria, this means that the common ancestor of tyrannosauroids and birds was an even more basal coelurosaurian. As a result, almost all coelurosaurians are also tyrannoraptorans, with the only exceptions being particularly basal species such as
829:. Fossil traces of feathers, though rare, have been found in members of most major coelurosaurian lineages. Most coelurosaurs also retained scales and scutes on some portion of their bodies, particularly the feet, though some primitive coelurosaurian species are known to have had scales on the upper legs and portions of the tail as well. These include
1376:
732:
had considered it likely and probable that all coelurosaurs were feathered. However, several skin impressions found for some members of this group show pebbly, scaly skin, indicating that feathers did not completely replace scales in all taxa. In the past, Coelurosauria was used to refer to all small
746:
The studying of anatomical traits in coelurosaurs indicates that the last common ancestor had evolved the ability to eat and digest plant matter, adapting to an omnivorous diet, an ability that could be a major contributor to the clade's success. Later groups would hold on to the omnivory, while
896:
and 3D reconstruction software. These finds are of evolutionary significance because they help document the emergence of the neurology of modern birds from that of earlier reptiles. An increase in the proportion of the brain occupied by the cerebrum seems to have occurred with the advent of the
1067:
of
Coelurosauria has been subject to intensive research and revision. For many years, Coelurosauria was a 'dumping ground' for all small theropods. In the 1960s several distinctive lineages of coelurosaurs were recognized, and a number of new infraorders were erected, including the
1154:, defined to include all theropods with a bird-like arrangement of the pectoral bones, where the angled shoulder girdle (coracoids) come in contact with the breastbone (sternum). According to Paul, ornithomimosaurs are the most
1206:, erected by Hendrickx, Mateus, Araújo and Choiniere (2019), They define it as "the clade Compsognathidae + Maniraptoriformes", which can be more or less inclusive than Maniraptoromorpha depending on the topology.
1524:
989:
in China at about 165-163 Ma. The wide range of fossils in the late
Jurassic and morphological evidence shows that coelurosaurian differentiation was virtually complete before the end of the Jurassic.
2389:
Schweitzer, M.H.; Watt, J.A.; Avci, R.; Knapp, L.; Chiappe, L.; Norell, M.; Marshall, M. (1999). "Beta-keratin specific immunological reactivity in feather-like structures of the
Cretaceous Alvarezsaurid,
2345:
Zelenitsky, D. K.; Therrien, F.; Erickson, G. M.; Debuhr, C. L.; Kobayashi, Y.; Eberth, D. A.; Hadfield, F. (2012). "Feathered Non-Avian
Dinosaurs from North America Provide Insight into Wing Origins".
1824:
Godefroit, Pascal; Cau, Andrea; Hu, Dong-Yu; Escuillié, François; Wu, Wenhao; Dyke, Gareth (2013). "A Jurassic avialan dinosaur from China resolves the early phylogenetic history of birds".
2597:
1100:. Senter (2007) listed 59 different published phylogenies since 1984. Those since 2005 have followed almost the same pattern, and differ significantly from many older phylogenies.
1923:
Turner, A.H., Makovicky, P.J., and Norell, M.A. 2012. A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny. Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natural History 371: 1–206.
1663:
Zhang, H.; Wang, M.; Liu, X. (2008). "Constraints on the upper boundary age of the
Tiaojishan Formation volcanic rocks in West Liaoning-North Hebei by LA-ICP-MS dating".
6970:
2582:
Zanno, L.E., Gillette, D.D., Albright, L.B., and Titus, A.L. (2009). "A new North
American therizinosaurid and the role of herbivory in 'predatory' dinosaur evolution."
2014:
Yang, Zixiao; Jiang, Baoyu; McNamara, Maria E.; Kearns, Stuart L.; Pittman, Michael; Kaye, Thomas G.; Orr, Patrick J.; Xu, Xing; Benton, Michael J. (December 17, 2018).
6924:
1198:
Several recently-named clades have been proposed to define the structure of
Coelurosauria crownward of basal groups such as tyrannosauroids and compsognathids.
1005:
are coelurosaurs. Many of the coelurosaurian lineages survived to the end of the
Cretaceous period (about 66 Ma) and fossils of some lineages, such as the
1086:, or equivalent specifiers. Under this modern definition, many small theropods are not classified as coelurosaurs at all and some large theropods, such as the
2015:
1256:
The following family tree illustrates a synthesis of the relationships of the major coelurosaurian groups based on various studies conducted in the 2010s.
1146:
and all its descendants. The concept is now considered redundant, and the clade
Bullatosauria is now viewed as synonymous with Maniraptoriformes. In 2002,
6975:
1037:, otherwise known as modern birds, survived, and continued to diversify after the extinction of the other dinosaurs into the numerous forms found today.
1010:
2057:
1044:
definitions, birds are considered the only living lineage of coelurosaurs. Birds are classified by most paleontologists as belonging to the subgroup
4699:
2627:
4692:
892:
are known from fossils. Theropod endocrania can also be reconstructed from preserved braincases without damaging valuable specimens by using a
6831:
2296:"The distribution of dental features in non-avian theropod dinosaurs: Taxonomic potential, degree of homoplasy, and major evolutionary trends"
1080:. During the 1980s and 1990s, paleontologists began to give Coelurosauria a formal definition, usually as all animals closer to birds than to
2482:
1158:
members of this group. In 2010, Paul used Avepectora for a smaller clade, excluding ornithomimosaurs, compsognathids and alvarezsauroids.
2659:
2496:(Theropoda: Allosauroidea) and its implications for theropod brain evolution". In Tanke, D. H.; Carpenter, K.; Skrepnick, M. W. (eds.).
2407:
1122:. Holtz rejected this hypothesis in 1999, and most paleontologists now consider troodontids to be much more closely related to either
2558:
4021:
5487:
4007:
6269:
1090:, were actually more advanced than allosaurs and therefore were reclassified as giant coelurosaurs. Even more drastically, the
3196:
2195:
4000:
6283:
3202:
1875:
1130:
than they are to ornithomimosaurs, causing the Bullatosauria to be abandoned. The name referred to the inflated (bulbous)
856:
Though once thought to be a feature exclusive to coelurosaurs, feathers or feather-like structures are also known in some
6710:
5505:
4706:
191:
2521:
1344:
6276:
4014:
1182:
6929:
6844:
5512:
2168:
Holtz, T.R. Jr (1994). "The phylogenetic position of the Tyrannosauridae. Implications for theropod systematics".
893:
2614:
2295:
2747:
5493:
6838:
2652:
2131:
1886:
1789:
Carrano, M.T.; Benson, R.B.J.; Sampson, S.D. (2012). "The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda)".
1768:
6864:
1731:"Two new basal coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation of Thailand"
6965:
6937:
5218:
5130:
1497:
1247:
of this clade is the presence of feathers homologous to those of birds, based on study of a specimen of
1155:
1466:
1134:
both groups shared. Holtz defined the group as the clade containing the most recent common ancestor of
1051:
A portion of a tail belonging to a juvenile coelurosaur was found in 2015, inside of a piece of amber.
6263:
2622:
1519:
6911:
6796:
4907:
4875:
2355:
1833:
1672:
1643:
1240:
1094:, once not even regarded as theropods, have turned out to be non-carnivorous coelurosaurs related to
825:
Fossil evidence shows that the skin of even the most primitive coelurosaurs was covered primarily in
5231:
5018:
2261:
1633:
1230:
1107:
820:
725:
293:
5500:
1040:
There is consensus among paleontologists that birds are descended from coelurosaurs. Under modern
1009:, are best known from the late Cretaceous. A majority of coelurosaur groups became extinct in the
6902:
6703:
5207:
5067:
4923:
4863:
4298:
4208:
4091:
2955:
2645:
1945:
1857:
1806:
1218:
1064:
970:
186:
2474:
2468:
781:) carnivorous dinosaurs ever discovered. Characteristics that distinguish coelurosaurs include:
6942:
2550:
1435:
905:
A few fossil traces tentatively associated with the Coelurosauria date as far back as the late
6585:
6502:
6476:
6315:
6302:
6180:
5721:
5673:
4505:
3855:
2934:
2554:
2478:
2442:
2411:
2371:
2327:
2242:
2191:
2038:
1996:
1849:
1492:
1222:
1111:
1069:
1014:
953:
929:
from the late Middle Jurassic. Many nearly complete fossil coelurosaurians are known from the
914:
752:
710:
408:
142:
6689:
6446:
6356:
6145:
6061:
5923:
5842:
5814:
5774:
5655:
5625:
5143:
4896:
4760:
4617:
4517:
4366:
4273:
4231:
3798:
3108:
2587:
2572:
2542:
2464:
2403:
2363:
2317:
2307:
2276:
2234:
2110:
2030:
1986:
1978:
1841:
1798:
1738:
1711:
1680:
1625:
1339:
1077:
1073:
1022:
1018:
1006:
1002:
998:
756:
729:
706:
631:
535:
387:
371:
2567:
Senter, P. (2007). "A new look at the phylogeny of Coelurosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda)."
1313:
6752:
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5603:
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5377:
5355:
5242:
5087:
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4451:
4429:
4350:
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4149:
4127:
4113:
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3918:
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3692:
3681:
3617:
3505:
3392:
2969:
2878:
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2707:
1969:
1638:
1460:
1147:
1127:
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1087:
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919:
910:
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841:
760:
748:
702:
587:
566:
556:
470:
395:
158:
51:
35:
2541:
Padian, K (2004). "Basal Avialae". In Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H. (eds.).
897:
Coelurosauria and "continued throughout the evolution of maniraptorans and early birds."
2359:
2294:
Hendrickx, Christophe; Mateus, Octávio; Araújo, Ricardo; Choiniere, Jonah (2019-11-24).
1837:
1676:
1405:
6717:
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6661:
6623:
6612:
6409:
6122:
6081:
6072:
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6034:
5930:
5644:
5389:
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5078:
5060:
4888:
4855:
4841:
4802:
4576:
4437:
4394:
4387:
4309:
4285:
4238:
4197:
4134:
4120:
3848:
3833:
3660:
3494:
3358:
3326:
3315:
3292:
3254:
3115:
3085:
3009:
2948:
2847:
2207:
Paul, G. S. (2010). The Princeton field guide to dinosaurs Princeton University Press.
1991:
1964:
1909:
1244:
1030:
1026:
868:
830:
676:
131:
1766:
Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,
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6138:
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5885:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5792:
5709:
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5332:
5172:
5006:
4937:
4823:
4810:
4555:
4533:
4526:
4490:
4463:
4415:
4339:
4075:
3866:
3840:
3756:
3737:
3730:
3667:
3646:
3625:
3610:
3596:
3555:
3521:
3514:
3433:
3285:
3172:
3165:
3092:
3062:
3051:
2941:
2912:
2905:
2831:
2543:
2430:
2132:"A new basal coelurosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of Siberia"
2115:
2094:
1715:
1429:
1177:
1171:
1131:
1091:
986:
965:
947:
935:
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351:
341:
179:
175:
170:
152:
93:
2222:
1810:
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5751:
5580:
5565:
5340:
5272:
5200:
5179:
5158:
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4738:
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4608:
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4325:
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4255:
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3925:
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3674:
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3384:
3335:
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2920:
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2823:
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1277:
1235:
1142:
1115:
1104:
941:
857:
460:
450:
323:
275:
2238:
1802:
997:, a superb range of coelurosaurian fossils (including avians) are known from the
6896:
6785:
6766:
6696:
6646:
6632:
6574:
6515:
6460:
6337:
6131:
6007:
5976:
5892:
5878:
5610:
5558:
5426:
5348:
5311:
5193:
5165:
5118:
5038:
4916:
4773:
4624:
4597:
4497:
4444:
4380:
4359:
4332:
4083:
3896:
3889:
3875:
3701:
3548:
3539:
3441:
3412:
3342:
3307:
3300:
3100:
3078:
3071:
3030:
3022:
2998:
2983:
2962:
2870:
2862:
1904:
1514:
1226:
1191:
1045:
835:
777:
771:
714:
597:
576:
524:
439:
415:
313:
164:
68:
1890:
6724:
6653:
6598:
6219:
6018:
5835:
5821:
5806:
5758:
5692:
5618:
5440:
5433:
5419:
5325:
5258:
5186:
5150:
5103:
5045:
5031:
4998:
4990:
4983:
4964:
4787:
4752:
4540:
4141:
3932:
3882:
3819:
3790:
3745:
3723:
3716:
3708:
3632:
3528:
3487:
3480:
3472:
3456:
3376:
3247:
3123:
2976:
2839:
2698:
2576:
2034:
1684:
1615:
1082:
1041:
1034:
994:
913:
is fragmentary. The oldest known unambiguous members of Coelurosauria are the
889:
862:
695:
513:
481:
361:
249:
113:
78:
6887:
2446:
2331:
2188:
Dinosaurs of the Air: The Evolution and Loss of Flight in Dinosaurs and Birds
2042:
17:
6745:
6738:
6438:
6431:
6104:
6096:
6027:
5680:
5398:
4944:
4848:
4583:
4168:
4053:
4040:
3967:
3903:
3826:
3805:
3562:
3425:
3233:
3220:
3138:
2990:
2809:
2796:
2759:
2668:
2525:
2367:
1400:
1060:
981:
873:
789:(series of vertebrae that attach to the hips) longer than in other dinosaurs
262:
203:
118:
62:
2591:
2415:
2408:
10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19990815)285:2<146::AID-JEZ7>3.0.CO;2-A
2375:
2246:
2000:
1982:
1853:
1743:
1730:
1779:
Holtz, 2000. A new phylogeny of the carnivorous dinosaurs. Gaia. 15, 5-61.
1283:
6881:
6329:
5737:
5730:
5702:
5595:
5095:
4476:
3812:
3639:
3400:
3037:
2716:
2692:
2280:
1702:
from the Early Jurassic of Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China".
1249:
959:
925:
906:
687:
684:
546:
492:
333:
236:
223:
108:
103:
88:
83:
73:
55:
31:
2632:
2058:"Stunning fossils show pterosaurs had primitive feathers like dinosaurs"
2016:"Pterosaur integumentary structures with complex feather-like branching"
1845:
5870:
5632:
5362:
5265:
4590:
3911:
2322:
1308:
1187:
1136:
826:
379:
123:
98:
2262:"The assembly of the avian body plan: a 160-million-year long process"
2095:"Cranial osteology and phylogenetic position of the theropod dinosaur
6538:
6226:
3653:
2686:
1880:
786:
213:
6858:
1243:, and all descendants of that common ancestor." One of the possible
2549:(2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp.
5369:
5110:
5052:
2470:
Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed
2431:"An overview of non-avian theropod discoveries and classification"
1369:
1214:
1162:
807:
803:
747:
others specialized in various directions, becoming insectivorous (
680:
2312:
1698:
Barrett, P. M. (2009). "The affinities of the enigmatic dinosaur
6916:
6802:
5412:
1375:
1123:
796:
718:
701:
Coelurosauria is a subgroup of theropod dinosaurs that includes
691:
6862:
6300:
5529:
4723:
4038:
3218:
2794:
2679:
2641:
2093:
Oliver W. M. Rauhut; Angela C. Milner; Scott Moore-Fay (2010).
2504:
Mayr, G., B. Pohl & D.S. Peters (2005). "A well-preserved
646:
2130:
A. O. Averianov; S. A. Krasnolutskii; S. V. Ivantsov (2010).
2637:
1729:
Samanthi, A.; Chanthasit, P.; Martin Sander, P. (May 2019).
1209:
The last, and most exclusive of these proposed subclades is
658:
733:
theropods, but this classification has since been amended.
667:
661:
649:
643:
637:
1233:, who defined it as "the most recent common ancestor of
150:
Six exemplar coelurosaurs (top left to bottom right):
1161:
Within Coelurosauria exists a slightly less inclusive
2099:(Woodward, 1910) from the Middle Jurassic of England"
655:
640:
634:
1946:"Meat-eating dinosaurs not so carnivorous after all"
909:. What has been found between then and the earliest
604:
593:
583:
572:
562:
552:
542:
531:
520:
509:
499:
488:
477:
466:
456:
446:
435:
404:
367:
357:
347:
329:
319:
309:
6871:
6784:
6679:
6622:
6584:
6501:
6474:
6384:
6354:
6313:
6211:
6179:
6121:
6071:
6044:
6017:
5986:
5959:
5948:
5907:
5772:
5720:
5691:
5653:
5642:
5542:
5454:
5388:
5310:
5241:
5217:
5129:
5077:
5017:
4973:
4962:
4906:
4874:
4821:
4771:
4736:
4654:
4607:
4554:
4516:
4462:
4413:
4349:
4308:
4284:
4253:
4207:
4177:
4166:
4051:
3966:
3865:
3776:
3755:
3691:
3594:
3538:
3504:
3411:
3356:
3325:
3265:
3231:
3157:
3137:
3061:
3008:
2889:
2807:
2758:
2731:
1001:in Liaoning. All known theropod dinosaurs from the
652:
2429:Hendrickx, C.; Hartman, S.A.; Mateus, O. (2015).
2492:Larsson, H.C.E. (2001). "Endocranial anatomy of
2269:Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana
853:) also preserve feathers elsewhere on the body.
2586:, Published online before print July 15, 2009,
1217:which may have been united by the presence of
1169:. This clade was defined by Sereno (1999) as "
2653:
2190:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
845:. Fossils of at least some of these animals (
721:, the only known dinosaur group alive today.
8:
2598:First Dinosaur Tail Found Preserved in Amber
2435:PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1965:"Evolution of Dinosaur Epidermal Structures"
945:) is known from Bavaria at 155-150 Ma.
2500:. Indiana University Press. pp. 19–33.
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
763:). The group includes some of the largest (
664:
6859:
6590:
6507:
6482:
6366:
6362:
6321:
6310:
6297:
6208:
6176:
5992:
5956:
5915:
5784:
5780:
5665:
5661:
5650:
5550:
5539:
5526:
5317:
5307:
5223:
5135:
5023:
4970:
4880:
4833:
4829:
4779:
4744:
4733:
4720:
4651:
4560:
4468:
4421:
4290:
4265:
4261:
4189:
4185:
4174:
4059:
4048:
4035:
3963:
3782:
3773:
3602:
3417:
3368:
3364:
3277:
3273:
3239:
3228:
3215:
3014:
2897:
2815:
2804:
2791:
2737:
2728:
2676:
2660:
2646:
2638:
888:Although rare, complete casts of theropod
728:discovered so far have been coelurosaurs.
679:, meaning "hollow-tailed lizards") is the
422:
141:
42:
2321:
2311:
2114:
2103:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1990:
1742:
806:(lower leg bone) that is longer than the
6971:Extant Middle Jurassic first appearances
2139:Proceedings of the Zoological Institute
2080:
1655:
1110:found a close relationship between the
425:
2155:
1932:
1011:Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
7:
2473:. Indiana University Press. p.
2569:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1791:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1483:
1452:
1421:
1391:
1361:
1330:
1299:
1269:
1259:
2584:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
2508:specimen with theropod features".
1013:, including the Tyrannosauroidea,
427:Coelurosaurs of uncertain affinity
25:
6976:Taxa named by Friedrich von Huene
6843:
6837:
6830:
6282:
6275:
6268:
6262:
5511:
5504:
5499:
5492:
5486:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3201:
3195:
2623:The Major Groups of Coelurosaurs
2116:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00591.x
1963:Barrett, Paul M. (3 June 2015).
1716:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00887.x
1618:
1523:
1518:
1496:
1465:
1434:
1404:
1374:
1343:
1312:
1282:
792:a tail stiffened towards the tip
630:
190:
2633:Tree of Life Web: Coelurosauria
2396:Journal of Experimental Zoology
1221:and wings. This clade contains
1150:named an apomorphy-based clade
2522:"Re: What are these dinosaurs"
2023:Nature Ecology & Evolution
1:
2494:Carcharodontosaurus saharicus
2239:10.1126/science.284.5423.2137
1735:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2223:"The evolution of dinosaurs"
1803:10.1080/14772019.2011.630927
1764:Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2012)
973:in Wyoming at about 150 Ma.
1181:(the house sparrow), their
6992:
2300:Palaeontologia Electronica
1192:Sciurumimus albersdoerferi
818:
29:
6827:
6593:
6510:
6485:
6369:
6365:
6324:
6309:
6296:
6260:
6207:
6175:
5995:
5918:
5787:
5783:
5668:
5664:
5553:
5538:
5525:
5484:
5320:
5306:
5226:
5138:
5026:
4883:
4836:
4832:
4782:
4747:
4732:
4719:
4688:
4650:
4563:
4471:
4424:
4293:
4268:
4264:
4192:
4188:
4062:
4047:
4034:
3996:
3962:
3785:
3605:
3420:
3371:
3367:
3280:
3276:
3242:
3227:
3214:
3192:
3017:
2900:
2818:
2803:
2790:
2740:
2727:
2675:
2577:10.1017/S1477201907002143
2035:10.1038/s41559-018-0728-7
1910:Dictionary.com Unabridged
1700:Eshanosaurus deguchiianus
1685:10.1007/s11434-008-0287-4
1511:
1488:
1481:
1457:
1450:
1426:
1419:
1396:
1389:
1366:
1359:
1335:
1328:
1304:
1297:
1274:
1267:
1229:. The group was named by
1213:. Maniraptoriformes is a
884:Nervous system and senses
306:
301:
187:Scientific classification
185:
149:
140:
45:
2498:Mesozoic Vertebrate Life
2097:Proceratosaurus bradleyi
1665:Chinese Science Bulletin
966:Tanycolagreus topwilsoni
894:computed tomography scan
690:more closely related to
30:Not to be confused with
2368:10.1126/science.1225376
2170:Journal of Paleontology
1887:Oxford University Press
1118:, and named this group
969:are all known from the
901:Fossil evidence and age
717:; Maniraptora includes
400:(possibly polyphyletic)
2628:Palaeos: Coelurosauria
2616:Paleobiology Database:
2592:10.1098/rspb.2009.1029
2221:Sereno, P. C. (1999).
1983:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0229
1744:10.4202/app.00540.2018
6938:Paleobiology Database
5219:Carcharodontosaurinae
5131:Carcharodontosauridae
2209:Princeton, New Jersey
1883:UK English Dictionary
1769:Winter 2011 Appendix.
6212:Dubious coelurosaurs
4908:Metriacanthosaurinae
4876:Metriacanthosauridae
3158:Dubious neotheropods
2537:(on "Coelurosaurus")
2281:10.4435/BSPI.2018.01
1644:List of fossil birds
1183:last common ancestor
1103:In 1994, a study by
5232:Carcharodontosaurus
5019:Carcharodontosauria
2604:, December 8, 2016.
2602:National Geographic
2360:2012Sci...338..510Z
2260:Andrea Cau (2018).
2233:(5423): 2137–2147.
2186:Paul, G.S. (2002).
2158:, pp. 210–231.
1846:10.1038/nature12168
1838:2013Natur.498..359G
1677:2008SciBu..53.3574Z
1634:Feathered dinosaurs
1219:pennaceous feathers
985:are known from the
821:Feathered dinosaurs
755:) and carnivorous (
726:feathered dinosaurs
6704:Archaeornithomimus
5208:Veterupristisaurus
5068:Veterupristisaurus
4924:Metriacanthosaurus
4864:Piatnitzkysauridae
4299:Eustreptospondylus
4209:Piatnitzkysauridae
4092:Chuandongocoelurus
2956:Notatesseraeraptor
2520:George Olshevsky.
2516:(5753): 1483–1486.
1479:Maniraptoriformes
1357:Maniraptoromorpha
971:Morrison Formation
27:Clade of dinosaurs
6953:
6952:
6865:Taxon identifiers
6856:
6855:
6852:
6851:
6825:
6824:
6821:
6820:
6817:
6816:
6813:
6812:
6780:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6586:Macrocheiriformes
6503:Ornithomimosauria
6477:Maniraptoriformes
6470:
6469:
6316:Maniraptoromorpha
6303:Maniraptoromorpha
6292:
6291:
6258:
6257:
6254:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6203:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6181:Maniraptoromorpha
6171:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6155:
6154:
5903:
5902:
5768:
5767:
5722:Proceratosauridae
5674:Chingkankousaurus
5521:
5520:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5450:
5449:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5282:
5281:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4715:
4714:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4550:
4549:
4506:Vallibonavenatrix
4409:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4249:
4248:
4030:
4029:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3352:
3351:
3210:
3209:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3133:
3132:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2484:978-0-253-34595-0
2465:Currie, Philip J.
2354:(6106): 510–514.
1832:(7454): 359–362.
1671:(22): 3574–3584.
1608:
1607:
1599:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1572:
1571:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1535:
1493:Ornithomimosauria
1448:Neocoelurosauria
1211:Maniraptoriformes
1200:Maniraptoromorpha
1178:Passer domesticus
1172:Tyrannosaurus rex
1112:Ornithomimosauria
1070:Ornithomimosauria
1015:Ornithomimosauria
960:Coelurus fragilis
954:Hesperornithoides
951:, the troodontid
878:avemetatarsalians
799:(lower arm bone).
753:Therizinosauridae
623:
622:
618:
617:
409:Ornithomimosauria
401:
297:
135:
16:(Redirected from
6983:
6946:
6945:
6933:
6932:
6920:
6919:
6907:
6906:
6905:
6892:
6891:
6890:
6860:
6847:
6841:
6834:
6690:Aepyornithomimus
6591:
6508:
6483:
6447:Sinocalliopteryx
6367:
6363:
6357:Neocoelurosauria
6322:
6311:
6298:
6286:
6279:
6272:
6266:
6209:
6177:
6146:Zhuchengtyrannus
6062:Thanatotheristes
5993:
5957:
5924:Appalachiosaurus
5916:
5785:
5781:
5775:Pantyrannosauria
5666:
5662:
5656:Tyrannosauroidea
5651:
5626:Xinjiangovenator
5551:
5540:
5527:
5515:
5508:
5503:
5496:
5490:
5318:
5308:
5224:
5144:Acrocanthosaurus
5136:
5024:
4971:
4897:Yangchuanosaurus
4881:
4834:
4830:
4780:
4761:Lourinhanosaurus
4745:
4734:
4721:
4709:
4702:
4695:
4652:
4618:Sigilmassasaurus
4561:
4518:Ceratosuchopsini
4469:
4422:
4367:Dubreuillosaurus
4291:
4274:Streptospondylus
4266:
4262:
4232:Piatnitzkysaurus
4190:
4186:
4175:
4060:
4049:
4036:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3964:
3799:Ekrixinatosaurus
3783:
3774:
3603:
3418:
3369:
3365:
3278:
3274:
3240:
3229:
3216:
3205:
3199:
3109:Procompsognathus
3015:
2898:
2816:
2805:
2792:
2738:
2729:
2722:
2721:
2677:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2639:
2564:
2548:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2524:. Archived from
2501:
2488:
2451:
2450:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2392:Shuvuuia deserti
2386:
2380:
2379:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2325:
2315:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2266:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2218:
2212:
2205:
2199:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2020:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1994:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1889:. Archived from
1872:
1866:
1865:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1762:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1660:
1628:
1626:Dinosaurs portal
1623:
1622:
1621:
1527:
1522:
1500:
1484:
1469:
1453:
1438:
1422:
1408:
1392:
1378:
1362:
1347:
1340:Tyrannosauroidea
1331:
1316:
1300:
1286:
1270:
1260:
1223:ornithomimosaurs
1204:Neocoelurosauria
1078:Oviraptorosauria
1074:Deinonychosauria
1023:Deinonychosauria
1019:Oviraptorosauria
1007:Tyrannosauroidea
1003:Yixian Formation
999:Yixian Formation
917:tyrannosauroids
860:dinosaurs (like
810:(upper leg bone)
769:) and smallest (
757:Tyrannosauroidea
751:), herbivorous (
730:Philip J. Currie
711:ornithomimosaurs
674:
673:
670:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
606:
595:
585:
574:
564:
554:
544:
536:Lourinhanosaurus
533:
522:
511:
501:
490:
479:
468:
458:
448:
437:
423:
406:
399:
388:Tyrannosauroidea
372:Xinjiangovenator
369:
359:
349:
331:
321:
311:
292:
195:
194:
145:
129:
128:
65:
49:Temporal range:
43:
21:
6991:
6990:
6986:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6981:
6980:
6956:
6955:
6954:
6949:
6941:
6936:
6928:
6923:
6915:
6910:
6901:
6900:
6895:
6886:
6885:
6880:
6867:
6857:
6848:
6835:
6809:
6772:
6753:Sinornithomimus
6675:
6618:
6580:
6497:
6491:Compsognathidae
6479:
6466:
6454:Sinosauropteryx
6386:Compsognathidae
6380:
6359:
6350:
6318:
6305:
6288:
6287:
6273:
6246:
6241:Shanyangosaurus
6234:Phaedrolosaurus
6195:
6151:
6117:
6067:
6046:Daspletosaurini
6040:
6013:
5988:Tyrannosaurinae
5982:
5961:Albertosaurinae
5953:
5951:Tyrannosauridae
5944:
5912:
5910:Eutyrannosauria
5899:
5777:
5764:
5745:Proceratosaurus
5716:
5687:
5658:
5647:
5638:
5604:Richardoestesia
5588:Chilantaisaurus
5547:
5534:
5517:
5516:
5497:
5470:
5446:
5406:Australovenator
5384:
5378:Chilantaisaurus
5356:Phuwiangvenator
5278:
5243:Giganotosaurini
5237:
5213:
5125:
5088:Chilantaisaurus
5073:
5013:
4967:
4950:
4902:
4870:
4826:
4817:
4795:Monolophosaurus
4776:
4767:
4741:
4728:
4711:
4710:
4696:
4670:
4630:
4603:
4569:Camarillasaurus
4546:
4512:
4458:
4452:Ostafrikasaurus
4430:Camarillasaurus
4418:
4401:
4351:Afrovenatorinae
4345:
4304:
4280:
4258:
4245:
4203:
4182:
4180:Megalosauroidea
4171:
4162:
4157:Vectaerovenator
4150:Szechuanosaurus
4128:Monolophosaurus
4114:Kaijiangosaurus
4107:Cryolophosaurus
4068:Calamospondylus
4056:
4043:
4026:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3982:
3938:
3919:Pycnonemosaurus
3861:
3772:
3766:Majungasaurinae
3751:
3693:Majungasaurinae
3687:
3682:Xenotarsosaurus
3618:Dryptosauroides
3599:
3582:
3534:
3506:Elaphrosaurinae
3500:
3407:
3393:Ornithomimoides
3361:
3348:
3321:
3270:
3261:
3236:
3223:
3206:
3200:
3178:
3153:
3129:
3057:
3004:
2970:Shuangbaisaurus
2894:
2885:
2812:
2799:
2774:
2754:
2748:Avemetatarsalia
2733:Avemetatarsalia
2723:
2708:Avemetatarsalia
2682:
2681:
2671:
2666:
2611:
2561:
2540:
2531:
2529:
2519:
2491:
2485:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2264:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2206:
2202:
2185:
2181:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2075:
2066:
2064:
2056:Page, Micheal.
2055:
2054:
2050:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1977:(6): 20150229.
1970:Biology Letters
1962:
1961:
1957:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1763:
1752:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1639:Origin of birds
1624:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1470:
1461:Compsognathidae
1439:
1379:
1326:Tyrannoraptora
1287:
1188:Zuolong salleei
1148:Gregory S. Paul
1128:Dromaeosauridae
1097:Therizinosaurus
1057:
976:Epidendrosaurus
920:Proceratosaurus
915:proceratosaurid
911:Middle Jurassic
903:
886:
847:Scansoriopteryx
842:Scansoriopteryx
831:tyrannosauroids
823:
817:
761:Dromaeosauridae
749:Alvarezsauridae
744:
739:
683:containing all
633:
629:
619:
588:Shanyangosaurus
567:Richardoestesia
557:Phaedrolosaurus
471:Chilantaisaurus
428:
396:Compsognathidae
291:
189:
159:Sinosauropteryx
136:
127:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
60:
59:
52:Middle Jurassic
50:
47:
39:
36:Coelurosauravus
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6989:
6987:
6979:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6958:
6957:
6951:
6950:
6948:
6947:
6934:
6921:
6908:
6893:
6877:
6875:
6869:
6868:
6863:
6854:
6853:
6850:
6849:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6822:
6819:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6811:
6810:
6808:
6807:
6806:
6805:
6799:
6790:
6788:
6782:
6781:
6778:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6770:
6763:
6756:
6749:
6742:
6735:
6728:
6721:
6718:Dromiceiomimus
6714:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6685:
6683:
6681:Ornithomimidae
6677:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6666:
6662:Paraxenisaurus
6658:
6650:
6643:
6636:
6628:
6626:
6624:Deinocheiridae
6620:
6619:
6617:
6616:
6613:Shenzhousaurus
6609:
6602:
6594:
6588:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6578:
6571:
6563:
6556:
6549:
6542:
6535:
6527:
6519:
6511:
6505:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6495:
6486:
6480:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6457:
6450:
6443:
6435:
6428:
6421:
6414:
6410:Beipiaognathus
6406:
6399:
6390:
6388:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6370:
6360:
6355:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6341:
6334:
6325:
6319:
6314:
6307:
6306:
6301:
6294:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6281:
6267:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6244:
6237:
6230:
6223:
6215:
6213:
6205:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6185:
6183:
6173:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6142:
6135:
6127:
6125:
6123:Tyrannosaurini
6119:
6118:
6116:
6115:
6108:
6101:
6093:
6086:
6082:Bistahieversor
6077:
6075:
6073:Teratophoneini
6069:
6068:
6066:
6065:
6058:
6055:Daspletosaurus
6050:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6035:Qianzhousaurus
6031:
6023:
6021:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6011:
6004:
5996:
5990:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5980:
5973:
5965:
5963:
5954:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5942:
5935:
5931:Bistahieversor
5927:
5919:
5913:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5889:
5882:
5875:
5867:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5839:
5832:
5825:
5818:
5811:
5803:
5796:
5788:
5778:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5741:
5734:
5726:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5706:
5698:
5696:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5685:
5677:
5669:
5659:
5654:
5648:
5645:Tyrannoraptora
5643:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5629:
5622:
5615:
5607:
5600:
5592:
5584:
5577:
5569:
5562:
5554:
5548:
5543:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5510:
5491:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5460:
5458:
5452:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5437:
5430:
5423:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5394:
5392:
5390:Megaraptoridae
5386:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5374:
5366:
5359:
5352:
5345:
5337:
5329:
5321:
5315:
5304:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5269:
5262:
5255:
5252:Giganotosaurus
5247:
5245:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5204:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5155:
5147:
5139:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5115:
5107:
5100:
5092:
5083:
5081:
5079:Neovenatoridae
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5064:
5061:Ulughbegsaurus
5057:
5049:
5042:
5035:
5027:
5021:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5003:
4995:
4987:
4979:
4977:
4968:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4912:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4893:
4889:Xuanhanosaurus
4884:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4860:
4856:Xuanhanosaurus
4852:
4845:
4842:Asfaltovenator
4837:
4827:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4807:
4803:Megalosauridae
4799:
4791:
4783:
4777:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4757:
4748:
4742:
4737:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4717:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4704:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4660:
4658:
4648:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4621:
4613:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4577:Ichthyovenator
4573:
4564:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4522:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4502:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4472:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4448:
4441:
4438:Cristatusaurus
4434:
4425:
4419:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4395:Poekilopleuron
4391:
4388:Piveteausaurus
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4355:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4314:
4312:
4310:Megalosaurinae
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4294:
4288:
4286:Megalosauridae
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4269:
4259:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4239:Xuanhanosaurus
4235:
4228:
4221:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4198:Yunyangosaurus
4193:
4183:
4178:
4172:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4138:
4135:Pandoravenator
4131:
4124:
4121:Kayentavenator
4117:
4110:
4103:
4095:
4088:
4080:
4072:
4063:
4057:
4052:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4032:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3972:
3970:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3871:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3852:
3849:Skorpiovenator
3845:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3786:
3780:
3771:
3770:
3761:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3742:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3705:
3697:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3661:Spectrovenator
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3614:
3606:
3600:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3544:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3510:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3495:Spinostropheus
3491:
3484:
3477:
3469:
3461:
3453:
3445:
3438:
3430:
3421:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3397:
3389:
3381:
3372:
3362:
3359:Abelisauroidea
3357:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3339:
3331:
3329:
3327:Ceratosauridae
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3316:Saltriovenator
3312:
3304:
3297:
3293:Fosterovenator
3289:
3281:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3255:Lophostropheus
3251:
3243:
3237:
3232:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3120:
3116:Pterospondylus
3112:
3105:
3097:
3089:
3086:Lucianovenator
3082:
3075:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3018:
3012:
3010:Coelophysoidea
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2949:Lophostropheus
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2909:
2901:
2895:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2848:Erythrovenator
2844:
2836:
2828:
2819:
2813:
2808:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2741:
2735:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2680:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2610:
2609:External links
2607:
2606:
2605:
2595:
2580:
2565:
2559:
2545:The Dinosauria
2538:
2517:
2502:
2489:
2483:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2421:
2402:(2): 146–157.
2381:
2337:
2286:
2252:
2213:
2200:
2179:
2160:
2148:
2122:
2109:(1): 155–195.
2085:
2081:Larsson (2001)
2073:
2048:
2006:
1955:
1937:
1935:, p. 368.
1925:
1916:
1913:(Online). n.d.
1896:
1893:on 2020-08-01.
1867:
1816:
1797:(2): 211–300.
1781:
1772:
1750:
1721:
1710:(4): 681−688.
1690:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1258:
1245:synapomorphies
1167:Tyrannoraptora
1105:paleontologist
1088:tyrannosaurids
1056:
1055:Classification
1053:
1031:Hesperornithes
1027:Enantiornithes
902:
899:
885:
882:
869:Kulindadromeus
819:Main article:
816:
813:
812:
811:
800:
793:
790:
743:
740:
738:
735:
703:compsognathids
621:
620:
616:
615:
614:
613:
602:
591:
581:
570:
560:
550:
540:
529:
518:
507:
497:
486:
475:
464:
454:
444:
430:
429:
426:
421:
420:
419:
412:
402:
391:
383:
375:
365:
355:
345:
337:
327:
317:
304:
303:
302:Included taxa
299:
298:
286:
279:
278:
273:
266:
265:
260:
253:
252:
247:
240:
239:
234:
227:
226:
221:
217:
216:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
183:
182:
147:
146:
138:
137:
132:Early Jurassic
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
66:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6988:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6963:
6961:
6944:
6939:
6935:
6931:
6926:
6922:
6918:
6913:
6909:
6904:
6903:Coelurosauria
6898:
6894:
6889:
6883:
6879:
6878:
6876:
6874:
6873:Coelurosauria
6870:
6866:
6861:
6846:
6842:
6840:
6833:
6804:
6800:
6798:
6794:
6793:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6787:
6783:
6769:
6768:
6764:
6762:
6761:
6760:Struthiomimus
6757:
6755:
6754:
6750:
6748:
6747:
6743:
6741:
6740:
6736:
6734:
6733:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6715:
6713:
6712:
6711:"Coelosaurus"
6708:
6706:
6705:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6682:
6678:
6672:
6671:
6667:
6664:
6663:
6659:
6656:
6655:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6644:
6642:
6641:
6637:
6635:
6634:
6630:
6629:
6627:
6625:
6621:
6615:
6614:
6610:
6608:
6607:
6606:Pelecanimimus
6603:
6601:
6600:
6596:
6595:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6583:
6577:
6576:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6567:Thecocoelurus
6564:
6562:
6561:
6557:
6555:
6554:
6550:
6548:
6547:
6546:Kinnareemimus
6543:
6541:
6540:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6513:
6512:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6500:
6493:
6492:
6488:
6487:
6484:
6481:
6478:
6473:
6463:
6462:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6451:
6449:
6448:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6436:
6434:
6433:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6425:Huaxiagnathus
6422:
6420:
6419:
6418:Compsognathus
6415:
6412:
6411:
6407:
6405:
6404:
6400:
6397:
6396:
6392:
6391:
6389:
6387:
6383:
6377:
6376:
6372:
6371:
6368:
6364:
6361:
6358:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6345:Ornitholestes
6342:
6340:
6339:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6327:
6326:
6323:
6320:
6317:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6299:
6295:
6285:
6280:
6278:
6271:
6265:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6231:
6229:
6228:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6210:
6206:
6189:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6182:
6178:
6174:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6141:
6140:
6139:Tyrannosaurus
6136:
6134:
6133:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6120:
6114:
6113:
6112:Teratophoneus
6109:
6107:
6106:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6087:
6084:
6083:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6070:
6064:
6063:
6059:
6057:
6056:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6037:
6036:
6032:
6030:
6029:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6020:
6016:
6010:
6009:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5979:
5978:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5970:Albertosaurus
5967:
5966:
5964:
5962:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5947:
5941:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5911:
5906:
5895:
5894:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5886:Xiongguanlong
5883:
5881:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5868:
5866:
5865:
5864:Suskityrannus
5861:
5859:
5858:
5857:Stokesosaurus
5854:
5852:
5851:
5850:Santanaraptor
5847:
5845:
5844:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5819:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5793:Alectrosaurus
5790:
5789:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5776:
5771:
5761:
5760:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5712:
5711:
5710:Tanycolagreus
5707:
5705:
5704:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5690:
5683:
5682:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5671:
5670:
5667:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5573:Bahariasaurus
5570:
5568:
5567:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5556:
5555:
5552:
5549:
5546:
5545:Coelurosauria
5541:
5537:
5533:
5532:Coelurosauria
5528:
5524:
5514:
5509:
5507:
5502:
5495:
5489:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5456:Coelurosauria
5453:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5381:
5379:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5333:Bahariasaurus
5330:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5173:Kelmayisaurus
5170:
5168:
5167:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5140:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5009:
5008:
5007:Saurophaganax
5004:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4961:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4938:Siamotyrannus
4935:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4824:Allosauroidea
4820:
4813:
4812:
4811:Spinosauridae
4808:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4770:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4722:
4718:
4708:
4703:
4701:
4694:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4556:Spinosaurinae
4553:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4534:Riparovenator
4531:
4529:
4528:
4527:Ceratosuchops
4524:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4491:Riojavenatrix
4488:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4464:Baryonychinae
4461:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4416:Spinosauridae
4412:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4340:Wiehenvenator
4337:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4252:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4076:Chienkosaurus
4073:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3867:Furileusauria
3864:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3841:Rahiolisaurus
3838:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3757:Carnotaurinae
3754:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3738:Rahiolisaurus
3735:
3733:
3732:
3731:Majungasaurus
3728:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3668:Tarascosaurus
3665:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3626:Eoabelisaurus
3623:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3611:Chenanisaurus
3608:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3597:Abelisauridae
3593:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3556:Masiakasaurus
3553:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3522:Huinculsaurus
3519:
3517:
3516:
3515:Elaphrosaurus
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3434:Austrocheirus
3431:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3355:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3286:Berberosaurus
3283:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3264:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3204:
3198:
3175:
3174:
3173:Halticosaurus
3170:
3168:
3167:
3166:Teinurosaurus
3163:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3093:Megapnosaurus
3090:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3063:Coelophysidae
3060:
3054:
3053:
3052:Powellvenator
3049:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2942:Liliensternus
2939:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:Dolichosuchus
2910:
2908:
2907:
2906:Dilophosaurus
2903:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2888:
2881:
2880:
2879:Herrerasauria
2876:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:Daemonosaurus
2829:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2618:Coelurosauria
2617:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2560:0-520-24209-2
2556:
2552:
2547:
2546:
2539:
2528:on 2007-12-09
2527:
2523:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2506:Archaeopteryx
2503:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2385:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2341:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2156:Padian (2004)
2152:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2123:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2089:
2086:
2083:, p. 19.
2082:
2077:
2074:
2063:
2062:New Scientist
2059:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1933:Currie (2005)
1929:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1905:"coelurosaur"
1900:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1877:
1876:"coelurosaur"
1871:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1704:Palaeontology
1701:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1656:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1616:
1611:
1604:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1577:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1559:
1558:
1550:
1549:
1541:
1540:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1430:Ornitholestes
1424:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1271:
1265:
1264:Coelurosauria
1262:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1227:maniraptorans
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:Bullatosauria
1117:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
993:In the early
991:
988:
987:Daohugou Beds
984:
983:
978:
977:
972:
968:
967:
962:
961:
956:
955:
950:
949:
948:Ornitholestes
944:
943:
938:
937:
936:Archaeopteryx
932:
931:Late Jurassic
928:
927:
922:
921:
916:
912:
908:
900:
898:
895:
891:
883:
881:
879:
875:
871:
870:
865:
864:
859:
858:ornithischian
854:
852:
849:and possibly
848:
844:
843:
838:
837:
832:
828:
822:
814:
809:
805:
801:
798:
794:
791:
788:
784:
783:
782:
780:
779:
774:
773:
768:
767:
766:Tyrannosaurus
762:
758:
754:
750:
741:
736:
734:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
715:maniraptorans
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
686:
682:
678:
672:
627:
626:Coelurosauria
611:
610:
609:Teinurosaurus
603:
600:
599:
592:
590:
589:
582:
579:
578:
571:
569:
568:
561:
559:
558:
551:
549:
548:
541:
538:
537:
530:
527:
526:
519:
516:
515:
508:
506:
505:
504:Huaxiagnathus
498:
495:
494:
487:
484:
483:
476:
473:
472:
465:
463:
462:
455:
453:
452:
445:
442:
441:
434:
433:
432:
431:
424:
418:
417:
413:
411:
410:
403:
398:
397:
392:
390:
389:
384:
382:
381:
376:
374:
373:
366:
364:
363:
356:
354:
353:
352:Tanycolagreus
346:
344:
343:
342:Ornitholestes
338:
336:
335:
328:
326:
325:
318:
316:
315:
308:
307:
305:
300:
295:
290:
289:Coelurosauria
287:
284:
281:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
228:
225:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
193:
188:
184:
181:
180:house sparrow
177:
176:Ronaldoraptor
173:
172:
171:Archaeopteryx
167:
166:
161:
160:
155:
154:
153:Tyrannosaurus
148:
144:
139:
133:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
64:
57:
53:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
18:Bullatosauria
6966:Coelurosaurs
6872:
6836:
6765:
6758:
6751:
6744:
6737:
6732:Ornithomimus
6730:
6723:
6716:
6709:
6702:
6695:
6688:
6670:Tyrannomimus
6668:
6660:
6652:
6645:
6640:Deinocheirus
6638:
6631:
6611:
6604:
6597:
6573:
6565:
6560:Nqwebasaurus
6558:
6553:Nedcolbertia
6551:
6544:
6537:
6531:Calamosaurus
6529:
6523:Aviatyrannis
6521:
6514:
6489:
6459:
6452:
6445:
6437:
6430:
6423:
6416:
6408:
6403:Aristosuchus
6401:
6395:Aniksosaurus
6393:
6375:Aniksosaurus
6373:
6343:
6336:
6328:
6274:
6239:
6232:
6225:
6218:
6144:
6137:
6130:
6110:
6103:
6095:
6090:Dynamoterror
6088:
6080:
6060:
6053:
6033:
6026:
6006:
6001:Asiatyrannus
5999:
5975:
5968:
5939:Dryptosaurus
5937:
5929:
5922:
5891:
5884:
5877:
5869:
5862:
5855:
5848:
5841:
5834:
5829:Jinbeisaurus
5827:
5820:
5813:
5805:
5800:Aviatyrannis
5798:
5791:
5757:
5752:Sinotyrannus
5750:
5743:
5736:
5729:
5708:
5701:
5679:
5672:
5631:
5624:
5617:
5609:
5602:
5594:
5586:
5581:Bicentenaria
5579:
5571:
5566:Asiamericana
5564:
5557:
5544:
5531:
5498:
5455:
5439:
5432:
5425:
5418:
5411:
5404:
5397:
5376:
5368:
5361:
5354:
5347:
5341:Deltadromeus
5339:
5331:
5324:
5273:Tyrannotitan
5271:
5264:
5257:
5250:
5230:
5206:
5201:Taurovenator
5199:
5192:
5185:
5180:Lajasvenator
5178:
5171:
5164:
5159:Concavenator
5157:
5149:
5142:
5117:
5109:
5102:
5094:
5086:
5066:
5059:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5005:
4997:
4989:
4982:
4975:Allosauridae
4943:
4936:
4931:Shidaisaurus
4929:
4922:
4915:
4895:
4887:
4862:
4854:
4847:
4840:
4809:
4801:
4793:
4786:
4759:
4751:
4739:Avetheropoda
4726:Avetheropoda
4697:
4656:Avetheropoda
4623:
4616:
4609:Spinosaurini
4596:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4567:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4504:
4496:
4489:
4484:Protathlitis
4482:
4475:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4428:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4374:Leshansaurus
4372:
4365:
4358:
4338:
4331:
4326:Megalosaurus
4324:
4319:Duriavenator
4317:
4297:
4272:
4256:Megalosauria
4237:
4230:
4225:Marshosaurus
4223:
4218:Condorraptor
4216:
4196:
4155:
4148:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4099:Cruxicheiros
4097:
4090:
4082:
4074:
4066:
3931:
3926:Quilmesaurus
3924:
3917:
3910:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3854:
3847:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3789:
3778:Brachyrostra
3764:
3744:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3707:
3700:
3680:
3675:Tralkasaurus
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3616:
3609:
3577:Vespersaurus
3575:
3570:Velocisaurus
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3471:
3465:Deltadromeus
3463:
3455:
3449:Compsosuchus
3447:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3399:
3391:
3385:Lametasaurus
3383:
3375:
3341:
3336:Ceratosaurus
3334:
3314:
3306:
3299:
3291:
3284:
3268:Ceratosauria
3253:
3246:
3171:
3164:
3122:
3114:
3107:
3099:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3050:
3045:Podokesaurus
3043:
3036:
3029:
3021:
2997:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2928:Gojirasaurus
2926:
2921:Dracovenator
2919:
2911:
2904:
2892:Neotheropoda
2877:
2869:
2861:
2855:Guaibasaurus
2853:
2846:
2838:
2830:
2824:Chindesaurus
2822:
2712:
2703:
2615:
2601:
2583:
2568:
2544:
2530:. Retrieved
2526:the original
2513:
2509:
2505:
2497:
2493:
2469:
2438:
2434:
2424:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2313:10.26879/820
2306:(3): 1–110.
2303:
2299:
2289:
2272:
2268:
2255:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2208:
2203:
2187:
2182:
2176:: 1100–1117.
2173:
2169:
2163:
2151:
2142:
2138:
2125:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2088:
2076:
2065:. Retrieved
2061:
2051:
2029:(1): 24–30.
2026:
2022:
2009:
1974:
1968:
1958:
1950:ScienceDaily
1949:
1940:
1928:
1919:
1908:
1899:
1891:the original
1879:
1870:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1775:
1765:
1734:
1724:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1513:
1512:
1491:
1489:
1459:
1428:
1399:
1397:
1368:
1338:
1336:
1307:
1305:
1278:Bicentenaria
1276:
1263:
1255:
1248:
1236:Ornithomimus
1234:
1231:Thomas Holtz
1210:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1186:
1176:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1151:
1143:Ornithomimus
1141:
1135:
1119:
1116:Troodontidae
1108:Thomas Holtz
1102:
1095:
1081:
1058:
1050:
1039:
992:
980:
974:
964:
958:
952:
946:
942:Wellnhoferia
940:
934:
924:
918:
904:
887:
866:
861:
855:
850:
846:
840:
834:
824:
776:
770:
764:
745:
723:
707:tyrannosaurs
700:
625:
624:
607:
596:
586:
575:
565:
555:
545:
534:
523:
512:
502:
491:
480:
469:
461:Aniksosaurus
459:
451:Asiamericana
449:
438:
414:
407:
394:
386:
378:
370:
360:
350:
340:
332:
324:Bicentenaria
322:
312:
288:
282:
276:Avetheropoda
269:
256:
243:
230:
169:
163:
157:
151:
46:Coelurosaurs
40:
6897:Wikispecies
6797:Maniraptora
6786:Maniraptora
6767:Tototlmimus
6697:Anserimimus
6647:Garudimimus
6633:Beishanlong
6575:Valdoraptor
6516:Arkansaurus
6461:Xunmenglong
6338:Juravenator
6132:Tarbosaurus
6008:Nanuqsaurus
5977:Gorgosaurus
5893:Megaraptora
5879:Timurlengia
5611:Sciurumimus
5559:Aratasaurus
5427:Murusraptor
5349:Fukuiraptor
5312:Megaraptora
5194:Shaochilong
5166:Eocarcharia
5119:Megaraptora
5039:Lusovenator
4917:Alpkarakush
4774:Carnosauria
4625:Spinosaurus
4598:Siamosaurus
4498:Suchosaurus
4445:Iberospinus
4381:Magnosaurus
4360:Afrovenator
4333:Torvosaurus
4084:Chilesaurus
3897:Carnotaurus
3890:Caletodraco
3876:Abelisaurus
3702:Arcovenator
3549:Laevisuchus
3540:Noasaurinae
3442:Berthasaura
3413:Noasauridae
3343:Genyodectes
3308:Lukousaurus
3301:Jubbulpuria
3101:Panguraptor
3079:Coelophysis
3072:Camposaurus
3031:Panguraptor
3023:Dracoraptor
2999:Zupaysaurus
2984:Tachiraptor
2963:Sarcosaurus
2863:Nhandumirim
2441:(1): 1–73.
2323:10362/98436
2275:(1): 1–25.
2145:(1): 42–57.
1515:Maniraptora
1046:Maniraptora
1042:cladistical
1033:. Only the
851:Juravenator
836:Juravenator
778:Parvicursor
772:Microraptor
598:Shaochilong
577:Sciurumimus
525:Juravenator
440:Megaraptora
416:Maniraptora
314:Aratasaurus
165:Deinonychus
61:165–0
6960:Categories
6725:Gallimimus
6654:Harpymimus
6599:Harpymimus
6220:Iliosuchus
6190:see below↓
6019:Alioramini
5836:Juratyrant
5822:Eotyrannus
5807:Bagaraatan
5759:Yutyrannus
5693:Coeluridae
5619:Vayuraptor
5465:see below↓
5441:Tratayenia
5434:Orkoraptor
5420:Megaraptor
5326:Aoniraptor
5259:Mapusaurus
5187:Sauroniops
5151:Altispinax
5104:Neovenator
5046:Siamraptor
5032:Datanglong
4999:Epanterias
4991:Antrodemus
4984:Allosaurus
4965:Allosauria
4788:Altispinax
4753:Gasosaurus
4665:see below↓
4541:Suchomimus
4142:Sinosaurus
3977:see below↓
3933:Viavenator
3883:Aucasaurus
3820:Ilokelesia
3791:Dahalokely
3746:Rajasaurus
3724:Indosaurus
3717:Genusaurus
3709:Dahalokely
3633:Indosuchus
3529:Limusaurus
3488:Ligabueino
3481:Kiyacursor
3473:Genusaurus
3457:Dahalokely
3377:Betasuchus
3248:Dornraptor
3148:see below↓
3124:Segisaurus
2977:Sinosaurus
2840:Eodromaeus
2769:see below↓
2717:Dinosauria
2699:Sauropsida
2532:2007-01-29
2458:References
2196:0801867630
2067:2022-07-16
1650:References
1152:Avepectora
1092:segnosaurs
1083:Allosaurus
1035:Neornithes
995:Cretaceous
890:endocrania
874:pterosaurs
872:), and in
863:Tianyulong
815:Integument
696:carnosaurs
514:Iliosuchus
482:Gasosaurus
362:Vayuraptor
250:Saurischia
237:Dinosauria
6801:includes
6746:Rativates
6739:Qiupalong
6439:Scipionyx
6432:Mirischia
6105:Lythronax
6097:Labocania
6028:Alioramus
5681:Labocania
5399:Aerosteon
4945:Sinraptor
4849:Erectopus
4584:Irritator
4169:Orionides
4054:Tetanurae
4041:Tetanurae
3968:Tetanurae
3904:Elemgasem
3827:Llukalkan
3806:Elemgasem
3563:Noasaurus
3426:Afromimus
3234:Averostra
3221:Averostra
3139:Averostra
2991:Velocipes
2810:Theropoda
2797:Theropoda
2760:Theropoda
2685:Kingdom:
2669:Theropoda
2447:1567-2158
2332:1094-8074
2043:2397-334X
1401:Scipionyx
1061:phylogeny
982:Pedopenna
688:dinosaurs
294:von Huene
263:Theropoda
210:Kingdom:
204:Eukaryota
178:", and a
130:Possible
6882:Wikidata
6330:Coelurus
5738:Kileskus
5731:Guanlong
5703:Coelurus
5596:Gualicho
5096:Gualicho
4477:Baryonyx
3813:Guemesia
3640:Kryptops
3401:Ozraptor
3038:Pendraig
2693:Chordata
2691:Phylum:
2687:Animalia
2467:(2005).
2416:10440726
2376:23112330
2247:10381873
2001:26041865
1854:23719374
1811:85354215
1612:See also
1250:Shuvuuia
1132:sphenoid
1065:taxonomy
926:Kileskus
907:Triassic
827:feathers
795:a bowed
742:Bodyplan
694:than to
685:theropod
547:Nuthetes
493:Gualicho
334:Coelurus
224:Chordata
220:Phylum:
214:Animalia
200:Domain:
32:Coelurus
6917:4434257
6888:Q131092
5871:Timimus
5633:Zuolong
5363:Rapator
5266:Meraxes
4591:Oxalaia
3912:Koleken
2935:Lepidus
2697:Class:
2510:Science
2356:Bibcode
2348:Science
2227:Science
1992:4528472
1862:4364892
1834:Bibcode
1673:Bibcode
1309:Zuolong
1137:Troodon
939:(incl.
737:Anatomy
675:; from
380:Zuolong
56:Present
6930:436492
6539:Hexing
6227:Kakuru
5815:Dilong
3856:Thanos
3834:Niebla
3654:Rugops
3647:Kurupi
2557:
2553:–231.
2481:
2445:
2414:
2374:
2330:
2245:
2194:
2041:
1999:
1989:
1881:Lexico
1860:
1852:
1826:Nature
1809:
1165:named
1076:, and
1029:, and
839:, and
787:sacrum
713:, and
296:, 1914
134:record
6943:53940
6803:birds
5843:Moros
5370:Siats
5111:Siats
5053:Siats
2713:Clade
2704:Clade
2265:(PDF)
2135:(PDF)
2019:(PDF)
1858:S2CID
1807:S2CID
1370:Aorun
1241:birds
1215:clade
1163:clade
1156:basal
1124:birds
808:femur
804:tibia
724:Most
719:birds
692:birds
681:clade
677:Greek
283:Clade
270:Clade
257:Clade
244:Clade
231:Clade
6925:NCBI
6795:see
5413:Maip
2871:Tawa
2746:see
2555:ISBN
2479:ISBN
2443:ISSN
2412:PMID
2372:PMID
2328:ISSN
2243:PMID
2192:ISBN
2039:ISSN
1997:PMID
1850:PMID
1239:and
1225:and
1140:and
1114:and
1063:and
1059:The
979:and
963:and
923:and
867:and
797:ulna
759:and
69:PreꞒ
6912:EoL
2588:doi
2573:doi
2571:, (
2551:210
2514:310
2475:368
2404:doi
2400:285
2394:".
2364:doi
2352:338
2318:hdl
2308:doi
2277:doi
2235:doi
2231:258
2143:314
2111:doi
2107:158
2031:doi
1987:PMC
1979:doi
1842:doi
1830:498
1799:doi
1739:doi
1712:doi
1681:doi
1190:or
1126:or
659:ɔːr
647:ʊər
174:, "
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6940::
6927::
6914::
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6884::
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2706::
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2439:12
2437:.
2433:.
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2398:.
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2302:.
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2267:.
2241:.
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2172:.
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2105:.
2101:.
2060:.
2037:.
2025:.
2021:.
1995:.
1985:.
1975:11
1973:.
1967:.
1948:.
1907:.
1885:.
1878:.
1856:.
1848:.
1840:.
1828:.
1805:.
1795:10
1793:.
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1737:.
1733:.
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1706:.
1679:.
1669:53
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