383:
has the most liberal cabotage rules in the world, enacted in 1979, which allow foreign airlines to operate domestic flights, conditional upon reciprocal treatment for
Chilean carriers in the foreign airline's country. This unusual regime is partly due to Chile's geographical need for air service, and
98:
are the right of a company from one country to trade in another country. In aviation, it is the right to operate within the domestic borders of another country, particularly to carry passengers and cargo from one point in the other country directly to another point in the same country. Most countries
179:
China does not permit foreign flagged vessels to conduct domestic transport or domestic transhipments without the prior approval of the
Ministry of Transport. While Hong Kong and Macau maintain distinct internal cabotage regimes from the mainland, maritime cabotage between either territory and the
151:
Cabotage laws apply to merchant ships in most countries that have a coastline so as to protect the domestic shipping industry from foreign competition, preserve domestically owned shipping infrastructure for national security purposes, and ensure safety in congested territorial waters.
503:" refers to the right to carry passengers between two points in country A through a hub in country B; for instance, a Boston-Toronto-Seattle itinerary. Such services are currently considered to constitute cabotage and are not permitted. In 2002, the United States fined
215:(Jones Act) requires that all goods transported by water between U.S. ports be carried on ships that have been constructed in the United States and that fly the U.S. flag, are owned by U.S. citizens, and are crewed by U.S. citizens and U.S. permanent residents. The
176:. After the passage of Foreign Ships Co-Loading Act or the Republic Act No. 10668 in 2015, foreign vessels with cargo intended to be exported out the country may dock in multiple ports in the country before transiting to a foreign port.
485:
The
European Union allows limited cabotage for road transport. A non-resident carrier which has driven to another EU country is allowed to pick up and deliver a further load inside the host country before returning to the border.
260:
prohibits member states from granting cabotage on an exclusive basis, which has limited the availability of cabotage as a bargaining chip in bilateral aviation agreement negotiations. Cabotage is not granted under most
388:, which now has major operations in many other Latin American countries. Like Australia, Chile allows foreign companies to set up Chilean subsidiaries to offer domestic flights in Chile, regardless of reciprocity.
199:, a convention which imposes duties on maritime carriers, apply only to "carriage of goods by sea between ports in two different states", and thus do not apply to cabotage shipping. However, section 1(3) of the UK
246:
pursuant to the Outer
Continental Shelf Lands Act, the requirements also apply to structures attached to the American outer continental shelf for the purpose of exploration, development, or production of natural
187:
In the EU, rights to cabotage in newly admitted member states (in particular, Greece, Spain and
Portugal) were restricted; but this introductory provision was abandoned after criticism in the light of the
203:
declares that the Rules "shall have effect … where the port of shipment is a port in the United
Kingdom, whether or not the carriage is between ports in two different States …".
543:
A component is “major” if it exceeds 1.5 percent of the vessel’s steelweight. A component is deemed part of the hull if it forms part of the watertight envelope of the vessel.
655:
527:
operates service between New York and Los
Angeles solely for use by international connecting passengers. Such services are not generally considered to be cabotage.
80:
of goods or passengers between two places in the same country. The term originally applied to shipping along coastal routes, port to port, but now applies to
448:
257:
219:
states that no foreign vessels shall transport passengers between ports or places in the United States, either directly or by way of a foreign port.
459:
after all US-flagged airlines ceased operations in the region, one of very few instances where the US has granted cabotage rights in an emergency.
172:
or the transport of passengers and goods within the country, to vessels with
Philippine registry which has to secure a coastwise license from the
727:
980:
564:
216:
168:
In the
Philippines, the Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 1937) which is also known as the Cabotage Law restricts
689:
184:
requires special permits from both the People's
Republic of China and the Republic of China and are usually off-limits to foreign vessels.
165:
implemented a cabotage policy in 2005 after previously allowing foreign-owned vessels to operate relatively freely within the country.
970:
942:
629:
892:
768:
200:
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mainland is considered domestic carriage and accordingly is off limits to foreign vessels. Similarly, maritime crossings across the
882:
477:
Reciprocal cabotage rights exist by treaty between New Zealand and Brunei, and between the People's Republic of China and Albania.
869:
713:
603:
1000:
1010:
368:) to operate on domestic routes, although it prohibits such airlines from operating international routes as Australian
212:
173:
758:
1015:
1005:
849:
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Certain airlines operate services within a foreign country without the right to carry local traffic. For instance,
405:
424:
also flew between then-West Germany and West Berlin. During this time, Pan Am flew to Tegel, in Berlin, from
273:
Carriers licensed under EU law are permitted to engage in cabotage in any EU member state, with some limitations.
803:
302:
916:"Canada's new government delivers greater Air Travel choice through Open Skies agreement with the United States"
372:. They can, however still operate international routes if they are operated by an Australian-owned subsidiary.
384:
partly to incentivize liberalization in other countries amid the international expansion of its flag carrier
364:
Australia also permits foreign-owned airlines incorporated under Australian law (such as the domestic arm of
1020:
995:
196:
724:
350:
919:
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421:
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do not permit aviation cabotage, and there are strict sanctions against it, for reasons of economic
568:
500:
452:
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361:
were Australian-owned airlines based in New Zealand that operated domestic New Zealand services.
358:
981:"European transport policy for 2010 : time to decide" European Union Commission White paper
975:
790:
888:
764:
189:
104:
139:"cape", or it may refer to a type of boat. Attempts to link the name to the Italian explorer
365:
354:
32:
731:
504:
409:
334:
318:
169:
156:
226:“all major components of its hull and superstructure are fabricated in the United States”
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offers one international destination from Australia outside New Zealand, flying between
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agreement allows Australian air carriers to fly domestically and internationally from
989:
429:
181:
108:
100:
607:
417:
369:
330:
437:
915:
804:"Communication from the Commission – Strengthening aviation relations with Chile"
656:"Beyond Republic Act No. 10668: Policy Considerations to Improve Coastwise Trade"
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agreement, which also allows British carriers to fly to any city from Singapore.
565:"'European transport policy for 2010: time to decide' EU Commission White paper"
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have bases and operate domestic services outside their home countries.
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661:. Sector Planning Bureau of the Department of Trade and Industry. 2015
524:
512:
338:
322:
314:
884:
Introduction to Air Transport Economics: From Theory to Applications
606:. Japan Federation of Coastal Shipping Associations. Archived from
237:
all points in the territorial sea, within three miles of the coast,
380:
508:
470:
carriers the right to fly domestic UK routes as part of an
123:
The term "cabotage" is borrowed from French. It is derived from
971:
European Commission > 3rd railway package including cabotage
690:"Legal Briefing: A Quick Overview of Maritime Cabotage Regimes"
233:
The requirements of the Jones Act apply to transport between:
115:, whose member states all grant cabotage rights to each other.
229:
assembly of the vessel occurs “entirely in the United States.”
68:
16:
Transport within a country by an operator from another country
65:
243:
the island territories and possessions of the United States.
825:"Cabotage definition and standards for emergency exemption"
47:
428:(now closed), Hamburg and Frankfurt. Air France flew from
56:
760:
The Principles and Practice of International Aviation Law
53:
41:
590:"Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales"
317:
subsidiary), flies domestic routes within New Zealand.
256:
Cabotage rights remain rare in passenger aviation. The
127:
which means "to travel along the coast". The origin of
420:
and West Berlin. For a short time in the late 1980s,
222:
A vessel satisfies the “U.S. built” requirement if:
38:
630:"Cabotage provides a big boost to shipping industry"
337:
also flies one domestic route in Australia, between
62:
50:
44:
35:
240:points in internal waters of the United States,
943:"DOT fines Asiana for violating cabotage laws"
763:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–53.
8:
507:for selling tickets from the mainland US to
155:For the history of cabotage in UK law, see
567:. Ec.europa.eu. 2005-12-01. Archived from
449:United States Department of Transportation
870:International and cabotage road transport
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
455:to provide temporary cabotage service in
887:. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 156–157.
752:
750:
748:
556:
536:
309:and vice versa. An Australian carrier,
217:Passenger Vessel Services Act of 1886
7:
941:Compart, Andrew (31 October 2002).
830:. U.S. Department of Transportation
604:"Adherence to the cabotage system"
14:
201:Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971
31:
143:are not supported by evidence.
111:. One notable exception is the
695:. UK P&I Club. August 2018
400:was prohibited from flying to
1:
976:What is the meaning cabotage?
131:is obscure: it may come from
742:Hague-Visby rules, Article X
432:. British Airways flew from
416:operated the routes between
213:Merchant Marine Act of 1920
174:Maritime Industry Authority
1037:
462:In October 2007, the
211:In the United States, the
18:
444:, and some other cities.
345:, Australia. Previously,
303:Closer Economic Relations
297:Australia and New Zealand
757:Havel, Brian F. (2014).
495:"Modified sixth freedom"
447:In 2003–2004, the
19:Not to be confused with
881:Vasigh, Bijan (2008).
1001:Political terminology
852:. Channelnewsasia.com
850:"Channelnewsasia.com"
252:In passenger aviation
920:Government of Canada
793:European Commission.
725:Paros ferry disaster
422:Trans World Airlines
190:Paros ferry disaster
1011:International trade
806:. Eur-lex.europa.eu
636:. 23 September 2013
610:on 26 December 2014
453:Polynesian Airlines
426:Munich-Riem Airport
730:2011-01-20 at the
359:Ansett New Zealand
258:Chicago Convention
1016:Freight transport
1006:International law
918:(Press release).
481:In road transport
347:Qantas Jetconnect
197:Hague–Visby Rules
105:national security
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490:Related concepts
366:Virgin Australia
357:subsidiary) and
355:Virgin Australia
341:, Australia and
325:, Australia and
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922:. 12 March 2007
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335:Air New Zealand
319:Air New Zealand
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170:coastwise trade
157:Navigation Acts
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96:Cabotage rights
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457:American Samoa
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392:Other examples
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571:on 2012-09-27
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950:. Retrieved
946:
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924:. Retrieved
910:
898:. Retrieved
883:
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854:. Retrieved
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832:. Retrieved
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808:. Retrieved
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774:. Retrieved
759:
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697:. Retrieved
663:. Retrieved
650:
638:. Retrieved
633:
624:
612:. Retrieved
608:the original
598:
592:(in French).
584:
573:. Retrieved
569:the original
559:
539:
522:
498:
484:
476:
461:
446:
418:West Germany
395:
379:
363:
351:Pacific Blue
331:Cook Islands
300:
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265:agreements.
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95:
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26:
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952:26 December
900:26 December
834:26 December
776:26 December
640:26 December
614:26 December
515:via Seoul.
451:authorized
402:West Berlin
386:LATAM Chile
307:New Zealand
147:In shipping
990:Categories
926:10 January
856:2014-01-09
810:2014-01-09
791:"Cabotage"
699:4 November
575:2014-01-09
551:References
519:Tag rights
472:open skies
430:Düsseldorf
414:Air France
291:Aer Lingus
263:open skies
247:resources.
665:5 October
468:Singapore
438:Osnabrück
398:Lufthansa
327:Rarotonga
163:Indonesia
119:Etymology
92:as well.
78:transport
76:) is the
728:Archived
466:granted
442:Hannover
287:Wizz Air
86:railways
82:aviation
27:Cabotage
21:Sabotage
434:Münster
329:of the
311:Jetstar
283:Vueling
279:easyJet
275:Ryanair
129:caboter
125:caboter
891:
767:
525:Qantas
513:Saipan
412:, and
406:Pan Am
339:Sydney
323:Sydney
315:Qantas
289:, and
88:, and
828:(PDF)
693:(PDF)
659:(PDF)
531:Notes
404:, so
381:Chile
376:Chile
141:Cabot
107:, or
954:2014
928:2014
902:2014
889:ISBN
836:2014
778:2014
765:ISBN
701:2021
667:2017
642:2014
616:2014
511:and
509:Guam
301:The
195:The
137:cabo
353:(a
349:,
313:(a
135:or
133:cap
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675:^
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930:.
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669:.
644:.
618:.
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