22:
421:, in which he claimed that "the defects of casuistry are not defects of principle; no objection can be taken to its aim and object. It has failed only because it is far too difficult a subject to be treated adequately in our present state of knowledge". Furthermore, he asserted that "casuistry is the goal of ethical investigation. It cannot be safely attempted at the beginning of our studies, but only at the end".
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220:
sympathiser attacked priests who used casuistic reasoning in confession to pacify wealthy church donors. Pascal charged that "remorseful" aristocrats could confess a sin one day, re-commit it the next, then generously donate to the church and return to re-confess their sin, confident that they were
987:
242:
argue that it is not casuistry but its abuse that has been a problem; that, properly used, casuistry is powerful reasoning. Jonsen and
Toulmin offer casuistry as a method for compromising the contradictory principles of
342:, which effectively stated that one could choose to follow a "probable opinion"—that is, an opinion supported by a theologian or another—even if it contradicted a more probable opinion or a quotation from one of the
440:. Its facility for dealing with situations where rules or values conflict with each other has made it a useful approach in professional ethics, and casuistry's reputation has improved somewhat as a result.
767:"Letters on the spirit of patriotism : On the idea of a patriot king : and on the state of parties at the accession of King George the First / Henry St John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke. 1752"
1949:
Mackler, Aaron
Leonard. Cases of Judgments in Ethical Reasoning: An Appraisal of Contemporary Casuistry and Holistic Model for the Mutual Support of Norms and Case Judgments (Diss., Georgetown U).
776:
3738:
231:, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke to the effect that casuistry "destroys, by distinctions and exceptions, all morality, and effaces the essential difference between right and wrong, good and evil".
446:, a Jesuit, has criticized casuistry as "the practice of setting general laws on the basis of exceptional cases" in instances where a more holistic approach would be preferred.
2016:
McCready, Amy R. (1992). "Milton's
Casuistry: The Case of 'The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce.' " Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Vol. 22, pp. 393–428.
904:
170 "Casuistry..destroys, by distinctions and exceptions, all morality, and effaces the essential difference between right and wrong." Henry St. John, Viscount
Bolingbroke,
2219:
Smith, David H. (1991). "Stories, Values, and
Patient Care Decisions." in Charles Conrad, ed. The Ethical Nexus: Values in Organizational Decision Making. (New Jersey).
1845:
Kuczewski, Mark G. (1994). Fragmentation and
Consensus in Contemporary Neo-Aristotelian Ethics: A Study in Communitarianism and Casuistry (Diss., Duquesne U).
3714:
1286:
Carney, Bridget Mary. (1993). Modern
Casuistry: An Essential But Incomplete Method for Clinical Ethical Decision-Making. (Diss., Graduate Theological Union).
381:
reasoning to justify moral laxity. By the mid-18th century, "casuistry" had become a synonym for attractive-sounding, but ultimately false, moral reasoning.
2104:
Odozor, Paulinus
Ikechukwu (1989). Richard A. McCormick and Casuistry: Moral Decision-Making in Conflict Situations (M.A. Thesis, St. Michael's College).
766:
178:, meaning "case", especially as referring to a "case of conscience". The same source says, "Even in the earliest printed uses the sense was pejorative".
2313:
Tallmon, James
Michael (1993). Casuistry and the Quest for Rhetorical Reason: Conceptualizing a Method of Shared Moral Inquiry (Diss., U of Washington).
812:
Letters on the spirit of patriotism : On the idea of a patriot king : and on the state of parties at the accession of King George the First
2737:
2310:
Tallmon, James
Michael (2001). "Casuistry" in The Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. Ed. Thomas O. Sloane. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 83–88.
3746:
228:
1329:
Chidwick, Paula Marjorie (1994). Approaches to Clinical Ethical Decision-Making: Ethical Theory, Casuistry and Consultation. (Diss., U of Guelph)
2107:
Pack, Rolland W. (1988). Case Studies and Moral Conclusions: The Philosophical Use of Case Studies in Biomedical Ethics (Diss., Georgetown U).
2301:
2007:
1256:
2663:
Zacker, David J. (1991). Reflection and Particulars: Does Casuistry Offer Us Stable Beliefs About Ethics? (M.A. Thesis, Western Michigan U).
404:. Despite this condemnation by a pope, both Catholicism and Protestantism permit the use of ambiguous statements in specific circumstances.
2703:
1326:
Carson, Ronald A. (1988). "Paul Ramsey, Principled Protestant Casuist: A Retrospective." Medical Humanities Review, Vol. 2, pp. 24–35.
620:
1896:
Long, Edward LeRoy, junior (1954). Conscience and Compromise: an Approach to Protestant Casuistry (Philadelphia, Penn.: Westminster Press)
1512:
Hunter, Michael (1993). "Casuistry in Action: Robert Boyle's Confessional Interviews with Gilbert Burnet and Edward Stillingfleet, 1691".
1635:
Jonsen, Albert R. (1986). "Casuistry" in J.F. Childress and J. Macgvarrie, eds. Westminster Dictionary of Christian Ethics (Philadelphia)
3762:
1421:
Drane, J.F. (1990). "Methodologies for Clinical Ethics." Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization, Vol. 24, pp. 394–404.
221:
being assigned a penance in name only. These criticisms darkened casuistry's reputation in the following centuries. For example, the
100:
by extracting or extending abstract rules from a particular case, and reapplying those rules to new instances. This method occurs in
2862:
2066:
1866:
997:
954:
Ruser sans mentir, de la casuistique aux sciences sociales: le recours à l’équivocité, entre efficacité pragmatique et souci éthique
939:
922:
838:
503:
84:
2774:
2746:
1037:
1508:
Houle, Martha Marie (1983). The Fictions of Casuistry and Pascal's Jesuit in "Les Provinciales" (Diss. U California, San Diego)
338:
The progress of casuistry was interrupted toward the middle of the 17th century by the controversy which arose concerning the
21:
3999:
3730:
2345:
Taylor, Richard (1984). Good and Evil – A New Direction: A Foreceful Attack on the Rationalist Tradition in Ethics (Buffalo).
738:
628:
353:, because it was used to justify many of the abuses that they sought to reform. It was famously attacked by the Catholic and
590:
3547:
2964:
1676:
Jonsen, Albert R. (1991). "Of Balloons and Bicycles; or, the Relationship between Ethical Theory and Practical Judgment".
965:, Actes du colloque international «La raison rusée», Louvain la Neuve, mars 2001, Paris, La Découverte, 2004, pp. 93–118
3794:
3754:
3667:
2720:
1148:
Bliton, Mark J. (1993). The Ethics of Clinical Ethics Consultation: On the Way to Clinical Philosophy (Diss. Vanderbilt)
983:
128:
Study of cases of conscience and a method of solving conflicts of obligations by applying general principles of ethics,
3426:
165:
2114:
Peach, Lucinda Joy (1994). "Feminist cautions about casuistry: The Supreme Court's abortion decisions as paradigms".
1424:
Dworkin, R.B. (1994). "Emerging Paradigms in Bioethics: Symposium." Indiana Law Journal, Vol. 69, pp. 945–1122.
3969:
3722:
3913:
2459:
Toulmin, Stephen (1988). "The Recovery of Practical Philosophy." The American Scholar, Vol. 57, pp. 337–352.
1433:
Franklin, James (2001). The Science of Conjecture: Evidence and Probability Before Pascal (Johns Hopkins), ch. 4.
515:
276:
256:
223:
1712:
Jonsen, Albert R. and Stephen Toulmin (1988). The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning (California).
3989:
3929:
3416:
3073:
2829:
917:
Jonsen, Albert R., The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning, University of California Press, 1988.
145:
3979:
562:
2020:
Miller, R. B. (1989). "On Transplanting Human Fetal Tissue: Presumptive Duties and the Task of Casuistry".
1476:
Green, Bryan S. (1988). Literary Methods and Sociological Theory: Case Studies of Simmel and Weber (Albany)
1112:
Blake, David C. (1992). "The Hospital Ethics Committee Health Care's Moral Conscience or White Elephant?".
3994:
3974:
3406:
3007:
2959:
1266:
Carlson, A. Cheree (1992). "Creative casuistry and feminist consciousness: The rhetoric of moral reform".
771:
350:
292:
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3778:
3706:
3662:
3024:
3019:
2914:
1350:
Degrazia, D. (1992). "Moving Forward in Bioethical Theory: Theories, Cases, and Specified Principlism".
697:
362:
343:
810:
148:, ecclesiastical precepts, and an exceptional skill in interpreting these various norms of conduct....
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491:
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to particular and concrete cases of human conduct. This frequently demands an extensive knowledge of
1239:
Brody, Baruch A. (1989). "A Historical Introduction to Jewish Casuistry on Suicide and Euthanasia".
3984:
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3834:
3810:
3677:
3597:
3577:
3552:
3522:
2934:
2814:
2639:
Wildes, Kevin Wm., S.J. (1993). The View for Somewhere: Moral Judgment in Bioethics (Diss. Rice U).
1430:
Emanuel, Ezekiel J. (1991). The Ends of Human Life: Medical Ethics in a Liberal Polity (Cambridge).
979:
550:
412:
328:
2317:
Tallmon, J. M. (1994). "How Jonsen Really Views Casuistry: A Note on the Abuse of Father Wildes".
1876:
Leites, Edmund (1974). "Conscience, Casuistry, and Moral Decision: Some Historical Perspectives".
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1219:
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556:
288:
208:
1900:
MacIntyre, Alasdair C. (1990). "The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning (Review)".
632:
2142:
Río Parra, Elena del (2008). Cartografías de la conciencia española en la Edad de Oro (Mexico).
1436:
Gallagher, Lowell (1991). Medusa's Gaze: Casuistry and Conscience in the Renaissance (Stanford)
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918:
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544:
535: – Deductive analogy or reasoning by measuring the new situation with the given situation
477:
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332:
1427:
Elliot, Carl (1992). "Solving the Doctor's Dilemma?" New Scientist, Vol. 133, pp. 42–43.
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Keenan, James F., S.J. and Thomas A. Shannon. (1995). The Context of Casuistry (Washington).
1685:
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Jonsen, A. R. (1991). "American Moralism and the Origin of Bioethics in the United States".
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2386:
Tomlinson, Tom (1994). "Casuistry in medical ethics: Rehabilitated, or repeat offender?".
1202:
Brody, Baruch A. (1988). "Ethical Questions Raised by the Persistent Vegetative Patient".
826:
509:
437:
401:
272:
239:
97:
2586:
Weinstein, Bruce David (1989). The Possibility of Ethical Expertise (Diss. Georgetown U).
2558:
Watson, Robert N.; Seiden, Melvin (1992). "Measure for Measure: Casuistry and Artistry".
1953:
Macpherson-Smith, Malcolm (1994). "Anchor and Course for the Modern Ship of Casuistry".
559: – Takes into account the particular context of an act when evaluating it ethically
3918:
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958:
743:. eBooks@Adelaide. M'Crie, Thomas (trans.). London: Chatto & Windus. Archived from
494: – Process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems
485:
425:
300:
284:
252:
153:
133:
101:
1440:
Gaul, Alice Leveille (1995). "Casuistry, care, compassion, and ethics data analysis".
428:
has revived the ideas of casuistry in applying moral reasoning to particular cases in
3963:
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3254:
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2857:
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2521:
2500:
Van Der Steen, Wim J.; Musschenga, Bert (1992). "The issue of generality in ethics".
2273:
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1921:
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1453:
1054:
Arras, J. D. (1991). "Getting Down to Cases: The Revival of Casuistry in Bioethics".
358:
320:
213:
203:
105:
33:
2452:
2378:
1982:
1838:
1772:
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1319:
168:, the term and its agent noun "casuist", appearing from about 1600, derive from the
3883:
3826:
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3622:
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3326:
3199:
3133:
3128:
3063:
2919:
2904:
1718:
Kirk, K. (1936). Conscience and Its Problems, An Introduction to Casuistry (London)
1668:
1628:
1083:
953:
443:
324:
304:
141:
2611:
Wildes, K. Wm. (1993). "The Priesthood of Bioethics and the Return of Casuistry".
2049:
Murray, Thomas H. (1994). "Medical ethics, moral philosophy and moral tradition".
744:
2714:, article on how modern compliance regimes in accountancy and law apply casuistry
2415:
2293:
2058:
598:
3582:
3386:
3163:
2824:
2174:
Seiden, Melvin (1990). Measure for Measure: Casuistry and Artistry (Washington).
1248:
1165:
137:
2729:
2656:
2265:
2159:
1743:
Kopelman, Loretta M. (1994). "Case method and casuistry: The problem of bias".
934:
Kelly, J.N.D., The Oxford History of the Popes, Oxford University Press, 1986.
671:
3642:
3612:
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3448:
3306:
3249:
3209:
3204:
2974:
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1966:
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1342:
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1038:"Pope to meet with sex abuse victims for first time in June", Francis X. Rocca
567:
453:
260:
109:
2717:
2191:
1858:
1152:
Boeyink, David E. (1992). "Casuistry: A Case-Based Methods for Journalists".
1013:
878:
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3482:
3381:
3291:
3264:
3244:
3189:
3058:
2867:
2603:
1942:
1290:
Carson, Ronald A. (1990). "Interpretive bioethics: The way of discernment".
869:
852:
433:
370:
354:
312:
217:
187:
174:
121:
113:
93:
29:
2444:
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2097:
2033:
1830:
1793:
1722:
Klinefelter, Donald S. (1990). "How is Applied Philosophy to be Applied?".
1583:
1554:
1363:
1333:
Davis, Dena S. (1992). "Abortion in Jewish Thought: A Study in Casuistry".
1186:
2688:
2632:
2624:
2529:
Walton, Douglas N. (1990). "Courage, relativism and practical reasoning".
2492:
2436:
2407:
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2041:
1974:
1913:
1801:
1764:
1705:
1660:
1620:
1591:
1562:
1541:
Hunter, K. M. (1989). "A Science of Individuals: Medicine and Casuistry".
1501:
1461:
1414:
1371:
1311:
1231:
1194:
1141:
1075:
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963:
Les Raisons de la ruse. Une perspective anthropologique et psychanalytique
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3853:
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3391:
3356:
3346:
3259:
3194:
3168:
2680:
1639:
Jonsen, Albert R. (1991). "Casuistry as methodology in clinical ethics".
538:
296:
129:
2667:
Zaner, R. M. (1993). "Voices and Time: The Venture of Clinical Ethics".
1396:
190:(384–322 BC), yet the peak of casuistry was from 1550 to 1650, when the
3512:
3401:
3366:
3321:
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3311:
3224:
3214:
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2542:
2513:
2484:
2399:
2362:
2236:
2127:
1999:
1822:
1780:
Kopelman, L. M. (1990). "What is Applied About "Applied" Philosophy?".
1756:
1697:
1652:
1612:
1303:
1223:
1133:
378:
234:
The 20th century saw a revival of interest in casuistry. In their book
117:
2349:
Thomasma, David C. (1994). "Clinical ethics as medical hermeneutics".
1929:
MacIntyre, Alasdair (1984). "Does Applied Ethics Rest on a Mistake?".
1809:
Kuczewski, Mark G. (1994). "Casuistry and Its Communitarian Critics".
853:"From Law to Paradise: Confessional Catholicism and Legal Scholarship"
792:
527: – Method of studying the Talmud through intense textual analysis
3497:
3438:
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3173:
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647:
524:
2571:
2476:
1689:
1480:
Hoffmaster, Barry (1994). "The forms and limits of medical ethics".
1215:
1125:
373:
to justify moral laxity, which became identified by the public with
646:
Rolbiecki, J. J. (1942). "Casuistry". In Runes, Dagobert D. (ed.).
3477:
3467:
2423:
Toulmin, Stephen (1982). "How Medicine Saved the Life of Ethics".
2199:
Singer, Marcus G. (1980). "Is Ethics a Science? Ought It to Be?".
530:
169:
20:
992:(2 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 57.
724:
The Science of Conjecture: Evidence and Probability Before Pascal
3517:
3433:
3279:
3274:
3234:
2223:
Sobel, Jordan Howard (1985). "Everyone's conforming to a rule".
388:
publicly condemned sixty-five of the more radical propositions (
2756:
2146:
Rudy, Kathy (1994). "Thinking Through the Ethics of Abortion".
2076:
Murray, Thomas H. (1993). "Moral Reasoning in Social Context".
275:
thinkers in the early modern period. Casuistic authors include
198:) used case-based reasoning, particularly in administering the
61:
3443:
429:
1014:"Casuistry | Ethics & Moral Decision Making | Britannica"
1091:
Biggar, Nigel (1989). "A Case for Casuistry in the Church".
726:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 83–88.
3739:
An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
2643:
Winston, Morton E. (1990). "Ethics Committee Simulations".
2288:. Philosophy and Medicine. Vol. 32. pp. 193–211.
1599:
Jonsen, Albert R. (1986). "Casuistry and clinical ethics".
76:
58:
2252:
Keenan, James F. (1993). "Notes on Moral Theology: 1992".
908:(pub. 1749), quoted in Oxford English Dictionary, 1989 ed.
506: – Exemption from the obligation of law in some cases
2752:
1990:
Mahowald, Mary B. (1994). "Collaboration and Casuistry".
1243:. Philosophy and Medicine. Vol. 35. pp. 39–75.
377:; hence the everyday use of the term to mean complex and
64:
55:
202:(or "confession"). The term became pejorative following
2735:
Casuistry – Online Guide to Ethics and Moral Philosophy
2110:
Pascal, Blaise (1967). The Provincial Letters (London).
1173:
Boyle, J. (1991). "Who is Entitled to Double Effect?".
572:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
520:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
263:
have been identified as employing casuistic reasoning.
2463:
Toulmin, Stephen (1981). "The Tyranny of Principles".
2178:
Sichol, Marcia (1992). "Women and the New Casuistry".
547: – Faculty of discovering the crux of the matter
488: – Practical application of moral considerations
85:
67:
52:
831:
The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning
349:
Certain kinds of casuistry were criticised by early
236:
The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning
73:
70:
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3691:
3457:
3182:
3111:
2973:
2848:
2790:
809:St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke, Henry (1752).
49:
2286:Moral Theory and Moral Judgments in Medical Ethics
2284:Strong, Carson (1988). "Justification in Ethics".
2280:Starr, G. (1971). Defoe and Casuistry (Princeton).
791:
400:and forbade anyone to teach them under penalty of
1994:. Semiotic Crossroads. Vol. 6. p. 61.
961:, P.-J. Laurent, O. Servais & M. Singleton,
518: – Overview of and topical guide to thought
1851:Conscience and Casuistry in Early Modern Europe
392:), taken chiefly from the writings of Escobar,
2768:
1849:Leites, Edmund (1988). Leites, Edmund (ed.).
206:'s attack on the misuse of the method in his
36:, expressing mockery of his casuist education
8:
3715:Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel
500: – Ethical theory based on consequences
2747:Casuistry – Oxford Encyclopedia of Rhetoric
1335:Journal of the American Academy of Religion
415:dealt with casuistry in chapter 1.4 of his
251:. In addition, the ethical philosophies of
2775:
2761:
2753:
2590:Weston, Anthony (1984). "Drawing Lines".
1404:
868:
2718:Mortimer Adler's Great Ideas – Casuistry
1955:Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics
906:Letters on the Spirit of Patriotism 1736
3747:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
2730:Summary of casuistry by Jeramy Townsley
2712:Accountancy as computational casuistics
833:, Berkeley, U. California Press (1990,
740:The Provincial Letters of Blaise Pascal
582:
512: – Basic proposition or assumption
271:The casuistic method was popular among
1514:The Journal of Ecclesiastical History
670:Kemerling, Garth (10 December 2011).
116:reasoning, especially in relation to
7:
2425:Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
1902:Journal of the History of Philosophy
3763:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
1811:Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal
124:). It has been defined as follows:
112:to criticise the use of clever but
2705:Dictionary of the History of Ideas
2669:Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
2613:Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
2319:Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
2213:10.1111/j.1467-9744.1980.tb00374.x
2090:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1993.tb00927.x
2022:Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
1890:10.1111/j.1540-6253.1974.tb00146.x
1782:Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
1736:10.1111/j.1467-9833.1990.tb00263.x
1572:Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
1543:Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
1381:"Health care ethics and casuistry"
1352:Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
1175:Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
1105:10.1111/j.1468-0025.1989.tb00206.x
1056:Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
779:from the original on 20 June 2022.
625:Dictionary of the History of Ideas
398:propositiones laxorum moralistarum
14:
2749:catalogued at she-philosopher.com
815:. London: A. Millar. p. 187.
504:Dispensation (Catholic canon law)
3944:
3943:
1454:10.1097/00012272-199503000-00006
1040:. Catholic News Service. Online.
470:
456:
45:
3731:The Theory of Moral Sentiments
3101:Value monism – Value pluralism
702:Online Etymological Dictionary
629:University of Virginia Library
570: – Problem-solving method
283:(1627) enjoyed great success,
166:Online Etymological Dictionary
152:It remains a common method in
1:
1878:Journal of Chinese Philosophy
1482:Social Science & Medicine
3795:On the Genealogy of Morality
3755:Critique of Practical Reason
2502:The Journal of Value Inquiry
2294:10.1007/978-94-009-2715-5_14
2059:10.1017/CBO9780511627842.008
2051:Medicine and Moral Reasoning
1724:Journal of Social Philosophy
1494:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90348-4
1154:Journal of Mass Media Ethics
365:against the Jesuits, in his
216:, religious philosopher and
1442:Advances in Nursing Science
1268:Quarterly Journal of Speech
1249:10.1007/978-94-015-7838-7_3
1166:10.1207/s15327728jmme0702_4
591:"Philosophy-Dictionary.org"
281:Summula casuum conscientiae
4016:
3723:A Treatise of Human Nature
2657:10.5840/teachphil199013220
2465:The Hastings Center Report
2266:10.1177/004056399305400105
2160:10.1177/004057369405100204
1678:The Hastings Center Report
1204:The Hastings Center Report
1114:The Hastings Center Report
238:(1988), Albert Jonsen and
16:Reasoning by extrapolation
3939:
1967:10.1017/S0963180100005223
1526:10.1017/S0022046900010216
1385:Journal of Medical Ethics
1280:10.1080/00335639209383979
794:Oxford English Dictionary
553: – Cultural movement
541: – Art of persuasion
516:List of thought processes
277:Antonio Escobar y Mendoza
257:preference utilitarianism
224:Oxford English Dictionary
26:Le grand docteur sophiste
3074:Universal prescriptivism
2192:10.5840/thought199267223
2078:Journal of Social Issues
1859:10.1017/CBO9780511521430
737:Pascal, Blaise (1898) .
722:Franklin, James (2001).
649:Dictionary of Philosophy
108:. The term is also used
2863:Artificial intelligence
2604:10.5840/monist198467440
1992:Peirce and Value Theory
1943:10.5840/monist198467438
1343:10.1093/jaarel/LX.2.313
563:Talmudical hermeneutics
340:doctrine of probabilism
227:quotes a 1738 essay by
194:(commonly known as the
28:, 1886 illustration of
1241:Suicide and Euthanasia
772:Royal Collection Trust
396:and other casuists as
351:Protestant theologians
212:(1656–57). The French
173:
150:
96:that seeks to resolve
37:
4000:Criticism of religion
3787:The Methods of Ethics
3025:Divine command theory
3020:Ideal observer theory
2560:Shakespeare Quarterly
2437:10.1353/pbm.1982.0064
2225:Philosophical Studies
1914:10.1353/hph.1990.0086
893:Science of Conjecture
870:10.12946/rg18/012-034
386:Pope Innocent XI
363:formulary controversy
344:Fathers of the Church
317:Institutiones Morales
186:Casuistry dates from
126:
24:
3904:Political philosophy
2740:18 June 2006 at the
2723:16 July 2011 at the
2388:Theoretical Medicine
2351:Theoretical Medicine
2331:10.1093/jmp/19.1.103
2034:10.1093/jmp/14.6.617
1794:10.1093/jmp/15.2.199
1745:Theoretical Medicine
1641:Theoretical Medicine
1601:Theoretical Medicine
1584:10.1093/jmp/16.1.113
1555:10.1093/jmp/14.2.193
1364:10.1093/jmp/17.5.511
1292:Theoretical Medicine
1187:10.1093/jmp/16.5.475
980:Moore, George Edward
851:Decock, Wim (2011).
492:Case-based reasoning
200:Sacrament of Penance
3874:Evolutionary ethics
3835:Reasons and Persons
3811:A Theory of Justice
2965:Uncertain sentience
2645:Teaching Philosophy
2625:10.1093/jmp/18.1.33
2254:Theological Studies
2053:. pp. 91–105.
1397:10.1136/jme.18.2.61
1379:Downie, R. (1992).
1068:10.1093/jmp/16.1.29
747:on 5 September 2015
696:Harper, Douglas R.
551:School of Salamanca
329:Valerius Reginaldus
3869:Ethics in religion
3864:Descriptive ethics
3699:Nicomachean Ethics
2681:10.1093/jmp/18.1.9
2543:10.1007/BF02382593
2514:10.1007/BF00138918
2400:10.1007/BF00999216
2363:10.1007/BF00994019
2237:10.1007/BF01305396
2128:10.1007/BF00999885
2000:10.1075/sc.6.09mah
1823:10.1353/ken.0.0082
1757:10.1007/BF00999217
1653:10.1007/BF00489890
1613:10.1007/BF00489424
1304:10.1007/BF00489238
1018:www.britannica.com
825:Albert Jonsen and
601:on 18 January 2012
557:Situational ethics
367:Provincial Letters
289:Vincenzo Filliucci
209:Provincial Letters
92:) is a process of
38:
3970:Catholic casuists
3957:
3956:
3924:Social philosophy
3909:Population ethics
3899:Philosophy of law
3879:History of ethics
3362:Political freedom
3039:Euthyphro dilemma
2830:Suffering-focused
2303:978-94-010-7723-1
2009:978-90-272-1947-3
1258:978-90-481-4039-8
545:Rhetorical reason
478:Psychology portal
464:Philosophy portal
424:Since the 1960s,
333:Hermann Busembaum
309:Theologia Moralis
164:According to the
120:questions (as in
4007:
3947:
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3894:Moral psychology
3839:
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3819:Practical Ethics
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3707:Ethics (Spinoza)
3703:
3342:Moral imperative
2800:Consequentialism
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2537:(1–2): 227–240.
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635:on 18 June 2006.
631:. Archived from
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597:. Archived from
587:
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498:Consequentialism
480:
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461:
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418:Principia Ethica
413:G. E. Moore
390:stricti mentalis
369:, as the use of
249:moral relativism
245:moral absolutism
192:Society of Jesus
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3377:Self-discipline
3337:Moral hierarchy
3285:Problem of evil
3230:Double standard
3220:Culture of life
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3054:Non-cognitivism
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2742:Wayback Machine
2725:Wayback Machine
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3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3069:Quasi-realism
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2893:Environmental
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2815:Particularism
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2773:
2771:
2766:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2708:: "Casuistry"
2707:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2357:(2): 93–111.
2356:
2352:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2068:9780521459464
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1868:9780521520201
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1817:(2): 99–116.
1816:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1034:
1031:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1001:
999:0-521-44848-4
995:
991:
990:
985:
981:
975:
972:
964:
960:
956:
955:
948:
945:
941:
940:0-19-282085-0
937:
931:
928:
924:
923:0-52-006063-6
920:
914:
911:
907:
901:
898:
894:
888:
885:
880:
876:
871:
866:
862:
858:
854:
847:
844:
840:
839:0-520-06960-9
836:
832:
828:
822:
819:
814:
813:
796:
795:
790:"Casuistry".
786:
783:
778:
774:
773:
768:
762:
759:
746:
742:
741:
733:
730:
725:
718:
715:
703:
699:
692:
689:
677:
673:
666:
663:
651:
650:
642:
639:
634:
630:
626:
622:
616:
613:
600:
596:
592:
586:
583:
577:
569:
566:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
533:
529:
526:
523:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
483:
479:
468:
465:
454:
449:
447:
445:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
420:
419:
414:
407:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
359:Blaise Pascal
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:Etienne Bauny
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
266:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
237:
232:
230:
226:
225:
219:
215:
214:mathematician
211:
210:
205:
204:Blaise Pascal
201:
197:
193:
189:
181:
179:
177:
176:
171:
167:
159:
157:
155:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
106:jurisprudence
103:
99:
95:
91:
90:
81:
42:
35:
34:Albert Robida
31:
27:
23:
19:
3928:
3884:Human rights
3858:
3827:After Virtue
3553:Schopenhauer
3327:Moral agency
3200:Common sense
3096:Universalism
3064:Expressivism
3044:Intuitionism
3015:Subjectivism
2960:Terraforming
2935:Professional
2704:
2672:
2668:
2648:
2644:
2619:(1): 33–49.
2616:
2612:
2595:
2591:
2563:
2559:
2534:
2530:
2505:
2501:
2471:(6): 31–39.
2468:
2464:
2428:
2424:
2391:
2387:
2354:
2350:
2322:
2318:
2285:
2257:
2253:
2228:
2224:
2204:
2200:
2183:
2179:
2151:
2147:
2119:
2115:
2081:
2077:
2050:
2025:
2021:
1991:
1958:
1954:
1934:
1930:
1905:
1901:
1881:
1877:
1850:
1814:
1810:
1785:
1781:
1751:(1): 21–37.
1748:
1744:
1727:
1723:
1684:(5): 14–16.
1681:
1677:
1644:
1640:
1607:(1): 65–74.
1604:
1600:
1575:
1571:
1546:
1542:
1517:
1513:
1485:
1481:
1448:(3): 47–57.
1445:
1441:
1391:(2): 61–66.
1388:
1384:
1355:
1351:
1334:
1298:(1): 51–59.
1295:
1291:
1271:
1267:
1240:
1210:(1): 33–37.
1207:
1203:
1178:
1174:
1157:
1153:
1117:
1113:
1096:
1092:
1062:(1): 29–51.
1059:
1055:
1033:
1021:. Retrieved
1017:
1008:
988:
974:
962:
952:
947:
930:
913:
905:
900:
892:
887:
860:
856:
846:
830:
821:
811:
801:21 September
799:. Retrieved
793:
785:
770:
761:
749:. Retrieved
745:the original
739:
732:
723:
717:
705:. Retrieved
701:
691:
679:. Retrieved
675:
665:
653:. Retrieved
648:
641:
633:the original
624:
615:
603:. Retrieved
599:the original
594:
585:
531:
444:Pope Francis
442:
423:
416:
411:
397:
389:
383:
374:
357:philosopher
348:
337:
325:Louis Cellot
316:
308:
305:Paul Laymann
293:penitentiary
291:(Jesuit and
280:
270:
255:(especially
235:
233:
222:
207:
195:
185:
163:
151:
127:
110:pejoratively
89:-ew-iss-tree
40:
39:
25:
18:
3702:(c. 322 BC)
3568:Kierkegaard
3387:Stewardship
3164:Rousseauian
3081:Rationalism
2993:Cognitivism
2940:Programming
2915:Meat eating
2888:Engineering
2675:(1): 9–31.
2531:Philosophia
2394:(1): 5–20.
1120:(1): 6–11.
967:(in French)
672:"Casuistry"
621:"Casuistry"
361:during the
335:(d. 1668).
138:natural law
3985:Common law
3964:Categories
3598:Bonhoeffer
3307:Immorality
3250:Eudaimonia
3210:Conscience
3205:Compassion
3091:Skepticism
3086:Relativism
3003:Naturalism
2983:Absolutism
2955:Technology
2805:Deontology
2566:(2): 242.
2260:: 95–159.
891:Franklin,
807:, quoting
751:23 January
681:26 October
655:26 October
605:7 December
578:References
568:Heuristics
261:pragmatism
3859:Casuistry
3771:Either/Or
3678:Korsgaard
3673:Azurmendi
3638:MacIntyre
3578:Nietzsche
3508:Augustine
3503:Confucius
3483:Aristotle
3459:Ethicists
3417:Intrinsic
3382:Suffering
3292:Happiness
3265:Free will
3245:Etiquette
3190:Authority
3134:Epicurean
3129:Confucian
3124:Christian
3059:Emotivism
2883:Discourse
2820:Pragmatic
2792:Normative
2551:144539329
2522:144980478
2274:220489972
2245:170640015
2207:: 29–42.
2168:146934768
2136:143567140
1922:144734704
1884:: 41–58.
1730:: 16–26.
1534:162420334
1520:: 80–98.
1274:: 16–32.
1099:: 29–51.
982:(1993) .
942:(p. 287).
879:1619-4993
595:casuistry
434:bioethics
379:sophistic
375:Jesuitism
371:rhetorics
355:Jansenist
319:, 1600),
313:John Azor
311:, 1625),
218:Jansenist
188:Aristotle
160:Etymology
146:civil law
122:sophistry
94:reasoning
41:Casuistry
30:Gargantua
3949:Category
3889:Ideology
3854:Axiology
3683:Nussbaum
3633:Frankena
3628:Anscombe
3618:Williams
3573:Sidgwick
3493:Valluvar
3488:Diogenes
3473:Socrates
3397:Theodicy
3392:Sympathy
3357:Pacifism
3347:Morality
3260:Fidelity
3240:Equality
3195:Autonomy
3183:Concepts
3144:Feminist
3119:Buddhist
3049:Nihilism
2988:Axiology
2945:Research
2878:Computer
2873:Business
2738:Archived
2721:Archived
2453:35014697
2445:11643854
2379:11845065
2098:17167922
1983:30253302
1839:45915303
1831:11645267
1773:27735131
1470:44950319
1320:22670761
1023:11 April
777:Archived
707:14 March
539:Rhetoric
450:See also
384:In 1679
297:St Peter
279:, whose
273:Catholic
130:religion
3847:Related
3593:Tillich
3558:Bentham
3533:Spinoza
3528:Aquinas
3513:Mencius
3427:Western
3402:Torture
3367:Precept
3322:Loyalty
3317:Liberty
3312:Justice
3225:Dignity
3215:Consent
3159:Kantian
3149:Islamic
3112:Schools
2998:Realism
2930:Nursing
2925:Medical
2910:Machine
2850:Applied
2689:8433050
2633:8433047
2580:2870893
2493:7037683
2485:3560542
2408:8059432
2371:7997974
2339:8201287
2180:Thought
2042:2614282
1975:7994464
1802:2351894
1765:8059430
1706:1743945
1698:3562885
1669:7991017
1661:1801300
1629:5420360
1621:3704959
1592:2010718
1563:2769113
1502:7801153
1462:7778890
1415:1619625
1406:1376108
1372:1431667
1312:2339334
1232:3350649
1224:3562015
1195:1779208
1142:1544801
1134:3562714
1084:4542283
1076:2010719
986:(ed.).
925:(p. 2).
196:Jesuits
182:History
118:ethical
114:unsound
3838:(1984)
3830:(1981)
3822:(1979)
3814:(1971)
3806:(1903)
3798:(1887)
3790:(1874)
3782:(1861)
3774:(1843)
3766:(1820)
3758:(1788)
3750:(1785)
3742:(1780)
3734:(1759)
3726:(1740)
3718:(1726)
3710:(1677)
3668:Taylor
3653:Parfit
3648:Singer
3623:Mackie
3498:Cicero
3439:Virtue
3372:Rights
3297:Honour
3154:Jewish
2950:Sexual
2858:Animal
2840:Virtue
2784:Ethics
2687:
2631:
2592:Monist
2578:
2549:
2520:
2491:
2483:
2451:
2443:
2414:
2406:
2377:
2369:
2337:
2300:
2272:
2243:
2166:
2134:
2096:
2065:
2040:
2006:
1981:
1973:
1931:Monist
1920:
1865:
1837:
1829:
1800:
1771:
1763:
1704:
1696:
1667:
1659:
1627:
1619:
1590:
1561:
1532:
1500:
1468:
1460:
1413:
1403:
1370:
1318:
1310:
1255:
1230:
1222:
1193:
1140:
1132:
1082:
1074:
996:
938:
921:
877:
837:
525:Pilpul
436:, and
394:Suarez
331:, and
259:) and
142:equity
132:, and
3930:Index
3692:Works
3663:Adams
3658:Nagel
3613:Dewey
3608:Rawls
3588:Barth
3583:Moore
3548:Hegel
3523:Xunzi
3478:Plato
3468:Laozi
3449:Wrong
3422:Japan
3412:Value
3407:Trust
3302:Ideal
3169:Stoic
2920:Media
2905:Legal
2576:JSTOR
2547:S2CID
2518:S2CID
2481:JSTOR
2449:S2CID
2416:45692
2412:S2CID
2375:S2CID
2270:S2CID
2241:S2CID
2201:Zygon
2164:S2CID
2132:S2CID
1979:S2CID
1918:S2CID
1835:S2CID
1769:S2CID
1694:JSTOR
1665:S2CID
1625:S2CID
1530:S2CID
1466:S2CID
1316:S2CID
1220:JSTOR
1130:JSTOR
1080:S2CID
957:, in
532:Qiyas
299:'s),
175:casus
172:noun
170:Latin
3643:Hare
3603:Foot
3563:Mill
3543:Kant
3538:Hume
3518:Mozi
3434:Vice
3352:Norm
3280:Evil
3275:Good
3235:Duty
2975:Meta
2898:Land
2825:Role
2810:Care
2685:PMID
2629:PMID
2489:PMID
2441:PMID
2404:PMID
2367:PMID
2335:PMID
2298:ISBN
2094:PMID
2063:ISBN
2038:PMID
2004:ISBN
1971:PMID
1863:ISBN
1827:PMID
1798:PMID
1761:PMID
1702:PMID
1657:PMID
1617:PMID
1588:PMID
1559:PMID
1498:PMID
1458:PMID
1411:PMID
1368:PMID
1308:PMID
1253:ISBN
1228:PMID
1191:PMID
1138:PMID
1072:PMID
1025:2024
994:ISBN
936:ISBN
919:ISBN
875:ISSN
861:2011
835:ISBN
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