2011:
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370:. Further, its parts may or may not have relative positions to each other. All medieval discussions about the nature of the continuum, of the infinite and the infinitely divisible, are a long footnote to this text. It is of great importance in the development of mathematical ideas in the medieval and late Scholastic period. Examples: two cubits long, number, space, (length of) time.
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Next, he distinguishes between what is said "of" a subject and what is "in" a subject. What is said "of" a subject describes the kind of thing that it is as a whole, answering the question "what is it?" What is said to be "in" a subject is a predicate that does not describe it as a whole but cannot
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The first four are given a detailed treatment in four chapters, doing and being-affected are discussed briefly in a single small chapter, the remaining four are passed over lightly, as being clear in themselves. Later texts by scholastic philosophers also reflect this disparity of treatment.
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may be taken as the end point for the corresponding action. The term is, however, frequently taken to mean the relative position of the parts of an object (usually a living object), given that the position of the parts is inseparable from the state of rest
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to another, followed by a short section on simultaneity. Six forms of movement are then defined: generation, destruction, increase, diminution, alteration, and change of place. The work ends with a brief consideration of the word 'have' and its usage.
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Some are in a subject, but cannot be predicated of any subject. Thus, a certain individual point of grammatical knowledge is in me as in a subject, but it cannot be predicated of any subject; because it is an individual
497:
The term is, however, frequently taken to mean the determination arising from the physical accoutrements of an object: one's shoes, one's arms, etc. Traditionally, this category is also called a
104:). Aristotle intended them to enumerate everything that can be expressed without composition or structure, thus anything that can be either the subject or the predicate of a proposition.
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for this category has traditionally been translated into
English as "affection" and "passion" (also "passivity"), easily misinterpreted to refer only or mainly to
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79:. They are "perhaps the single most heavily discussed of all Aristotelian notions". The work is brief enough to be divided not into books, as is usual with
390:, of what kind or quality). This determination characterizes the nature of an object. Examples: white, black, grammatical, hot, sweet, curved, straight.
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In this part, Aristotle sets forth four ways things can be said to be opposed. Next, the work discusses five senses wherein a thing may be considered
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Note, however, that although
Aristotle has apparently distinguished between “being in a subject”, and “being predicated truly of a subject”, in the
493:, to have or be). The examples Aristotle gives indicate that he meant a condition of rest resulting from an affection (i.e. being acted on):
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themselves, whose definitions depend upon these four forms of predication. Aristotle's own text in
Ackrill's standard English version is:
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are substances. Later in the text, Aristotle calls these particulars “primary substances”, to distinguish them from
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464:, to lie). The examples Aristotle gives indicate that he meant a condition of rest resulting from an action:
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549:, to suffer or undergo). The reception of change from some other object (or from the affected object itself
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426:, where). Position in relation to the surrounding environment. Examples: in a marketplace, in the Lyceum.
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these are treated as synonymous. This has led some to suspect that
Aristotle was not the author of the
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His examples make clear that action is to affection as the active voice is to the passive voice — as
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is predicated of
Socrates, and therefore all that is predicated of man is predicated of Socrates.
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Last, some things neither can be in any subject nor can be predicated of any subject. These are
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exist without the subject, such as the shape of something. The latter has come to be known as
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may be predicated of James or John (one may say "John is a man"), but is not in any subject.
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be predicated. Hence, Socrates is a primary substance, while man is a secondary substance.
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is ambiguous between 'essence' and substance' there is a close link between them. See his
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This part was probably not part of the original text, but added by some unknown editor,
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is that which cannot be predicated of anything or be said to be in anything. Hence,
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Either simple, without composition or structure, such as "man", "horse", "fights".
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Some are both in a subject and able to be predicated of a subject, for example
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Some may be predicated (that is, said) of a subject, but are in no subject; as
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Or having composition and structure, such as "a man argued", "the horse runs".
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under one of ten categories (known to medieval writers as the Latin term
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A brief explanation (with some alternative translations) is as follows:
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898:. Loeb Classical Library 325. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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748:(Summer 2019 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
362:, how much). This is the extension of an object, and may be either
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The text begins with an explication of what
Aristotle means by "
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that enumerates all the possible kinds of things that can be the
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Of things said without any combination, each signifies either
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The forms of predication were called by the medieval
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Only composite forms of speech can be true or false.
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1545:On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration
805:
971:1963 translation by J. L. Ackrill, Chapters 1-5
740:Thomasson, Amie (2019), Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
682:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 55.
896:Categories; On Interpretation; Prior Analytics
1043:
678:Smith, Robin 1995 "Logic". In J. Barnes (ed)
8:
894:(1938). H. P. Cooke, Hugh Tredennick (ed.).
808:Aristotle, Categories and De Interpretatione
945:has original text related to this article:
141:(sometimes translated "derivative") words.
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144:It then divides forms of speech as being:
273:: in the Lyceum, in the market-place; of
189:as of a subject ("Geometry is science").
840:The Complete Works of Aristotle, 2 vols
785:
746:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
727:
671:
874:Categoriae et Liber de Interpretatione
655:Vaisheshika#The Categories or Padārtha
7:
1599:On Melissus, Xenophanes, and Gorgias
680:The Cambridge companion to Aristotle
660:Nyaya#Sixteen categories (padārthas)
253:. To give a rough idea, examples of
1020:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
876:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
764:Note that while Aristotle's use of
571:‘to be lanced’, ‘to be cauterized.’
565:. For action he gave the example,
1960:Transmission of the Greek Classics
815:. Oxford: At the Clarendon Press.
25:
1634:The Situations and Names of Winds
872:(1936). L. Minio-Paluello (ed.).
2020:
2010:
2009:
1002:Aristotle's Theory of Categories
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936:
924:
1540:On Length and Shortness of Life
466:‘Lying’, ‘sitting’, ‘standing’.
285:: has-shoes-on, has-armour-on;
166:Of all the things that exist,
1130:Correspondence theory of truth
1005:with an extensive bibliography
1:
1476:Constitution of the Athenians
951:1930 "Oxford" translation by
133:words, and what is meant by "
83:, but into fifteen chapters.
29:Text from Aristotle's Organon
1378:On Generation and Corruption
844:(One-Volume Digital Edition)
293:: being-cut, being-burned. (
987:public domain audiobook at
567:‘to lance’, ‘to cauterize’;
336:, which are universals and
277:: yesterday, last-year; of
269:: double, half, larger; of
265:: white, grammatical; of a
261:: four-foot, five-foot; of
2074:
1619:On Marvellous Things Heard
1238:Potentiality and actuality
852:Princeton University Press
541:
517:
485:
456:
438:
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320:, essence or substance).
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2005:
1982:Commentaries on Aristotle
833:(2014). "Categories". In
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640:Category (disambiguation)
553:other). Aristotle's name
125:words, what is meant by "
2058:Philosophical categories
1011:"Aristotle's Categories"
281:: is-lying, is-sitting;
1350:Sophistical Refutations
693:scholastic philosophers
559:affection as an emotion
289:: cutting, burning; of
1535:On Divination in Sleep
1221:Horror vacui (physics)
963:MIT Classical Archive
299:
2027:Philosophy portal
1649:Rhetoric to Alexander
919:Text and translations
645:Simplicius of Cilicia
590:The postpraedicamenta
454:, posture, attitude (
211:
194:individual substances
113:The antepraedicamenta
1738:Andronicus of Rhodes
1639:On Virtues and Vices
1594:On Indivisible Lines
1515:Sense and Sensibilia
1485:Rhetoric and poetics
1298:Mathematical realism
334:secondary substances
330:that particular tree
205:Then we come to the
1708:Strato of Lampsacus
1340:Posterior Analytics
1092:Ideas and interests
326:this particular man
279:being-in-a-position
257:are man, horse; of
239:being-in-a-position
2048:Works by Aristotle
1752:Islamic Golden Age
1675:Peripatetic school
1461:Nicomachean Ethics
1156:Future contingents
957:Classical Library
635:Categories (Stoic)
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1330:On Interpretation
1273:Temporal finitism
1161:Genus–differentia
1118:Category of being
1009:Studtmann, Paul.
931:Categories (Owen)
929:Works related to
697:antepraedicamenta
615:Category of being
563:emotional passion
451:Relative position
201:The praedicamenta
81:Aristotle's works
57:) is a text from
16:(Redirected from
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1198:Minima naturalia
1099:Active intellect
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854:. p. 2510.
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77:proposition
42:Κατηγορίαι
2042:Categories
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1809:Maimonides
1775:Avicennism
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1398:On Animals
1325:Categories
1145:Eudaimonia
995:Commentary
984:Categories
947:Κατηγορίαι
943:Wikisource
846:. Transl.
822:0198720866
795:References
752:2020-01-17
716:Categories
479:or state,
368:continuous
207:categories
135:paronymous
127:homonymous
119:synonymous
88:Categories
51:Categoriae
44:Katēgoriai
35:Categories
18:Categoriae
1970:Platonism
1925:MacIntyre
1787:Averroism
1765:Al-Farabi
1723:Critolaus
1667:Followers
1644:Economics
1624:Mechanics
1589:On Plants
1584:On Colors
1579:On Breath
1530:On Dreams
1520:On Memory
1283:Haecceity
1261:Syllogism
1232:Phronesis
1124:Catharsis
1073:Aristotle
892:Aristotle
870:Aristotle
831:Aristotle
788:pp. 69—70
537:affection
481:condition
322:Substance
307:Substance
283:of having
255:substance
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161:inherence
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59:Aristotle
2015:Category
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1782:Averroes
1770:Avicenna
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1733:Erymneus
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287:of doing
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1846:Thomism
1497:Poetics
1406:History
1368:Physics
1360:Physics
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1930:Smith
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1411:Parts
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1267:Telos
1254:ousia
1179:Lexis
1167:Hexis
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1078:Logic
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767:ousia
667:Notes
596:prior
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486:ἔχειν
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1920:Foot
1554:Lost
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695:the
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