632:
694:
779:
124:
824:
736:
1154:
661:
144:
1019:
1293:. Meanwhile, the American black vulture is normally connected with death or shown as a bird of prey, and its glyph is often depicted attacking humans. This species lacks the religious connections that the king vulture has. While some of the glyphs clearly show the American black vulture's open nostril and hooked beak, some are assumed to be this species because they are vulture-like, painted black, and lack the king vulture's knob.
392:
1095:
593:
261:
1547:; Mirarab, S.; Aberer, A. J.; Li, B.; Houde, P.; Li, C.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Faircloth, B. C.; Nabholz, B.; Howard, J. T.; Suh, A.; Weber, C. C.; Da Fonseca, R. R.; Li, J.; Zhang, F.; Li, H.; Zhou, L.; Narula, N.; Liu, L.; Ganapathy, G.; Boussau, B.; Bayzid, M. S.; Zavidovych, V.; Subramanian, S.; Gabaldon, T.; Capella-Gutierrez, S.; Huerta-Cepas, J.; Rekepalli, B.; Munch, K.; et al. (2014).
859:
507:; Sibley and Monroe (1990) even considered them a subfamily of the storks. This was criticized, and an early DNA sequence study was based on erroneous data and subsequently retracted. There was then an attempt to raise the New World vultures to the rank of an independent order, Cathartiformes, not closely associated with either the birds of prey or the storks and herons.
1256:. It formerly ranged from Baja California to British Columbia, but by 1937 was restricted to California. In 1987, all surviving birds were removed from the wild into a captive breeding program to ensure the species' survival. In 2005, there were 127 Californian condors in the wild. As of October 31, 2009 there were 180 birds in the wild. The Andean condor is
1234:
7%–40% and
Fusobacteriota up to 23%. It is assumed that vultures acquire them when they insert their heads into the body cavities of rotten meat. The regularly ingested Clostridia and Fusobacteriota outcompete other bacterial groups in the gut and become predominant. Genes that encode tissue-degrading enzymes and toxins that are associated with
1288:
being easily distinguishable by the knob on the bird's beak and by the concentric circles that represent the bird's eyes. It is sometimes portrayed as a god with a human body and a bird head. According to Mayan mythology, this god often carried messages between humans and the other gods. It is also
2844:
Hackett, Shannon J.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Reddy, Sushma; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Braun, Edward L.; Braun, Michael J.; Chojnowski, Jena L.; Cox, W. Andrew; Han, Kin-Lan; Harshman, John; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Marks, Ben D.; Miglia, Kathleen J.; Moore, William S.; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Steadman,
1030:
New World vultures are generally large, ranging in length from the lesser yellow-headed vulture at 56–61 centimeters (22–24 inches) up to the
California and Andean condors, both of which can reach 120 centimeters (48 inches) in length and weigh 12 or more kilograms (26 or
1233:
counts between 26% and 85% relative to total sequence counts, and
Fusobacteriota between 0.2% and 54% in black vultures and 2% to 69% of all counts in turkey vultures. Unexpectedly, both groups of anaerobic bacteria were also found on the air-exposed facial skin samples, with Clostridia at
1034:
All New World vultures have long, broad wings and a stiff tail, suitable for soaring. They are the best adapted to soaring of all land birds. The feet are clawed but weak and not adapted to grasping. The front toes are long with small webs at their bases. No New World vulture possesses a
2648:
Cracraft, J., F. K. Barker, M. Braun, J. Harshman, G. J. Dyke, J. Feinstein, S. Stanley, A. Cibois, P. Schikler, P. Beresford, J. García-Moreno, M. D. Sorenson, T. Yuri, and D. P. Mindell. (2004) "Phylogenetic relationships among modern birds (Neornithes): toward an avian tree of life."
1192:
in these species, which is responsible for processing smells, is particularly large compared to that of other animals. Other species, such as the
American black vulture and the king vulture, have weak senses of smell and find food only by sight, sometimes by following
510:
Recent multi-locus DNA studies on the evolutionary relationships between bird groups indicate that New World vultures are related to the other birds of prey, excluding the
Falconidae. This analysis argues that New World vultures should either be a part of a new order
1031:
more pounds). Plumage is predominantly black or brown, and is sometimes marked with white. All species have featherless heads and necks. In some, this skin is brightly colored, and in the king vulture it is developed into colorful wattles and outgrowths.
1119:
and at heights of sea level to mountain ranges, using their highly adapted sense of smell to locate carrion. These species of birds are also occasionally seen in human settlements, perhaps emerging to feed upon the food sources provided from roadkills.
374:
of dead animals without any notable ill effects. Some species of New World vulture have a good sense of smell, whereas Old World vultures find carcasses exclusively by sight. Other adaptations shared by both Old and New World vultures include a bald
1042:
The beak is slightly hooked and is relatively weak compared with those of other birds of prey. This is because it is adapted to tear the weak flesh of partially rotted carrion, rather than fresh meat. The nostrils are oval and set in a soft
850:
The fossil history of the
Cathartidae is complex, and many taxa that may possibly have been New World vultures have at some stage been treated as early representatives of the family. There is no unequivocal European record from the
2363:
Alvarenga, H.; Brito, G. R. R.; Migotto, R.; Hubbe, A.; Höfling, E. (2008) Pleistovultur nevesi gen. et sp. nov. (Aves: Vulturidae) and the diversity of condors and vultures in the South
American Pleistocene. Ameghiniana 45 (3):
1106:
New World vultures are restricted to the western hemisphere, ranging from southern Canada to South
America. Most species are mainly resident, but the turkey vulture breeds in Canada and the northern US and
1133:
New World vultures and condors do not build nests, but lay eggs on bare surfaces. On average one to three eggs are laid, depending on the species. Chicks are naked on hatching and later grow
2785:
Gibb, G. C.; Kardailsky, O.; Kimball, R. T.; Braun, E. L.; Penny, D. (2007). "Mitochondrial genomes and avian phylogeny: complex characters and resolvability without explosive radiations".
1055:, so that when looking from the side, one can see through the beak. The eyes are prominent, and, unlike those of eagles, hawks, and falcons, they are not shaded by a brow bone. Members of
1645:
Griffiths, C. S.; Barrowclough, G. F.; Groth, J. G.; Mertz, L. A. (2007-11-06). "Phylogeny, diversity, and classification of the
Accipitridae based on DNA sequences of the RAG-1 exon".
2685:
Ericson, Per G. P.; Anderson, Cajsa L.; Britton, Tom; Elżanowski, Andrzej; Johansson, Ulf S.; Kallersjö, Mari; Ohlson, Jan I.; Parsons, Thomas J.; Zuccon, Dario; Mayr, Gerald (2006).
491:
vultures were traditionally placed in a family of their own in the
Falconiformes. However, in the late 20th century some ornithologists argued that they are more closely related to
4309:
4163:
4202:
631:
1213:
of the facial skin and the large intestine. The facial bacterial flora and the gut flora overlapped somewhat, but in general, the facial flora was much more
1260:. The American black vulture, turkey vulture, lesser yellow-headed vulture, and greater yellow-headed vulture are listed as species of Least Concern by the
693:
383:
to prevent rotting matter from accumulating while feeding, and an extremely disease-resistant digestive system to protect against scavenging-related germs.
3159:
Stucchi, Marcelo; Emslie Steven, D (2005). "Un Nuevo Cóndor (Ciconiiformes, Vulturidae) del Mioceno Tardío-Plioceno Temprano de la Formación Pisco, Perú".
3067:
Remsen, J. V., Jr., C. D. Cadena, A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, T. S. Schulenberg, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer.
1244:. This supports the hypothesis that vultures do benefit from the bacterial breakdown of carrion, while at the same time tolerating the bacterial toxins.
3954:
4289:
4137:
3061:
The bird book: illustrating in natural colors more than seven hundred North American birds, also several hundred photographs of their nests and eggs
1145:, fledging in 2 to 3 months. California Condor chicks fledge anywhere from 5–6 months, while Andean condor chicks fledge anywhere from 6–10 months.
4176:
3258:"Phylogeny of Old and New World vultures (Aves: Accipitridae and Cathartidae) inferred from nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome
4304:
4299:
4284:
2346:
2833:
2556:
2566:
Brown J. W. & D. P. Mindell (2009) "Diurnal birds of prey (Falconiformes)" pp. 436–439 in Hedges S. B. and S. Kumar, Eds. (2009)
875:, rivalling the current diversity of Old World vultures and their relatives in shapes, sizes, and ecological niches. Extinct taxa include:
1176:, and they are commonly seen near carcasses. Other additions to the diet include fruit (especially rotten fruit) and garbage. The genus
1205:
Vultures possess a very acidic digestive system, with their gut dominated by two species of anaerobic bacteria that help them withstand
2988:
1368:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 112, 234.
3354:
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present in decaying prey. In a 2014 study of 50 (turkey and black) vultures, researchers analyzed the microbial community or
4181:
3326:
453:. Phylogenetic analyses including all Cathartidae species found two primary clades. The first consists of black vultures (
4189:
3947:
3446:
1086:. As this behavior is also present in storks, it is one of the arguments for a close relationship between the two groups.
682:
515:
or part of an order (Cathartiformes) closely related to, but distinct from, other birds of prey. New World vultures are a
2845:
David W.; Witt, Christopher C.; Yuri, Tamaki (2008). "A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history".
3436:
3040:
649:
1336:
400:
210:
4269:
4085:
3033:
2731:
1716:"Gymnogyps californianus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22697636A181151405"
1312:
741:
California and parts of northern Arizona, formerly widespread throughout the mountain ranges of Western North America
143:
1674:"Cathartes burrovianus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22697630A163511443"
1548:
1111:
south in the northern winter. New World vultures inhabit a large variety of habitats and ecosystems, ranging from
4207:
1138:
735:
3940:
3230:
2658:
1820:"Sarcoramphus papa: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697645A93627003"
1264:. The king vulture is also listed as Least Concern, although there is evidence of a decline in the population.
1153:
1770:"Vultur gryphus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22697641A181325230"
3710:
2546:
2188:
1236:
2618:
Campbell, Kenneth E. Jr.; Tonni, E. P. (1983). "Size and Locomotion in Teratorns (Aves: Teratornithidae)".
2130:
4025:
3740:
3003:
2794:
1317:
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than the gut flora, which is in contrast to other vertebrates, where the gut flora is more diverse. Two
837:
750:
707:
675:
642:
603:
123:
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2529:
2489:
2390:"DNA sequence support for a close phylogenetic relationship between some storks and New World vultures"
1784:
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450:
356:
3008:
2799:
2381:
2371:
2343:
3189:
3109:
2940:
2461:. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved 9 September 2007.
2281:. The Zoological Society of San Diego's Center for Conservation and Research for Endangered Species
1116:
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880:
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1804:
1800:
1789:
1742:
1738:
1700:
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1302:
1257:
1218:
795:
399:
The family Cathartidae was introduced (as the subfamily Cathartinae) by the French ornithologist
288:
138:
1063:
have a single incomplete row of eyelashes on the upper lid and two rows on the lower lid, while
970:
954:
660:
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913:
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1597:
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978:
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348:
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1039:, the vocal organ of birds. Therefore, the voice is limited to infrequent grunts and hisses.
4220:
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3295:
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2506:
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1769:
1715:
1673:
2858:
2405:
2234:
1819:
1567:
944:("Argentinean vulture") Early – Late? Pliocene of Argentina; may belong to modern genus
3775:
3766:
3730:
3426:
3091:
2713:
2686:
2278:
2217:
Michael Roggenbuck; Ida Bærholm Schnell; Nikolaj Blom; et al. (25 November 2014).
1592:
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376:
195:
131:
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3032:
Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. (2008)
2515:
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581:
524:
500:
324:
81:
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3025:
2641:
2610:
2581:
de Boer, L. E. M. (1975). "Karyological heterogeneity in the Falconiformes (Aves)".
1018:
592:
4000:
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3496:
3487:
2882:
1974:
1544:
1340:
1273:
1230:
1214:
1157:
1134:
1052:
812:
803:
699:
516:
423:
244:
1549:"Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds"
260:
4103:
3212:
2907:"Multi-locus phylogenetic inference among New World Vultures (Aves: Cathartidae)"
1363:
920:
Cathartidae gen. et sp. indet. Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, USA
4194:
4150:
4057:
2923:
2906:
2687:"Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils"
1229:(formerly Fusobacteria). They were especially common in the gut with Clostridia
1181:
1079:
905:
542:
56:
499:, morphological, and behavioral data. Thus some authorities placed them in the
3912:
3574:
3017:
1241:
1222:
1210:
1169:
892:
888:
884:("European vulture") Late Eocene/Early Oligocene – ?Middle Oligocene of France
858:
101:
66:
4048:
3278:
3257:
2344:
A new genus of tiny condor from the Pleistocene of Brazil (Aves: Vulturidae).
403:
in 1839. The New World vultures comprise seven species in five genera, being
4124:
3417:
2866:
2808:
2677:
2633:
2450:
2414:
1575:
1185:
1142:
986:
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496:
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438:
417:
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367:
238:
226:
155:
106:
50:
39:
2932:
2874:
2816:
2722:
2704:
2252:
1601:
1221:
faecal bacteria groups that are pathogenic in other vertebrates stood out:
17:
3287:
2653:(J. Cracraft and M. J. Donoghue, eds.). Oxford University Press, New York.
2602:
2433:
2374:, Tinamiformes to Falconiformes 7th Edition. AOU. Retrieved 6 October 2009
371:
4042:
3932:
3381:
2384:, Tinamiformes to Falconiformes 7th Edition. AOU. Retrieved 3 August 2010
962:
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572:
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405:
363:
344:
232:
175:
96:
91:
76:
71:
61:
43:
1605:
1289:
used to represent Cozcaquauhtli, the thirteenth day of the month in the
391:
355:
despite the two being similar in appearance and behavior as a result of
4142:
3578:
3363:
2777:
2620:
2594:
2243:
2218:
1583:
1173:
852:
380:
336:
328:
111:
86:
449:
are not very closely related, they share many resemblances because of
4155:
3993:
3375:
3114:
Phylogeny and Classification of Birds: A Study in Molecular Evolution
2735:
University of Michigan Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 8 October 2009
1112:
758:
520:
429:
340:
250:
165:
4019:
3036:
University of Michigan Animal Diversity Web Retrieved 5 October 2009
2769:
1373:
871:
It is clear that the Cathartidae had a much higher diversity in the
4129:
928:("Miocene vulture") Late Miocene – Late Pliocene of S North America
2976:
Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan
1285:
1206:
1189:
1152:
1093:
1017:
857:
784:
504:
492:
390:
352:
347:. They are known as "New World" vultures to distinguish them from
332:
3194:(Arredondo, 1971) from the Quaternary of Cuba (Aves: Vulturidae)"
3172:
936:("Peruvian vulture") Pisco Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of SC Peru
4116:
4001:
buzzards, eagles, harriers, hawks, kites, and Old World vultures
3671:
3387:
3190:"New fossil material with a redescription of the extinct condor
2989:"A new raptorial bird from the Middle Eocene of Messel, Germany"
2974:
Ligon, J. D. (1967). "Relationships of the cathartid vultures".
2754:
Fisher, Harvey I (1942). "The Pterylosis of the Andean Condor".
1044:
185:
4023:
3936:
3901:
3572:
3400:
3336:
2905:
Johnson, J.A.; Brown, J.W.; Fuchs, J.; Mindell, D.P. (2016).
1975:"Evolutionary Patterns in Late Quaternary California Condors"
917:("American dwarf vulture") Middle Miocene of SW North America
2891:
A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America.
2189:"Gut check: how vultures dine on rotting flesh, and like it"
966:("long-legged vulture") Late Pleistocene of SW North America
958:("South American vulture") Late Pliocene of SE North America
519:
to Accipitriformes, a group consisting of Accipitridae, the
3332:
3248:
Tozzer, Alfred Marston & Allen, Glover Morrill (1910).
2939:
Kemp, Alan, and Ian Newton (2003): New World Vultures. In
950:
Cathartidae gen. et sp. indet. Middle Pliocene of Argentina
3129:
Raptors of North America: Natural History and Conservation
1421:
1419:
1341:"Nouvelle classification des oiseaux de proie ou rapaces"
1168:
All living species of New World vultures and condors are
901:
Cathartidae gen. et sp. indet. Late Oligocene of Mongolia
3235:
The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds
1184:, a gas produced by the bodies of decaying animals. The
445:, Greek for "purifier". Although New World vultures and
441:. The family's scientific name, Cathartidae, comes from
3300:
Birds of North America: A Guide to Field Identification
2063:
2061:
3070:
A classification of the bird species of South America
1906:
Proceedings of the Colorado Museum of Natural History
1627:
1625:
1284:. The king vulture is commonly represented, with its
2264:
2262:
1365:
History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names
1022:
The featherless head of the American black vulture,
351:, with which the Cathartidae does not form a single
4032:
3974:
3864:
3839:
3814:
3789:
3764:
3669:
3644:
3619:
3594:
3535:
3510:
3485:
3460:
3415:
3201:
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
3096:
Distribution and Taxonomy of the Birds of the World
2355:
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
2077:
2075:
2073:
1973:Steverson, Valerie J.; Prothero, Donald R. (2010).
2530:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697636A181151405.en
2490:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697641A181325230.en
2030:
2028:
2018:
2016:
1785:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22697641a181325230.en
1731:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22697636a181151405.en
1689:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22697630a163511443.en
1137:. Like most birds, the parents feed the young by
2659:"An early condor-like vulture from North America"
2279:"San Diego Zoo's Animal Bytes: California Condor"
1835:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697645a93627003.en
3217:(Aves: Accipitridae) from the Quaternary of Cuba
3213:The identity of the fossil raptor of the genus
3126:Snyder, Noel F. R. & Snyder, Helen (2006).
3039:Phillips, Steven J, Comus, Patricia Wentworth (
2828:. Washington D.C: National Geographic Society.
2394:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2342:Alvarenga, H. M F. & S. L. Olson. (2004). "
1026:, reduces bacterial growth from eating carrion.
747:, of which approximately 93 mature individuals
473:), while the second consists of king vultures (
276: Summer-only range of turkey vulture
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
1201:Tolerance to bacterial toxins in decaying meat
1009:Late Pleistocene – Holocene of W North America
3948:
3348:
3076:Ryser Fred A. & A. Ryser, Fred Jr. 1985:
1982:PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology
1899:"Fossil Birds from the Oligocene of Colorado"
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1078:New World vultures have the unusual habit of
282: At least one species present year-round
8:
2889:Howell, Steve N.G., and Sophie Webb (1995).
2458:2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)
3321:New World Vulture videos, photos and sounds
3078:Birds of the Great Basin: A Natural History
1993:
1991:
1845:}}: old-form url, |date= / |doi= mismatch (
1082:, or defecating on their legs to cool them
637:Throughout the Americas to southern Canada
395:A pervious nostril is typical of the family
4020:
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3941:
3933:
3898:
3591:
3569:
3412:
3397:
3355:
3341:
3333:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1180:locates carrion by detecting the scent of
537:
259:
122:
31:
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2712:
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2423:
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1883:
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1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1833:
1783:
1729:
1687:
1591:
998:Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene of Brazil
531:members of the recently recognized clade
2958:Krabbe, Niels & Fjeldså, Jon. 1990:
2329:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Zoology
2107:
2105:
540:
3252:. Harvard University Plates 17 & 18
3045:A natural history of the Sonoran Desert
2051:
2049:
1328:
556:
461:species (lesser yellow-headed vultures
3064:. University of Wisconsin. p. 198
2548:The Chambers Dictionary, ninth edition
2219:"The microbiome of New World vultures"
1754:
1752:
974:Late Pleistocene of Argentina and Peru
909:Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of Brazil
829:Southern Mexico to northern Argentina
2911:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
4310:Taxa named by Frédéric de Lafresnaye
2583:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
2131:"Andean Condor | The Peregrine Fund"
1172:. Their diet consists primarily of
370:, having evolved to feed off of the
2516:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2476:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2331:. Oxford: Oxford University Press
1825:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1775:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1721:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1679:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1272:The American black vulture and the
1240:have been found in the vulture gut
1001:Cathartidae gen. et sp. indet. Cuba
3250:Animal Figures in the Maya Codices
2893:New York: Oxford University Press
2382:Check-list of North American Birds
2372:Check-list of North American Birds
666:South America and north to Mexico
25:
3188:Suárez, W.; Emslie, S.D. (2003).
3073:. American Ornithologists' Union.
2945:The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds
2740:The Origin and Evolution of Birds
269:Approximate Cathartidae range map
2187:Will Dunham (26 November 2014).
1659:10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.03971.x
822:
777:
734:
692:
659:
630:
591:
142:
4290:Extant Eocene first appearances
3323:on the Internet Bird Collection
3047:University of California Press
2787:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2505:BirdLife International (2020).
2465:BirdLife International (2020).
2455:BirdLife International (2004).
1197:vultures and other scavengers.
3266:Zeitschrift für Naturforschung
3080:. University of Nevada Press.
2378:American Ornithologists' Union
2368:American Ornithologists' Union
2268:BirdLife International (2009a)
598:South America and north to US
1:
4305:Eocene birds of South America
4300:Eocene birds of North America
4285:Birds of prey of the Americas
3447:Greater yellow-headed vulture
3058:Reed, Chester Albert (1914):
2298:BirdLife International (2001)
1803:}}: |date= / |doi= mismatch (
1758:BirdLife International (2020)
1741:}}: |date= / |doi= mismatch (
1699:}}: |date= / |doi= mismatch (
1024:Coragyps atratus brasiliensis
683:Greater yellow-headed vulture
3437:Lesser yellow-headed vulture
3221:Caribbean Journal of Science
3094:and Burt L. Monroe (1990)
3041:Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum
650:Lesser yellow-headed vulture
3237:. Reprint of 1980 edition.
3116:. Yale University Press.
3098:. Yale University Press.
2924:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.08.025
2826:Complete Birds Of The World
2729:Farmer A, Francl, K (2008)
2651:Assembling the tree of life
1313:Thunderbird (cryptozoology)
1075:lack eyelashes altogether.
846:Extinct species and fossils
327:consisting of seven extant
4326:
2738:Feduccia, J. Alan. (1999)
2545:Brookes, Ian, ed. (2006).
1425:Sibley and Ahlquist (1991)
990:Late Pleistocene of Brazil
702:of tropical South America
554:Common and binomial names
457:) together with the three
335:. It includes five extant
3908:
3897:
3590:
3568:
3411:
3396:
3370:
3018:10.1080/08912960600640762
2657:Emslie, Steven D (1988).
2570:Oxford University Press.
2523:: e.T22697636A181151405.
2483:: e.T22697641A181325230.
2327:Allaby, Michael (1992).
2155:"Gymnogyps californianus"
1252:The California condor is
801:
756:
713:
609:
570:
467:vultures (C. melambrotus)
465:, greater yellow-headed
366:, New World vultures are
294:
287:
267:
258:
223:
218:
139:Scientific classification
137:
130:
121:
34:
3327:New World Vulture photos
3279:10.1515/znc-1995-11-1220
3231:National Audubon Society
3211:Suarez, William (2004) "
3147:Rourke Publishing Group
3108:Sibley, Charles G., and
2022:Ryser & Ryser (1985)
1954:Alvarenga et al. (2008).
1647:Journal of Avian Biology
1362:Bock, Walter J. (1994).
1098:Andean condor skeleton (
1090:Distribution and habitat
387:Taxonomy and systematics
3880:Trigonoceps occipitalis
3526:Gymnogyps californianus
3298:; Bruun, Bertel (2001)
2960:Birds of the High Andes
2867:10.1126/science.1157704
2551:. Edinburgh: Chambers.
2509:Gymnogyps californianus
2451:10.1073/pnas.92.7.3076b
2445:(7); 3076 (1995).
2415:10.1073/pnas.91.11.5173
1576:10.1126/science.1253451
1470:Fain & Houde (2004)
1337:de Lafresnaye, Frédéric
1276:appear in a variety of
1248:Status and conservation
1237:Clostridium perfringens
1162:American black vultures
1047:. The nasal passage is
982:Late Quaternary of Cuba
729:Gymnogyps californianus
479:Gymnogyps californianus
477:), California condors (
469:, and turkey vultures (
3741:Slender-billed vulture
3294:Zim, Herbert Spencer;
3143:Stone, Lynn M. (1992)
2742:Yale University Press
2705:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523
2067:Howell and Webb (1995)
2055:Kemp and Newton (2003)
1165:
1103:
1027:
868:
862:Fossil of the extinct
481:) and Andean condors (
401:Frédéric de Lafresnaye
396:
4229:Paleobiology Database
3918:Indian vulture crisis
3805:Neophron percnopterus
3660:Gypohierax angolensis
3451:Cathartes melambrotus
3441:Cathartes burrovianus
2809:10.1093/molbev/msl158
2678:10.1093/auk/105.3.529
2634:10.1093/auk/100.2.390
2388:Avise, J. C. (1994).
2223:Nature Communications
1413:Johnson "et al." 2013
1254:critically endangered
1156:
1097:
1021:
861:
751:Critically endangered
687:Cathartes melambrotus
654:Cathartes burrovianus
394:
3876:White-headed vulture
3851:Lappet-faced vulture
3780:Necrosyrtes monachus
3701:White-backed vulture
3681:White-rumped vulture
3329:on beautyofbirds.com
3296:Robbins, Chandler S.
3229:Terres, J. K. &
2824:Harris, Tim (2009).
2649:pp. 468–489 in
2568:The Timetree of Life
1897:Wetmore, A. (1927).
1164:feeding on a carcass
1124:Behavior and ecology
1117:tropical rainforests
566:Conservation status
563:Population estimate
451:convergent evolution
357:convergent evolution
311:, known commonly as
3855:Torgos tracheliotos
3302:Golden Publishing.
2941:Christopher Perrins
2859:2008Sci...320.1763H
2406:1994PNAS...91.5173A
2235:2014NatCo...5.5498R
1818:IUCN (2016-10-01).
1768:IUCN (2020-08-10).
1714:IUCN (2020-08-28).
1672:IUCN (2019-12-03).
1568:2014Sci...346.1320J
1562:(6215): 1320–1331.
1100:Museum of Osteology
1051:, not divided by a
672:mature individuals
4270:New World vultures
4008:New World vultures
3826:Red-headed vulture
3583:Old World vultures
3404:New World vultures
3272:(11–12): 868–882.
3226:: (1) 120 125
3132:. Voyageur Press.
3092:Sibley, Charles G.
3034:Family Cathartidae
2996:Historical Biology
2947:. Firefly Books.
2595:10.1007/BF02326755
2349:2012-02-27 at the
2244:10.1038/ncomms6498
1303:Old World vultures
1166:
1104:
1028:
869:
789:Maximum estimate:
527:. Both groups are
447:Old World vultures
397:
349:Old World vultures
313:New World vultures
35:New World vultures
4257:
4256:
4216:Open Tree of Life
4026:Taxon identifiers
4017:
4016:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3745:Gyps tenuirostris
3711:Rüppell's vulture
3695:Gyps himalayensis
3691:Himalayan vulture
3635:Gypaetus barbatus
3610:Aegypius monachus
3606:Cinereous vulture
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3522:California condor
3501:Sarcoramphus papa
3192:Gymnogyps varonai
2853:(5884): 1763–68.
2835:978-1-4262-0403-6
2589:(10): 1138–1139.
2558:978-0-550-10185-3
2400:(11): 5173–5177.
2195:. Thomson Reuters
2135:peregrinefund.org
1945:Alvarenga (2004).
979:Gymnogyps varonai
843:
842:
817:Sarcoramphus papa
725:California condor
670:500,000-4,999,999
475:Sarcoramphus papa
433:. Of these, only
306:
305:
300:
214:
16:(Redirected from
4317:
4250:
4249:
4237:
4236:
4224:
4223:
4211:
4210:
4198:
4197:
4195:NBNSYS0000163994
4185:
4184:
4172:
4171:
4159:
4158:
4146:
4145:
4133:
4132:
4120:
4119:
4107:
4106:
4094:
4093:
4081:
4080:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4021:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3934:
3899:
3830:Sarcogyps calvus
3801:Egyptian vulture
3685:Gyps bengalensis
3656:Palm-nut vulture
3592:
3570:
3476:Coragyps atratus
3413:
3398:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3334:
3291:
3281:
3256:Wink, M (1995).
3208:
3198:
3184:
3029:
3011:
2993:
2987:Mayr, G (2006).
2983:
2936:
2926:
2886:
2839:
2820:
2802:
2781:
2726:
2716:
2681:
2663:
2645:
2614:
2562:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2532:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2492:
2437:
2427:
2417:
2315:
2312:
2299:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2246:
2214:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2068:
2065:
2056:
2053:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2023:
2020:
2011:
2008:
2002:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1914:
1913:
1903:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1839:
1837:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1797:
1787:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1747:
1746:
1735:
1733:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1693:
1691:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1642:
1636:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1604:. Archived from
1595:
1553:
1541:
1528:
1521:
1515:
1508:
1502:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1461:Griffiths (1994)
1459:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1345:Revue Zoologique
1333:
1141:. The young are
1006:Gymnogyps amplus
873:Plio-Pleistocene
826:
809:
781:
764:
738:
721:
696:
663:
634:
617:
595:
586:Coragyps atratus
578:
538:
503:with storks and
495:on the basis of
463:(C. burrovianus)
455:Coragyps atratus
298:
281:
275:
263:
209:
147:
146:
126:
116:
53:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4245:
4240:
4232:
4227:
4219:
4214:
4206:
4201:
4193:
4188:
4180:
4175:
4167:
4162:
4154:
4149:
4141:
4136:
4128:
4123:
4115:
4110:
4102:
4097:
4089:
4084:
4076:
4071:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4028:
4018:
4013:
3985:Sagittariidae (
3970:
3968:Accipitriformes
3961:
3931:
3922:
3904:
3885:
3860:
3835:
3810:
3785:
3760:
3755:Gyps coprothere
3721:Griffon vulture
3715:Gyps rueppellii
3665:
3640:
3631:Bearded vulture
3615:
3586:
3556:
3531:
3506:
3481:
3456:
3407:
3392:
3366:
3361:
3317:
3312:
3255:
3196:
3187:
3158:
3110:Jon E. Ahlquist
3009:10.1.1.493.8590
2991:
2986:
2973:
2962:. Apollo Press
2904:
2843:
2836:
2823:
2800:10.1.1.106.1680
2784:
2770:10.2307/1364195
2753:
2692:Biology Letters
2684:
2661:
2656:
2617:
2580:
2559:
2544:
2535:
2533:
2504:
2495:
2493:
2464:
2387:
2351:Wayback Machine
2323:
2318:
2313:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2284:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2260:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2163:
2161:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2139:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2071:
2066:
2059:
2054:
2047:
2043:Feduccia (1999)
2042:
2038:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2009:
2005:
1996:
1989:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1917:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1840:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1798:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1736:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1694:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1630:
1623:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1551:
1543:
1542:
1531:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1505:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1404:Phillips (2000)
1403:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1308:Teratornithidae
1299:
1280:hieroglyphs in
1270:
1250:
1203:
1182:ethyl mercaptan
1151:
1131:
1126:
1092:
1016:
865:Breagyps clarki
848:
819:
815:
807:
774:
770:
762:
731:
727:
719:
689:
685:
656:
652:
627:
623:
615:
588:
584:
576:
546:Extant species
513:Accipitriformes
389:
339:and two extant
283:
279:
277:
273:
271:
248:
242:
236:
230:
208:
141:
117:
115:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
48:
47:
36:
28:
27:Family of birds
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4323:
4321:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4262:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4238:
4225:
4212:
4199:
4186:
4173:
4160:
4147:
4134:
4121:
4108:
4095:
4082:
4069:
4054:
4038:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4004:
3999:Accipitridae (
3997:
3990:
3982:
3980:
3972:
3971:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3937:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:Related topics
3902:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3872:
3870:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3847:
3845:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3822:
3820:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3797:
3795:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3776:Hooded vulture
3772:
3770:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3748:
3738:
3731:Indian vulture
3728:
3718:
3708:
3705:Gyps africanus
3698:
3688:
3677:
3675:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3652:
3650:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3627:
3625:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3602:
3600:
3588:
3587:
3573:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3551:Vultur gryphus
3543:
3541:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3518:
3516:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3493:
3491:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3468:
3466:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3444:
3434:
3431:Cathartes aura
3427:Turkey vulture
3423:
3421:
3409:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3324:
3316:
3315:External links
3313:
3311:
3310:
3292:
3253:
3246:
3227:
3209:
3185:
3167:(1): 107–113.
3163:(in Spanish).
3156:
3141:
3124:
3106:
3089:
3074:
3065:
3056:
3037:
3030:
2984:
2971:
2956:
2937:
2902:
2887:
2841:
2834:
2821:
2793:(1): 269–280.
2782:
2751:
2736:
2732:Cathartes aura
2727:
2682:
2672:(3): 529–535.
2654:
2646:
2628:(2): 390–403.
2615:
2578:
2564:
2557:
2542:
2502:
2469:Vultur gryphus
2462:
2453:
2385:
2375:
2365:
2361:
2340:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2300:
2291:
2270:
2258:
2229:(5498): 5498.
2206:
2179:
2170:
2146:
2122:
2113:
2101:
2092:
2083:
2069:
2057:
2045:
2036:
2024:
2012:
2003:
1987:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1927:Stucchi (2005)
1915:
1889:
1861:
1852:
1828:. 2016-10-01.
1810:
1778:. 2020-08-10.
1760:
1748:
1724:. 2020-08-28.
1706:
1682:. 2019-12-03.
1664:
1653:(5): 587–602.
1637:
1621:
1529:
1516:
1503:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1434:de Boer (1975)
1427:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1395:Brookes (2006)
1388:
1379:
1354:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1298:
1295:
1291:Mayan calendar
1269:
1266:
1249:
1246:
1227:Fusobacteriota
1202:
1199:
1186:olfactory lobe
1150:
1147:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1091:
1088:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1002:
999:
991:
983:
975:
967:
959:
951:
948:
937:
929:
921:
918:
910:
902:
899:
885:
847:
844:
841:
840:
835:
833:10,000-100,000
830:
827:
820:
810:
799:
798:
793:
787:
782:
775:
772:Vultur gryphus
765:
763:Linnaeus, 1758
754:
753:
748:
742:
739:
732:
722:
711:
710:
705:
703:
697:
690:
679:
678:
673:
667:
664:
657:
646:
645:
640:
638:
635:
628:
625:Cathartes aura
621:Turkey vulture
618:
607:
606:
601:
599:
596:
589:
579:
577:Le Maout, 1853
568:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
548:
547:
483:Vultur gryphus
388:
385:
304:
303:
302:
301:
292:
291:
285:
284:
278:
272:
265:
264:
256:
255:
221:
220:
216:
215:
203:
199:
198:
196:Cathartiformes
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
135:
134:
132:Turkey vulture
128:
127:
119:
118:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
54:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4322:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4248:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4059:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4009:
4006:Cathartidae (
4005:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3992:Pandionidae (
3991:
3988:
3987:secretarybird
3984:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3946:
3944:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3900:
3896:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3552:
3548:
3547:Andean condor
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3477:
3473:
3472:Black vulture
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3402:Cathartidae (
3399:
3395:
3389:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3346:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3308:1-58238-090-2
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3243:0-517-03288-0
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3193:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3154:
3153:0-86593-193-3
3150:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3138:0-7603-2582-0
3135:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3123:
3122:0-300-04085-7
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3104:0-300-04969-2
3101:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3086:0-87417-080-X
3083:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3054:
3053:0-520-21980-5
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3002:(2): 95–102.
3001:
2997:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2969:
2968:87-88757-16-1
2965:
2961:
2957:
2955:. p. 146
2954:
2953:1-55297-777-3
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2903:
2901:, p. 174
2900:
2899:0-19-854012-4
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2748:0-226-05641-4
2745:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2576:0-19-953503-5
2573:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2543:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2510:
2503:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2360:(1) 1 9
2359:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2339:, p. 348
2338:
2337:0-19-286093-3
2334:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2314:Tozzer (1910)
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2180:
2177:Snyder (2006)
2174:
2171:
2160:
2159:www.fs.fed.us
2156:
2150:
2147:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2120:Farmer (2008)
2117:
2114:
2111:Harris (2009)
2108:
2106:
2102:
2099:Fisher (1942)
2096:
2093:
2090:Allaby (1992)
2087:
2084:
2081:Terres (1991)
2078:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2034:Krabbe (1990)
2031:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1966:
1963:Suarez (2004)
1960:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1936:Suárez (2003)
1933:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1887:Emslie (1988)
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1764:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1611:on 2015-02-24
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1546:
1545:Jarvis, E. D.
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1347:(in French).
1346:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1319:
1318:Birds of prey
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1282:Mayan codices
1279:
1275:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1262:IUCN Red List
1259:
1255:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1139:regurgitation
1136:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1084:evaporatively
1081:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1032:
1025:
1020:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1000:
997:
996:
995:Pleistovultur
992:
989:
988:
984:
981:
980:
976:
973:
972:
968:
965:
964:
960:
957:
956:
952:
949:
947:
943:
942:
938:
935:
934:
930:
927:
926:
922:
919:
916:
915:
911:
908:
907:
903:
900:
898:
894:
891:
890:
886:
883:
882:
878:
877:
876:
874:
867:
866:
860:
856:
854:
845:
839:
838:Least concern
836:
834:
831:
828:
825:
821:
818:
814:
811:
808:Duméril, 1805
806:
805:
800:
797:
794:
792:
788:
786:
783:
780:
776:
773:
769:
768:Andean condor
766:
761:
760:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
733:
730:
726:
723:
718:
717:
712:
709:
708:Least concern
706:
704:
701:
698:
695:
691:
688:
684:
681:
680:
677:
676:Least concern
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
658:
655:
651:
648:
647:
644:
643:Least concern
641:
639:
636:
633:
629:
626:
622:
619:
616:Illiger, 1811
614:
613:
608:
605:
604:Least concern
602:
600:
597:
594:
590:
587:
583:
582:Black vulture
580:
575:
574:
569:
565:
562:
559:
553:
550:
549:
545:
544:
539:
536:
534:
530:
526:
525:secretarybird
522:
518:
514:
508:
506:
502:
501:Ciconiiformes
498:
494:
490:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:
426:
425:
420:
419:
414:
413:
408:
407:
402:
393:
386:
384:
382:
378:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
343:found in the
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:birds of prey
322:
318:
314:
310:
299:Illiger, 1811
296:
295:
293:
290:
286:
270:
266:
262:
257:
254:
253:
252:
247:
246:
241:
240:
235:
234:
229:
228:
222:
217:
212:
207:
204:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
145:
140:
136:
133:
129:
125:
120:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
45:
41:
33:
30:
19:
4295:Eocene birds
4033:
4007:
3975:
3879:
3865:
3854:
3840:
3829:
3815:
3804:
3790:
3779:
3765:
3754:
3751:Cape vulture
3744:
3735:Gyps indicus
3734:
3724:
3714:
3704:
3694:
3684:
3670:
3659:
3645:
3634:
3620:
3609:
3595:
3550:
3536:
3525:
3511:
3500:
3497:King vulture
3488:Sarcoramphus
3486:
3475:
3461:
3450:
3440:
3430:
3416:
3403:
3299:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3249:
3234:
3223:
3220:
3214:
3204:
3200:
3191:
3173:10.1650/7475
3164:
3160:
3144:
3128:
3113:
3095:
3077:
3068:
3059:
3044:
2999:
2995:
2979:
2975:
2959:
2944:
2914:
2910:
2890:
2850:
2846:
2825:
2790:
2786:
2764:(1): 30–32.
2761:
2755:
2739:
2730:
2699:(4): 543–7.
2696:
2690:
2669:
2665:
2650:
2625:
2619:
2586:
2582:
2567:
2547:
2534:. Retrieved
2520:
2514:
2508:
2494:. Retrieved
2480:
2474:
2468:
2457:
2442:
2439:
2397:
2393:
2357:
2354:
2328:
2294:
2283:. Retrieved
2273:
2226:
2222:
2197:. Retrieved
2192:
2182:
2173:
2162:. Retrieved
2158:
2149:
2138:. Retrieved
2134:
2125:
2116:
2095:
2086:
2039:
2006:
1998:
1981:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1909:
1905:
1892:
1855:
1823:
1813:
1773:
1763:
1719:
1709:
1677:
1667:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1632:
1613:. Retrieved
1606:the original
1559:
1555:
1524:
1519:
1511:
1506:
1498:
1493:
1488:Brown (2009)
1484:
1479:Avise (1994)
1475:
1466:
1457:
1452:König (1982)
1448:
1443:Ligon (1967)
1439:
1430:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1386:Myers (2008)
1382:
1364:
1357:
1348:
1344:
1331:
1274:king vulture
1271:
1251:
1235:
1231:DNA sequence
1204:
1194:
1177:
1167:
1158:King vulture
1132:
1105:
1077:
1073:Sarcoramphus
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1004:
993:
985:
977:
969:
961:
953:
945:
939:
931:
923:
912:
904:
887:
881:Diatropornis
879:
870:
863:
849:
832:
816:
813:King vulture
804:Sarcoramphus
802:
790:
771:
757:
744:
728:
720:Lesson, 1842
714:
700:Amazon Basin
686:
669:
653:
624:
610:
585:
571:
541:
517:sister group
509:
487:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
442:
434:
428:
424:Sarcoramphus
422:
416:
410:
404:
398:
379:, devoid of
361:
316:
312:
308:
307:
268:
249:
245:Sarcoramphus
243:
237:
231:
225:
224:
205:
49:64.5–0
29:
4275:Cathartidae
4151:iNaturalist
4078:Cathartidae
4064:Cathartidae
4058:Wikispecies
4034:Cathartidae
3867:Trigonoceps
3767:Necrosyrtes
3725:Gyps fulvus
3207:(1): 29–37.
3088:p. 211
2917:: 193–199.
2750:p. 300
2563:p. 238
2536:12 November
2496:12 November
2199:27 November
2010:Reed (1914)
1859:Mayr (2006)
1584:10072/67425
1351:: 193–196 .
1080:urohidrosis
1014:Description
906:Brasilogyps
543:Cathartidae
362:Like other
309:Cathartidae
297:Vulturidae
206:Cathartidae
18:Cathartidae
4264:Categories
3913:Diclofenac
3647:Gypohierax
3575:Aegypiinae
3215:Amplibuteo
3161:The Condor
3155:p. 14
3140:p. 40
2970:p. 88
2840:p. 72
2321:References
2285:2009-12-29
2164:2020-09-29
2140:2020-09-29
1912:(2): 1–14.
1615:2015-08-28
1268:In culture
1258:vulnerable
1242:metagenome
1223:Clostridia
1211:microbiome
1170:scavengers
971:Geronogyps
955:Aizenogyps
893:Chadronian
889:Phasmagyps
796:Vulnerable
368:scavengers
211:Lafresnaye
3817:Sarcogyps
3513:Gymnogyps
3418:Cathartes
3374:Kingdom:
3043:) (2000)
3004:CiteSeerX
2795:CiteSeerX
2438:Erratum,
1843:cite iucn
1801:cite iucn
1794:241274385
1739:cite iucn
1697:cite iucn
1497:Cracraft
1219:anaerobic
1195:Cathartes
1178:Cathartes
1143:altricial
1065:Gymnogyps
1061:Cathartes
1049:perforate
987:Wingegyps
914:Hadrogyps
716:Gymnogyps
612:Cathartes
497:karyotype
489:New World
459:Cathartes
443:cathartes
439:monotypic
435:Cathartes
418:Gymnogyps
412:Cathartes
372:carcasses
239:Gymnogyps
227:Cathartes
162:Kingdom:
156:Eukaryota
40:Paleocene
4280:Vultures
4043:Wikidata
3792:Neophron
3622:Gypaetus
3597:Aegypius
3463:Coragyps
3382:Chordata
3380:Phylum:
3376:Animalia
3364:Vultures
3233:(1991).
3181:85805971
3145:Vultures
3112:(1991)
3026:34895565
2933:27601346
2875:18583609
2817:17062634
2723:17148284
2642:55910440
2611:38685825
2364:613–618.
2347:Archived
2253:25423494
1631:Hackett
1602:25504713
1523:Ericson
1374:2246/830
1339:(1839).
1297:See also
1129:Breeding
1109:migrates
1057:Coragyps
963:Breagyps
941:Dryornis
933:Perugyps
925:Pliogyps
897:Colorado
573:Coragyps
533:Afroaves
471:C. aura)
406:Coragyps
381:feathers
364:vultures
345:Americas
337:vultures
331:in five
319:, are a
289:Synonyms
233:Coragyps
202:Family:
176:Chordata
172:Phylum:
166:Animalia
152:Domain:
44:Holocene
4143:3242141
4117:2922049
4049:Q184858
3579:Gypinae
3386:Class:
3288:8561830
2982:: 1–26.
2943:, ed.,
2883:6472805
2855:Bibcode
2847:Science
2778:1364195
2714:1834003
2666:The Auk
2603:1204722
2434:8197203
2402:Bibcode
2380:(2010)
2370:(2009)
2231:Bibcode
2193:Reuters
1593:4405904
1564:Bibcode
1556:Science
1215:diverse
1188:of the
1174:carrion
1149:Feeding
1113:deserts
853:Neogene
437:is not
341:condors
329:species
317:condors
219:Genera
192:Order:
182:Class:
4247:570729
4221:363021
4182:175263
4169:104237
4130:1KTHSF
3994:osprey
3977:Family
3842:Torgos
3538:Vultur
3306:
3286:
3241:
3179:
3151:
3136:
3120:
3102:
3084:
3051:
3024:
3006:
2966:
2951:
2931:
2897:
2881:
2873:
2832:
2815:
2797:
2776:
2757:Condor
2746:
2721:
2711:
2640:
2609:
2601:
2574:
2555:
2432:
2422:
2335:
2251:
2001:(2001)
1999:et al.
1792:
1635:(2008)
1633:et al.
1600:
1590:
1527:(2006)
1525:et al.
1514:(2007)
1512:et al.
1501:(2004)
1499:et al.
1207:toxins
1190:brains
1071:, and
1069:Vultur
1053:septum
1037:syrinx
946:Vultur
791:10,000
759:Vultur
560:Range
557:Image
551:Genus
521:osprey
505:herons
493:storks
430:Vultur
427:, and
333:genera
321:family
280:
274:
251:Vultur
213:, 1839
4242:WoRMS
4234:99060
4164:IRMNG
4156:71306
3964:Order
3262:gene"
3245:p 957
3197:(PDF)
3177:S2CID
3055:p,377
3022:S2CID
2992:(PDF)
2879:S2CID
2774:JSTOR
2662:(PDF)
2638:S2CID
2607:S2CID
2425:43954
1978:(PDF)
1902:(PDF)
1790:S2CID
1609:(PDF)
1552:(PDF)
1510:Gibb
1324:Notes
1286:glyph
785:Andes
529:basal
353:clade
4208:8922
4203:NCBI
4177:ITIS
4138:GBIF
4125:EPPO
4091:1419
4086:BOLD
3672:Gyps
3577:and
3388:Aves
3304:ISBN
3284:PMID
3239:ISBN
3149:ISBN
3134:ISBN
3118:ISBN
3100:ISBN
3082:ISBN
3049:ISBN
2964:ISBN
2949:ISBN
2929:PMID
2895:ISBN
2871:PMID
2830:ISBN
2813:PMID
2744:ISBN
2719:PMID
2599:PMID
2572:ISBN
2553:ISBN
2538:2021
2521:2020
2498:2021
2481:2020
2440:PNAS
2430:PMID
2333:ISBN
2249:PMID
2201:2014
1997:Zim
1847:help
1805:help
1743:help
1701:help
1598:PMID
1278:Maya
1225:and
1160:and
1135:down
1059:and
1045:cere
523:and
377:head
186:Aves
57:PreꞒ
4190:NBN
4112:EoL
4104:7SX
4099:CoL
4073:ADW
3274:doi
3205:116
3169:doi
3165:107
3014:doi
2980:651
2919:doi
2915:105
2863:doi
2851:320
2805:doi
2766:doi
2709:PMC
2701:doi
2674:doi
2670:105
2630:doi
2626:100
2621:Auk
2591:doi
2525:doi
2485:doi
2447:doi
2420:PMC
2410:doi
2358:117
2239:doi
1830:doi
1780:doi
1726:doi
1684:doi
1655:doi
1588:PMC
1580:hdl
1572:doi
1560:346
1370:hdl
1115:to
895:of
745:201
485:).
323:of
315:or
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67:O
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