886:
1341:
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84:
43:
186:
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in 1988, that is, on-reservation gambling casinos, which have since become a US$ 14 billion industry nationwide. This has been imitated in many of the respective states that still have indigenous
American tribes. The money that this generates has engendered some political scandal. For example,
1983:
Mainstream
Americans often find pride and comfort in realizing that at least part of their ethnic ancestry is Native American, although the connection is usually only sentimental and not economic or cultural. Thus, there is some political power in one's ability to claim a Native American connection
1944:
by units of the United States Army in the nineteenth century, and were also subject to forced schooling in the decades afterward. Thus, it is uncommon for today's tribes to have a purely Native
American cultural background, and today Native Americans are in many ways simply another ethnicity of the
1089:(an essentially genealogical notion). The descriptive "tribal" requires an ethno-cultural identity (racial, linguistic, religious etc.) as well as some political (representative, legislative, executive and/or judicial) expression. In certain situations, and especially in a
1849:. As well, there may be traditional hereditary or charismatic chiefs, who are usually not part of the Indian Act-sanctioned formal government. There were 614 bands in Canada in 2012. There is also a national organization, the
1703:
of Ghana are constitutionally protected by the republican constitution of the country. The chiefs serve as custodians of all traditional lands and the cultures of the traditional areas. They also serve as members of the
Ghanaian
1752:
are politically recognized in South Africa because they derive their status, not only from tribal custom, but also from the
Traditional Leadership Clause of the country's current constitution. Some of them are members of the
1845:(formerly called "Indians"). Most bands have elected chiefs, either directly elected by all members of the band, or indirectly by the band council, these chiefs are recognized by the Canadian state under the terms of the
1963:
Historically, the U.S. government treated tribes as seats of political power, and made treaties with the tribes as legal entities. Be that as it may, the territory of these tribes fell under the authority of the
1912:
A chief might be considered to hold all political power, say by oratory or by example. But on the North
American continent, it was historically possible to evade the political power of another by migration. The
2505:
490:
2510:
2185:
2056:, nomadic Bedouins and many Iraqis and Syrians, are largely organized in tribes, many of whom have official representatives in governments. Tribal chiefs are known as
849:
1733:
507:
1956:
was a well-known chief of the
Cherokee Nation. Also, the chief may not free to wield power without the consent of a council of elders of some kind. For example:
1972:
were granted U.S. citizenship, and it was not until 1948 that the
Puebloans were granted the right to vote in state elections in New Mexico. In Wisconsin, the
1769:. However, following constitutional reforms in 1993, a number of them were restored as politically neutral constituencies of the state by the government of
2072:
tribes people living in
Banuang Daan and Cabugao settlements in Coron Island, Palawan, Philippines. His position is recognized by the Filipino government.
777:
2294:
1074:
in "parliamentary" cultures, the war chief (may be an alternative or additional post in war time), the hereditary chief, and the politically dominant
495:
207:
194:
1949:, a Navajo, left their jobs in the mainstream U.S. economy to become chairpeople of their tribal councils or similar self-government institutions.
1807:
is used pejoratively to refer to those who hold the power through obscure networks of influence even though this type of fraud is not related to
797:
2084:
have a Local Court Act which empowers chiefs to deal with crimes in their communities, thus assuring them of considerable effective authority.
1968:
as reservations held in trust for the tribes. Citizenship was formerly considered a tribal matter. For example, it was not until 1924 that the
1803:. This concept was most widespread in Latin America in its different periods of history. In Spain and some Latin American countries, the word
2098:
1754:
538:
842:
2374:
2026:
renovated their Inn of the
Mountain Gods to include gambling as well as the previous tourism, lodging, and skiing in the older Inn.
1732:
and are therefore legally recognized. The traditional rulers and select chiefs usually serve as members of each federating state's
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distinguishes two stages of tribal societies: simple societies organized by limited instances of social rank and prestige, and more
771:
232:
167:
70:
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2500:
1946:
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is a distorted form of government through which a political leader has total control of a rural society expressed as political
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existing within larger colonial and post-colonial states, tribal chiefs may represent their tribe or ethnicity in a form of
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tribe, which fled their ancestral lands in New Mexico during the Pueblo revolt of 1680, and who then settled on land in
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343:
1977:
1717:
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The pre-colonial states that existed in what is today Uganda were summarily abolished following independence from
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2012:
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2002:
Because the Nations were sovereign, with treaty rights and obligations, the Wisconsin tribes innovated
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In some instances tribes have retained or regained partial self-government and their lifestyles, with
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of the various tribes are legally empowered to serve as advisers to the government as members of the
618:
593:
348:
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2060:, though this term is also sometimes applied as an honorific title to spiritual leaders of Sufism.
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1691:, meetings of all of the members of the tribes, where political and social matters are discussed.
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1853:, which elects a "national chief" to act as spokesperson of all First Nations bands in Canada.
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Classical sources of information about tribal societies are external descriptions such as from
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955:). Stratified tribal societies led by tribal kings are thought to have flourished from the
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1953:
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141:
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Maga'lÄhi and maga'hÄga, the first-borne male and female, respectively, joint heads of a
1209:, which identified societies, surrounding the societies of the ethnographers, as tribal.
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2212:
2008:
1985:
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431:
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2016:
1969:
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1980:
with special car license plates; 87% of the county's population is Native American.
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372:
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1960:
men were not permitted to go to war without the consent of the council of women.
1941:
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having been fought for and some being secured on state or international levels.
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1005:
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927:
Tribal societies are sometimes categorized as an intermediate stage between the
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890:
653:
648:
83:
920:
is a broadly applied concept, based on tribal concepts of societies of western
2252:. Original from Harvard University: Published 1889 D. Appleton. 1889. p.
2128:
1945:
secular American people. Because formal education is now respected, some like
1846:
1749:
1687:. In addition to this, they also serve as the ex officio chairs of the tribal
1631:
Pilung, a title for village, municipal and paramount chiefs and rulers of the
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1086:
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17:
1973:
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402:
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185:
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Many of the tribes use professional management for their money. Thus, the
2347:
2030:
2029:
The Navajo nation defeated bids to open casinos in 1994, but by 2004 the
1957:
1926:
1918:
1881:
1661:
Modern states or regions providing an organized form of tribal chiefships
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1533:
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309:
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1888:, where trees were rare, some tribes typically dwelt in skin-covered
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1914:
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The term is usually distinct from chiefs at lower levels, such as
917:
902:
884:
875:
382:
300:
2295:"Okudzeto, 13 others appointed by Akufo-Addo to Council of State"
2015:, has paid for a low probable return to the tribe because of the
1101:
of such tribal, clan or village chiefs would be referred to as a
1066:
The most common types are the chairman of a council (usually of "
2273:
A Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon, Or, Trade Language of Oregon
1889:
1653:
1647:
1570:
and Aliʻi nui were the chiefs and high chiefs of the islands of
1513:
2172:
has exhibits with artifacts, dress, tools, and pottery of the
1632:
1446:
1334:
1112:
999:
179:
77:
36:
2068:
Apo Rodolfo Aguilar (Kudol I) serves as the chieftain of the
1884:
historically built dwellings from the bark of trees. On the
1872:
Generally, a tribe or nation is considered to be part of an
1823:, a recognized ethnic constituency of Bolivia, are led by a
1492:(Zulu, Ndebele and Xhosa peoples, South Africa and Zimbabwe)
1260:
Oubutu (among the Kalinago people of the southern Caribbean)
1904:
of the Southwest built their dwellings of stone and earth.
1827:
whose title is also recognized by the Bolivian government.
2381:. Aadnc-aandc.gc.ca (2010-09-15). Retrieved on 2013-07-28.
2214:
Primitive Social Organization: An Evolutionary Perspective
2419:"4.2 million dollars in political contributions in Texas"
1925:
during the 18th century. Two Haudenosaunee, or Iroquois,
1841:
The band is the fundamental unit of governance among the
1270:
in the Pacific Northwest of the present-day United States
1284:, later adopted by the Spanish to refer to all heads of
1263:
Rajiv (among the central Trinidadian people of Freeport)
1321:
nations of present-day New England in the United States
1486:
Mogho Naba (in the Ouagadougou region of Burkina Faso)
1420:
Ishe or She for male chiefs and Shekadzi for a woman (
939:
with centralized, super-regional government based in
1921:
who migrated further west to the sparsely populated
2372:
Frequently Asked Questions About Aboriginal Peoples
108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2211:
1728:, they derive their powers from various so-called
1896:by trade, while other Plains tribes, such as the
2186:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
30:"Chieftain" redirects here. For other uses, see
2466:List of Tribal Governments in the United States
2444:"Why is Roman Reigns Called the Tribal Chief?"
1868:Historical cultural differences between tribes
1734:State Council of Traditional Rulers and Chiefs
1483:(in the Hausaland region of Niger and Nigeria)
1093:context, the most powerful member of either a
2506:Titles and offices of Native American leaders
843:
8:
2392:"JS Online: Tribal casino dispute heats up"
1594:Meena means Chief of tribals in South Asia.
1369:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1147:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1034:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1699:The offices and traditional realms of the
850:
836:
778:Network Analysis and Ethnographic Problems
244:
2461:Death of Andamanese Tribal Chief in India
1389:Learn how and when to remove this message
1167:Learn how and when to remove this message
1054:Learn how and when to remove this message
233:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
1952:Not all tribal leaders are or were men.
1606:clan, through the maternal line, of the
210:of all important aspects of the article.
2511:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
2202:
1245:(mapudungun: longko, "head") among the
798:Political and Legal Anthropology Review
258:
1781:typify the Ugandan chieftaincy class.
1724:aren't mentioned in Nigeria's current
1543:people of Calabar in Southern Nigeria)
1254: â tribal Cacique (chief) of the
454:Societies without hierarchical leaders
206:Please consider expanding the lead to
27:Leader of a tribal society or chiefdom
2348:"Maga'hÄga: Highest Ranking Daughter"
1755:National House of Traditional Leaders
7:
2346:Marsh, Kelly G. (October 14, 2020).
2320:Marsh, Kelly G. (October 14, 2020).
1880:. For example, the forest-dwelling
1367:adding citations to reliable sources
1145:adding citations to reliable sources
1032:adding citations to reliable sources
913:There is no definition for "tribe".
106:adding citations to reliable sources
1900:, built their lodges of earth. The
978:In the case of tribal societies of
951:led by chieftains or tribal kings (
2101:"The Tribal Chief" as part of his
1230:Terms of specific tribal chiefdoms
25:
772:Political economy in anthropology
52:This article has multiple issues.
2322:"Maga'lÄhi: Highest Ranking Son"
2052:Arabs, in particular peninsular
1937:for the Iroquois Confederation.
1405:Badge of office of Chief Gambo,
1339:
1117:
1004:
184:
82:
41:
2093:American professional wrestler
1650:, Fijian Chief, Malay for Queen
1502:(also in Nigeria, with various
198:may be too short to adequately
93:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
2394:. Dec 31, 2005. Archived from
1553:Uyini (meaning 'lord') of the
1199:Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
634:Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges
208:provide an accessible overview
1:
2218:. Chicago, IL: Random House.
1477:of Botswana and South Africa)
1409:
963:, albeit in competition with
805:Journal of Legal Anthropology
473:The Art of Not Being Governed
1266:Tyee, a tribal chief of the
1085:(geographically defined) or
2249:The Popular Science Monthly
1978:Menominee County, Wisconsin
1876:, usually sharing cultural
1718:Nigerian traditional rulers
2527:
2421:. NBC News. Archived from
2417:Myers, Lisa (2005-04-20).
2276:. Cramoisy Press. p.
1995:
1908:Political power in a tribe
1860:
1834:
1675:In Botswana, the reigning
1656:, Malay and Filipino Chief
1562:Oceania and Southeast Asia
1317:, term of chiefdom of the
993:
811:Journal of Law and Society
531:Colonialism and resistance
32:Chieftain (disambiguation)
29:
2210:Service, Elman R (1976).
2188:(especially those of the
1992:Economic power in a tribe
1851:Assembly of First Nations
1550:people of Central Nigeria
1224:Indigenous peoples rights
1193:tribe who defeated three
485:Non-western state systems
461:African Political Systems
1966:Bureau of Indian Affairs
1892:, usually acquiring the
1706:National House of Chiefs
1276:, a term used among the
1998:Economy of the Iroquois
1863:Tribe (Native American)
1843:First Nations in Canada
1746:king of the Zulu Nation
1536:(Nandi people in Kenya)
1456:Gbong Gwom Jos (of the
1288:whom they encountered:
1207:Greco-Roman ethnography
996:Chiefdom § Concept
510:and the State in Africa
2501:Positions of authority
2270:Gibbs, George (1863).
2157:has an exhibit on the
1773:. Such figures as the
1416:
1202:
905:
752:Circumscription theory
539:Europe and the People
508:Technology, Tradition,
2013:El Paso County, Texas
1861:Further information:
1404:
1186:, a chieftain of the
1182:
888:
826:cultural anthropology
614:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
467:Papuan Big man system
2398:on December 31, 2005
1931:the Great Peacemaker
1917:, for example, were
1821:Afro-Bolivian people
1744:Such figures as the
1585:systems of northern
1363:improve this section
1141:improve this section
1070:") and/or a broader
1028:improve this section
949:stratified societies
619:Wolfgang Fikentscher
594:Henri J. M. Claessen
349:Pantribal sodalities
102:improve this article
2097:has been using the
1976:has its own county
1557:of Southern Nigeria
874:is the leader of a
762:Leftâright paradigm
2377:2013-09-22 at the
2301:. 14 February 2017
2088:In popular culture
1716:Although both the
1439:people of central
1417:
1325:Afro-Bolivian king
1203:
980:indigenous peoples
967:civilisations and
906:
757:Legal anthropology
659:Thomas Blom Hansen
589:Robert L. Carneiro
378:Segmentary lineage
315:Leveling mechanism
265:legal anthropology
2155:Chicago, Illinois
2140:Explanatory notes
1809:pre-Columbian era
1775:kabaka of Buganda
1399:
1398:
1391:
1306:Nicarao (cacique)
1282:Caribbean islands
1268:Chinookan peoples
1177:
1176:
1169:
1064:
1063:
1056:
971:beginning in the
943:. Anthropologist
860:
859:
584:Jeremy Boissevain
569:Georges Balandier
564:E. Adamson Hoebel
243:
242:
235:
225:
224:
178:
177:
170:
152:
75:
16:(Redirected from
2518:
2448:
2447:
2446:. 29 March 2022.
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2425:on March 5, 2016
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2403:
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2285:
2284:
2267:
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2260:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2217:
2207:
2167:
2148:
2024:Mescalero Apache
1628:), Lepen Palikir
1615:, in the Samoan
1520:of Sierra Leone)
1414:
1411:
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1383:
1380:
1374:
1343:
1335:
1172:
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1158:
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1113:
1072:popular assembly
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1052:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1008:
1000:
909:Tribal societies
893:tribal chief of
889:A portrait of a
852:
845:
838:
746:Related articles
729:Douglas R. White
719:Jonathan Spencer
699:Marshall Sahlins
689:Sally Falk Moore
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2379:Wayback Machine
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2082:Solomon Islands
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2000:
1994:
1954:Wilma Mankiller
1947:Peter MacDonald
1933:, formulated a
1910:
1870:
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1839:
1837:Band government
1833:
1817:
1792:
1787:
1779:omukama of Toro
1771:Yoweri Museveni
1763:
1742:
1714:
1697:
1685:House of Chiefs
1683:, the national
1681:Ntlo ya Dikgosi
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1608:Mariana Islands
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1546:Tor Tiv of the
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1103:paramount chief
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984:self-government
959:stage into the
916:The concept of
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792:
784:
783:
767:State formation
747:
739:
738:
724:Bjorn Thomassen
679:Elizabeth Mertz
664:Ted C. Lewellen
609:Pierre Clastres
559:
558:Major theorists
551:
550:
541:Without History
540:
509:
445:
437:
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359:Paramount chief
291:Achieved status
286:Ascribed status
278:Status and rank
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193:This article's
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2491:Heads of state
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2455:External links
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1993:
1990:
1986:Black Seminole
1909:
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1869:
1866:
1858:
1855:
1835:Main article:
1832:
1829:
1816:
1813:
1811:civilizations
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1788:
1786:
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1759:
1741:
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1720:and the wider
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1710:
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1579:, 'ariki henua
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1572:Hawaii Islands
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1310:Tupac Amaru II
1280:Nation of the
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994:Main article:
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721:
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714:Aidan Southall
711:
706:
704:James C. Scott
701:
696:
694:Rodney Needham
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
639:Ernest Gellner
636:
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477:
476:
469:
464:
456:
455:
452:
450:
446:
443:
442:
439:
438:
435:
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432:Ritual warfare
429:
424:
418:
417:
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414:Law and custom
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282:
281:
279:
275:
273:Basic concepts
272:
271:
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267:
256:
255:
241:
240:
223:
222:
202:the key points
192:
190:
183:
176:
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117:"Tribal chief"
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2523:
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2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2481:Tribal chiefs
2479:
2478:
2476:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2445:
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2436:
2424:
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2342:
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2327:
2323:
2316:
2313:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2282:tyee Chinook.
2279:
2275:
2274:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2258:tyee Chinook.
2255:
2251:
2250:
2243:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2206:
2203:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2182:Plains tribes
2179:
2175:
2174:Pueblo people
2171:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2134:Petty kingdom
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:Indirect rule
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2036:fait accompli
2033:casino was a
2032:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2017:Jack Abramoff
2014:
2010:
2005:
2004:Indian gaming
1999:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1970:Pueblo people
1967:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1942:were pacified
1938:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1902:Pueblo people
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1864:
1857:United States
1856:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1796:El caciquismo
1790:Latin America
1789:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1767:Great Britain
1760:
1758:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:, a chief of
1639:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1609:
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1601:
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1588:
1584:
1581:
1578:
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1573:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:(amongst the
1525:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1475:Tswana people
1473:(amongst the
1472:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
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1418:
1408:
1403:
1393:
1390:
1382:
1379:November 2022
1372:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1348:This section
1346:
1342:
1337:
1336:
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1316:
1313:
1311:
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1303:
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1257:
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1243:
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1238:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1195:Roman legions
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1168:
1160:
1157:November 2022
1150:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1126:This section
1124:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:confederation
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:village chief
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1058:
1055:
1047:
1044:November 2022
1037:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1013:This section
1011:
1007:
1002:
1001:
997:
989:
987:
985:
981:
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
945:Elman Service
942:
938:
934:
930:
925:
923:
919:
914:
908:
904:
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896:
892:
887:
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743:
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730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
709:Elman Service
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
644:David Graeber
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
604:John Comaroff
602:
600:
599:Jean Comaroff
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
579:Fredrik Barth
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
555:
554:
547:
544:
542:
537:
536:
533:
530:
529:
526:
523:
522:
519:
517:Legal systems
516:
515:
512:
511:
505:
504:
501:
500:
497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
484:
482:
479:
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465:
463:
462:
458:
457:
453:
451:
448:
447:
441:
440:
433:
430:
428:
427:Legal culture
425:
423:
422:Customary law
420:
419:
416:
413:
412:
409:
408:Theatre state
406:
404:
401:
399:
398:House society
396:
394:
393:Petty kingdom
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
367:
364:
363:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
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332:
330:
327:
326:
323:
320:
319:
316:
313:
311:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
296:Social status
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
280:
277:
276:
270:
269:
266:
261:
257:
254:
252:
247:
246:
237:
234:
219:
209:
203:
201:
196:
191:
187:
182:
181:
172:
169:
161:
150:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119: â
118:
114:
113:Find sources:
107:
103:
97:
96:
91:This article
89:
85:
80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
18:Chieftainship
2438:
2427:. Retrieved
2423:the original
2412:
2400:. Retrieved
2396:the original
2386:
2367:
2355:. Retrieved
2351:
2341:
2329:. Retrieved
2325:
2315:
2303:. Retrieved
2298:
2289:
2281:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2248:
2242:
2213:
2205:
2180:tribes, the
2170:Field Museum
2165:
2161:earth lodge.
2151:Field Museum
2146:
2095:Roman Reigns
2079:
2067:
2051:
2034:
2028:
2021:
2001:
1982:
1962:
1951:
1939:
1935:constitution
1923:Ohio Country
1911:
1886:Great Plains
1874:ethnic group
1871:
1840:
1818:
1804:
1794:
1793:
1764:
1743:
1740:South Africa
1729:
1726:constitution
1715:
1698:
1688:
1674:
1624:Nahnmwarki (
1616:
1612:
1583:Grade-taking
1528:Akan peoples
1518:Temne people
1458:Berom people
1385:
1376:
1361:Please help
1349:
1240:
1221:
1211:
1204:
1163:
1154:
1139:Please help
1127:
1080:
1065:
1050:
1041:
1026:Please help
1014:
977:
937:civilization
929:band society
926:
915:
912:
871:
867:
864:tribal chief
863:
861:
810:
803:
796:
776:
684:Sidney Mintz
674:Ralph Linton
669:Edmund Leach
629:Morton Fried
624:Meyer Fortes
574:F. G. Bailey
506:
471:
459:
444:Case studies
403:Ethnic group
373:Band society
353:
248:
229:
213:
197:
195:lead section
164:
155:
145:
138:
131:
124:
112:
100:Please help
95:verification
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
2064:Philippines
2019:publicity.
1984:(as in the
1940:The tribes
1801:clientelism
1730:Chiefs laws
1722:chieftaincy
1633:Yap Islands
1598:Iroijlaplap
1460:of Nigeria)
1453:of Nigeria)
1451:Igbo people
1413: 1979
1304:, Lempira,
1256:Tupi people
1217:colonialism
1076:medicineman
933:Paleolithic
922:Afroeurasia
654:Ulf Hannerz
649:Lesley Gill
2486:Government
2475:Categories
2429:2012-03-08
2225:0394316355
2197:References
2184:, and the
2129:Opperhoofd
2103:villainous
1996:See also:
1894:lodgepoles
1847:Indian Act
1750:rain queen
1465:Luo people
1424:people of
1319:Algonquian
1298:Tenamaxtli
1294:Tecun Uman
1290:Cuauhtémoc
1252:Morubixaba
1099:federation
1087:clan chief
973:Bronze Age
935:stage and
546:Cargo cult
449:Acephelous
339:Matriarchy
334:Patriarchy
321:Leadership
128:newspapers
57:improve it
2352:Guampedia
2326:Guampedia
2234:974107713
2178:Northwest
2106:character
1974:Menominee
1638:Rangatira
1618:fa'amatai
1530:of Ghana)
1510:holders).
1350:does not
1286:chiefdoms
1128:does not
1015:does not
990:Chieftain
957:Neolithic
953:chiefdoms
868:chieftain
734:Eric Wolf
306:Age grade
260:Political
216:July 2019
200:summarize
158:June 2010
63:talk page
2496:Politics
2375:Archived
2357:10 March
2331:10 March
2299:GhanaWeb
2113:See also
2070:Tagbanwa
2031:Shiprock
1958:Cherokee
1927:Hiawatha
1919:Iroquois
1882:Chippewa
1785:Americas
1777:and the
1748:and the
1671:Botswana
1604:Chamorro
1534:Orkoiyot
1524:Omanhene
1426:Zimbabwe
1407:Rhodesia
1302:AtlĂĄcatl
1235:Americas
1191:Cherusci
1188:Germanic
1184:Arminius
1091:colonial
961:Iron Age
880:chiefdom
791:Journals
388:Chiefdom
365:Polities
251:a series
249:Part of
2402:Jul 16,
2190:Midwest
2099:moniker
2076:Oceania
2058:sheikhs
1815:Bolivia
1805:cacique
1712:Nigeria
1689:kgotlas
1626:Pohnpei
1587:Vanuatu
1441:Nigeria
1431:Agwam (
1371:removed
1356:sources
1274:Cacique
1247:Mapuche
1197:in the
1149:removed
1134:sources
1109:History
1036:removed
1021:sources
969:empires
931:of the
899:Gujarat
895:Dahewan
872:headman
496:Mandala
329:Big man
310:Age set
142:scholar
2305:23 May
2232:
2222:
2176:, the
2159:Pawnee
2048:Arabia
1915:Mingos
1898:Pawnee
1878:values
1831:Canada
1761:Uganda
1677:kgosis
1666:Africa
1621:system
1591:Ibedul
1555:Ukelle
1504:Yoruba
1481:Lamido
1331:Africa
1315:Sachem
1213:States
1068:elders
941:cities
822:Social
491:Negara
144:
137:
130:
123:
115:
2054:Arabs
2009:Tigua
1890:tipis
1701:nanas
1695:Ghana
1642:MÄori
1613:Matai
1577:Ariki
1568:Aliʻi
1500:Oloye
1490:Nkosi
1471:Kgosi
1463:Ker (
1437:Bajju
1433:Atyap
1422:Shona
1278:Taino
1242:Lonco
1097:or a
965:urban
918:tribe
903:India
870:, or
480:State
383:Tribe
354:Chief
344:Elder
301:Caste
149:JSTOR
135:books
2404:2020
2359:2021
2333:2021
2307:2023
2230:OCLC
2220:ISBN
2168:The
2149:The
2080:The
2043:Asia
2007:the
1929:and
1825:king
1819:The
1654:Datu
1648:Ratu
1541:Efik
1514:Obai
1508:Bini
1506:and
1498:and
1435:and
1354:any
1352:cite
1215:and
1132:any
1130:cite
1019:any
1017:cite
891:Koli
824:and
525:Kapu
121:news
2254:260
2153:in
1988:).
1548:Tiv
1496:Oba
1447:Eze
1365:by
1143:by
1030:by
897:in
878:or
262:and
104:by
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2324:.
2297:.
2280:.
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2228:.
2192:).
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1757:.
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862:A
253:on
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1415:.
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1381:)
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1373:.
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1159:)
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204:.
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69:(
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20:)
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