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Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, affecting about 4.2% of women and 2.7% of men worldwide. In 2015, about 61 million new cases occurred globally. In the United States about 1.4 million cases were reported in 2014. Infections are most common among those between the
830:
for chlamydia diagnosis, and the non-amplified probe tests. The latter test is relatively insensitive, successfully detecting only 60–80% of infections in asymptomatic women, and often giving falsely-positive results. Culture remains useful in selected circumstances and is currently the only assay
891:
recommend universal screening of pregnant women. The USPSTF acknowledges that in some communities there may be other risk factors for infection, such as ethnicity. Evidence-based recommendations for screening initiation, intervals and termination are currently not possible. For men, the USPSTF
1075:
In the United States about 1.6 million cases were reported in 2016. The CDC estimates that if one includes unreported cases there are about 2.9 million each year. It affects around 2% of young people. Chlamydial infection is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the UK.
658:—the triad of arthritis, conjunctivitis and urethral inflammation—especially in young men. About 15,000 men develop reactive arthritis due to chlamydia infection each year in the U.S., and about 5,000 are permanently affected by it. It can occur in both sexes, though is more common in men.
625:. It was once the leading cause of blindness worldwide, but its role diminished from 15% of blindness cases by trachoma in 1995 to 3.6% in 2002. The infection can be spread from eye to eye by fingers, shared towels or cloths, coughing and sneezing and eye-seeking flies. Symptoms include
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of approximately 99%, regardless of sampling from a cervical swab or by urine specimen. In women seeking treatment in a sexually transmitted infection clinic where a urine test is negative, a subsequent cervical swab has been estimated to be positive in approximately 2% of the time.
758:, this has a negative consequence for chlamydia bacteria since the organism is dependent on the host cell for these nutrients. Long-term cohort studies indicate that approximately 50% of those infected clear within a year, 80% within two years, and 90% within three years.
951:. In men, doxycycline (100 mg twice a day for 7 days) is probably more effective than azithromycin (1 g single dose) but evidence for the relative effectiveness of antibiotics in women is very uncertain. Agents recommended during pregnancy include erythromycin or
1079:
Chlamydia causes more than 250,000 cases of epididymitis in the U.S. each year. Chlamydia causes 250,000 to 500,000 cases of PID every year in the United States. Women infected with chlamydia are up to five times more likely to become infected with HIV, if exposed.
2154:
Ngondi J, Onsarigo A, Matthews F, Reacher M, Brayne C, Baba S, et al. (August 2006). "Effect of 3 years of SAFE (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental change) strategy for trachoma control in southern Sudan: a cross-sectional study".
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For sexually active women who are not pregnant, screening is recommended in those under 25 and others at risk of infection. Risk factors include a history of chlamydial or other sexually transmitted infection, new or multiple sexual partners, and inconsistent
551:
For sexually active women who are not pregnant, screening is recommended in those under 25 and others at risk of infection. Risk factors include a history of chlamydial or other sexually transmitted infection, new or multiple sexual partners, and inconsistent
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The swab sample for chlamydial infections does not show difference whether the sample was collected in home or in clinic in terms of numbers of patient treated. The implications in cured patients, reinfection, partner management, and safety are unknown.
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aimed (unsuccessfully) for the global elimination of trachoma by 2020 (GET 2020 initiative). The updated World Health
Assembly neglected tropical diseases road map (2021–2030) sets 2030 as the new timeline for global elimination.
966:(PDT or PDPT), which is the practice of treating the sex partners of index cases by providing prescriptions or medications to the patient to take to his/her partner without the health care provider first examining the partner.
492:
for around 70% of women infected. The infection can be passed through vaginal, anal, oral, or manual sex. Of those who have an asymptomatic infection that is not detected by their doctor, approximately half will develop
356:
and can be passed from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth. The eye infections may also be spread by personal contact, flies, and contaminated towels in areas with poor sanitation. Infection by the bacterium
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concludes evidence is currently insufficient to determine if regular screening of men for chlamydia is beneficial. They recommend regular screening of men who are at increased risk for HIV or syphilis infection. A
734:. Chlamydia can also be passed from an infected mother to her baby during vaginal childbirth. It is assumed that the probability of becoming infected is proportionate to the number of bacteria one is exposed to.
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Because of improved test accuracy, ease of specimen management, convenience in specimen management, and ease of screening sexually active men and women, the NAATs have largely replaced culture, the historic
1348:"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
329:
Chlamydia infections can occur in other areas besides the genitals, including the anus, eyes, throat, and lymph nodes. Repeated chlamydia infections of the eyes that go without treatment can result in
400:
or azithromycin is recommended in babies and during pregnancy. Sexual partners should also be treated, and infected people should be advised not to have sex for seven days and until symptom free.
1508:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
765:
and become morphologically aberrant by increasing in size. Persistent organisms remain viable as they are capable of returning to a normal growth state once conditions in the host cell improve.
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At present, the NAATs have regulatory approval only for testing urogenital specimens, although rapidly evolving research indicates that they may give reliable results on rectal specimens.
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ocular discharge, irritation, redness, and lid swelling. Newborns can also develop chlamydia eye infection through childbirth (see below). Using the SAFE strategy (acronym for surgery for
1072:
Globally, as of 2015, sexually transmitted chlamydia affects approximately 61 million people. It is more common in women (3.8%) than men (2.5%). In 2015 it resulted in about 200 deaths.
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Rapid point-of-care tests are, as of 2020, not thought to be effective for diagnosing chlamydia in men of reproductive age and non-pregnant women because of high false-negative rates.
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infections in women (and 50% in men) are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, and can linger for months or years before being discovered. Signs and symptoms may include abnormal
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There is debate as to whether persistence has relevance: some believe that persistent chlamydia bacteria are the cause of chronic chlamydial diseases. Some antibiotics such as
884:
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found that the effects of screening are uncertain in terms of chlamydia transmission but that screening probably reduces the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease in women.
1974:
3177:
3201:"Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010"
3096:
U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services Public Health Service. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention
1989:
1644:
The term was coined based on the incorrect conclusion that
Chlamydia are intracellular protozoan pathogens that appear to cloak the nucleus of infected cells.
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due to the limitations of NAAT in a bacterial (rather than a viral) context, since targeted genetic material may persist in the absence of viable organisms.
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Chlamydia bacteria have the ability to establish long-term associations with host cells. When an infected host cell is starved for various nutrients such as
3318:
666:
As many as half of all infants born to mothers with chlamydia will be born with the disease. Chlamydia can affect infants by causing spontaneous abortion;
1251:"Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting"
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678:. Conjunctivitis due to chlamydia typically occurs one week after birth (compared with chemical causes (within hours) or gonorrhea (2–5 days)).
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Fajardo-Bernal L, Aponte-Gonzalez J, Vigil P, Angel-Müller E, Rincon C, Gaitán HG, et al. (Cochrane STI Group) (September 2015).
2667:"Comparing urine samples and cervical swabs for Chlamydia testing in a female population by means of Strand Displacement Assay (SDA)"
572:
in about 50% of cases. Symptoms that may occur include: a painful or burning sensation when urinating, an unusual discharge from the
4669:
4407:
4266:
4169:
2796:"Rapid point of care test for detecting urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in nonpregnant women and men at reproductive age"
2747:"Home-based versus clinic-based specimen collection in the management of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections"
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between exposure and being able to infect others is thought to be on the order of two to six weeks. Symptoms in women may include
4077:
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1319:
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from the cervix (women) or urethra (men), on self-collected vaginal swabs, or on voided urine. NAAT has been estimated to have a
298:. Most people who are infected have no symptoms. When symptoms do appear they may occur only several weeks after infection; the
61:
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in men, although the exact relevance in prostatitis is difficult to ascertain due to possible contamination from urethritis.
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should be tested for in those who have been infected. Following treatment people should be tested again after three months.
2562:
Klöckner A, Bühl H, Viollier P, Henrichfreise B (2018). "Deconstructing the
Chlamydial Cell Wall". In Häcker, Georg (ed.).
365:
which is recommended yearly in sexually active women under the age of twenty-five, others at higher risk, and at the first
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4420:
4340:
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1741:
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985:
2381:"Severe tryptophan starvation blocks onset of conventional persistence and reduces reactivation of Chlamydia trachomatis"
1191:
4728:
4256:
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2566:. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 412. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–33.
2344:
Gambhir M, Basáñez MG, Turner F, Kumaresan J, Grassly NC (June 2007). "Trachoma: transmission, infection, and control".
289:
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815:
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Chlamydia can be transmitted during vaginal, anal, oral, or manual sex or direct contact with infected tissue such as
494:
315:
184:
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Strategies for improved follow up care include the use of text messages and emails from those who provided treatment.
4768:
4570:
2022:
1945:. Bucher, Linda; Heitkemper, Margaret M. (Margaret McLean); Harding, Mariann (10th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri.
969:
Following treatment people should be tested again after three months to check for reinfection. Test of cure may be
416:
ages of 15 and 25 and are more common in women than men. In 2015 infections resulted in about 200 deaths. The word
33:
4296:
3322:
4072:
3745:
3392:
3112:
Test-of-Cure Cannot Be Based on a Single Highly
Sensitive Laboratory Test Taken at Least 3 Weeks after Treatment"
2130:
799:
642:
3279:"Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection among persons aged 14-39 years--United States, 2007-2012"
2605:"Comparison of three nucleic acid amplification tests for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urine specimens"
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4565:
4271:
4238:
3948:
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use. For pregnant women, guidelines vary: screening women with age or other risk factors is recommended by the
695:
2717:"Recommendations for the Laboratory-Based Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae — 2014"
4696:
4496:
4233:
4208:
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2039:
Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Etya'ale D, Kocur I, Pararajasegaram R, Pokharel GP, et al. (November 2004).
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are offered chlamydia testing, with studies showing up to 9% of women aged under 25 years had chlamydia.
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Prevent and control chlamydia infection through early detection and treatment of asymptomatic infection;
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pain or swelling, or fever. If left untreated, chlamydia in men can spread to the testicles causing
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2998:"Antibiotics for treating urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men and non-pregnant women"
1249:
Newman L, Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Wijesooriya NS, Unemo M, Low N, et al. (8 December 2015).
807:
353:
341:
1791:"Screening for chlamydial infection: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement"
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Expedited
Partner Therapy in the Management of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (2 February 2006)
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Low N, Redmond S, Uusküla A, van Bergen J, Ward H, Andersen B, et al. (September 2016).
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Páez-Canro C, Alzate JP, González LM, Rubio-Romero JA, Lethaby A, Gaitán HG (January 2019).
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The diagnosis of genital chlamydial infections evolved rapidly from the 1990s through 2006.
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89:
3086:
384:, or having sex with only one other person, who is not infected. Chlamydia can be cured by
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4535:
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4291:
4198:
4018:
3897:
3589:
3352:
3199:
Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, et al. (December 2012).
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893:
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545:
502:
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Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. (October 2016).
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2009:
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Haugland S, Thune T, Fosse B, Wentzel-Larsen T, Hjelmevoll SO, Myrmel H (March 2010).
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Meyers D, Wolff T, Gregory K, Marion L, Moyer V, Nelson H, et al. (March 2008).
762:
707:
421:
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1924:
1822:
1506:
Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (October 2016).
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3922:
3717:
3683:
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3013:
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944:
936:
806:(SDA) now are the mainstays. NAAT for chlamydia may be performed on swab specimens
788:
761:
The starved chlamydia bacteria can enter a persistent growth state where they stop
581:
489:
461:
450:
397:
389:
311:
310:. Symptoms in men may include discharge from the penis, burning with urination, or
252:
180:
4911:
606:
4876:
3136:
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2922:
2539:
2522:
2482:
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1275:
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4311:
4301:
4133:
3943:
3913:
3722:
3628:
3604:
2469:
Mpiga P, Ravaoarinoro M (2006). "Chlamydia trachomatis persistence: an update".
1220:
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approved for testing non-genital specimens. Other methods also exist including:
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731:
699:
638:
589:
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573:
533:
472:
393:
319:
256:
188:
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1600:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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4626:
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3551:
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1943:
Medical-surgical nursing : assessment and management of clinical problems
932:
747:
743:
703:
630:
569:
446:
385:
248:
147:
3106:
Dukers-Muijrers N, Morré S, Speksnijder A, Sande M, Hoebe C (28 March 2012).
1960:
916:
Test at least 25 percent of the sexually active under 25 population annually.
4906:
4842:
4838:
4621:
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4390:
4336:
3804:
3736:
3465:
3425:
2921:
Desai M, Woodhall SC, Nardone A, Burns F, Mercey D, Gilson R (August 2015).
2312:
1761:
1620:
959:
948:
715:
675:
634:
401:
373:. Rectal or mouth swabs are required to diagnose infections in those areas.
27:
Sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium
Chlamydia trachomatis
3304:
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2018:
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17:
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2396:
2297:"Ulcerative proctitis in men who have sex with men: an emerging outbreak"
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614:
601:
577:
457:
409:
405:
349:
345:
330:
69:
2056:
1659:
Witkin SS, Minis E, Athanasiou A, Leizer J, Linhares IM (October 2017).
524:
Chlamydia is known as the "silent epidemic", as at least 70% of genital
314:. The infection can spread to the upper genital tract in women, causing
4686:
4597:
4525:
4441:
4028:
3556:
2571:
755:
687:
541:
506:
370:
369:. Testing can be done on the urine or a swab of the cervix, vagina, or
226:
151:
4794:
3369:
Knowledge (XXG)'s health care articles can be viewed offline with the
2430:""Doctor, how long has my Chlamydia been there?" Answer: ".... years""
568:
In men, those with a chlamydial infection show symptoms of infectious
4833:
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872:
859:
553:
514:
498:
485:
453:
381:
237:
2923:"Active recall to increase HIV and STI testing: a systematic review"
1561:(3rd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 306.
471:
A white, cloudy or watery discharge may emerge from the tip of the
4540:
3566:
980:
958:
An option for treating sexual partners of those with chlamydia or
836:
779:
719:
605:
537:
466:
441:
2603:
Gaydos CA, Theodore M, Dalesio N, Wood BJ, Quinn TC (July 2004).
1416:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. December 28, 2009.
862:, or having sex with only one other person, who is not infected.
513:, which can later cause serious complications, including chronic
488:(neck of the womb) is a sexually transmitted infection which has
4609:
4530:
2379:
Leonhardt RM, Lee SJ, Kavathas PB, Cresswell P (November 2007).
751:
3760:
3381:
802:(PCR), transcription mediated amplification (TMA), and the DNA
3579:
626:
2428:
Fairley CK, Gurrin L, Walker J, Hocking JS (September 2007).
1988:
Thylefors B, Négrel AD, Pararajasegaram R, Dadzie KY (1995).
1840:
Yeung EY, Comben E, McGarry C, Warrington R (February 2015).
879:(USPSTF) (which recommends screening women under 25) and the
424:
3047:"Diagnosis and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection"
1221:"2014 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance Chlamydia"
883:(which recommends screening women aged 25 or younger). The
641:, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvements), the
116:
113:
98:
772:
have been found to induce a persistent-like growth state.
1414:"CDC – Trachoma, Hygiene-related Diseases, Healthy Water"
1312:"Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Fact sheet N°110"
1188:"2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines"
988:(DALY) for chlamydia per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004
107:
2971:. Sperryville, VA: Antimicrobial Therapy, Inc. pp.
2088:
Mabey DC, Solomon AW, Foster A (July 2003). "Trachoma".
1475:
Elsevier's
Medical Laboratory Science Examination Review
2965:
Eliopoulos GM, Gilbert DN, Moellering RC, eds. (2015).
588:
if not treated. Chlamydia is also a potential cause of
2794:
Grillo-Ardila CF, Torres M, Gaitán HG (January 2020).
2523:"Insight in the biology of Chlamydia-related bacteria"
1842:"STI testing in emergency contraceptive consultations"
1708:
1706:
1704:
722:
or swollen lymph nodes in other regions of the body.
126:
92:
4784:
2893:"National Chlamydia Screening Programme Data tables"
110:
95:
4897:
4788:
4588:
4508:
4487:
4378:
4325:
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4177:
4168:
4121:
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3936:
3911:
3895:
3842:
3812:
3803:
3794:
3680:
3565:
3542:
3517:
3416:
2041:"Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002"
885:
American
College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
271:
263:
244:
232:
219:
206:
198:
174:
157:
137:
104:
101:
80:
51:
46:
1889:Wagenlehner FM, Naber KG, Weidner W (April 2006).
556:use. Guidelines recommend all women attending for
521:, and other dangerous complications of pregnancy.
3277:Torrone E, Papp J, Weinstock H (September 2014).
2230:. Center For Disease Control. December 16, 2014.
1789:U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (July 2007).
1661:"Chlamydia trachomatis: the Persistent Pathogen"
913:Prevent the consequences of untreated infection;
2968:The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy 2011
2660:
2658:
2260:, Oxford University Press, pp. 1265–1274,
1654:
1652:
3246:
3244:
1891:"Chlamydial infections and prostatitis in men"
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1127:
1125:
910:Reduce onward transmission to sexual partners;
544:or the urge to urinate more often than usual (
3772:
3393:
3321:. UK Health Protection Agency. Archived from
1501:
1499:
1306:
1304:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
361:only occurs in humans. Diagnosis is often by
8:
4934:Sexually transmitted diseases and infections
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1408:
1406:
887:recommends screening all at risk, while the
835:(LCR), direct fluorescent antibody resting,
3283:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
3002:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2849:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2845:"Screening for genital chlamydia infection"
2800:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2751:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1341:
1339:
1337:
497:(PID), a generic term for infection of the
4785:
4764:Recurrent toxin-mediated perineal erythema
4183:
4174:
4050:Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare complex
3974:
3809:
3800:
3779:
3765:
3757:
3400:
3386:
3378:
3256:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3170:"WHO Disease and injury country estimates"
2721:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1973:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1742:"USPSTF recommendations for STI screening"
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
889:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
714:in the groin, but it may also manifest as
449:from chlamydia infection characterized by
312:pain and swelling of one or both testicles
215:spread by sexual intercourse or childbirth
60:
43:
3859:Cutaneous group B streptococcal infection
3294:
3224:
3145:
3135:
3021:
2938:
2868:
2819:
2770:
2692:
2682:
2638:
2620:
2538:
2521:Bayramova F, Jacquier N, Greub G (2018).
2445:
2404:
2320:
2064:
2045:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
2008:
1997:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
1906:
1865:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1684:
1629:
1619:
1531:
1371:
1284:
1274:
1244:
1242:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
2295:Williams D, Churchill D (January 2006).
1478:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 30.
931:infection can be effectively cured with
225:Urine or swab of the cervix, vagina, or
2254:"Palliative Care in the United Kingdom"
1846:The British Journal of General Practice
1807:10.7326/0003-4819-147-2-200707170-00172
1101:
240:, sex with only one non–infected person
3069:from the original on November 27, 2011
2222:
2220:
2218:
1966:
1575:from the original on 10 September 2017
1420:from the original on September 5, 2015
4083:Rapid growing mycobacterium infection
2258:Oxford Textbook of Palliative Nursing
1936:
1934:
1441:Great Relationships and Sex Education
1322:from the original on 25 November 2014
881:American Academy of Family Physicians
333:, a common cause of blindness in the
7:
4262:Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis
3824:Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
787:inclusion bodies (brown) in a McCoy
517:pain, difficulty becoming pregnant,
509:. PID can cause scarring inside the
4712:Chronic undermining burrowing ulcer
877:U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
674:, which may lead to blindness; and
2266:10.1093/med/9780195391343.003.0072
2234:from the original on July 14, 2015
584:, which in rare cases can lead to
25:
4670:Superficial pustular folliculitis
4267:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
3704:Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
1227:from the original on 10 June 2016
1194:from the original on 11 June 2016
1139:from the original on 11 June 2016
964:patient-delivered partner therapy
804:strand displacement amplification
4078:Primary inoculation tuberculosis
3363:
3252:"Detailed STD Facts – Chlamydia"
2609:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
1908:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06007.x
1829:from the original on 2008-03-03.
1492:from the original on 2017-09-10.
796:Nucleic acid amplification tests
88:
4576:Gram-negative toe web infection
4152:Group JK corynebacterium sepsis
3746:Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)
3409:Sexually transmitted infections
3180:from the original on 2009-11-11
2927:Sexually Transmitted Infections
2727:from the original on 2016-06-27
2631:10.1128/JCM.42.7.3041-3045.2004
2346:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
1665:Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
610:Conjunctivitis due to chlamydia
340:Chlamydia can be spread during
4317:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection
4139:Cutaneous diphtheria infection
4093:Tuberculosis cutis orificialis
4004:Borderline tuberculoid leprosy
3994:Borderline lepromatous leprosy
3014:10.1002/14651858.CD010871.pub2
2861:10.1002/14651858.CD010866.pub2
2812:10.1002/14651858.CD011708.pub2
2763:10.1002/14651858.CD011317.pub2
532:or discharge, abdominal pain,
290:sexually transmitted infection
1:
4341:Primary gonococcal dermatitis
4287:Flinders Island spotted fever
3217:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2
2897:www.chlamydiascreening.nhs.uk
2434:Sexually Transmitted Diseases
2358:10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70137-8
2169:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69202-7
2102:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13914-1
1524:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6
1397:Krasner's Microbial Challenge
1364:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1
986:Disability-adjusted life year
901:National Health Service (NHS)
318:, which may result in future
4954:Vaccine-preventable diseases
4729:Blistering distal dactylitis
4257:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
4145:Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
4098:Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis
3882:Chronic recurrent erysipelas
3478:Mycoplasma hominis infection
3137:10.1371/journal.pone.0034108
2940:10.1136/sextrans-2014-051930
2540:10.1016/j.micinf.2017.11.008
2483:10.1016/j.micres.2005.04.004
2447:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31812dfb6e
1558:Oxford dictionary of English
1438:Hoyle A, McGeeney E (2019).
1276:10.1371/journal.pone.0143304
1133:"Chlamydia – CDC Fact Sheet"
484:Chlamydial infection of the
202:Few weeks following exposure
167:, discharge from the penis,
4949:Infectious causes of cancer
4749:Blastomycosis-like pyoderma
4370:Chromobacteriosis infection
4282:Mediterranean spotted fever
3372:Medical Knowledge (XXG) app
3348:WHO fact sheet on chlamydia
1795:Annals of Internal Medicine
814:of approximately 90% and a
706:. It usually presents with
570:inflammation of the urethra
495:pelvic inflammatory disease
316:pelvic inflammatory disease
185:pelvic inflammatory disease
4970:
4769:Tick-borne lymphadenopathy
4571:Gram-negative folliculitis
2533:(7–8). Elsevier: 432–440.
2504:Kushwaha AK (2020-07-26).
2144:. Accessed March 17, 2008.
1990:"Global data on blindness"
899:In the United Kingdom the
599:
534:painful sexual intercourse
447:Inflammation of the cervix
425:
34:Chlamydia (disambiguation)
31:
4073:Papulonecrotic tuberculid
4058:Mycobacterium haemophilum
3174:World Health Organization
3051:American Family Physician
2252:Hansford P (April 2010),
2131:World Health Organization
1746:American Family Physician
800:polymerase chain reaction
654:Chlamydia may also cause
643:World Health Organization
519:ectopic (tubal) pregnancy
284:, or more specifically a
68:
59:
4566:Lymphogranuloma venereum
4272:Flea-borne spotted fever
4245:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
4239:American tick bite fever
3949:Erysipeloid of Rosenbach
3864:Streptococcal intertrigo
3442:lymphogranuloma venereum
3045:Miller KE (April 2006).
2507:Textbook of Microbiology
2471:Microbiological Research
696:lymphogranuloma venereum
292:caused by the bacterium
267:4.2% (women), 2.7% (men)
4697:Trichomycosis axillaris
4234:African tick bite fever
4209:North Asian tick typhus
4129:Cutaneous actinomycosis
3459:Klebsiella granulomatis
2313:10.1136/bmj.332.7533.99
2228:"STD Facts – Chlamydia"
1621:10.1073/pnas.1533181100
935:. Guidelines recommend
919:Retest after treatment.
558:emergency contraceptive
4409:Haemophilus influenzae
4353:Pasteurella hemolytica
4277:Japanese spotted fever
4229:Bacillary angiomatosis
4219:Flying squirrel typhus
4214:Queensland tick typhus
4103:Tuberculous cellulitis
4066:Mycobacterium kansasii
3788:Bacterial skin disease
3507:Ureaplasma urealyticum
2684:10.1186/1472-6874-10-9
2527:Microbes and Infection
2385:Infection and Immunity
1594:Byrne GI (July 2003).
1444:. Taylor and Francis.
1069:
791:
698:, an infection of the
611:
590:prostatic inflammation
476:
464:
388:with typically either
308:burning with urination
169:burning with urination
4724:Elephantiasis nostras
4702:Necrotizing fasciitis
4615:Hospital furunculosis
4297:Brill–Zinsser disease
3928:Dermatitis gangrenosa
3653:Molluscum contagiosum
3532:Trichomonas vaginalis
3471:Neisseria gonorrhoeae
3447:Chlamydia trachomatis
3110:Chlamydia trachomatis
1858:10.3399/bjgp15X683449
1596:"Chlamydia uncloaked"
1223:. November 17, 2015.
1190:. CDC. June 4, 2015.
1135:. CDC. May 19, 2016.
984:
833:ligase chain reaction
785:Chlamydia trachomatis
783:
694:is also the cause of
692:Chlamydia trachomatis
623:Chlamydia trachomatis
609:
470:
445:
359:Chlamydia trachomatis
295:Chlamydia trachomatis
212:Chlamydia trachomatis
181:Pain in the testicles
4939:Chlamydia infections
4759:Chronic lymphangitis
4428:Hot tub folliculitis
4417:Pseudomonal pyoderma
4044:Miliary tuberculosis
4034:Lichen scrofulosorum
3834:Toxic shock syndrome
3613:Human papillomavirus
3502:Ureaplasma infection
3353:Chlamydia Fact Sheet
3325:on 13 September 2012
3092:29 July 2017 at the
2564:Biology of Chlamydia
2397:10.1128/IAI.00668-07
1677:10.1128/CVI.00203-17
1555:Stevenson A (2010).
1518:(10053): 1545–1602.
1358:(10053): 1459–1544.
839:, and cell culture.
32:For other uses, see
4648:Acute lymphadenitis
4641:Perianal cellulitis
4636:Pyogenic paronychia
4546:Chlamydia infection
4462:Granuloma inguinale
4436:Green nail syndrome
4432:Ecthyma gangrenosum
4307:Cat-scratch disease
4113:Tuberculoid leprosy
4024:Lepromatous leprosy
3871:Streptococcus iniae
3431:Haemophilus ducreyi
3258:. 20 September 2017
3211:(9859): 2163–2196.
3128:2012PLoSO...734108D
2510:. Dr. A.K KUSHWAHA.
1612:2003PNAS..100.8040B
1267:2015PLoSO..1043304N
1066: more than 110
716:rectal inflammation
712:swollen lymph nodes
511:reproductive organs
429:, meaning 'cloak'.
286:chlamydia infection
55:Chlamydia infection
4898:External resources
4692:Pitted keratolysis
4603:Periapical abscess
4014:Erythema induratum
3999:Borderline leprosy
3989:Aquarium granuloma
3495:Treponema pallidum
3483:Mycoplasma hominis
2671:BMC Women's Health
2572:10.1007/82_2016_34
2140:2012-10-21 at the
1718:2013-01-16 at the
1713:NHS Chlamydia page
1472:Graeter L (2014).
1090:Chlamydia research
1070:
947:, levofloxacin or
837:enzyme immunoassay
792:
708:genital ulceration
656:reactive arthritis
612:
477:
465:
433:Signs and symptoms
144:Infectious disease
4921:
4920:
4782:
4781:
4717:Fournier gangrene
4584:
4583:
4483:
4482:
4424:hot-foot syndrome
4397:Vibrio vulnificus
4164:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4108:Tuberculous gumma
3964:
3963:
3754:
3753:
3646:HSV-1 & HSV-2
3634:Hepatitis B virus
2982:978-1-930808-65-2
2581:978-3-319-71232-1
2391:(11): 5105–5117.
2275:978-0-19-539134-3
2163:(9535): 589–595.
2096:(9379): 223–229.
1952:978-0-323-32852-4
1941:Lewis SM (2017).
1895:BJU International
1606:(14): 8040–8042.
1451:978-1-35118-825-8
1318:. December 2015.
854:Prevention is by
542:painful urination
376:Prevention is by
324:ectopic pregnancy
304:vaginal discharge
300:incubation period
279:
278:
221:Diagnostic method
193:ectopic pregnancy
165:vaginal discharge
41:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
4961:
4786:
4754:Bullous impetigo
4675:Sycosis vulgaris
4489:Campylobacterota
4438:
4184:
4175:
3975:
3810:
3801:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3758:
3733:
3714:
3695:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3379:
3367:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3298:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3248:
3239:
3238:
3228:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3149:
3139:
3103:
3097:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3057:(8): 1411–1416.
3042:
3036:
3035:
3025:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2942:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2899:. Archived from
2889:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2823:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2774:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2696:
2686:
2662:
2653:
2652:
2642:
2624:
2615:(7): 3041–3045.
2600:
2594:
2593:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2542:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2449:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2408:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2324:
2307:(7533): 99–100.
2292:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2224:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2151:
2145:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2068:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2021:. Archived from
2012:
1994:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1964:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1910:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1869:
1852:(631): 63.1–64.
1837:
1831:
1830:
1786:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1760:. Archived from
1737:
1722:
1710:
1699:
1698:
1688:
1656:
1647:
1646:
1633:
1623:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1535:
1503:
1494:
1493:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1395:Shors T (2018).
1392:
1386:
1385:
1375:
1343:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1288:
1278:
1261:(12): e0143304.
1246:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1217:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1184:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1129:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
798:(NAAT), such as
682:Other conditions
530:vaginal bleeding
428:
427:
335:developing world
236:Not having sex,
123:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
64:
44:
21:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4916:
4893:
4892:
4797:
4783:
4778:
4590:
4580:
4504:
4479:
4415:
4374:
4360:Meningococcemia
4321:
4292:Verruga peruana
4199:Epidemic typhus
4156:
4117:
4019:Histoid leprosy
3980:
3960:
3932:
3907:
3898:Corynebacterium
3891:
3838:
3790:
3785:
3755:
3750:
3729:
3710:
3691:
3682:
3676:
3620:Genital warts (
3561:
3538:
3513:
3412:
3406:
3376:
3368:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3328:
3326:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3289:(38): 834–838.
3276:
3275:
3271:
3261:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3242:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3094:Wayback Machine
3085:
3081:
3072:
3070:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3008:(1): CD010871.
2995:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2906:
2904:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2855:(9): CD010866.
2842:
2841:
2837:
2806:(1): CD011708.
2793:
2792:
2788:
2757:(9): CD011317.
2744:
2743:
2739:
2730:
2728:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2664:
2663:
2656:
2622:10.1.1.335.7713
2602:
2601:
2597:
2582:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2237:
2235:
2226:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2205:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2142:Wayback Machine
2129:
2125:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2051:(11): 844–851.
2038:
2037:
2033:
2025:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1965:
1953:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1788:
1787:
1776:
1767:
1765:
1739:
1738:
1725:
1720:Wayback Machine
1711:
1702:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1569:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1486:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1423:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1404:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1345:
1344:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1207:
1197:
1195:
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1185:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1131:
1130:
1103:
1098:
1086:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1001:
997:
995:
991:
979:
926:
894:Cochrane review
868:
852:
778:
740:
738:Pathophysiology
728:
684:
668:premature birth
664:
652:
604:
598:
566:
546:urinary urgency
503:fallopian tubes
482:
440:
438:Genital disease
435:
133:
91:
87:
76:(H&E stain)
42:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4967:
4965:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4946:
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4925:
4919:
4918:
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4899:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4879:
4868:
4849:
4826:
4798:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:Classification
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4774:Tropical ulcer
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4653:Pilonidal cyst
4650:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4624:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4594:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4556:Rat-bite fever
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4493:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4413:
4405:
4400:
4393:
4388:
4386:Pasteurellosis
4382:
4380:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4348:
4343:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4252:Rickettsialpox
4249:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4194:Endemic typhus
4190:
4188:
4181:
4179:Pseudomonadota
4172:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4046:
4041:
4039:Lupus vulgaris
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3979:Mycobacterium-
3972:
3970:Actinomycetota
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3951:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3919:
3917:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3901:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3875:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3848:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3820:
3818:
3815:Staphylococcus
3807:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3761:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3739:
3734:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3688:
3686:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3662:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3641:Herpes simplex
3638:
3626:
3617:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3584:
3571:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3548:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3527:Trichomoniasis
3523:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3499:
3487:
3475:
3463:
3451:
3435:
3422:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3382:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3350:
3343:
3342:External links
3340:
3337:
3336:
3310:
3269:
3240:
3191:
3161:
3098:
3079:
3037:
2988:
2981:
2957:
2933:(5): 314–323.
2913:
2884:
2835:
2786:
2737:
2708:
2654:
2595:
2580:
2554:
2513:
2496:
2461:
2440:(9): 727–728.
2420:
2371:
2352:(6): 420–427.
2336:
2287:
2274:
2244:
2214:
2190:
2146:
2123:
2080:
2031:
2028:on 2008-06-25.
2003:(1): 115–121.
1980:
1951:
1930:
1901:(4): 687–690.
1881:
1832:
1801:(2): 128–134.
1774:
1752:(6): 819–824.
1723:
1700:
1648:
1586:
1567:
1547:
1495:
1484:
1464:
1450:
1430:
1402:
1399:. p. 366.
1387:
1333:
1300:
1238:
1205:
1150:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1082:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
989:
978:
975:
971:false-positive
929:C. trachomatis
925:
922:
921:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
867:
864:
856:not having sex
851:
848:
777:
774:
746:(for example,
739:
736:
727:
724:
683:
680:
672:conjunctivitis
663:
660:
651:
648:
619:conjunctivitis
600:Main article:
597:
594:
565:
562:
526:C. trachomatis
481:
478:
439:
436:
434:
431:
378:not having sex
367:prenatal visit
277:
276:
273:
269:
268:
265:
261:
260:
246:
242:
241:
234:
230:
229:
223:
217:
216:
208:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
178:
172:
171:
161:
155:
154:
141:
135:
134:
132:
131:
127:klə-MID-ee-yuh
84:
82:
78:
77:
74:C. trachomatis
66:
65:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4966:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4889:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4796:
4791:
4787:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4734:Botryomycosis
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4610:Boil/furuncle
4608:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4587:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4551:Leptospirosis
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4476:
4474:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4447:Salmonellosis
4445:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4423:
4418:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4404:
4403:Rhinoscleroma
4401:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4088:Scrofuloderma
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3887:Scarlet fever
3885:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3845:Streptococcus
3841:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3777:
3775:
3770:
3768:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3679:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3391:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3366:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3270:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3192:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3122:(3): e34108.
3121:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3083:
3080:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2914:
2903:on 2009-05-04
2902:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2839:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2738:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2424:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2277:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1764:on 2021-08-28
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1587:
1574:
1570:
1568:9780199571123
1564:
1560:
1559:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1485:9780323292412
1481:
1477:
1476:
1468:
1465:
1453:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1434:
1431:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1060: 100–110
994: no data
987:
983:
976:
974:
972:
967:
965:
961:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
923:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
905:
904:
902:
897:
895:
890:
886:
882:
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858:, the use of
857:
849:
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840:
838:
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828:gold standard
823:
820:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
790:
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782:
775:
773:
771:
766:
764:
763:cell division
759:
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632:
628:
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620:
617:is a chronic
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176:Complications
173:
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128:
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86:
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81:Pronunciation
79:
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63:
58:
54:
50:
45:
39:
35:
30:
19:
4905:
4881:
4870:
4851:
4828:
4801:
4739:Malakoplakia
4665:Folliculitis
4589:Unspecified
4561:Lyme disease
4498:Helicobacter
4497:
4472:
4421:
4408:
4395:
4352:
4333:Gonococcemia
4244:
4224:Trench fever
4204:Scrub typhus
4144:
4065:
4057:
4049:
4009:Buruli ulcer
3978:
3953:
3923:Gas gangrene
3912:
3896:
3870:
3843:
3813:
3730:
3718:Epididymitis
3711:
3692:
3684:inflammation
3668:
3656:
3632:
3621:
3612:
3578:
3530:
3505:
3493:
3481:
3469:
3457:
3445:
3429:
3370:
3327:. Retrieved
3323:the original
3313:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3260:. Retrieved
3255:
3208:
3204:
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3173:
3164:
3119:
3115:
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3071:. Retrieved
3054:
3050:
3040:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2967:
2960:
2952:
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2901:the original
2896:
2887:
2852:
2848:
2838:
2803:
2799:
2789:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2729:. Retrieved
2720:
2711:
2674:
2670:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2563:
2557:
2530:
2526:
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2206:. Retrieved
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2160:
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2149:
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2083:
2057:10665/269277
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2044:
2034:
2023:the original
2000:
1996:
1983:
1942:
1898:
1894:
1884:
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1798:
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1766:. Retrieved
1762:the original
1749:
1745:
1668:
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1643:
1603:
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1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1557:
1550:
1515:
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1440:
1433:
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1396:
1390:
1355:
1351:
1324:. Retrieved
1315:
1258:
1254:
1229:. Retrieved
1196:. Retrieved
1141:. Retrieved
1078:
1074:
1071:
1054: 90–100
977:Epidemiology
968:
957:
945:erythromycin
937:azithromycin
928:
927:
898:
869:
853:
845:
841:
824:
821:
793:
789:cell culture
784:
767:
760:
741:
729:
726:Transmission
691:
686:A different
685:
665:
653:
627:mucopurulent
622:
613:
582:epididymitis
567:
550:
525:
523:
483:
462:inflammation
451:mucopurulent
420:is from the
417:
414:
398:Erythromycin
396:being used.
390:azithromycin
375:
358:
339:
328:
293:
285:
281:
280:
253:azithromycin
210:
73:
38:
29:
4944:Chlamydiota
4744:Pyomyositis
4452:Shigellosis
4422:Pseudomonas
4346:Melioidosis
4312:Oroya fever
4302:Brucellosis
4134:Nocardiosis
3944:Listeriosis
3914:Clostridium
3723:Prostatitis
3629:Hepatitis B
3580:HIV-1/HIV-2
3454:Donovanosis
3319:"Chlamydia"
2477:(1): 9–19.
2281:15 December
2203:www.who.int
1048: 80–90
1042: 70–80
1036: 60–70
1030: 50–60
1024: 40–50
1018: 30–40
1012: 20–30
1006: 10–20
953:amoxicillin
941:doxycycline
933:antibiotics
816:specificity
812:sensitivity
744:amino acids
732:conjunctiva
700:lymph nodes
639:antibiotics
596:Eye disease
490:no symptoms
456:discharge,
394:doxycycline
386:antibiotics
320:infertility
275:~200 (2015)
257:doxycycline
249:Antibiotics
199:Usual onset
189:infertility
52:Other names
4928:Categories
4883:DiseasesDB
4632:Paronychia
4627:Cellulitis
4500:cellulitis
4411:cellulitis
4351:Cutaneous
3955:Mycoplasma
3905:Erythrasma
3878:Erysipelas
3869:Cutaneous
3742:Urethritis
3699:Cervicitis
3670:Zika virus
3665:Zika fever
3552:Crab louse
3262:14 January
3073:2010-10-30
2907:2009-08-28
2731:2016-06-12
2238:2015-07-24
2208:2023-06-27
2199:"Trachoma"
1768:2008-03-17
1424:2015-07-24
1096:References
850:Prevention
748:tryptophan
704:lymphatics
631:in-growing
621:caused by
578:testicular
354:manual sex
233:Prevention
148:gynecology
18:Chlamydial
4907:eMedicine
4622:Carbuncle
4475:infection
4473:Aeromonas
4467:Chancroid
4391:Tularemia
4355:infection
4337:Gonorrhea
4247:infection
4147:infection
4068:infection
4060:infection
4052:infection
3873:infection
3805:Bacillota
3737:Proctitis
3622:condyloma
3544:Parasitic
3519:Protozoal
3466:Gonorrhea
3438:Chlamydia
3426:Chancroid
3418:Bacterial
3355:from the
3329:31 August
2617:CiteSeerX
2118:208789262
1969:cite book
1961:944472408
1000: ≤10
962:includes
960:gonorrhea
949:ofloxacin
924:Treatment
903:aims to:
866:Screening
776:Diagnosis
770:β-lactams
676:pneumonia
635:in-turned
586:sterility
505:, and/or
418:chlamydia
402:Gonorrhea
363:screening
282:Chlamydia
264:Frequency
245:Treatment
139:Specialty
70:Pap smear
47:Chlamydia
4707:Gangrene
4658:Pyoderma
4591:pathogen
4521:Syphilis
4516:Syphilid
4365:Glanders
4170:Gram -ve
3854:Impetigo
3829:Impetigo
3796:Gram +ve
3590:cervical
3490:Syphilis
3305:25254560
3235:23245607
3178:Archived
3176:. 2004.
3156:22470526
3116:PLOS ONE
3090:Archived
3067:Archived
3063:16669564
3032:30682211
2949:25759476
2879:27623210
2830:31995238
2781:26418128
2725:Archived
2703:20338058
2677:(1): 9.
2649:15243057
2590:27726004
2549:29269129
2491:16338585
2456:17717486
2415:17724071
2366:17521595
2331:16410585
2232:Archived
2185:45018412
2177:16905023
2138:Archived
2135:Trachoma
2110:12885486
2075:15640920
1925:34481915
1917:16536754
1876:25624285
1827:Archived
1823:35816540
1815:17576996
1758:18386598
1716:Archived
1695:28835360
1640:12835422
1573:Archived
1542:27733282
1490:Archived
1457:July 11,
1418:Archived
1382:27733281
1320:Archived
1295:26646541
1255:PLOS ONE
1225:Archived
1192:Archived
1137:Archived
1084:See also
756:vitamins
637:lashes,
615:Trachoma
602:Trachoma
454:cervical
406:syphilis
331:trachoma
159:Symptoms
72:showing
4912:med/340
4877:D002690
4847:A70-A74
4687:Ecthyma
4598:Abscess
4526:Chancre
4442:Q fever
4029:Leprosy
3981:related
3681:General
3586:Cancer
3557:Scabies
3296:4584673
3226:6350784
3184:Nov 11,
3147:3314698
3124:Bibcode
3023:6353232
2870:6457643
2821:6988850
2772:8666088
2694:2861009
2406:2168275
2322:1326936
2066:2623053
2019:7704921
2010:2486591
1867:4325454
1686:5629669
1608:Bibcode
1579:10 June
1533:5055577
1373:5388903
1326:10 June
1316:who.int
1286:4672879
1263:Bibcode
1231:10 June
1198:10 June
1143:10 June
860:condoms
808:sampled
688:serovar
662:Infants
507:ovaries
458:redness
426:χλαμύδα
382:condoms
371:urethra
342:vaginal
288:, is a
238:condoms
227:urethra
152:urology
4862:099.41
4682:Pimple
4457:Plague
4122:Others
3937:Others
3731:either
3693:female
3600:penile
3595:vulvar
3303:
3293:
3233:
3223:
3205:Lancet
3154:
3144:
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3030:
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1631:166176
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1352:Lancet
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1040:
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1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
873:condom
650:Joints
554:condom
515:pelvic
499:uterus
486:cervix
460:, and
408:, and
272:Deaths
207:Causes
163:None,
130:
4866:483.1
4541:Bejel
4536:Pinta
4509:Other
4379:Gamma
4187:Alpha
3615:(HPV)
3567:Viral
3411:(STI)
2181:S2CID
2114:S2CID
2026:(PDF)
1993:(PDF)
1921:S2CID
1819:S2CID
754:, or
720:fever
574:penis
538:fever
480:Women
473:penis
422:Greek
352:, or
4888:2384
4872:MeSH
4857:9-CM
4824:1C23
4820:1C20
4816:1A81
4812:1A80
4531:Yaws
4326:Beta
3712:male
3605:anal
3575:AIDS
3331:2012
3301:PMID
3264:2018
3231:PMID
3186:2009
3152:PMID
3059:PMID
3028:PMID
2977:ISBN
2945:PMID
2875:PMID
2853:2016
2826:PMID
2777:PMID
2755:2015
2699:PMID
2645:PMID
2586:PMID
2576:ISBN
2545:PMID
2487:PMID
2452:PMID
2411:PMID
2362:PMID
2327:PMID
2283:2022
2270:ISBN
2173:PMID
2106:PMID
2071:PMID
2015:PMID
1975:link
1957:OCLC
1947:ISBN
1913:PMID
1872:PMID
1811:PMID
1754:PMID
1691:PMID
1636:PMID
1581:2016
1563:ISBN
1538:PMID
1480:ISBN
1459:2023
1446:ISBN
1378:PMID
1328:2016
1291:PMID
1233:2016
1200:2016
1145:2016
752:iron
710:and
702:and
350:oral
346:anal
4853:ICD
4843:A56
4839:A55
4830:ICD
4803:ICD
3658:MCV
3357:CDC
3291:PMC
3221:PMC
3213:doi
3209:380
3142:PMC
3132:doi
3018:PMC
3010:doi
2935:doi
2865:PMC
2857:doi
2816:PMC
2808:doi
2767:PMC
2759:doi
2689:PMC
2679:doi
2635:PMC
2627:doi
2568:doi
2535:doi
2479:doi
2475:161
2442:doi
2401:PMC
2393:doi
2354:doi
2317:PMC
2309:doi
2305:332
2301:BMJ
2262:doi
2165:doi
2161:368
2098:doi
2094:362
2061:PMC
2053:hdl
2005:PMC
1903:doi
1862:PMC
1854:doi
1803:doi
1799:147
1681:PMC
1673:doi
1626:PMC
1616:doi
1604:100
1528:PMC
1520:doi
1516:388
1368:PMC
1360:doi
1356:388
1281:PMC
1271:doi
750:),
690:of
633:or
564:Men
548:).
410:HIV
392:or
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