2039:
149:
2051:
916:
1077:
1707:
2063:
828:, as it handles baking conditions well. Among cassia, Chinese cinnamon is generally medium to light reddish-brown in colour, hard and woody in texture, and thicker (2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) thick), as all of the layers of bark are used. Ceylon cinnamon, using only the thin inner bark, has a lighter brown colour and a finer, less dense, and more crumbly texture. It is subtle and more aromatic in flavour than cassia and it loses much of its flavour during cooking.
76:
970:
934:
2404:
952:
166:
700:
708:
351:
2085:
754:
inner bark is used; the outer, woody portion is discarded, leaving metre-long cinnamon strips that curl into rolls ("quills") on drying. The processed bark dries completely in four to six hours, provided it is in a well-ventilated and relatively warm environment. Once dry, the bark is cut into 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) lengths for sale.
1921:
set a guideline for maximum coumarin content in foodstuffs of 50 mg per kg of dough in seasonal foods, and 15 mg per kg in everyday baked foods. The maximum recommended TDI of 0.1 mg of coumarin per kg of body weight equates to 5 mg of coumarin (or 5.6 g C. verum with 0.9 mg
753:
The stems must be processed immediately after harvesting while the inner bark is still wet. The cut stems are processed by scraping off the outer bark, then beating the branch evenly with a hammer to loosen the inner bark, which is then pried off in long rolls. Only 0.5 mm (0.02 in) of the
2693:
The right of regulating the sale of the cinnamon belongs solely to the king of the
Gebanitæ, who opens the market for it by public proclamation. The price of it was formerly as much as a thousand denarii per pound; which was afterwards increased to half as much again, in consequence, it is said, of
882:
These groups are further divided into specific grades. For example, Mexican is divided into M00000 special, M000000 and M0000, depending on quill diameter and number of quills per kilogram. Any pieces of bark less than 106 mm (4.2 in) long are categorized as quillings. Featherings are the
831:
The barks of the species are easily distinguished when whole, both in macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Ceylon cinnamon sticks (quills) have many thin layers and can easily be made into powder using a coffee or spice grinder, whereas cassia sticks are much harder. Indonesian cinnamon is
4189:
Namazi, Nazli; Khodamoradi, Kajal; Khamechi, Seyed Peyman; Heshmati, Javad; Ayati, Mohammad
Hossein; Larijani, Bagher (April 2019). "The impact of cinnamon on anthropometric indices and glycemic status in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials".
3105:
3470:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1865:
stated: "Studies done in people don't support using cinnamon for any health condition." However, the results of the studies are difficult to interpret because it is often unclear what type of cinnamon and what part of the plant were used.
719:
tree characterized by oval-shaped leaves, thick bark and a berry fruit. When harvesting the spice, the bark and leaves are the primary parts of the plant used. However, in Japan, the more pungent roots are harvested in order to produce
663:
by 1640, and expelled the remaining
Portuguese by 1658. "The shores of the island are full of it," a Dutch captain reported, "and it is the best in all the Orient. When one is downwind of the island, one can still smell cinnamon eight
2038:
2575:
An
Analysis and Summary of Herodotus: With a Synchronistical Table of Principal Events; Tables of Weights, Measures, Money, and Distances; an Outline of the History and Geography; and the Dates Completed from Gaisford, Baehr,
5900:
481:. He also mentioned cassia as a flavouring agent for wine, and that the tales of cinnamon being collected from the nests of cinnamon birds was a traders' fiction made up to charge more. However, the story remained current in
366:, a related species. Cinnamon was so highly prized among ancient nations that it was regarded as a gift fit for monarchs and even for a deity; an inscription records the gift of cinnamon and cassia to the temple of
4493:
1841:(HbA1c, an indicator of chronically elevated plasma glucose). Four of the reviews reported a decrease in fasting plasma glucose, only two reported lower HbA1c, and one reported no change to either measure. The
3252:
4398:"Coumarin in flavourings and other food ingredients with flavouring properties - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)".
2264:
5893:
1064:
typically low in content in true cinnamon – but market samples contained coumarin with levels as high as 3462 mg/kg, indicating probable contamination with cassia in the counterfeit cinnamon.
2050:
1668:
199:(formerly Ceylon), is considered to be "true cinnamon", but most cinnamon in international commerce is derived from four other species, usually and more correctly referred to as "cassia":
5886:
3945:
1862:
3165:"Differentiation of the four major species of cinnamons (C. burmannii, C. verum, C. cassia, and C. loureiroi) using a flow injection mass spectrometric (FIMS) fingerprinting method"
4577:
3759:
4699:
3448:
4627:
3058:
2522:(species Cinnamomum zeylanicum), bushy evergreen tree of the laurel family (Lauraceae) native to Malabar Coast of India, Sri Lanka (Ceylon) Bangladesh and Myanmar (Burma).
4470:
3987:
732:
it, i.e., cutting the stems at ground level. The following year, about a dozen new shoots form from the roots, replacing those that were cut. A number of pests such as
2863:
2753:
1910:(TDI) of 0.1 mg of coumarin per kg of body weight. Coumarin is known to cause liver and kidney damage in high concentrations and metabolic effect in humans with
1091:, especially in Mexico. Cinnamon is often used in savoury dishes of chicken and lamb. In the United States and Europe, cinnamon and sugar are often used to flavour
3141:
546:, the source of cinnamon remained a mystery to the Western world. From reading Latin writers who quoted Herodotus, Europeans had learned that cinnamon came up the
4444:
4318:
Hajimonfarednejad, M.; Ostovar, M.; Raee, M. J.; Hashempur, M. H.; Mayer, J. G.; Heydari, M. (1 April 2019). "Cinnamon: A systematic review of adverse events".
4091:
Akilen, Rajadurai; Tsiami, Amalia; Devendra, Devasenan; Robinson, Nicola (20 April 2012). "Cinnamon in glycaemic control: Systematic review and meta analysis".
2999:
1869:
A meta-analysis of cinnamon supplementation trials with lipid measurements reported lower total cholesterol and triglycerides, but no significant changes in
2424:
4527:
3169:
622:
on the spice trade in Europe, distributing cinnamon from
Alexandria. The disruption of this trade by the rise of other Mediterranean powers, such as the
3915:
765:. In 2011, the European Union approved the use of sulphur dioxide at a concentration of up to 150 mg/kg (0.0024 oz/lb) for the treatment of
4692:
4139:
3414:
3085:
883:
inner bark of twigs and twisted shoots. Chips are trimmings of quills, outer and inner bark that cannot be separated, or the bark of small twigs.
2062:
1087:
Cinnamon bark is used as a spice. It is principally employed in cookery as a condiment and flavouring material. It is used in the preparation of
429:, an aromatic used for burning, included cinnamon and cassia. The gifts of Hellenistic rulers to temples sometimes included cassia and cinnamon.
3520:"Antibacterial activity of cinnamon ethanol extract ( cinnamomum burmannii ) and its application as a mouthwash to inhibit streptococcus growth"
3319:
2023:, after an investigation stemming from 500 reports of child lead poisoning across the US. The FDA determined that cinnamon was adulterated with
3136:
2589:
The incense trees are guarded by winged serpents The cassia trees, which grow by a shallow lake, are guarded by fierce winged animals like bats
4519:
2808:
148:
6915:
6881:
3755:
3482:
3042:
2781:
2635:
2552:
2503:
173:
Cinnamon is the name for several species of trees and the commercial spice products that some of them produce. All are members of the genus
5909:
4667:
4376:
2830:
3091:
7775:
7652:
6768:
6508:
5814:
4192:
2419:
1068:
found the same problem in a 2020 analysis; "a supplement that contained the highest amount of coumarin was labeled as Ceylon cinnamon".
656:, the cinnamon found in Sri Lanka. This cinnamon eventually competed with Sri Lankan cinnamon, which was controlled by the Portuguese.
4685:
2719:
2243:
Cassia, also known as cinnamon or
Chinese cinnamon is a tree that has bark similar to that of cinnamon but with a rather pungent odour
2236:
3477:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
1899:
as a result of cinnamon use reported gastrointestinal disorders and allergic reactions as the most frequently reported side effects.
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4606:
3748:
3354:
3099:
2123:
3440:
7607:
6743:
6478:
4293:
3223:
3062:
1830:
as a digestive aid. However, contemporary studies are unable to find evidence of any significant medicinal or therapeutic effect.
851:), little effect is visible with pure Ceylon cinnamon; however, when Chinese cinnamon is present, a deep-blue tint is produced.
7730:
7043:
3726:
7617:
7038:
7033:
6483:
3034:
1903:
734:
1857:. The Cochrane authors' conclusion was: "There is insufficient evidence to support the use of cinnamon for type 1 or type 2
757:
A less than ideal drying environment encourages the proliferation of pests in the bark, which may then require treatment by
3496:
3276:"Quantification of coumarin and related phenolics in cinnamon samples from south India using UHPLC-ESI-QqQLIT-MS/MS method"
2871:
467:" collected the cinnamon sticks from an unknown land where the cinnamon trees grew and used them to construct their nests.
7018:
7013:
5960:
4041:
3950:
2509:
4657:
Wijesekera R. O. B., Ponnuchamy S., Jayewardene A. L., "Cinnamon" (1975) monograph published by CISIR, Colombo, Sri Lanka
7726:
7003:
6564:
4632:
4582:
4320:
4093:
3436:
3410:
3131:
2895:
2016:
362:. It was imported to Egypt as early as 2000 BC, but those who reported that it had come from China had confused it with
4239:
2169:
38:
4428:
3784:
Yokomi, Naoka; Ito, Michiho (1 July 2009). "Influence of composition upon the variety of tastes in
Cinnamomi cortex".
2469:
2359:
2317:
2200:
2107:
1752:
the whole. It is of a golden-yellow colour, with the characteristic odour of cinnamon and a very hot aromatic taste.
832:
often sold in neat quills made up of one thick layer, capable of damaging a spice or coffee grinder. Saigon cinnamon (
330:, similar to the current names of cinnamon in several other European languages, which are derived from the Latin word
3835:
Jayaprakasha, G. K.; Rao, L. J. (2011). "Chemistry, biogenesis, and biological activities of
Cinnamomum zeylanicum".
3569:"Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion against multi-species oral biofilms"
3246:
2268:
3878:
3635:
Fattahi, Reza; Ghanbarzadeh, Babak; Dehghannya, Jalal; Hosseini, Mohammadyar; Falcone, Pasquale M. (December 2020).
691:, India. It later became Asia's largest cinnamon estate. The British took control of Ceylon from the Dutch in 1796.
7790:
5819:
5160:
5110:
3981:
Costello, Rebecca B.; Dwyer, Johanna T.; Saldanha, Leila; Bailey, Regan L.; Merkel, Joyce; Wambogo, Edwina (2016).
3954:
7368:
406:(cassia) is native to China. Related species, all harvested and sold in the modern era as cinnamon, are native to
7770:
7765:
6132:
2975:
2376:
2334:
2292:
67:
7118:
7028:
7023:
7008:
6825:
6325:
5955:
5950:
5829:
5695:
5409:
1145:
1131:
669:
623:
4263:"The effects of cinnamon supplementation on blood lipid concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
3371:
1706:
1076:
4520:"Cassia cinnamon as a source of coumarin in cinnamon-flavored food and food supplements in the United States"
840:) are always sold as broken pieces of thick bark, as the bark is not supple enough to be rolled into quills.
672:
continued to overhaul the methods of harvesting in the wild and eventually began to cultivate its own trees.
7309:
7091:
5068:
3882:
2381:
2339:
2297:
1842:
511:
463:. Herodotus, Aristotle and other authors named Arabia as the source of cinnamon; they recounted that giant "
3905:
3637:"The effect of Macro and Nano-emulsions of cinnamon essential oil on the properties of edible active films"
1845:
review noted that trial durations were limited to 4 to 16 weeks, and that no trials reported on changes to
1738:
The flavour of cinnamon is due to the aromatic essential oils that makes up 0.5 to 1% of its composition.
7785:
7612:
7459:
7176:
7048:
6954:
6320:
5965:
4885:
4838:
4035:
Allen, Robert W.; Schwartzman, Emmanuelle; Baker, William L.; Coleman, Craig I.; Phung, Olivia J. (2013).
2658:
1977:
1914:
1907:
1664:
816:
746:
219:
599:("Monument of Places and History of God's Bondsmen") about 1270. This was followed shortly thereafter by
7287:
7086:
6371:
6105:
5824:
5352:
5292:
4978:
4938:
4900:
4723:
4372:
2663:
2068:
1533:
3406:
2261:"Global cinnamon production in 2021; Crops/Regions/World Regions/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)"
1726:
Ceylon cinnamon may be crushed into small pieces by hand while
Indonesian cinnamon requires a powerful
7314:
4518:
Wang, Yan-Hong; Avula, Bharathi; Nanayakkara, N. P. Dhammika; Zhao, Jianping; Khan, Ikhlas A. (2013).
2840:
7755:
7667:
7488:
7430:
7359:
7267:
7220:
6655:
6518:
6456:
6436:
6310:
5998:
5546:
5463:
5337:
5235:
4910:
4865:
4802:
3580:
3531:
3315:
1827:
1572:
1546:
600:
319:
562:
in 1248, he reported—and believed—what he had been told: that cinnamon was fished up in nets at the
7760:
7572:
7492:
7434:
7392:
7334:
7102:
6610:
6281:
5414:
5307:
5250:
5228:
5073:
4628:"Investigation of Elevated Lead & Chromium Levels: Cinnamon Applesauce Pouches (November 2023)"
3391:
3127:
2804:
2711:
2706:
Graser, E. R. (1940). "A text and translation of the Edict of Diocletian". In Frank, Tenney (ed.).
2688:
1718:
790:
590:
268:
201:
6615:
2775:
1906:
considered the toxicity of coumarin, a component of cinnamon, and confirmed a maximum recommended
526:
per day. Cinnamon was too expensive to be commonly used on funeral pyres in Rome, but the Emperor
7697:
7557:
7453:
7319:
7114:
7060:
6625:
6569:
6498:
6299:
6191:
5977:
5924:
5646:
5571:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5208:
5140:
4968:
4880:
4875:
4853:
4807:
4734:
4345:
4217:
3860:
3817:
3549:
3297:
3008:
2967:
2959:
2912:
2118:
2004:, usually well over 1.0 mg of coumarin per g of cinnamon and sometimes up to 12 times that,
1791:
1520:
1500:
1297:
1104:
1012:
In 2021, four countries accounted for 98% of the world's cinnamon production, a total of 226,753
844:
676:
639:
563:
555:
551:
6748:
5765:
4552:
4364:
3983:"Do Cinnamon Supplements Have a Role in Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes? A Narrative Review"
7552:
7413:
6808:
6707:
6660:
6590:
824:
Cassia induces a strong, spicy flavour and is often used in baking, especially associated with
7750:
7657:
7647:
7170:
6758:
6681:
6672:
6503:
6272:
6227:
6217:
6162:
6115:
5915:
5847:
5725:
5705:
5665:
5611:
5513:
5508:
5095:
4905:
4818:
4756:
4544:
4436:
4337:
4285:
4209:
4166:
4110:
4068:
4014:
3852:
3809:
3801:
3674:
3656:
3614:
3596:
3488:
3478:
3350:
3196:
3095:
3038:
2951:
2715:
2631:
2548:
2499:
2461:
2232:
1931:
1858:
1585:
1402:
782:
474:
422:
402:
374:. Its source was kept a trade secret in the Mediterranean world for centuries by those in the
207:
7672:
2893:
Gray, E. W.; Miller, J. I. (1970). "The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire 29 B.C. – A.D. 641".
630:, was one of many factors that led Europeans to search more widely for other routes to Asia.
7582:
7348:
7186:
6650:
6595:
6256:
5940:
5735:
5503:
5488:
5468:
5150:
5031:
4785:
4536:
4485:
4409:
4329:
4277:
4201:
4156:
4148:
4102:
4058:
4050:
4004:
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3604:
3588:
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3535:
3287:
3186:
3178:
2943:
2904:
2409:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1938:
1803:
1712:
1092:
808:
291:
187:
153:
130:
110:
81:
6889:
6861:
4578:"FDA Alert Concerning Certain Cinnamon Products Due to Presence of Elevated Levels of Lead"
3274:
Ananthakrishnan, R.; Chandra, Preeti; Kumar, Brijesh; Rameshkumar, K. B. (1 January 2018).
2932:"The Ottoman Conquest of Egypt (1517) and the Beginning of the Sixteenth-Century World War"
238:
The English word "cinnamon", attested in English since the 15th century, deriving from the
7780:
7702:
7622:
7425:
7418:
6820:
6813:
6753:
6665:
6533:
6528:
6488:
6035:
5945:
5770:
5357:
5302:
5282:
5245:
5200:
5003:
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3215:
3026:
2231:. Translated by Anthea (New expanded ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
1874:
1870:
1846:
1779:
from cinnamon bark. Cinnamaldehyde decomposes, in high humidity and high temperatures, to
1120:
1108:
1065:
1053:
801:
762:
559:
470:
411:
359:
272:
213:
3544:
3519:
2682:
1667:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
3584:
2743:
Toussaint-Samat 2009, p. 438 discusses cinnamon's hidden origins and Joinville's report.
75:
7449:
7364:
7134:
7056:
6763:
6295:
6202:
6172:
6065:
5973:
5730:
5700:
5670:
5653:
5576:
5444:
5369:
5193:
5155:
5130:
5088:
5051:
4262:
4161:
4134:
4063:
4036:
4009:
3982:
3910:
3669:
3636:
3609:
3568:
3343:
3191:
3164:
2835:
1918:
1896:
1854:
1838:
1834:
1772:
1759:
1127:
1100:
1003:
627:
607:
531:
530:
is said to have burned a year's worth of the city's supply at the funeral for his wife
138:
62:
This article is about the spice. For the genus of trees where cinnamon originates, see
3692:
7744:
7682:
7662:
7257:
6972:
6803:
6783:
6513:
6401:
6212:
6085:
6002:
5785:
5740:
5675:
5621:
5556:
5424:
5394:
5374:
5362:
5347:
5332:
5322:
5297:
5100:
4848:
3553:
3301:
2971:
2650:
2610:
2602:
2573:
2415:
2410:
2024:
1776:
1682:
1245:
1163:
1081:
825:
665:
660:
589:, about 1180. The first mention that the spice grew specifically in Sri Lanka was in
586:
464:
264:
239:
134:
126:
4261:
Maierean SM, Serban MC, Sahebkar A, Ursoniu S, Serban A, Penson P, Banach M (2017).
4221:
3864:
659:
In 1638, Dutch traders established a trading post in Sri Lanka, took control of the
550:
to the trading ports of Egypt, but where it came from was less than clear. When the
7562:
7378:
7338:
7271:
7261:
7252:
7247:
7190:
7148:
6738:
6523:
6432:
6345:
6157:
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6055:
5720:
5710:
5680:
5616:
5606:
5586:
5566:
5384:
5182:
5125:
5120:
5063:
4823:
4489:
4400:
4349:
4152:
3821:
3718:
1922:
coumarin per gram) for a body weight of 50 kg. C as shown in the table below:
1678:
1213:
860:
680:
3292:
3275:
4037:"Cinnamon use in type 2 diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis"
2694:
the forests having been set on fire by the barbarians, from motives of resentment
2625:
2538:
2226:
2019:
recommended a voluntary recall on 6 brands of cinnamon due to contamination with
2008:
has a low safe-intake-level upper limit to adhere to the above TDI. In contrast,
7602:
7530:
7514:
7382:
7354:
7237:
7181:
7124:
7110:
6798:
6793:
6733:
6462:
6447:
6442:
6396:
6335:
6262:
6242:
6221:
6182:
6045:
6010:
5750:
5745:
5690:
5626:
5591:
5399:
5327:
5287:
5145:
5021:
4744:
2192:
2090:
1197:
1049:
643:
543:
489:
375:
165:
4333:
4281:
4205:
4106:
4000:
3592:
3472:
2491:
1119:. Cinnamon powder has long been an important spice in enhancing the flavour of
7592:
7483:
7398:
7388:
7344:
7328:
7324:
7215:
7081:
6949:
6830:
6676:
6604:
6600:
6493:
6452:
6277:
6267:
6252:
6120:
6030:
5857:
5852:
5790:
5775:
5715:
5404:
5312:
5058:
4895:
4890:
4828:
4739:
3848:
3797:
2947:
2080:
1749:
1745:
1741:
Cinnamon bark can be macerated, then extracted in 80% ethanol, to a tincture.
1559:
1419:
1385:
1171:
1061:
758:
582:
571:
507:
478:
393:
97:
63:
4440:
3805:
3660:
3600:
2955:
2465:
1794:, including eugenol, found in the oil from leaves or bark of cinnamon trees.
7707:
7692:
7687:
7637:
7632:
7277:
7196:
7154:
7144:
6381:
6246:
5867:
5862:
5660:
5631:
5581:
5523:
5429:
5317:
5223:
5177:
4797:
4677:
4471:"Coumarin content in cinnamon containing food products on the Danish market"
4413:
4235:
3031:
The Perspective of the World: Civilization and Capitalism, 15th–18th Century
2544:
2312:
2165:
2112:
2056:
Cinnamon toast can be made with cinnamon baked in, or just sprinkled on top.
1850:
1478:
1465:
1452:
1355:
1088:
1029:
1021:
975:
939:
865:
The Sri Lankan grading system divides the cinnamon quills into four groups:
729:
716:
699:
482:
477:
on "rafts without rudders or sails or oars", taking advantage of the winter
448:
389:
196:
178:
102:
4548:
4341:
4289:
4213:
4170:
4114:
4072:
4018:
3856:
3813:
3678:
3618:
3567:
Jeong, Yeo-Jin; Kim, Hee-Eun; Han, Su-Jin; Choi, Jun-Seon (15 March 2021).
3492:
3200:
2449:
2260:
707:
350:
2354:
7642:
7627:
7596:
7586:
7576:
7566:
7547:
7535:
7504:
7499:
7463:
7374:
7227:
7166:
7138:
7128:
7106:
6788:
6773:
6697:
6635:
6620:
6580:
6386:
6361:
6314:
6305:
6232:
6198:
6142:
6137:
6099:
6095:
6059:
6049:
6039:
6025:
5983:
5878:
5780:
5755:
5473:
5458:
5240:
5135:
5083:
5036:
4993:
4973:
4958:
4923:
4751:
4671:
4429:"Cinnamon sparks spicy debate between Danish bakers and food authorities"
1886:
1813:
1368:
1175:
1135:
1112:
1057:
740:
619:
567:
456:
3940:
3012:
786:(cassia or Chinese cinnamon, the most common commercial type in the USA)
17:
7677:
7542:
7508:
7477:
7441:
7299:
7281:
7201:
7158:
7098:
7066:
6932:
6876:
6777:
6728:
6701:
6693:
6640:
6574:
6547:
6390:
6366:
6287:
6236:
6125:
5988:
5685:
5636:
5551:
5541:
5483:
5419:
5389:
5078:
5041:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4933:
4775:
2428:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 376.
2099:
1807:
1780:
1727:
1686:
1335:
1052:
and falsely marketed as authentic cinnamon. In one analysis, authentic
1025:
999:
957:
547:
501:
418:
407:
397:
371:
142:
106:
6986:
6844:
6415:
4607:"Lead-tainted cinnamon has been recalled. Here's what you should know"
4540:
3652:
3182:
2963:
2931:
2916:
2084:
843:
The powdered bark is harder to distinguish, but if it is treated with
414:"), Indonesia and other southeast Asian countries with warm climates.
7469:
7445:
7403:
7303:
7231:
7070:
7052:
6910:
6871:
6866:
6644:
6630:
6375:
6291:
6186:
6177:
6167:
6146:
6109:
6080:
6075:
6014:
6006:
5992:
5969:
5641:
5596:
5536:
5493:
5434:
5379:
5342:
5262:
5257:
5218:
5115:
5105:
5026:
4988:
4928:
4918:
4792:
4780:
4770:
4054:
3389:
Hariati Azizan (2 August 2015). "A spicy blend of tradition". Star2.
1911:
1784:
1744:
Cinnamon essential oil can be prepared by roughly pounding the bark,
1435:
1149:
1116:
848:
688:
684:
615:
614:), where local traders then carried it north to Alexandria in Egypt.
611:
460:
444:
438:
367:
254:
248:
59:
Spice from the inner tree bark of several members of genus Cinnamomum
5923:
3061:. Plant Village, Pennsylvania State University. 2017. Archived from
95:
obtained from the inner bark of several tree species from the genus
2908:
2540:
Herbal principles in cosmetics: properties and mechanisms of action
1877:. Another reported no change to body weight or insulin resistance.
1762:, cinnamon essential oil, and water, by ultrasonic emulsification.
7473:
7209:
7205:
7162:
7076:
6845:
6712:
6689:
6329:
6206:
6089:
6020:
5760:
5601:
5561:
5531:
5478:
5453:
5439:
5187:
5172:
5046:
5013:
4998:
4983:
4870:
4765:
4729:
2537:
Burlando, B.; Verotta, L.; Cornara, L.; Bottini-Massa, E. (2010).
1705:
1231:
1167:
1153:
1096:
1075:
1017:
1013:
921:
905:
728:). Cinnamon is cultivated by growing the tree for two years, then
698:
578:
452:
451:, both cinnamon and cassia grew in Arabia, together with incense,
426:
385:
349:
260:
227:
164:
147:
118:
114:
92:
74:
3749:"High daily intakes of cinnamon: Health risk cannot be ruled out"
7408:
7242:
6987:
6933:
6894:
6585:
6548:
6416:
5498:
5213:
4843:
4833:
4714:
2607:
Natural History of Pliny, book XII, The Natural History of Trees
2265:
Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database
2020:
1890:
1654:
1598:
1111:
for both sweet and savoury dishes. Cinnamon can also be used in
527:
520:
for a pound of cassia, while an agricultural labourer earned 25
5882:
4681:
2166:"Encyclopaedia Britannica article on Cinnamon, plant and spice"
1787:
as it ages, it darkens in colour and forms resinous compounds.
1134:, it is incorporated into vegetable stews and desserts such as
384:, which translates from Latin as "true cinnamon", is native to
2193:"International trade in non-wood forest products: An overview"
1690:
1269:
812:(Sri Lanka cinnamon, Ceylon cinnamon or Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
122:
2997:
Mallari, Francisco (December 1974). "The Mindanao Cinnamon".
433:
242:
79:
Dried bark strips, bark powder and flowers of the small tree
872:
Continental, less than 16 mm (0.63 in) in diameter
217:(Saigon cinnamon or Vietnamese cassia), and the less common
7293:
2199:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
1103:) is sold separately for such purposes. It is also used in
1095:, bread-based dishes such as toast, and fruits, especially
3441:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
4133:
Leach, Matthew J.; Kumar, Saravana (12 September 2012).
3946:
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
1863:
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
1833:
Reviews of clinical trials reported lowering of fasting
875:
Mexican, less than 19 mm (0.75 in) in diameter
606:
Indonesian rafts transported cinnamon directly from the
1768:
can be made with a dispersing emulsifying homogenizer.
1123:, used in a variety of thick soups, drinks and sweets.
878:
Hamburg, less than 32 mm (1.3 in) in diameter
42:
3524:
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
2103:, a plant known as "wild cinnamon" or "white cinnamon"
724:(ニッキ) which is a product distinct from cinammon (シナモン
342:, "tube", from the way the bark curls up as it dries.
2831:"The life of spice; cloves, nutmeg, pepper, cinnamon"
2780:. Vol. 1. Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts.
577:
The first mention that the spice grew in the area of
5910:
3132:"Commission Directive 2010/69/EU of 22 October 2010"
869:
Alba, less than 6 mm (0.24 in) in diameter
642:
was searching for spices on behalf of Spain; in the
594:
311:
300:
294:
from Latin, ultimately derives from the Hebrew word
282:
133:. The aroma and flavour of cinnamon derive from its
7523:
6996:
6985:
6965:
6942:
6931:
6903:
6854:
6843:
6721:
6557:
6546:
6471:
6425:
6414:
6354:
5933:
5922:
5840:
5799:
5522:
5012:
4713:
2601:Pliny the Elder; Bostock, J.; Riley, H. T. (1855).
1811:
1634:
1622:
1597:
1584:
1571:
1558:
1545:
1532:
1519:
1498:
1477:
1464:
1451:
1434:
1418:
1401:
1384:
1367:
1354:
1333:
1294:
1266:
1244:
1230:
1210:
1196:
1191:
378:, in order to protect their monopoly as suppliers.
195:), known as "Ceylon cinnamon" after its origins in
141:, as well as numerous other constituents including
3474:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
3342:
679:established the Anjarakkandy Cinnamon Estate near
267:intermediate forms. The Greek was borrowed from a
226:In 2021, world production of cinnamon was 226,753
3988:Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
2450:"The Origin, History and Trade Route of Cinnamon"
1510:
1345:
794:(Korintje, Padang cassia, or Indonesian cinnamon)
5651:
777:A number of species are often sold as cinnamon:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3906:"11 Cinnamon-Flavored Liquors for the Holidays"
3248:The Elements of materia medica and therapeutics
2532:
2530:
750:(stripe canker) can affect the growing plants.
3837:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
1192:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
417:In Ancient Egypt, cinnamon was used to embalm
5894:
4693:
4469:Ballin, Nicolai Z.; Sørensen, Ann T. (2014).
4365:"German Christmas Cookies Pose Health Danger"
4184:
4182:
4180:
4086:
4084:
4082:
3518:Waty, Syahdiana; Suryanto, Dwi (March 2018).
3000:Philippine Quarterly of Culture & Society
2710:. Vol. V: Rome and Italy of the Empire.
2220:
2218:
105:and flavouring additive in a wide variety of
8:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4030:
4028:
3630:
3628:
2936:International Journal of Middle East Studies
2691:. p. 140 – via Internet Archive.
2670:. Vol. 1. London: Longman. p. 600.
2566:
2564:
1186:
804:, Vietnamese cassia, or Vietnamese cinnamon)
306:
295:
276:
2142:Cassia is thicker than Sri Lankan cinnamon.
1158:. It is also one of "four sibling spices" (
647:
521:
515:
499:
493:
473:wrote that cinnamon was brought around the
337:
331:
26:
6993:
6939:
6851:
6554:
6422:
5930:
5901:
5887:
5879:
4700:
4686:
4678:
4528:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
3437:United States Food and Drug Administration
3170:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
3163:Chen, P.; Sun, J.; Ford, P. (March 2014).
2000:Due to the variable amount of coumarin in
1315:
1185:
185:species are grown commercially for spice.
4160:
4062:
4008:
3668:
3608:
3543:
3291:
3190:
2448:Mohammadifar, Shamameh (23 August 2010).
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2225:Bell, Maguelonne Toussaint-Samat (2009).
101:. Cinnamon is used mainly as an aromatic
4668:"In pictures: Sri Lanka's spice of life"
3935:
3933:
3280:International Journal of Food Properties
2839:. Findarticles.com. 1984. Archived from
2630:. Harvard University Press. p. 14.
1980:cinnamon at 50 kg body weight (bw)
1924:
1861:." Citing the Cochrane review, the U.S.
1144:, both of which are soaked in honey. In
890:
706:
205:(Indonesian cinnamon or Padang cassia),
32:This is an accepted version of this page
4140:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2864:"Discovery: Sailing the Cinnamon Route"
2570:Herodotus, Book 3, sections 3.107-113.
2154:
2135:
2034:
271:word, which was similar to the related
28:
4464:
4462:
3137:Official Journal of the European Union
3090:. AVI Sourcebook and Handbook Series.
2978:from the original on 13 September 2023
2784:from the original on 26 September 2023
2472:from the original on 26 September 2023
1826:Cinnamon has a long history of use in
1790:Cinnamon constituents include some 80
1771:The pungent taste and scent come from
230:, led by China with 43% of the total.
211:(Chinese cinnamon or Chinese cassia),
6081:CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile)
3756:Federal Institute for Risk Assessment
3318:. ConsumerLab.com. 11 December 2020.
3316:"Tests Suggest Caution With Cinnamon"
3216:"A Modern Herbal – Cassia (Cinnamon)"
3092:Springer Science & Business Media
2271:from the original on 12 November 2016
2115:adjective meaning 'cinnamon-coloured'
425:onward, Ancient Egyptian recipes for
290:The name "cassia", first recorded in
7:
3918:from the original on 19 January 2018
3322:from the original on 7 February 2022
2811:from the original on 5 February 2009
2160:
2158:
2012:has only trace amounts of coumarin.
1056:bark contained 12-143 mg/kg of
566:out at the edge of the world (i.e.,
506:, the wage of fifty months' labour.
447:in the 7th century BC. According to
358:Cinnamon has been known from remote
7653:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
6769:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
6509:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
4427:Russell, Helen (20 December 2013).
4193:Complementary Therapies in Medicine
3904:Willard, Haley (16 December 2013).
3729:from the original on 9 October 2020
2653:repeated the tale in a treatise of
2512:from the original on 6 January 2018
2172:from the original on 18 August 2023
1802:Cinnamon is used as a flavoring in
1148:, cinnamon features in dishes like
1126:Cinnamon is a common ingredient in
675:In 1767, Lord Brown of the British
307:
296:
277:
4499:from the original on 2 August 2014
4299:from the original on 28 April 2019
3451:from the original on 27 March 2024
3349:. Reaktion Books. pp. 10–12.
3226:from the original on 15 April 2017
3084:Heath, Henry B. (September 1981).
2708:An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome
2454:Journal for the History of Science
2203:from the original on 16 March 2019
1966:12.18 mg/g (He et al., 2005)
1748:it in sea water, and then quickly
1677:Ground cinnamon is 11% water, 81%
1115:, and in Christmas drinks such as
492:(327 grams ) of cassia, cinnamon (
169:Close-up view of raw cinnamon bark
57:
4242:from the original on 25 June 2021
3957:from the original on 1 March 2017
3765:from the original on 7 March 2022
3417:from the original on 3 April 2019
3144:from the original on 15 July 2020
2124:List of culinary herbs and spices
1716:, left) and Indonesian cinnamon (
596:Athar al-bilad wa-akhbar al-'ibad
514:from 301 AD gives a price of 125
4447:from the original on 26 May 2024
4379:from the original on 10 May 2007
4135:"Cinnamon for diabetes mellitus"
3255:from the original on 26 May 2024
3108:from the original on 26 May 2024
2668:Ceylon: an account of the island
2402:
2083:
2071:Red Hots, a cinnamon-based candy
2061:
2049:
2037:
1917:. Based on this assessment, the
1099:; a cinnamon and sugar mixture (
968:
950:
932:
914:
703:Leaves from a wild cinnamon tree
574:avoided precision on the topic.
488:According to Pliny the Elder, a
4605:Aleccia, Jonel (8 March 2024).
3499:from the original on 9 May 2024
2777:Account of the Island of Ceylon
2774:Tennent, James Emerson (1860).
2572:Wheeler, James Talboys (1852).
1818:, a cinnamon brandy in Greece.
1130:across various communities. In
1044:bark can be mixed with cassia (
652:, which was closely related to
5064:Peppercorn (black/green/white)
4490:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.10.014
4153:10.1002/14651858.CD007170.pub2
3545:10.1088/1755-1315/130/1/012049
3035:University of California Press
2734:Toussaint-Samat 2009, p. 437f.
2603:"42, Cinnamomum. Xylocinnamum"
2197:FO: Misc/93/11 – Working Paper
1904:European Food Safety Authority
735:Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
1:
7727:Receptor/signaling modulators
6076:CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO)
4042:The Annals of Family Medicine
3951:National Institutes of Health
3370:Gavin, Paola (19 July 2024).
3293:10.1080/10942912.2018.1437629
2654:
1202:1,035 kJ (247 kcal)
769:bark harvested in Sri Lanka.
432:The first Greek reference to
4633:Food and Drug Administration
4583:Food and Drug Administration
3786:Journal of Natural Medicines
3641:Food Science & Nutrition
3411:US Department of Agriculture
3251:. Vol. 2. p. 390.
2896:The Journal of Roman Studies
2862:Woods, Sean (4 March 2004).
2805:"Cathay and the Way Thither"
2438:Toussaint-Samat 2009, p. 437
2017:Food and Drug Administration
1837:and inconsistent effects on
1806:, such as cinnamon-flavored
1663:Percentages estimated using
439:
255:
249:
109:, sweet and savoury dishes,
7355:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
6263:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
6133:Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid
5961:15-Deoxy-Δ-prostaglandin J2
4876:Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)
4408:(10): 793. 7 October 2008.
3341:Czarra, Fred (1 May 2009).
2687:. Vol. 3. London, UK:
2360:Online Etymology Dictionary
2318:Online Etymology Dictionary
1812:
1710:Quills of Ceylon cinnamon (
603:in a letter of about 1292.
595:
312:
301:
283:
7807:
7776:Non-timber forest products
4334:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.03.013
4282:10.1016/j.jacl.2017.08.004
4206:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.01.002
4107:10.1016/j.clnu.2012.04.003
4001:10.1016/j.jand.2016.07.015
3593:10.1038/s41598-021-85375-3
3407:"Spices, cinnamon, ground"
3245:Pereira, Jonathan (1854).
2657:1310 prepared for emperor
1884:
1810:in the United States, and
1766:Cinnamon oil macroemulsion
895:Cinnamon production – 2021
858:
618:traders from Italy held a
434:
243:
61:
7720:
4798:Coriander leaf / Cilantro
4708:Culinary herbs and spices
3849:10.1080/10408391003699550
3798:10.1007/s11418-009-0326-8
3140:. L (Legislation) (279).
2948:10.1017/S0020743800027276
2579:. H. G. Bohn. p. 110
2377:Oxford English Dictionary
2335:Oxford English Dictionary
2293:Oxford English Dictionary
1936:
1929:
1927:
1756:Cinnamon oil nanoemulsion
1662:
1650:
1646:
1618:
1610:
1494:
1490:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1314:
1290:
1286:
1262:
1258:
1206:
996:
893:
610:to East Africa (see also
137:and principal component,
68:Cinnamon (disambiguation)
6340:Umbellularia californica
5696:Montreal steak seasoning
3723:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
3345:Spices: A Global History
2930:Hess, Andrew C. (1973).
2681:Pliny the Elder (1855).
2624:Pliny the Elder (1938).
2496:Encyclopaedia Britannica
2191:Iqbal, Mohammed (1993).
1783:, and, by reaction with
1734:Flavour, aroma and taste
836:) and Chinese cinnamon (
670:Dutch East India Company
253:, later κίνναμον :
39:latest accepted revision
7310:N-Arachidonoyl dopamine
7092:Andrographis paniculata
4414:10.2903/j.efsa.2008.793
3885:(TOXNET). 6 August 2002
3883:Toxicology Data Network
3758:(BfR). 18 August 2006.
3536:2018E&ES..130a2049W
2609:. Vol. 3. London:
2425:Encyclopædia Britannica
2382:Oxford University Press
2340:Oxford University Press
2298:Oxford University Press
1960:mg coumarin/g cinnamon
1895:A systematic review of
1822:Health-related research
1665:US recommendations
1187:Cinnamon, spice, ground
512:Edict on Maximum Prices
316:, "to strip off bark".
7731:Ion channel modulators
7460:Tetrahydrocannabivarin
6955:Tripterygium wilfordii
6321:Tetrahydrocannabiorcol
5652:
3087:Source Book of Flavors
2664:Tennent, James Emerson
2659:Michael IX Palaiologos
2044:Cinnamon-flavoured tea
2015:In March 2024, the US
1908:tolerable daily intake
1723:
1669:the National Academies
1084:
747:Phytophthora cinnamomi
712:
704:
649:Cinnamomum mindanaense
648:
554:accompanied his king,
522:
516:
500:
494:
459:, and were guarded by
443:is found in a poem by
355:
338:
332:
170:
162:
85:
66:. For other uses, see
7288:Lysophosphatidic acid
4373:National Public Radio
1885:Further information:
1709:
1320:Vitamins and minerals
1079:
710:
702:
353:
305:, a form of the verb
223:(Malabar cinnamon).
168:
151:
78:
7668:Pregnenolone sulfate
7489:Euphorbia resinifera
7431:Euphorbia resinifera
7360:Phenylacetylrinvanil
7320:N-Oleoylethanolamide
7268:Homodihydrocapsaicin
6656:Pregnenolone sulfate
6519:Pregnenolone sulfate
6326:Thiopropanal S-oxide
6311:Tetrahydrocannabinol
5999:Allyl isothiocyanate
5547:Beau monde seasoning
4912:Limnophila aromatica
3693:"Ultra-Turrax® T 25"
3409:. FoodData Central,
2689:Taylor & Francis
1828:traditional medicine
1182:Nutrient composition
1160:rempah empat beradik
601:John of Montecorvino
498:), cost up to 1,500
322:also used the names
320:Early Modern English
7573:Cannabigerolic acid
7335:Nordihydrocapsaicin
7296:(acidic conditions)
5671:Jamaican jerk spice
5293:Japanese pricklyash
3585:2021NatSR..11.5911J
3130:(22 October 2010).
3128:European Commission
2712:Johns Hopkins Press
2613:. pp. 137–140.
1775:, about 90% of the
1188:
1040:True cinnamon from
634:Early modern period
591:Zakariya al-Qazwini
29:Page version status
7536:Vernonia tweediana
7115:African blue basil
7087:Bisandrographolide
6673:Steviol glycosides
6626:Hydroxycitronellal
6372:Dehydroligustilide
6192:Angelica acutiloba
6106:Dehydroligustilide
5647:Herbes de Provence
5278:Grains of paradise
5141:Crushed red pepper
4855:Houttuynia cordata
4321:Clinical Nutrition
4094:Clinical Nutrition
3573:Scientific Reports
2868:Independent Online
2374:"canella; canel".
2119:Cinnamon challenge
1792:aromatic compounds
1724:
1624:Other constituents
1085:
845:tincture of iodine
820:(Malabar cinnamon)
713:
705:
677:East India Company
640:Ferdinand Magellan
638:During the 1500s,
564:source of the Nile
556:Louis IX of France
552:Sieur de Joinville
356:
336:, a diminutive of
171:
163:
86:
35:
7791:Sri Lankan spices
7738:
7737:
7716:
7715:
7648:Meclofenamic acid
7454:melegueta peppers
7325:Nonivamide (PAVA)
7061:melegueta peppers
6981:
6980:
6927:
6926:
6839:
6838:
6759:Meclofenamic acid
6682:Stevia rebaudiana
6542:
6541:
6504:Meclofenamic acid
6410:
6409:
6300:melegueta peppers
6273:Phenacyl chloride
6228:N-Methylmaleimide
6218:Methyl salicylate
6163:Hydrogen peroxide
6116:Diallyl disulfide
5978:melegueta peppers
5876:
5875:
5848:Chinese herbology
5726:Pumpkin pie spice
5706:Old Bay Seasoning
5666:Italian seasoning
5612:Five-spice powder
4914:(rice-paddy herb)
4757:Indian bay leaf (
4541:10.1021/jf4005862
4535:(18): 4470–4476.
3995:(11): 1794–1802.
3879:"Oil of cinnamon"
3653:10.1002/fsn3.1946
3647:(12): 6568–6579.
3484:978-0-309-48834-1
3183:10.1021/jf405580c
3177:(12): 2516–2521.
3044:978-0-520-08116-1
2637:978-0-674-99433-1
2554:978-1-4398-1214-3
2505:978-1-59339-292-5
2353:Harper, Douglas.
2311:Harper, Douglas.
2267:(FAOSTAT). 2023.
2228:A history of food
1998:
1997:
1859:diabetes mellitus
1798:Alcohol flavorant
1758:can be made with
1675:
1674:
1614:
1613:
1146:Ashkenazi cuisine
1132:Sephardic cooking
1010:
1009:
1006:
783:Cinnamomum cassia
668:out to sea." The
485:as late as 1310.
475:Arabian Peninsula
423:Ptolemaic Kingdom
403:Cinnamomum cassia
364:Cinnamomum cassia
157:, from Koehler's
131:traditional foods
111:breakfast cereals
16:(Redirected from
7798:
7771:Medicinal plants
7766:Incense material
7583:Cannabigerovarin
7315:N-Oleoyldopamine
7221:Euodia ruticarpa
7187:Dihydrocapsaicin
6994:
6990:
6940:
6936:
6852:
6848:
6596:Cooling Agent 10
6555:
6551:
6423:
6419:
5941:4-Hydroxynonenal
5931:
5927:
5912:
5903:
5896:
5889:
5880:
5657:
5464:Tasmanian pepper
5445:Sichuan pepper (
5400:Pomegranate seed
5214:Dill / Dill seed
5069:Brazilian pepper
5032:Alligator pepper
4786:garlic / Chinese
4702:
4695:
4688:
4679:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4602:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4557:
4551:. Archived from
4524:
4515:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4498:
4475:
4466:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4298:
4276:(6): 1393–1406.
4267:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4186:
4175:
4174:
4164:
4130:
4119:
4118:
4088:
4077:
4076:
4066:
4055:10.1370/afm.1517
4032:
4023:
4022:
4012:
3978:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3937:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3764:
3753:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3719:"Cinnamaldehyde"
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3697:Homogenizers.net
3689:
3683:
3682:
3672:
3632:
3623:
3622:
3612:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3547:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3413:. 1 April 2019.
3403:
3397:
3396:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3348:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3295:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3194:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3027:Braudel, Fernand
3023:
3017:
3016:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2870:. Archived from
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2656:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2584:
2568:
2559:
2558:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2399:
2386:
2385:
2380:(2nd ed.).
2371:
2365:
2364:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2338:(2nd ed.).
2329:
2323:
2322:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2296:(2nd ed.).
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2257:
2246:
2245:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2162:
2143:
2140:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2065:
2053:
2041:
1989:714.3 g/bw
1969:0.007 mg/g
1963:0.085 mg/g
1925:
1817:
1804:cinnamon liqueur
1713:Cinnamomum verum
1641:
1514:
1439:
1423:
1406:
1389:
1372:
1356:Vitamin A equiv.
1349:
1316:
1308:
1280:
1253:
1239:
1224:
1189:
997:
974:
972:
971:
956:
954:
953:
938:
936:
935:
920:
918:
917:
891:
711:Cinnamon flowers
651:
598:
558:to Egypt on the
525:
519:
505:
497:
442:
437:
436:
382:Cinnamomum verum
341:
335:
315:
310:
309:
304:
299:
298:
292:late Old English
286:
280:
279:
258:
252:
246:
245:
188:Cinnamomum verum
159:Medicinal-Plants
154:Cinnamomum verum
82:Cinnamomum verum
47:5 September 2024
21:
7806:
7805:
7801:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7796:
7795:
7741:
7740:
7739:
7734:
7712:
7703:Tolfenamic acid
7623:Flufenamic acid
7519:
7426:Resiniferatoxin
7419:Ruta graveolens
7182:Diacyl glycerol
6977:
6961:
6923:
6919:
6899:
6885:
6835:
6821:Tolfenamic acid
6814:Ruta graveolens
6754:Flufenamic acid
6717:
6666:Ruta graveolens
6577:(intracellular)
6538:
6534:Tolfenamic acid
6489:Flufenamic acid
6467:
6443:Diacyl glycerol
6406:
6350:
6036:Cannabichromene
5946:4-Oxo-2-nonenal
5918:
5907:
5877:
5872:
5836:
5795:
5771:Tandoori masala
5518:
5395:Peruvian pepper
5283:Grains of Selim
5268:Aromatic ginger
5201:Bunium persicum
5008:
4709:
4706:
4664:
4654:
4652:Further reading
4649:
4639:
4637:
4636:. 16 April 2024
4626:
4625:
4621:
4611:
4609:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4589:
4587:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4522:
4517:
4516:
4512:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4460:
4450:
4448:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4382:
4380:
4363:Harris, Emily.
4362:
4361:
4357:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4265:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4245:
4243:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4188:
4187:
4178:
4147:(9): CD007170.
4132:
4131:
4122:
4090:
4089:
4080:
4034:
4033:
4026:
3980:
3979:
3970:
3960:
3958:
3939:
3938:
3931:
3921:
3919:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3886:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3699:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3634:
3633:
3626:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3485:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3454:
3452:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3376:Tablet Magazine
3369:
3368:
3364:
3357:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3325:
3323:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3147:
3145:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3102:
3094:. p. 233.
3083:
3082:
3078:
3068:
3066:
3065:on 1 March 2017
3057:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3033:. Vol. 3.
3025:
3024:
3020:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2874:on 8 April 2005
2861:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2754:"Mishneh Torah"
2752:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2722:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2684:Natural History
2680:
2679:
2675:
2662:
2649:
2645:
2638:
2627:Natural History
2623:
2622:
2618:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2582:
2580:
2571:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2547:. p. 121.
2536:
2535:
2528:
2515:
2513:
2506:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2418:, ed. (1911). "
2414:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2389:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2259:
2258:
2249:
2239:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2072:
2066:
2057:
2054:
2045:
2042:
2033:
1983:58.8 g/bw
1893:
1883:
1875:HDL-cholesterol
1871:LDL-cholesterol
1847:quality of life
1824:
1800:
1736:
1704:
1699:
1697:Characteristics
1681:(including 53%
1658:
1651:
1639:
1605:
1592:
1579:
1566:
1553:
1540:
1527:
1515:
1485:
1472:
1459:
1446:
1437:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1404:
1396:
1387:
1379:
1370:
1362:
1350:
1321:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1251:
1237:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1184:
1162:) essential in
1121:Persian cuisine
1109:Turkish cuisine
1074:
1066:ConsumerLab.com
1054:Ceylon cinnamon
1038:
969:
967:
951:
949:
933:
931:
915:
913:
889:
863:
857:
849:test for starch
802:Saigon cinnamon
775:
763:sulphur dioxide
715:Cinnamon is an
697:
636:
560:Seventh Crusade
540:
471:Pliny the Elder
461:winged serpents
412:Saigon cinnamon
348:
265:medieval French
236:
191:(alternatively
71:
60:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7804:
7802:
7794:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7743:
7742:
7736:
7735:
7721:
7718:
7717:
7714:
7713:
7711:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7590:
7580:
7570:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7527:
7525:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7517:
7512:
7502:
7497:
7481:
7467:
7457:
7439:
7423:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7393:Dorrigo pepper
7386:
7372:
7365:Phorbol esters
7362:
7357:
7352:
7342:
7332:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7297:
7290:
7285:
7275:
7265:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7225:
7213:
7199:
7194:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7152:
7142:
7135:Cannabidivarin
7132:
7122:
7103:camphor laurel
7096:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7064:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7000:
6998:
6991:
6983:
6982:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6975:
6969:
6967:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6959:
6946:
6944:
6937:
6929:
6928:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6917:
6913:
6907:
6905:
6901:
6900:
6898:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6883:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6858:
6856:
6849:
6841:
6840:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6771:
6766:
6764:Mefenamic acid
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6725:
6723:
6719:
6718:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6686:
6670:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6572:
6567:
6561:
6559:
6552:
6544:
6543:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6468:
6466:
6465:
6460:
6457:St John's wort
6450:
6445:
6440:
6437:St John's wort
6429:
6427:
6420:
6412:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6384:
6379:
6369:
6364:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6343:
6333:
6323:
6318:
6308:
6303:
6285:
6282:Dorrigo pepper
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6250:
6240:
6230:
6225:
6215:
6210:
6203:Sichuan pepper
6196:
6180:
6175:
6173:Isothiocyanate
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6118:
6113:
6103:
6093:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6066:Cinnamaldehyde
6063:
6053:
6043:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
5996:
5986:
5981:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5937:
5935:
5928:
5920:
5919:
5908:
5906:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5883:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5844:
5842:
5841:Related topics
5838:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5809:
5803:
5801:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5701:Mulling spices
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5577:Cinnamon sugar
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5528:
5526:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5489:Voatsiperifery
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5248:
5238:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5197:
5194:Nigella sativa
5185:
5180:
5178:Coriander seed
5175:
5170:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5018:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4805:
4795:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4754:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4727:
4719:
4717:
4711:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4663:
4662:External links
4660:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4619:
4597:
4586:. 6 March 2024
4569:
4510:
4458:
4419:
4390:
4355:
4328:(2): 594–602.
4310:
4270:J Clin Lipidol
4253:
4227:
4176:
4120:
4101:(5): 609–615.
4078:
4049:(5): 452–459.
4024:
3968:
3929:
3911:The Daily Meal
3896:
3870:
3827:
3792:(3): 261–266.
3776:
3740:
3709:
3684:
3624:
3559:
3510:
3483:
3462:
3428:
3398:
3381:
3362:
3355:
3333:
3307:
3266:
3237:
3206:
3155:
3119:
3100:
3076:
3050:
3043:
3037:. p. 15.
3018:
3007:(4): 190–194.
2989:
2922:
2909:10.2307/299440
2885:
2854:
2843:on 9 July 2012
2836:UNESCO Courier
2822:
2795:
2766:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2721:978-0374928483
2720:
2698:
2673:
2643:
2636:
2616:
2593:
2560:
2553:
2543:. Boca Raton:
2526:
2504:
2483:
2440:
2431:
2416:Chisholm, Hugh
2387:
2366:
2345:
2324:
2303:
2282:
2247:
2238:978-1405181198
2237:
2214:
2183:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2067:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2036:
2032:
2029:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1987:
1986:0.4 g/bw
1984:
1981:
1974:
1973:
1972:0.9 mg/g
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1919:European Union
1897:adverse events
1882:
1879:
1855:mortality rate
1839:hemoglobin A1C
1835:plasma glucose
1823:
1820:
1799:
1796:
1773:cinnamaldehyde
1760:polysorbate 80
1735:
1732:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1673:
1672:
1660:
1659:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1302:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1218:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1183:
1180:
1128:Jewish cuisine
1101:cinnamon sugar
1082:cinnamon rolls
1073:
1070:
1037:
1034:
1008:
1007:
1004:United Nations
994:
993:
988:
982:
981:
978:
964:
963:
960:
946:
945:
942:
928:
927:
924:
910:
909:
902:
898:
897:
888:
885:
880:
879:
876:
873:
870:
856:
853:
826:cinnamon rolls
822:
821:
817:C. citriodorum
813:
805:
795:
787:
774:
771:
696:
693:
635:
632:
628:Ottoman Empire
624:Mamluk sultans
539:
536:
532:Poppaea Sabina
465:cinnamon birds
347:
344:
235:
232:
220:C. citriodorum
177:in the family
139:cinnamaldehyde
58:
56:
36:
30:
27:
25:
24:
23:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7803:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7786:Indian spices
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7748:
7746:
7733:
7732:
7728:
7725:
7719:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7683:Ruthenium red
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7663:Niflumic acid
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7598:
7594:
7591:
7588:
7584:
7581:
7578:
7574:
7571:
7568:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7532:
7531:α-Spinasterol
7529:
7528:
7526:
7522:
7516:
7513:
7510:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7495:
7494:
7490:
7485:
7482:
7479:
7475:
7471:
7468:
7465:
7461:
7458:
7455:
7451:
7447:
7443:
7440:
7437:
7436:
7432:
7427:
7424:
7421:
7420:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7394:
7390:
7387:
7384:
7380:
7376:
7373:
7370:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7350:
7346:
7343:
7340:
7336:
7333:
7330:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7305:
7301:
7298:
7295:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7283:
7279:
7276:
7273:
7269:
7266:
7263:
7259:
7258:Homocapsaicin
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7233:
7229:
7226:
7223:
7222:
7217:
7214:
7211:
7207:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7192:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7172:
7171:wild bergamot
7168:
7164:
7160:
7156:
7153:
7150:
7146:
7143:
7140:
7136:
7133:
7130:
7126:
7123:
7120:
7119:camphor basil
7116:
7112:
7108:
7104:
7100:
7097:
7094:
7093:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7072:
7068:
7065:
7062:
7058:
7054:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6995:
6992:
6989:
6984:
6974:
6973:Ruthenium red
6971:
6970:
6968:
6964:
6957:
6956:
6951:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6941:
6938:
6935:
6930:
6920:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6902:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6853:
6850:
6847:
6842:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6816:
6815:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6804:Ruthenium red
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6784:Niflumic acid
6782:
6779:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6724:
6720:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:; indirectly)
6703:
6699:
6695:
6691:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6678:
6674:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6646:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6611:Frescolat MGA
6609:
6606:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6545:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6514:Niflumic acid
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6464:
6461:
6458:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6438:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6424:
6421:
6418:
6413:
6403:
6402:Ruthenium red
6400:
6398:
6395:
6392:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6377:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6357:
6353:
6347:
6344:
6341:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6316:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6301:
6297:
6293:
6289:
6286:
6283:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6254:
6251:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6213:Methylglyoxal
6211:
6208:
6204:
6200:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6188:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6148:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6111:
6107:
6104:
6101:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6087:
6086:Cuminaldehyde
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6051:
6047:
6044:
6041:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6016:
6012:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5997:
5994:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5929:
5926:
5921:
5917:
5914:
5904:
5899:
5897:
5892:
5890:
5885:
5884:
5881:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5839:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5798:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5741:Ras el hanout
5739:
5737:
5736:Quatre épices
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5676:Khmeli suneli
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5622:Garlic powder
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5557:Bouquet garni
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5323:Litsea cubeba
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5298:Juniper berry
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5101:Celery powder
5099:
5097:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4907:
4906:Lemon verbena
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4813:
4811:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4703:
4698:
4696:
4691:
4689:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4620:
4608:
4601:
4598:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4570:
4558:on 5 May 2015
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3843:(6): 547–62.
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3530:(1): 012049.
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2651:Manuel Philes
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2611:Henry G. Bohn
2608:
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2070:
2064:
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2047:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2025:lead chromate
2022:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1994:
1993:5.6 g/bw
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1948:
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1926:
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1905:
1902:In 2008, the
1900:
1898:
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1777:essential oil
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1696:
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1683:dietary fiber
1680:
1679:carbohydrates
1670:
1666:
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1649:
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1441:
1433:
1426:
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1410:
1408:
1400:
1393:
1391:
1386:Riboflavin (B
1383:
1376:
1374:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1348:
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1215:
1214:Carbohydrates
1209:
1205:
1201:
1199:
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1190:
1181:
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1173:
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1164:Malay cuisine
1161:
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723:
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709:
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694:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
662:
661:manufactories
657:
655:
654:C. zeylanicum
650:
645:
641:
633:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
604:
602:
597:
592:
588:
587:Mishneh Torah
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
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561:
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553:
549:
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387:
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379:
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373:
369:
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361:
354:Cinnamon tree
352:
345:
343:
340:
334:
329:
325:
321:
317:
314:
303:
293:
288:
285:
274:
270:
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257:
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241:
240:Ancient Greek
233:
231:
229:
224:
222:
221:
216:
215:
210:
209:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:C. zeylanicum
190:
189:
184:
181:. Only a few
180:
176:
167:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
144:
140:
136:
135:essential oil
132:
128:
127:hot chocolate
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
84:
83:
77:
73:
69:
65:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
7723:
7722:
7563:Cannabigerol
7534:
7487:
7429:
7417:
7379:black pepper
7339:chili pepper
7272:chili pepper
7262:chili pepper
7253:Hepoxilin B3
7248:Hepoxilin A3
7219:
7191:chili pepper
7149:chili pepper
7090:
6953:
6812:
6739:Clotrimazole
6680:
6664:
6616:Frescolat ML
6524:Progesterone
6433:Adhyperforin
6346:WIN 55,212-2
6339:
6190:
6158:Hepoxilin B3
6153:Hepoxilin A3
6124:
6069:
6056:Cannabigerol
5721:Powder-douce
5711:Panch phoron
5681:Lemon pepper
5617:Garam masala
5607:Fines herbes
5587:Curry powder
5567:Chaat masala
5446:
5425:Sarsaparilla
5385:Onion powder
5333:Mango-ginger
5199:
5192:
5167:
5126:Chili powder
4911:
4901:Lemon myrtle
4858:
4854:
4809:
4808:Vietnamese (
4758:
4722:
4638:. Retrieved
4631:
4622:
4610:. Retrieved
4600:
4588:. Retrieved
4581:
4572:
4560:. Retrieved
4553:the original
4532:
4526:
4513:
4501:. Retrieved
4481:
4478:Food Control
4477:
4449:. Retrieved
4433:The Guardian
4432:
4422:
4405:
4401:EFSA Journal
4399:
4393:
4381:. Retrieved
4368:
4358:
4325:
4319:
4313:
4301:. Retrieved
4273:
4269:
4256:
4244:. Retrieved
4230:
4197:
4191:
4144:
4138:
4098:
4092:
4046:
4040:
3992:
3986:
3959:. Retrieved
3944:
3920:. Retrieved
3909:
3899:
3887:. Retrieved
3873:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3767:. Retrieved
3743:
3731:. Retrieved
3722:
3712:
3700:. Retrieved
3696:
3687:
3644:
3640:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3527:
3523:
3513:
3501:. Retrieved
3473:
3465:
3453:. Retrieved
3444:
3431:
3419:. Retrieved
3401:
3395:. p. 9.
3390:
3384:
3375:
3365:
3344:
3336:
3324:. Retrieved
3310:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3257:. Retrieved
3247:
3240:
3228:. Retrieved
3219:
3209:
3174:
3168:
3158:
3146:. Retrieved
3135:
3122:
3110:. Retrieved
3086:
3079:
3067:. Retrieved
3063:the original
3053:
3030:
3021:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2980:. Retrieved
2942:(1): 55–76.
2939:
2935:
2925:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2872:the original
2867:
2857:
2845:. Retrieved
2841:the original
2834:
2825:
2813:. Retrieved
2798:
2786:. Retrieved
2776:
2769:
2757:. Retrieved
2748:
2739:
2730:
2707:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2676:
2667:
2646:
2626:
2619:
2606:
2596:
2588:
2581:. Retrieved
2574:
2539:
2521:
2514:. Retrieved
2495:
2486:
2474:. Retrieved
2460:(1): 37–51.
2457:
2453:
2443:
2434:
2423:
2375:
2369:
2358:
2348:
2333:
2327:
2316:
2306:
2291:
2290:"cinnamon".
2285:
2273:. Retrieved
2242:
2227:
2205:. Retrieved
2196:
2186:
2174:. Retrieved
2138:
2106:
2098:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1992:
1937:
1930:
1915:polymorphism
1901:
1894:
1868:
1832:
1825:
1801:
1789:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1755:
1754:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1725:
1717:
1711:
1676:
1628:
1623:
1511:
1506:
1499:
1346:
1341:
1334:
1296:
1268:
1212:
1159:
1154:
1141:
1136:
1125:
1086:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1011:
990:
985:
894:
881:
864:
861:Food grading
842:
837:
834:C. loureiroi
833:
830:
823:
815:
807:
798:C. loureiroi
797:
789:
781:
776:
766:
756:
752:
745:
744:species and
739:
733:
725:
721:
714:
687:district of
681:Anjarakkandy
674:
658:
653:
637:
605:
576:
542:Through the
541:
487:
469:
431:
416:
401:
381:
380:
363:
357:
327:
323:
318:
289:
237:
225:
218:
214:C. loureiroi
212:
206:
200:
192:
186:
182:
174:
172:
158:
152:
96:
88:
87:
80:
72:
46:
37:This is the
31:
7756:Antifungals
7698:Tivanisiran
7603:Capsazepine
7515:Zucapsaicin
7383:long pepper
7349:Pacific yew
7238:GSK1016790A
7125:Cannabidiol
7111:camphorweed
6799:RQ-00203078
6794:PF-05105679
6734:Capsazepine
6499:GSK2293017A
6463:Substance P
6448:GSK1702934A
6397:PF-04745637
6336:Umbellulone
6257:Pacific yew
6243:Oleocanthal
6222:wintergreen
6183:Ligustilide
6046:Cannabidiol
6011:horseradish
5820:Bangladeshi
5751:Sharena sol
5746:Recado rojo
5731:Qâlat daqqa
5691:Mixed spice
5627:Garlic salt
5592:Doubanjiang
5328:Long pepper
5288:Horseradish
5106:Celery seed
4979:Sanshō leaf
4896:Lemon grass
4484:: 198–203.
4451:26 November
4303:27 November
3961:28 February
3889:29 November
3579:(1): 5911.
3372:"Old Spice"
3214:Grieve, M.
3069:28 February
2903:: 222–224.
2207:12 November
2091:Food portal
2069:Ferrara Pan
1719:C. burmanni
1369:Thiamine (B
1166:aling with
1150:honey cakes
1050:counterfeit
1036:Counterfeit
791:C. burmanni
695:Cultivation
646:, he found
644:Philippines
544:Middle Ages
538:Middle Ages
490:Roman pound
479:trade winds
421:. From the
376:spice trade
202:C. burmanni
115:snack foods
7761:Cinnamomum
7745:Categories
7593:Cannabinol
7493:pooissonii
7484:Tinyatoxin
7435:pooissonii
7399:Probenecid
7389:Polygodial
7345:Paclitaxel
7329:PAVA spray
7216:Evodiamine
7167:pepperwort
7082:Anandamide
7049:α-Sanshool
6997:Activators
6950:Triptolide
6943:Activators
6855:Activators
6831:TRPM4-IN-5
6749:Elismetrep
6677:stevioside
6605:eucalyptus
6601:Eucalyptol
6565:ADP-ribose
6558:Activators
6494:GSK417651A
6453:Hyperforin
6426:Activators
6306:Tear gases
6278:Polygodial
6268:PF-4840154
6253:Paclitaxel
6121:Dicentrine
6031:Bradykinin
5966:α-Sanshool
5934:Activators
5916:modulators
5858:Marination
5853:Herbal tea
5815:Australian
5811:By region
5786:Yuzu koshō
5776:Thuna paha
5716:Persillade
5469:Tonka bean
5405:Poppy seed
5313:Dried lime
5236:Fingerroot
5151:New Mexico
5059:Asafoetida
4891:Lemon balm
4849:Hoja santa
4829:Curry leaf
4503:9 December
4236:"Cinnamon"
4200:: 92–101.
3941:"Cinnamon"
3733:18 October
3326:7 February
3059:"Cinnamon"
2788:8 November
2492:"Cinnamon"
2332:"cassia".
2313:"cinnamon"
2150:References
2108:Cinnamomea
1750:distilling
1746:macerating
1560:Phosphorus
1172:star anise
1137:tishpishti
1105:Portuguese
887:Production
859:See also:
759:fumigation
583:Maimonides
572:Marco Polo
534:in AD 65.
508:Diocletian
495:serichatum
394:Bangladesh
269:Phoenician
250:kinnámōmon
244:κιννάμωμον
183:Cinnamomum
175:Cinnamomum
98:Cinnamomum
64:Cinnamomum
7724:See also:
7708:TRPV3-74a
7693:SB-705498
7688:SB-366791
7638:Lanthanum
7633:HC-067047
7553:Asivatrep
7414:Rutamarin
7278:Incensole
7228:Gingerols
7197:Estradiol
7173:, others)
7155:Carvacrol
7145:Capsaicin
7039:13-oxoODE
7029:12S-HpETE
7009:5',6'-EET
6809:Rutamarin
6708:Thio-BCTC
6661:Rutamarin
6591:Coolact P
6382:HC-030031
6247:olive oil
6143:Gingerols
5956:12S-HpETE
5868:Spice rub
5863:Seasoning
5830:Pakistani
5661:Idli podi
5632:Gochujang
5582:Crab boil
5499:Yuzu zest
5430:Sassafras
5318:Liquorice
5224:Fenugreek
5161:Cultivars
4441:0261-3077
3806:1861-0293
3717:PubChem.
3661:2048-7177
3601:2045-2322
3554:103168750
3302:104289832
3286:: 50–57.
3259:6 October
3112:9 January
2972:162219690
2956:0020-7438
2878:18 August
2847:18 August
2583:9 January
2545:CRC Press
2466:1735-0573
2113:Neo-Latin
2006:C. cassia
2002:C. cassia
1932:C. cassia
1851:morbidity
1573:Potassium
1547:Magnesium
1479:Vitamin K
1466:Vitamin E
1453:Vitamin C
1436:Folate (B
1420:Vitamin B
1403:Niacin (B
1089:chocolate
1080:Uncooked
1072:Food uses
1046:C. cassia
1030:Sri Lanka
1022:Indonesia
976:Sri Lanka
940:Indonesia
838:C. cassia
730:coppicing
717:evergreen
483:Byzantium
449:Herodotus
390:Sri Lanka
360:antiquity
234:Etymology
208:C. cassia
197:Sri Lanka
179:Lauraceae
103:condiment
7751:Cinnamon
7658:NGD-8243
7643:Mavatrep
7628:GRC-6211
7597:cannabis
7587:cannabis
7577:cannabis
7567:cannabis
7548:AMG-9810
7524:Blockers
7505:Vanillin
7500:Tramadol
7464:cannabis
7442:Shogaols
7375:Piperine
7139:cannabis
7129:cannabis
7107:rosemary
7024:12S-HETE
7019:9-oxoODE
6966:Blockers
6916:PI(4,5)P
6904:Blockers
6882:PI(3,5)P
6789:Ononetin
6774:Nicotine
6722:Blockers
6698:fructose
6690:tastants
6636:Linalool
6621:Geraniol
6581:CIM-0216
6472:Blockers
6387:Nicotine
6362:A-967079
6355:Blockers
6315:cannabis
6288:Shogaols
6233:Nicotine
6199:Linalool
6138:Formalin
6100:turmeric
6096:Curcumin
6070:cinnamon
6060:cannabis
6050:cannabis
6040:cannabis
6026:ASP-7663
5984:Acrolein
5807:Culinary
5781:Vadouvan
5756:Shichimi
5654:Húng lìu
5474:Turmeric
5459:Tamarind
5308:Korarima
5241:Galangal
5209:Deulkkae
5168:Cinnamon
5146:Jalapeño
5136:Chipotle
5084:Cardamom
5037:Allspice
5004:Woodruff
4994:Tarragon
4959:Rosemary
4924:Marjoram
4886:Lavender
4881:Kkaennip
4819:Culantro
4803:Bolivian
4752:Bay leaf
4724:Angelica
4672:BBC News
4562:13 April
4549:23627682
4494:Archived
4445:Archived
4377:Archived
4342:29661513
4294:Archived
4290:28887086
4240:Archived
4222:81727505
4214:30935562
4171:22972104
4115:22579946
4073:24019277
4019:27618575
3955:Archived
3953:. 2016.
3922:17 April
3916:Archived
3865:34530542
3857:21929331
3814:19291358
3760:Archived
3727:Archived
3679:33312541
3619:33723345
3497:Archived
3493:30844154
3455:28 March
3449:Archived
3439:(2024).
3421:3 August
3415:Archived
3392:The Star
3320:Archived
3253:Archived
3230:17 April
3224:Archived
3201:24628250
3142:Archived
3106:Archived
3029:(1984).
3013:29791158
2976:Archived
2809:Archived
2782:Archived
2666:(1860).
2516:17 April
2510:Archived
2498:. 2008.
2470:Archived
2420:Cinnamon
2355:"cassia"
2269:Archived
2201:Archived
2170:Archived
2077:See also
2010:C. verum
1939:C. verum
1887:Coumarin
1881:Toxicity
1843:Cochrane
1814:rakomelo
1722:, right)
1657:Database
1653:Source:
1629:Quantity
1507:Quantity
1501:Minerals
1342:Quantity
1336:Vitamins
1176:cardamom
1142:travados
1113:pickling
1062:phenolic
1058:coumarin
1042:C. verum
998:Source:
901:Country
809:C. verum
767:C. verum
741:Diplodia
726:shinamon
626:and the
620:monopoly
616:Venetian
608:Moluccas
568:Ethiopia
457:labdanum
333:cannella
302:qetsīʿāh
284:qinnāmōn
256:kínnamon
107:cuisines
89:Cinnamon
43:reviewed
18:Cinammon
7678:RN-9893
7673:RN-1734
7543:AMG-517
7509:vanilla
7478:oregano
7450:Sichuan
7428:(RTX) (
7404:Protons
7367:(e.g.,
7300:Menthol
7282:incense
7202:Eugenol
7159:oregano
7099:Camphor
7067:Allicin
7057:Sichuan
7044:20-HETE
7034:13-HODE
6877:ML2-SA1
6778:tobacco
6729:AMG-333
6702:sucrose
6694:glucose
6692:(e.g.,
6675:(e.g.,
6641:Menthol
6575:Calcium
6391:tobacco
6367:AM-0902
6296:Sichuan
6237:tobacco
6126:Lindera
6003:mustard
5989:Allicin
5974:Sichuan
5951:4,5-EET
5913:channel
5791:Za'atar
5686:Mitmita
5637:Harissa
5552:Berbere
5542:Baharat
5509:Zereshk
5504:Zedoary
5484:Vanilla
5447:huājiāo
5420:Saffron
5410:Radhuni
5390:Paprika
5375:Njangsa
5370:Nigella
5348:Mustard
5246:greater
5156:Tabasco
5131:Cayenne
5111:Charoli
5079:Caraway
5074:Camphor
5042:Amchoor
4954:Perilla
4949:Parsley
4944:Oregano
4939:Mitsuba
4934:Mugwort
4859:giấp cá
4839:Epazote
4810:rau răm
4776:Chervil
4369:NPR.org
4350:4942968
4246:20 June
4162:6486047
4064:3767714
4010:5085873
3822:9792599
3670:7723223
3610:7971021
3581:Bibcode
3532:Bibcode
3503:21 June
3192:3983393
3148:13 July
2815:15 July
2759:13 July
2413::
2384:. 1989.
2342:. 1989.
2300:. 1989.
2176:10 July
2100:Canella
2031:Gallery
1808:whiskey
1781:styrene
1728:blender
1702:Texture
1689:and 1%
1687:protein
1528:1002 mg
1521:Calcium
1486:31.2 μg
1430:0.16 mg
1414:1.33 mg
1397:0.04 mg
1380:0.02 mg
1298:Protein
1093:cereals
1026:Vietnam
1002:of the
1000:FAOSTAT
991:226,753
980:23,729
962:45,680
958:Vietnam
944:56,664
926:96,554
855:Grading
773:Species
683:in the
666:leagues
581:was in
548:Red Sea
523:denarii
517:denarii
502:denarii
419:mummies
408:Vietnam
398:Myanmar
372:Miletus
346:History
328:canella
259:), via
143:eugenol
7781:Spices
7618:DHEA-S
7470:Thymol
7446:ginger
7369:4α-PDD
7232:ginger
7071:garlic
7053:ginger
7014:9-HODE
6911:ML-SI3
6872:ML-SA1
6867:MK6-83
6688:Sweet
6651:PMD 38
6631:Icilin
6484:DHEA-S
6376:celery
6292:ginger
6187:celery
6178:JT-010
6168:Icilin
6147:ginger
6110:celery
6015:wasabi
6007:radish
5993:garlic
5970:ginger
5825:Indian
5642:Hawaij
5597:Douchi
5572:Chaunk
5537:Advieh
5532:Adjika
5524:Blends
5494:Wasabi
5435:Sesame
5380:Nutmeg
5343:Mahleb
5338:Mastic
5273:Golpar
5263:Ginger
5258:Garlic
5251:lesser
5219:Fennel
5116:Chenpi
5096:Cassia
5027:Ajwain
5022:Aonori
5014:Spices
4989:Sorrel
4974:Savory
4919:Lovage
4866:Hyssop
4793:Cicely
4781:Chives
4771:Borage
4759:tejpat
4640:27 May
4612:27 May
4590:27 May
4547:
4439:
4348:
4340:
4288:
4220:
4212:
4169:
4159:
4113:
4071:
4061:
4017:
4007:
3863:
3855:
3820:
3812:
3804:
3769:20 May
3702:19 May
3677:
3667:
3659:
3617:
3607:
3599:
3552:
3491:
3481:
3353:
3300:
3199:
3189:
3098:
3041:
3011:
2982:6 June
2970:
2964:162225
2962:
2954:
2917:299440
2915:
2718:
2634:
2551:
2502:
2476:7 June
2464:
2407:
2275:19 May
2235:
1912:CYP2A6
1785:oxygen
1685:), 4%
1640:
1606:1.8 mg
1586:Sodium
1580:431 mg
1541:8.3 mg
1473:2.3 mg
1460:3.8 mg
1307:
1279:
1252:
1238:
1232:Sugars
1223:
1198:Energy
1155:kugels
1152:, and
1117:eggnog
1097:apples
1028:, and
1014:tonnes
973:
955:
937:
919:
906:tonnes
689:Kerala
685:Kannur
612:Rhapta
445:Sappho
368:Apollo
313:qātsaʿ
273:Hebrew
228:tonnes
161:(1887)
119:bagels
7608:DCDPC
7474:thyme
7210:clove
7206:basil
7163:thyme
7077:AM404
7004:2-APB
6890:SF-22
6862:EVP21
6846:TRPML
6744:DCDPC
6713:WS-12
6479:DCDPC
6330:onion
6207:thyme
6129:spp.)
6090:cumin
6021:AM404
5800:Lists
5766:Tajin
5761:Tabil
5602:Duqqa
5562:Buknu
5479:Uzazi
5454:Sumac
5440:Shiso
5363:white
5358:brown
5353:black
5303:Kokum
5188:Cumin
5183:Cubeb
5173:Clove
5121:Chili
5089:black
5047:Anise
4999:Thyme
4984:Shiso
4871:Jimbu
4824:Cress
4766:Boldo
4745:Lemon
4730:Basil
4715:Herbs
4556:(PDF)
4523:(PDF)
4497:(PDF)
4474:(PDF)
4383:1 May
4346:S2CID
4297:(PDF)
4266:(PDF)
4218:S2CID
3861:S2CID
3818:S2CID
3763:(PDF)
3752:(PDF)
3550:S2CID
3298:S2CID
3009:JSTOR
2968:S2CID
2960:JSTOR
2913:JSTOR
2263:. UN
2130:Notes
1635:Water
1593:10 mg
1567:64 mg
1554:60 mg
1363:15 μg
1168:clove
1048:) as
1018:China
986:World
922:China
761:with
722:nikki
579:India
453:myrrh
440:kasía
435:κασία
427:kyphi
386:India
339:canna
324:canel
297:קציעה
278:קנמון
275:word
261:Latin
93:spice
91:is a
7613:DHEA
7558:BCTC
7452:and
7409:RhTx
7304:mint
7292:Low
7243:Heat
7177:DHEA
7059:and
6988:TRPV
6934:TRPP
6895:SN-2
6826:TPPO
6645:mint
6586:Cold
6570:BCTC
6549:TRPM
6529:Pyr3
6417:TRPC
6298:and
5976:and
5925:TRPA
5514:Zest
5415:Rose
5229:blue
5052:star
4969:Sage
4929:Mint
4844:Hemp
4834:Dill
4740:Thai
4735:Holy
4642:2024
4614:2024
4592:2024
4564:2019
4545:PMID
4505:2015
4453:2016
4437:ISSN
4385:2007
4338:PMID
4305:2018
4286:PMID
4248:2021
4210:PMID
4167:PMID
4145:2012
4111:PMID
4069:PMID
4015:PMID
3963:2017
3924:2017
3891:2016
3853:PMID
3810:PMID
3802:ISSN
3771:2022
3735:2019
3704:2023
3675:PMID
3657:ISSN
3615:PMID
3597:ISSN
3505:2024
3489:PMID
3479:ISBN
3457:2024
3423:2022
3351:ISBN
3328:2022
3261:2020
3232:2017
3197:PMID
3150:2020
3114:2019
3096:ISBN
3071:2017
3039:ISBN
2984:2022
2952:ISSN
2880:2010
2849:2010
2817:2008
2790:2014
2761:2024
2716:ISBN
2632:ISBN
2585:2019
2549:ISBN
2518:2017
2500:ISBN
2478:2021
2462:ISSN
2277:2023
2233:ISBN
2209:2012
2178:2022
2111:, a
2021:lead
1955:Max
1952:Min
1949:Max
1946:Min
1891:Lead
1889:and
1655:USDA
1638:10.6
1599:Zinc
1534:Iron
1447:6 μg
1250:53.1
1221:80.6
1174:and
1140:and
1107:and
1060:– a
528:Nero
455:and
396:and
326:and
263:and
129:and
123:teas
6679:) (
5911:TRP
4964:Rue
4537:doi
4486:doi
4410:doi
4330:doi
4278:doi
4202:doi
4157:PMC
4149:doi
4103:doi
4059:PMC
4051:doi
4005:PMC
3997:doi
3993:116
3845:doi
3794:doi
3665:PMC
3649:doi
3605:PMC
3589:doi
3540:doi
3528:130
3445:FDA
3288:doi
3187:PMC
3179:doi
2944:doi
2905:doi
2576:Etc
2422:".
1978:TDI
1873:or
1853:or
1691:fat
1604:16%
1578:14%
1552:14%
1539:46%
1526:77%
1512:%DV
1484:26%
1471:15%
1347:%DV
1277:1.2
1270:Fat
1236:2.2
847:(a
593:'s
585:'s
570:).
510:'s
370:at
308:קצע
287:).
45:on
7747::
7729:•
7476:,
7448:,
7381:,
7294:pH
7208:,
7169:,
7165:,
7161:,
7117:,
7113:,
7109:,
7105:,
7055:,
6700:,
6696:,
6294:,
6205:,
6189:,
6013:,
6009:,
6005:,
5972:,
4670:.
4630:.
4580:.
4543:.
4533:61
4531:.
4525:.
4492:.
4482:38
4480:.
4476:.
4461:^
4443:.
4435:.
4431:.
4404:.
4375:.
4371:.
4367:.
4344:.
4336:.
4326:38
4324:.
4292:.
4284:.
4274:11
4272:.
4268:.
4238:.
4216:.
4208:.
4198:43
4196:.
4179:^
4165:.
4155:.
4143:.
4137:.
4123:^
4109:.
4099:31
4097:.
4081:^
4067:.
4057:.
4047:11
4045:.
4039:.
4027:^
4013:.
4003:.
3991:.
3985:.
3971:^
3949:.
3943:.
3932:^
3914:.
3908:.
3881:.
3859:.
3851:.
3841:51
3839:.
3816:.
3808:.
3800:.
3790:63
3788:.
3754:.
3725:.
3721:.
3695:.
3673:.
3663:.
3655:.
3643:.
3639:.
3627:^
3613:.
3603:.
3595:.
3587:.
3577:11
3575:.
3571:.
3548:.
3538:.
3526:.
3522:.
3495:.
3487:.
3447:.
3443:.
3374:.
3296:.
3284:21
3282:.
3278:.
3222:.
3218:.
3195:.
3185:.
3175:62
3173:.
3167:.
3134:.
3104:.
3003:.
2974:.
2966:.
2958:.
2950:.
2938:.
2934:.
2911:.
2901:60
2899:.
2866:.
2833:.
2807:.
2714:.
2661::
2655:c.
2605:.
2587:.
2563:^
2529:^
2520:.
2508:.
2494:.
2468:.
2456:.
2452:.
2390:^
2357:.
2315:.
2250:^
2241:.
2217:^
2195:.
2168:.
2157:^
2027:.
1849:,
1730:.
1693:.
1591:0%
1565:5%
1458:4%
1445:2%
1428:9%
1412:8%
1395:3%
1378:2%
1361:2%
1178:.
1170:,
1032:.
1024:,
1020:,
1016::
908:)
738:,
410:("
400:.
392:,
388:,
145:.
125:,
121:,
117:,
113:,
41:,
7599:)
7595:(
7589:)
7585:(
7579:)
7575:(
7569:)
7565:(
7539:)
7533:(
7511:)
7507:(
7496:)
7491:/
7486:(
7480:)
7472:(
7466:)
7462:(
7456:)
7444:(
7438:)
7433:/
7422:)
7416:(
7395:)
7391:(
7385:)
7377:(
7371:)
7351:)
7347:(
7341:)
7337:(
7331:)
7327:(
7306:)
7302:(
7284:)
7280:(
7274:)
7270:(
7264:)
7260:(
7234:)
7230:(
7224:)
7218:(
7212:)
7204:(
7193:)
7189:(
7157:(
7151:)
7147:(
7141:)
7137:(
7131:)
7127:(
7121:)
7101:(
7095:)
7089:(
7073:)
7069:(
7063:)
7051:(
6958:)
6952:(
6918:2
6884:2
6817:)
6811:(
6780:)
6776:(
6685:)
6669:)
6663:(
6647:)
6643:(
6607:)
6603:(
6459:)
6455:(
6439:)
6435:(
6393:)
6389:(
6378:)
6374:(
6342:)
6338:(
6332:)
6328:(
6317:)
6313:(
6302:)
6290:(
6284:)
6280:(
6259:)
6255:(
6249:)
6245:(
6239:)
6235:(
6224:)
6220:(
6209:)
6201:(
6195:)
6185:(
6149:)
6145:(
6123:(
6112:)
6108:(
6102:)
6098:(
6092:)
6088:(
6072:)
6068:(
6062:)
6058:(
6052:)
6048:(
6042:)
6038:(
6017:)
6001:(
5995:)
5991:(
5980:)
5968:(
5902:e
5895:t
5888:v
5449:)
4861:)
4857:(
4812:)
4761:)
4701:e
4694:t
4687:v
4674:.
4644:.
4616:.
4594:.
4566:.
4539::
4507:.
4488::
4455:.
4416:.
4412::
4406:6
4387:.
4352:.
4332::
4307:.
4280::
4250:.
4224:.
4204::
4173:.
4151::
4117:.
4105::
4075:.
4053::
4021:.
3999::
3965:.
3926:.
3893:.
3867:.
3847::
3824:.
3796::
3773:.
3737:.
3706:.
3681:.
3651::
3645:8
3621:.
3591::
3583::
3556:.
3542::
3534::
3507:.
3459:.
3425:.
3378:.
3359:.
3330:.
3304:.
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