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In most common-law jurisdictions, the term "claimant" used in
England and Wales since 1999 (see below) is used only in specific, often non-judicial contexts. In particular, in American usage, terms such as "claimant" and "claim form" are limited to extrajudicial process in
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Criminal cases are usually brought by the prosecution, not a plaintiff. The prosecution may bring the case formally in the name of the monarch, state or government. In many
Commonwealth realms, this is the king (or queen, when the monarch is female), named
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came into force on 26 April 1999. The move, which brings
England and Wales out of line with general usage in English-speaking jurisdictions, was reportedly based on an assessment that the word "claimant" is more acceptable as
330:, an American claimant in need of further relief would turn to the courts, file a complaint (thus establishing a real court case under judicial supervision) and become a plaintiff.
388:; or, in the case of a petition, a respondent. Subsequent references to a case may use only one of the names, typically that of the first nongovernmental party.
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by delivery of these documents on the defendant by a process server; they are only filed with the court subsequently with an
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364:, most plaintiffs are called "applicants", but in admiralty and corporations law matters they are called "plaintiffs".
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or defendants with a demand for relief. In other jurisdictions, the action is commenced by service of
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from the process server that they had been given to the defendant according to the rules of
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brings the case against the defendant, but the key complaining party is often called the "
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The similar term "complainant" denotes the complaining witness in a criminal proceeding.
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30:"Pursuer" redirects here. For the comic book character by that name, see
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can be traced to the year 1278, and stems from the Anglo-French word
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584:. Albany, New York: New York State Law Reporting Bureau. 2012
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Case names are usually given with the plaintiff first, as in
384:). The party against whom the complaint is made is the
189:, where a plaintiff has, since the introduction of the
34:. For the Waikymas on the Lithuanian coat of arms, see
424:, the prosecution of a criminal case is captioned as
337:, the term "claimant" replaced "plaintiff" after the
232:, that set forth the alleged wrongs committed by the
173:. If this search is successful, the court will issue
177:in favor of the plaintiff and make the appropriate
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
256:In most English-speaking jurisdictions, including
605:"The Place of 'The People' in Criminal Procedure"
322:. After exhausting remedies available through an
201:, where the party has always been known as the "
568:Federal Court of Australia – Starting a Matter
8:
295:meaning "complaining". It was identical to "
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
428:, followed by the name of the state, or
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581:New York Official Reports Style Manual
408:). In several U.S. states, including
220:, a lawsuit is commenced by filing a
169:. By doing so, the plaintiff seeks a
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302:A plaintiff identified by name in a
69:adding citations to reliable sources
549:from the original on 19 August 2019
354:" and a defendant as a "defender".
268:(except in federal jurisdiction),
27:Party which initiates a court case
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350:a plaintiff is referred to as a "
346:" than the word "plaintiff". In
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228:. These documents are known as
157:) is the party who initiates a
56:needs additional citations for
1:
635:Common law legal terminology
526:UK Civil courts to modernize
406:R against (versus) Defendant
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640:Judicial legal terminology
603:Simonson, Jocelyn (2019).
426:The People of the State of
362:Federal Court of Australia
205:". In criminal cases, the
193:in 1999, been known as a "
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36:Coat of arms of Lithuania
512:Ministry of Justice (UK)
508:"Civil Procedure Rules"
374:Plaintiff v. Defendant
543:Judiciary of Scotland
339:Civil Procedure Rules
276:, as well as in both
191:Civil Procedure Rules
181:(e.g., an order for
65:improve this article
610:Columbia Law Review
282:Republic of Ireland
487:"Etymology Online"
320:administrative law
224:, claim form or a
161:(also known as an
467:Findings of facts
447:Conclusion of law
335:England and Wales
328:government agency
187:England and Wales
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16:(Redirected from
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402:R v Defendant
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368:In case names
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121:December 2007
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63:Please help
58:verification
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442:Brief (law)
432:for short.
252:Terminology
211:complainant
179:court order
165:) before a
80:"Plaintiff"
629:Categories
553:24 January
539:"Glossary"
493:2008-04-24
473:References
410:California
394:the Crown,
378:Plaintiff
207:prosecutor
91:newspapers
457:Defendant
404:(orally,
386:defendant
382:Defendant
376:(orally,
316:insurance
297:plaintive
289:plaintiff
287:The word
266:Australia
258:Hong Kong
242:affidavit
234:defendant
230:pleadings
226:complaint
145:plaintiff
588:April 7,
547:Archived
436:See also
422:New York
418:Michigan
414:Illinois
293:pleintif
280:and the
272:and the
216:In some
199:Scotland
195:claimant
175:judgment
18:Claimant
462:Lawsuit
400:, thus
360:In the
352:pursuer
324:insurer
262:Nigeria
222:summons
203:pursuer
183:damages
159:lawsuit
105:scholar
524:BBC, "
430:People
420:, and
270:Canada
197:" and
163:action
107:
100:
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167:court
112:JSTOR
98:books
617:(1).
590:2023
555:2017
318:and
84:news
615:119
380:and
333:In
326:or
213:".
153:in
67:by
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143:A
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398:R
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119:(
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