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343:
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founding the
Academy was to train technical specialists, to expand the pedagogical corps to support the growing need for professors, as the number of colleges at the time was rapidly increasing, as well as the training of missionaries in order to support their efforts in remote places. With the purpose of the Academy clear, most of what Clavius and his students did in the Academy is unknown. This lack of detailed information has led to most of what Clavius did during his years at the College falling into obscurity.
61:
1025:
432:, a public professor of mathematics, and as the Director of Advanced Instruction and Research at the Academy of Mathematics until 1610 in an official capacity and for two more years until 1612 in an informal role. The Academy existed in an informal capacity for many years before Clavius arrived in Rome in 1561. However, in 1580 in his document titled
361:. The commentary by Clavius was one of the most influential astronomy textbooks of its time and had at least 16 editions between 1570 and 1618, with Clavius himself revising the text seven times and in each case greatly expanding it. In the 1585 edition of his aforementioned commentary he located (independently of
459:
Upon its eventual founding, the
Academy required nomination by the Professor of Mathematics for admission. Clavius taught the advanced course within the Academy, but little is known about his specific teachings and work as a professor during his time at the College. The exact number of students that
455:
His request was eventually denied, but nonetheless he was given the title of
Professor of Mathematics. Clavius made another attempt in 1586 to establish the Academy as an official course at the Collegio Romano, but there was opposition from the philosophers at the College. The Academy remained an
464:
to
Clavius in 1595, it is stated that at that time, Clavius had around ten students. The exact structure of the courses and how they were taught is unclear. There has been no evidence to show whether the students he taught shared classes or the specific material he chose to cover. The purpose for
468:
Clavius and
Galileo Galilei often shared correspondence during his time at the College, discussing proofs and theories. It is likely that while running the Academy, he was also writing to Galileo and sharing his notes from the College's logic course to help Galileo in his endeavors to be able to
472:
Following his death in 1612, informal courses in the
Academy continued at the College. However, due to the lack of mention of mathematicians in the College's catalog after 1615, it appears the Academy's official recognition by the Collegio Romano ended soon after Christopher Clavius's death.
806:
but changeable bodies - albeit less corruptible that the matter here on earth… Whatever it finally turns out to be (and I do not insert my opinion into such matters) it is enough for me at present that the star we are talking about is located in the sphere of the fixed stars.»
801:
Clavius himself acknowledged this in his 1585 commentary: «If it is true then
Aristotle's followers ought to consider how they can defend his opinion about the matter in the heavens. For perhaps it should be said that the heavens are not made of a
439:
The curriculum he proposed contained three different curricula aiming to educate new
Jesuits in mathematics. The curriculum contained three different courses: one year, a two-year, and a three-year. The course material to be covered were
607:
295:. He was ordained in 1564, and 15 years later was assigned to compute the basis for a reformed calendar that would stop the slow process in which the Church's holidays were drifting relative to the seasons of the year. Using the
310:
Within the Jesuit order, Clavius was almost single-handedly responsible for the adoption of a rigorous mathematics curriculum in an age where mathematics was often ridiculed by philosophers as well as fellow
Jesuits like
228:. Clavius would later write defences and an explanation of the reformed calendar, including an emphatic acknowledgement of Lilius' work. In his last years he was probably the most respected astronomer in
377:) and found that the position of the nova was exactly the same for all observers. That meant that it had to be beyond the Moon, and the doctrine that the heavens could not change was proven false.
469:
adequately explain and demonstrate his ideas to others, which is something
Galileo had struggled with in the past, specifically when trying to convince Clavius of his methods.
545:
1132:
1152:
1147:
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1013:, Edizione critica a cura di Ugo Baldini e Pier Daniele Napolitani, 7 volumes, Edizioni del Dipartimento di Matematica dell'UniversitĂ di Pisa, Pisa, 1992
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342:
1162:
1122:
653:
1065:
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852:
1127:
408:; Clavius had by that time accepted the new discoveries as genuine, though he retained doubts about the reality of the mountains on the
677:
730:
303:
and building on the work of Aloysius Lilius, he proposed a calendar reform that was adopted in 1582 in Catholic countries by order of
970:
939:
914:
818:
244:
in either 1538 or 1537. His given name is not known to any great degree of certainty—it is thought by scholars to have perhaps been
986:
1117:
692:"Li Madou" (1552-1610), and his influence for the development of science in China was crucial." Costantino Sigismondi,
1142:
996:
1157:
803:
580:. Cologne, 1627 (Published online by the Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden)
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Clavius described a detailed curriculum for mathematics to have the College officially recognize the Academy.
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and his textbooks were used for astronomical education for over fifty years in and even out of Europe.
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323:(inferring of the truth of a proposition from the inconsistency of its negation) is named after him.
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Clavius wrote a commentary on the most important astronomical textbook of the late Middle Ages,
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31:
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who was a member of the Vatican commission that accepted the proposed calendar invented by
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Between Copernicus and Galileo: Christoph Clavius and the Collapse of Ptolemaic Cosmology
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Between Copernicus and Galileo: Christoph Clavius and the Collapse of Ptolemaic Cosmology
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413:
312:
275:, where it is possible that he had some kind of contact with the famous mathematician
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772:"Christopher Clavius", School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews
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Little is known about Clavius' early life other than the fact that he was born in
404:, who visited him in 1611 and discussed the new observations being made with the
370:
362:
276:
163:
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Corrispondenza Edizione critica a cura di Ugo Baldini e Pier Daniele Napolitani
576:
217:
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Materialsammlung zur Geschichte von Ingolstadt: Rita Haub: Christoph Clavius
449:
167:
1048:
688:"The books of Clavius were translated into Chinese, by one of his students
990:(in German), vol. 4, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 298–299
723:
Infinitesimal: How a Dangerous Mathematical Theory Shaped the Modern World
705:
643:
334:
in 1593 and he was one of the first who used it in this way in the West.
272:
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Clavius' complete mathematical works (5 volumes, Mainz, 1611–1612) are
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122:
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Fabrica et usus instrumenti ad horologiorum descriptionem peropportuni
283:). Following this he went to Italy and studied theology at the Jesuit
704:
The exact year is somewhat unknown and depends on when one assumes a
441:
428:
During his time at Collegio Romano Clavius served as the head of the
229:
1092:
A Web platform for the works and literature of Christophorus Clavius
1005:(in German), vol. 3, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 279
873:
The Sleepwalkers: A History of Man's Changing Vision of the Universe
840:
The Sleepwalkers: A History of Man's Changing Vision of the Universe
693:
630:, located in Clavius crater, in both the novel and film versions of
1028: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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480:
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341:
316:
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of the solar system, in which all the heavens rotate about the
934:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 281–291.
554:
Romani calendarii a Gregorio XIII P.M. restituti explicatio
546:
Romani calendarii a Gregorio XIII P.M. restituti explicatio
539:
Romani calendarii a Gregorio XIII P.M. restituti explicatio
1086:
Historical Archives of the Pontifical Gregorian University
750:
already around 1492 but was much less known than Clavius.
746:
Apparently Francesco Pellos used the decimal point in his
1085:
267:
Clavius joined the Jesuit order in 1555. He attended the
588:. Pisa: Università di Pisa – Dipartimento di Matematica.
541:. Rome, 1603 (An explanation of the Gregorian calendar)
434:
Ordo servandus in addiscendis disciplinis mathematicis,
813:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 151.
252:. There are also some who think that his taken name,
30:"Clavius" redirects here. For the lunar crater, see
843:. Arkana, Penguin. p. 430 (Part V, Chapter 1:
725:. Scientific American / Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
173:
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138:
128:
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67:
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610:The lunar crater Clavius, with peripheral craters.
307:and is now the Gregorian calendar used worldwide.
694:Christopher Clavius astronomer and mathematician
460:Clavius taught is unclear, but in a letter from
347:In Sphaeram Ioannis de Sacro Bosco commentarius
27:German astronomer and mathematician (1538–1612)
380:As an astronomer Clavius held strictly to the
200:(25 March 1538 – 6 February 1612) was a
284:
209:
8:
875:. Penguin. p. 373 (Part IV, Chapter 8,
400:model. He was treated with great respect by
955:Wissenschaftliche Instrumente in ihrer Zeit
907:Jesuit Science and the Republic of Letters
510:(in Latin). Roma: Bartolomeo Grassi. 1586.
456:unofficial curriculum until 1593 or 1594.
59:
38:
756:On the early history of the decimal point
965:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
654:List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics
605:
590:(Critical edition of his correspondence)
486:Refutatio cyclometriae Iosephi Scaligeri
1066:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
670:
789:New Dictionary of Scientific Biography
534:(in Latin). Roma: Luigi Zanetti. 1599.
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
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549:. (European Cultural Heritage Online)
7:
1044:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
957:. Cologne, 2010. pp. 254 – 255.
624:, a lunar crater named after Clavius
420:on the Moon was named in his honor.
1133:German scientific instrument makers
932:The Heritage of the Collegio Romano
678:ENCYCLOPEDIA.COM Clavius, Christoph
412:and said he could not see the four
1153:17th-century German mathematicians
1148:16th-century German mathematicians
1034:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
396:, he recognized problems with the
25:
905:Feingold, Mordechai, ed. (2002).
330:in the goniometric tables of his
1023:
416:through the telescope. Later, a
373:sphere (in the constellation of
208:, head of mathematicians at the
1163:17th-century German astronomers
1123:16th-century German astronomers
1049:Christopher Clavius (1537-1612)
980:Karl Christian Bruhns (1876), "
515:Novi calendarii romani apologia
987:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
1:
909:. MIT Press. pp. 47–54.
760:American Mathematical Monthly
1138:University of Coimbra alumni
1090:Project Clavius On The Web.
531:Horologiorum nova descriptio
260:(German for 'key', which is
1128:16th-century German Jesuits
877:The battle of the satelites
584:Clavius, Christoph (1992).
452:, emphasizing mathematics.
1179:
493:Commentary on Euclid, 1574
29:
961:Lattis, James M. (1994).
930:Wallace, William (1984).
809:Lattis, James M. (1994).
782:James M. Lattis, article
649:List of Jesuit scientists
185:
152:
58:
1094:, CNR-IIT, CNR-ILC, APUG
1071:University of St Andrews
1002:Neue Deutsche Biographie
995:Edmondo Lamalle (1957),
559:University of Notre Dame
388:. Though he opposed the
567:Refutatio cyclometriae
224:, that is known as the
611:
489:
359:Johannes de Sacrobosco
350:
285:
210:
1061:"Christopher Clavius"
1051:, The Galileo Project
1041:Catholic Encyclopedia
659:Bracket (mathematics)
633:2001: A Space Odyssey
609:
498:Gnomonices libri octo
484:
462:Christoph Grienberger
345:
269:University of Coimbra
133:University of Coimbra
1057:Robertson, Edmund F.
997:"Clavius, Christoph"
577:Elementorum Libri XV
414:Jupiter's satellites
1118:People from Bamberg
1055:O'Connor, John J.;
1036:Christopher Clavius
1009:Christoph Clavius,
748:Compendio del Abaco
192:Christopher Clavius
48:Christopher Clavius
1143:Gregorian calendar
982:Clavius, Christoph
762:35 (1928) 347–349.
752:Jekuthiel Ginsburg
612:
490:
390:heliocentric model
351:
226:Gregorian calendar
143:Gregorian calendar
1158:Jesuit scientists
1082:Cristoforo Clavio
854:978-0-14-019246-9
569:Iosephi Scaligeri
448:, astronomy, and
369:from 1572 in the
305:Pope Gregory XIII
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154:Scientific career
90:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
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382:geocentric model
301:Erasmus Reinhold
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297:Prussian Tables
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631:
628:Clavius Base
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525:. Rome, 1593
521:
517:. Rome, 1588
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418:large crater
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331:
326:He used the
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321:Clavius' Law
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245:
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191:
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177:
174:Institutions
153:
147:Clavius' Law
112:Papal States
102:(1612-02-06)
44:The Reverend
36:
1113:1612 deaths
1108:1538 births
953:Ralf Kern,
792:, Volume 2.
522:Astrolabium
371:fixed stars
363:Tycho Brahe
332:astrolabium
277:Pedro Nunes
264:in Latin).
164:Mathematics
119:Nationality
1102:Categories
665:References
394:Copernicus
375:Cassiopeia
355:De Sphaera
236:Early life
218:astronomer
74:1538-03-25
871:(1989) .
837:(1989) .
615:Asteroid
450:acoustics
406:telescope
398:Ptolemaic
338:Astronomy
258:SchlĂĽssel
168:astronomy
721:(2014).
706:new year
644:Computus
602:See also
273:Portugal
1084:in the
1032::
845:Triumph
784:Clavius
737:, p. 69
708:begins.
501:. 1581
446:statics
402:Galileo
349:, 1585.
254:Clavius
242:Bamberg
204:German
86:Bavaria
82:Bamberg
18:Clavius
969:
938:
913:
851:
817:
729:
442:optics
365:) the
262:clavis
230:Europe
216:, and
202:Jesuit
160:Fields
123:German
786:, in
386:Earth
317:logic
315:. In
967:ISBN
936:ISBN
911:ISBN
849:ISBN
815:ISBN
727:ISBN
410:Moon
367:nova
293:Rome
250:Klau
108:Rome
97:Died
68:Born
1038:".
984:",
847:).
758:",
754:, "
557:. (
392:of
357:of
299:of
291:in
271:in
248:or
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52:SJ
975:.
944:.
919:.
857:.
823:.
735:.
561:)
488:.
279:(
76:)
72:(
34:.
20:)
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