313:
Clupeidae can moderate the speed at which they swim to increase their uptake of nutrients. As with all filter feeders, Clupeidae cannot take in food if nutrient rich water does not pass over their gills. To moderate this, members of this family have been found to increase their swimming speed when they sense that there is a high concentration of food items in order to take advantage of this feeding period. Keeping a high swimming speed during periods of low food availability would not be efficient to maintain over long periods of time as the organisms would not net as much energy as they may need to in order to sustain themselves and increase their
1499:
55:
1009:
301:. This change in diet is possible due to their increase in body and gill raker size, which allows them to capture and process larger organisms to support themselves. Small organisms like these do not need to be ground or torn apart for consumption so pronounced teeth would not serve a purpose in the feeding habits of Clupeidae, instead the use of
1015:
312:
body shape of
Clupeidae is also advantageous to their trophic ecology. The tapering body form is a highly hydrodynamic form that allows for quick increases in speed and a high maximum speed. Moving at high speeds allows the members of this family to regulate their feeding habits and avoid predators.
277:
The
Clupeidae family primarily feed on small planktonic organisms. The teeth of members of this family are either reduced or absent, reduced teeth are miniature teeth that would be barely visible and line the interior of the fish's mouth. The structure of these teeth indicate that these organisms do
1334:
222:
Clupeids spawn huge numbers of eggs (up to 200,000 in some species) near the surface of the water. After hatching, the larvae live among the plankton until they develop a
1857:
317:. Increasing their swimming speed during feeding periods would allow them to take in more plankton while not suffering consequences from maintaining that speed.
1896:
282:
that are designed for sifting plankton and other small particles out of the water as it passes through their gills. Gill rakers are protrusions along the
293:
and plant matter during their larval stages. As the fish mature this diet begins to shift towards larger and more substantive organisms, including more
1831:
1498:
1870:
754:"Voluntary swimming speeds and respiration rates of a filter-feeding planktivore, the Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (Pisces: Clupeidae)"
2006:
1376:
278:
not need to cut or tear their prey items as they would need fully formed teeth to complete this process. They do, however, possess long
941:
878:"A revision of Clupea doljeana Kramberger and Sarmatella vukotinovici (Kramberger) (Pisces, Clupeidae) from the Sarmatian of Croatia"
2001:
736:
1968:
31:
1875:
226:
and transform into adults. These eggs and fry are not protected or tended to by parents. The adults typically live in large
211:, although a few species are found in fresh water. No species has scales on the head, and some are entirely scaleless. The
1883:
829:"First record of a clupeomorph fish in the Neuquén Group (Portezuelo Formation), Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina"
753:
1753:
1730:
1324:
398:
Until recently, the concept of
Clupeidae was broader, but it has been subdivided into several distinct families (e.g.
1810:
54:
1901:
1823:
1369:
1152:
175:. Many members of the family have a body protected with shiny cycloid (very smooth and uniform) scales, a single
215:
is short or absent, and the teeth are unusually small where they are present at all. Clupeids typically feed on
1160:
1070:
1670:
1653:
1139:
1113:
934:
227:
1932:
1294:
1008:
1758:
1950:
1973:
1911:
1779:
1717:
1563:
1362:
1144:
889:
840:
707:
590:
582:
534:
1314:
1049:
574:
558:
518:
643:
635:
486:
454:
446:
1996:
1075:
969:
598:
566:
462:
438:
49:
659:
651:
622:
542:
1937:
775:
1919:
1766:
1464:
1191:
996:
927:
905:
858:
732:
675:
470:
314:
196:
164:
1862:
1014:
614:
478:
1960:
1924:
1309:
1248:
1100:
1080:
974:
897:
848:
254:
157:
38:
1633:
1243:
1206:
1201:
1085:
986:
384:
326:
262:
192:
1708:
1268:
893:
844:
799:
1818:
1805:
1618:
1418:
1258:
1236:
1181:
1173:
1134:
1095:
1065:
1039:
979:
283:
131:
96:
1990:
1643:
1638:
1623:
1571:
1532:
1329:
1319:
1253:
1186:
1090:
1034:
991:
703:
302:
290:
188:
184:
1583:
1537:
1474:
1342:
1304:
1221:
1129:
1105:
1029:
430:
388:
286:, opposing the gill filaments, that help aquatic organisms to trap food particles.
223:
212:
106:
1722:
853:
828:
179:, and a fusiform body for quick, evasive swimming and pursuit of prey composed of
1771:
1735:
1888:
1844:
1702:
1648:
1613:
1522:
1385:
1299:
1044:
392:
369:
355:
294:
231:
208:
180:
1278:
1196:
901:
526:
412:
362:
279:
243:
176:
161:
116:
909:
862:
325:
According to FishBase (2023), the family currently comprises the following 7
1792:
1628:
1608:
1603:
1558:
1408:
1263:
877:
510:
502:
341:
247:
66:
1693:
1745:
1687:
1576:
1469:
1428:
1423:
1273:
1226:
712:
550:
494:
399:
376:
309:
216:
172:
86:
827:
Gallo, Valéria; Calvo, Jorge O.; Kellner, Alexander W. A. (2011-04-01).
1459:
1433:
1413:
1216:
1211:
950:
606:
348:
298:
168:
1849:
1514:
1231:
964:
422:
334:
239:
76:
1836:
1664:
30:
1797:
752:
Durbin, Ann; Durbin, Edward; Verity, Peter; Smayda, Thomas (1985).
395:
family, but then discovered to be deeply nested in the
Clupeidae.
1945:
1484:
1479:
1443:
235:
800:"A new clupeid fish from the upper Miocene of Greece: A possible
1553:
1527:
1438:
804:
667:
1668:
1358:
923:
1354:
1784:
727:
Nelson, Gareth (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).
219:, and range from 2 to 75 cm (0.8 to 30 in.) in length.
253:
Commercially important species of the
Clupeidae include the
919:
410:
Known fossil genera (albeit most classified under the
1110:
305:
allows for much more efficient nutrient collection.
183:. Due to their small size and position in the lower
1677:
1596:
1546:
1513:
1506:
1452:
1399:
1392:
1287:
1172:
1122:
1058:
1022:
957:
289:The diet of many clupeids primarily consists of
246:, marine mammals, and jellyfish. They also form
1370:
935:
731:. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 91–92.
8:
1665:
1510:
1396:
1377:
1363:
1355:
942:
928:
920:
29:
20:
852:
187:of many marine food webs, the levels of
688:
383:The family arguably also contains the "
764:(4): 877–886 – via Google Books.
391:taxon first thought to be a distinct
7:
1951:FD1087D9-FFA0-4A51-FF67-A7DB4D77FE32
1912:0cf7a99b-c5f2-4bbc-9b9b-4f6e2c5bea56
1824:597e65ac-0ed0-4f82-9a50-493369b156d7
698:
696:
694:
692:
195:are very low, reducing the risk of
14:
1497:
1013:
1007:
167:, comprising, for instance, the
53:
329:(including about 15 species).
1:
876:Baykina, E. M. (2013-09-01).
854:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.006
2007:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
255:Atlantic and Baltic herrings
1325:Scottish east coast fishery
207:Clupeids are mostly marine
2023:
242:and other predatory fish,
230:, seeking protection from
1495:
1005:
902:10.1134/S0031030113050043
144:
139:
50:Scientific classification
48:
37:
28:
23:
2002:Ray-finned fish families
706:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
181:small planktonic animals
1071:Atlantic thread herring
882:Paleontological Journal
203:Description and biology
1654:Shoaling and schooling
1140:Drifter (fishing boat)
1114:Double-armored herring
729:Encyclopedia of Fishes
1933:Paleobiology Database
1819:Fauna Europaea (new)
716:. July 2023 version.
1050:Dwarf round herring
1030:Freshwater herrings
894:2013PalJ...47..523B
845:2011CrRes..32..223G
833:Cretaceous Research
1076:Australian herring
970:Araucanian herring
708:"Family Clupeidae"
416:concept) include:
273:Feeding physiology
234:predators such as
1984:
1983:
1920:Open Tree of Life
1671:Taxon identifiers
1662:
1661:
1592:
1591:
1493:
1492:
1465:goldband fusilier
1352:
1351:
997:White Sea herring
197:mercury poisoning
165:ray-finned fishes
151:
150:
135:
2014:
1977:
1976:
1964:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1941:
1940:
1928:
1927:
1915:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1892:
1891:
1889:NBNSYS0000159719
1879:
1878:
1866:
1865:
1853:
1852:
1840:
1839:
1827:
1826:
1814:
1813:
1801:
1800:
1788:
1787:
1775:
1774:
1762:
1761:
1749:
1748:
1739:
1738:
1726:
1725:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1666:
1511:
1501:
1424:mackerel (small)
1397:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1356:
1310:The Herring Song
1249:Schmaltz herring
1164:(sailing vessel)
1112:
1101:Skipjack herring
1081:Blueback herring
1035:Longfin herrings
1017:
1011:
975:Atlantic herring
944:
937:
930:
921:
914:
913:
873:
867:
866:
856:
824:
818:
817:
815:
814:
796:
790:
789:
787:
786:
772:
766:
765:
758:Fishery Bulletin
749:
743:
742:
724:
718:
717:
700:
130:
58:
57:
39:Atlantic herring
33:
21:
16:Family of fishes
2022:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2011:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1972:
1967:
1959:
1957:
1949:
1944:
1936:
1931:
1923:
1918:
1910:
1908:
1900:
1895:
1887:
1882:
1874:
1869:
1861:
1856:
1848:
1843:
1835:
1830:
1822:
1817:
1809:
1804:
1796:
1791:
1783:
1778:
1770:
1765:
1757:
1752:
1744:
1742:
1734:
1729:
1721:
1716:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1673:
1663:
1658:
1634:Ichthyoplankton
1588:
1542:
1502:
1489:
1448:
1388:
1383:
1353:
1348:
1283:
1244:Pickled herring
1207:Dressed herring
1168:
1156:(steam drifter)
1118:
1086:Deepsea herring
1054:
1045:Thread herrings
1018:
1012:
1003:
987:Pacific herring
953:
948:
918:
917:
875:
874:
870:
826:
825:
821:
812:
810:
798:
797:
793:
784:
782:
774:
773:
769:
751:
750:
746:
739:
726:
725:
721:
702:
701:
690:
685:
591:Primisardinella
583:Paleopiquitinga
408:
385:Sundasalangidae
323:
275:
263:Pacific herring
259:Clupea harengus
205:
199:when consumed.
129:
52:
43:Clupea harengus
17:
12:
11:
5:
2020:
2018:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1965:
1955:
1942:
1929:
1916:
1906:
1893:
1880:
1867:
1854:
1841:
1828:
1815:
1806:Fauna Europaea
1802:
1789:
1776:
1763:
1750:
1740:
1727:
1714:
1699:
1683:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1619:Fish migration
1616:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1597:Related topics
1594:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1566:
1561:
1556:
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1503:
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1416:
1411:
1405:
1403:
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1389:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1336:Netz über Bord
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1288:Related topics
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1259:Soused herring
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1237:Craster kipper
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1182:Herring (food)
1178:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1142:
1137:
1135:Herring seiner
1132:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1096:Scaled herring
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1040:Round herrings
1037:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1023:Other herrings
1020:
1019:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1001:
1000:
999:
994:
984:
983:
982:
980:Baltic herring
972:
967:
961:
959:
955:
954:
949:
947:
946:
939:
932:
924:
916:
915:
888:(5): 523–532.
868:
839:(2): 223–235.
819:
808:www.app.pan.pl
803:
791:
780:paleobiodb.org
767:
744:
737:
719:
704:Froese, Rainer
687:
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631:
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535:Hypsospondylus
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426:
407:
404:
381:
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322:
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303:filter feeding
274:
271:
244:toothed whales
204:
201:
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142:
141:
137:
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119:
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97:Actinopterygii
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60:
59:
46:
45:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2019:
2008:
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1684:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:Predator fish
1642:
1640:
1639:Juvenile fish
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:Filter feeder
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1572:river herring
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1539:
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1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1486:
1485:squid (small)
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1455:
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1427:
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1412:
1410:
1407:
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1404:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1330:Marc Guylaine
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1320:Scania Market
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1254:Solomon Gundy
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1187:Avruga caviar
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:Herring boats
1121:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1091:Hilsa herring
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:Misc herrings
1057:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1010:
998:
995:
993:
992:Chosa herring
990:
989:
988:
985:
981:
978:
977:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
960:
958:True herrings
956:
952:
945:
940:
938:
933:
931:
926:
925:
922:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
872:
869:
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860:
855:
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846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
823:
820:
809:
805:
801:
795:
792:
781:
777:
771:
768:
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755:
748:
745:
740:
738:0-12-547665-5
734:
730:
723:
720:
715:
714:
709:
705:
699:
697:
695:
693:
689:
682:
678:
677:
672:
670:
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575:Moldavichthys
571:
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559:Marambionella
555:
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531:
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519:Gosiutichthys
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406:Fossil genera
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291:phytoplankton
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193:bioaccumulate
190:
189:methylmercury
186:
185:trophic level
182:
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40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1678:
1564:mosquitofish
1554:Carp (small)
1538:Common roach
1400:
1343:Herring Hunt
1341:
1335:
1305:Herring fair
1295:Herring gull
1269:Surströmming
1222:Herring soup
1161:
1153:
1145:
1130:Herring buss
1106:Wolf herring
885:
881:
871:
836:
832:
822:
811:. Retrieved
807:
794:
783:. Retrieved
779:
770:
761:
757:
747:
728:
722:
711:
674:
666:
658:
650:
644:Waihaoclupea
642:
636:Trollichthys
634:
628:Illusionella
627:
621:
613:
605:
597:
589:
581:
573:
565:
557:
549:
541:
533:
525:
517:
509:
501:
493:
487:Eosardinella
484:
477:
469:
461:
455:Chasmoclupea
453:
447:Bolcaichthys
445:
437:
431:Austroclupea
429:
421:
411:
409:
397:
389:paedomorphic
382:
375:
368:
361:
354:
347:
340:
333:
324:
307:
288:
276:
266:
258:
252:
224:swim bladder
221:
213:lateral line
206:
153:
152:
145:
126:
107:Clupeiformes
42:
18:
1845:iNaturalist
1703:Wikispecies
1649:Sardine run
1614:Feeder fish
1523:Leuciscidae
1386:Forage fish
1315:Herringbone
1300:Red herring
599:Pseudohilsa
567:Maicopiella
463:Clupeidarum
439:Audenaerdia
393:salmoniform
370:Ramnogaster
356:Hyperlophus
295:zooplankton
280:gill rakers
267:C. pallasii
261:), and the
232:piscivorous
209:forage fish
1991:Categories
1507:Freshwater
1279:Vorschmack
1197:Brathering
1148:(schooner)
813:2024-04-11
785:2024-02-26
683:References
660:Xenophanis
652:Wisslerius
623:Sarmatella
543:Karaganops
527:Horaclupea
413:sensu lato
363:Potamalosa
248:bait balls
177:dorsal fin
162:clupeiform
117:Clupeoidei
113:Suborder:
24:Clupeidae
1997:Clupeidae
1736:Clupeidae
1723:Clupeidae
1709:Clupeidae
1679:Clupeidae
1629:Food fish
1609:Bait fish
1604:Bait ball
1568:herrings
1559:killifish
1409:Anchovies
1401:Clupeidae
1264:Spekesild
1154:Lydia Eva
1146:Tradewind
910:1555-6174
863:0195-6671
511:Ganolytes
503:Ganoessus
342:Ethmidium
284:gill arch
154:Clupeidae
146:See text
132:G. Cuvier
127:Clupeidae
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
1743:BioLib:
1688:Wikidata
1577:alewives
1470:halfbeak
1429:menhaden
1274:Rollmops
1227:Kibinago
1202:Buckling
951:Herrings
713:FishBase
676:Xyrinius
551:Knightia
495:Etringus
471:Clupeops
400:Alosidae
377:Sprattus
321:Taxonomy
310:fusiform
299:copepods
217:plankton
169:herrings
123:Family:
87:Chordata
83:Phylum:
77:Animalia
63:Domain:
1460:Capelin
1434:sardine
1414:herring
1217:Gwamegi
1212:Gibbing
1192:Bloater
1174:As food
1066:Alewife
890:Bibcode
841:Bibcode
615:Rupelia
607:Quisque
479:Eoalosa
349:Gudusia
315:fitness
140:Genera
103:Order:
93:Class:
1974:125464
1961:114062
1958:uBio:
1925:175436
1909:NZOR:
1876:161700
1863:115584
1798:1CLUPF
1694:Q27141
1584:sucker
1533:shiner
1515:Minnow
1444:sprats
1419:Ilisha
1393:Marine
1232:Kipper
1162:Reaper
965:Clupea
908:
861:
776:"PBDB"
735:
423:Alisea
335:Clupea
327:genera
240:sharks
228:shoals
173:sprats
158:family
134:, 1817
1969:WoRMS
1946:Plazi
1938:53981
1902:55118
1858:IRMNG
1850:49236
1811:12019
1746:15522
1547:Other
1480:krill
1475:smelt
1453:Other
802:Hilsa
387:", a
236:birds
191:they
156:is a
1897:NCBI
1871:ITIS
1837:7332
1832:GBIF
1793:EPPO
1785:6893
1759:1252
1754:BOLD
1528:dace
1439:shad
906:ISSN
859:ISSN
733:ISBN
668:Xyne
308:The
297:and
269:)).
171:and
1884:NBN
1780:EoL
1772:8CJ
1767:CoL
1731:AFD
1718:ADW
898:doi
849:doi
626:(=†
160:of
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896:.
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880:.
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