56:
31:
694:
Nosenko, Tetyana; Schreiber, Fabian; Adamska, Maja; Adamski, Marcin; Eitel, Michael; Hammel, Jörg; Maldonado, Manuel; Müller, Werner E. G.; Nickel, Michael (2013-04-01). "Deep metazoan phylogeny: When different genes tell different stories".
750:
309:, or coelenteron. Digestion is both intracellular and extracellular. Respiration and excretion are accomplished by simple diffusion. A network of nerves is spread throughout the body. Many Cnidaria exhibit
645:
Philippe, Hervé; Derelle, Romain; Lopez, Philippe; Pick, Kerstin; Borchiellini, Carole; Boury-Esnault, Nicole; Vacelet, Jean; Renard, Emmanuelle; Houliston, Evelyn (April 2009).
341:
is controversial; it was first considered a sub-group of coelenterata but Hyman regarded it as a separate phylum. Most researchers think that
Coelenterata is not
508:
Pisani, Davide; Pett, Walker; Dohrmann, Martin; Feuda, Roberto; Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Philippe, Hervé; Lartillot, Nicolas; Wörheide, Gert (2015-12-15).
329:
is currently rejected, as the
Cnidaria and Ctenophora have less in common than previously assumed. Coelentera may only be monophyletic if both
738:
182:
845:
352:
Previously, some genomic studies have found support for monophyletic coelenterates. Despite this uncertainty, the term
313:, wherein different types of individuals are present in a colony for different functions. These individuals are called
165:
55:
850:
407:
317:. These animals generally reproduce asexually by budding, though sexual reproduction does occur in some groups.
240:
383:). Neither grouping is accepted universally, however, both are commonly encountered in taxonomic literature.
255:. Coelenterata lack a specialized circulatory system, relying instead on diffusion across the tissue layers.
412:
770:
310:
158:
817:
364:
306:
211:), along with a middle undifferentiated layer called mesoglea, and radial symmetry. Some examples are
588:
521:
272:
229:
50:
345:, and therefore any group containing Cnidaria and Ctenophora but excluding other phyla would be
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808:
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Whelan, Nathan V.; Kocot, Kevin M.; Moroz, Leonid L.; Halanych, Kenneth M. (2015-05-05).
592:
525:
401:
619:
576:
552:
509:
264:
285:
839:
360:
216:
510:"Genomic data do not support comb jellies as the sister group to all other animals"
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802:
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30:
663:
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120:
38:
793:
672:
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543:
601:
577:"Error, signal, and the placement of Ctenophora sister to all other animals"
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372:
356:
is still used in informal settings to refer to the
Cnidaria and Ctenophora.
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235:
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67:
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647:"Phylogenomics Revives Traditional Views on Deep Animal Relationships"
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prey. These tentacles are surrounded by a spacious cavity called the
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188:
171:
139:
111:
77:
764:
314:
212:
146:
731:
Five
Kingdoms: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth
464:
Dunn, Casey W.; Leys, Sally P.; Haddock, Steven H.D. (May 2015).
768:
367:) that placed the Cnidaria and Ctenophora alone in the branch
337:
are included. In particular, the phylogenetic position of
16:
Term encompassing animal phyla
Cnidaria and Ctenophora
777:
375:. (The latter refers to all the animals except the
400:
199:common to these two phyla. They have very simple
581:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
514:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
466:"The hidden biology of sponges and ctenophores"
729:Margulis, Lynn and Karlene V. Schwartz, 1997,
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638:
203:organization, with only two layers of cells (
8:
359:Complicating the issue is the 1997 work of
195: 'intestine', referring to the hollow
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459:
457:
29:
20:
662:
618:
600:
551:
533:
481:
503:
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157:(comb jellies). The name comes from
392:
697:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
283:. The body has a single opening, the
149:animals, true jellies, sea anemones,
7:
421:participating institution membership
325:The scientific validity of the term
138:is a term encompassing the animal
14:
470:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
215:, which are typically colonial;
54:
751:"Taxonomy browser (Eumetazoa)"
733:, W.H. Freeman & Company,
440:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
363:(revising an earlier model by
1:
271:, animals. The body form is
709:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.01.010
178: 'hollow' and
153:, and their relatives) and
867:
483:10.1016/j.tree.2015.03.003
181:
164:
664:10.1016/j.cub.2009.02.052
408:Oxford English Dictionary
321:History of classification
117:
110:
51:Scientific classification
49:
37:
28:
23:
289:, surrounded by sensory
602:10.1073/pnas.1503453112
535:10.1073/pnas.1518127112
413:Oxford University Press
284:
263:All coelenterates are
233:, which are solitary;
818:Paleobiology Database
365:Thomas Cavalier-Smith
307:gastrovascular cavity
293:equipped with either
241:Portuguese man o' war
846:Obsolete animal taxa
755:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
279:and does not have a
273:radially symmetrical
593:2015PNAS..112.5773W
526:2015PNAS..11215402P
520:(50): 15402–15407.
411:(Online ed.).
851:Cnidarian taxonomy
301:to capture mostly
833:
832:
771:Taxon identifiers
587:(18): 5773–5778.
443:. Merriam-Webster
419:(Subscription or
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651:Current Biology
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703:(1): 223–233.
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657:(8): 706–712.
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476:(5): 282–291.
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435:"coelenterate"
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402:"coelenterate"
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24:Coelenterates
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361:Lynn Margulis
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159:Ancient Greek
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809:Coelenterata
779:Coelenterata
778:
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517:
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473:
469:
445:. Retrieved
438:
429:
406:
395:
358:
354:coelenterate
353:
351:
347:paraphyletic
343:monophyletic
327:coelenterate
326:
324:
311:polymorphism
277:diploblastic
262:
250:
244:
234:
228:
225:sea anemones
189:
186:
179:
172:
169:
162:
136:Coelenterata
135:
134:
98:Coelenterata
97:
84:Subkingdom:
42:
39:Comb jellies
18:
803:Wikispecies
299:colloblasts
295:nematocysts
197:body cavity
840:Categories
447:2017-02-25
423:required.)
387:References
339:Ctenophora
303:planktonic
155:Ctenophora
121:Ctenophora
673:0960-9822
611:0027-8424
544:0027-8424
373:Eumetazoa
335:Bilateria
291:tentacles
286:hypostome
267:, mostly
236:Pennatula
221:jellyfish
88:Eumetazoa
74:Kingdom:
68:Eukaryota
788:Wikidata
717:23353073
681:19345102
629:25902535
562:26621703
492:25840473
381:Placozoa
331:Placozoa
252:Physalia
246:Gorgonia
209:endoderm
205:ectoderm
151:sea pens
143:Cnidaria
126:Cnidaria
103:Hatschek
94:Phylum:
78:Animalia
64:Domain:
794:Q387474
620:4426464
589:Bibcode
553:4687580
522:Bibcode
377:sponges
371:within
369:Radiata
265:aquatic
230:Aurelia
190:énteron
183:ἔντερον
737:
715:
679:
671:
627:
617:
609:
560:
550:
542:
490:
315:zooids
281:coelom
269:marine
249:; and
227:, and
217:hydrae
213:corals
201:tissue
173:koîlos
166:κοῖλος
105:, 1888
45:spp.)
823:98621
417:
161:
147:coral
140:phyla
112:Phyla
43:Beroe
735:ISBN
713:PMID
677:PMID
669:ISSN
625:PMID
607:ISSN
558:PMID
540:ISSN
488:PMID
379:and
333:and
207:and
705:doi
659:doi
615:PMC
597:doi
585:112
548:PMC
530:doi
518:112
478:doi
349:.
297:or
842::
820::
805::
790::
753:.
711:.
701:67
699:.
675:.
667:.
655:19
653:.
649:.
637:^
623:.
613:.
605:.
595:.
583:.
579:.
556:.
546:.
538:.
528:.
516:.
512:.
500:^
486:.
474:30
472:.
468:.
456:^
437:.
405:.
275:,
243:;
239:;
223:,
219:,
757:.
719:.
707::
683:.
661::
631:.
599::
591::
564:.
532::
524::
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480::
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415:.
193:)
187:(
176:)
170:(
145:(
41:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
