40:
103:
wholesale merchants who dealt in long-distance trade and often married into local elite families with commercial ties. Their assets had to amount to at least 28,000 pesos. Although they were not supposed to deal in local retail trade, they often did some indirectly. They mainly lived in Mexico City
195:
was linked to the branches in Mexico City and Lima (and in the 18th century, other ports as well), it was able to maintain its monopoly of
Spanish trade and keep prices high in all the colonies, and even played a hand in royal politics. The
171:, ("House of Trade"), registered ships and passengers bound for Spain's overseas territories, kept sea charts, collected taxes, and in general controlled the Indies trade. In order to survive and maintain an effective business, the
209:
In 1520, twenty-three years before the
Merchant Guild was founded in 1543, the total silver export of Spanish America was valued at around 500,000 pesos, with the royal family getting 400,000 pesos of the silver
224:
In 1596, the peak year of silver production in
Spanish America, the total silver export was valued at around 7,000,000 pesos, of which the royal family gained only 1,550,000, the rest going to the
213:
In 1550, the total silver export was valued at around 1,000,000 pesos, with the royal family receiving 500,000 pesos of profit, while the rest went to the
200:
effectively manipulated the government and the citizenry of both Spain and the Indies colonies, and grew richer and more powerful every day because of it.
504:
161:
In the mid-16th century, all
American trade from Spain was mandated to go through the city of Seville, and later, the nearby port of
146:
in the later colonial period, but a small number of peninsular merchants dominated. Goods were shipped from the
Spanish port of
84:. In theory, the Consulado enjoyed virtual monopoly rights over goods shipped to America, in a regular and closely controlled
179:, which in turn controlled goods shipped to America and was paid vast amounts of silver in return for its cooperation.
514:
76:, the sole port for Spain's overseas trade in the 16th and 17th centuries, until the official port was relocated to
52:
39:
142:, even though some were from neither of these Iberian regions. American-born merchants came to be part of the
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in the capital. They diversified the assets locally, investing in urban real estate. In the 18th century, as
242:
167:
33:
252:
85:
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in late colonial Mexico had approximately 200 members, who divided themselves into two factions, the
48:
106:
81:
56:
275:
271:
481:
Class
Privilege and Economic Development: The Consulado de Comercio of Guatemala, 1793-1871
509:
417:
Clayton, Lawrence A. "Sourcesin Lima for the Study of the
Colonial Consulado of Peru,"
247:
440:
Bastion of
Commerce in the City of Kings: The Consulado de Comercio of Lima, 1593-1887
498:
408:
135:
111:
127:
96:
100:
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Since it controlled most of the trade in the
Spanish colonies, and since the
139:
115:
130:, indicating increased trade and the expansion of the merchant elite. The
162:
147:
123:
17:
73:
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to
Veracruz, but many of the goods were produced elsewhere in Europe.
433:
Colonial Entrepreneurs: Families and Business in Bourbon Mexico City.
345:
Colonial Entrepreneurs: Families and Business in Bourbon Mexico City.
490:, vol. 2, pp. 254–256. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.
453:
Aristocrats and Traders: Sevillean Society in the Sixteenth Century
77:
69:
38:
280:
Apogee of Empire: Spain and New Spain in the Age of Charles III
460:
The Spanish Merchant: A History of the Consulado, 1250-1700
27:
Spanish merchant guild responsible for shipping to America
465:
Smith, Robert S. "The Consulado de Santa Fe de Bogotá,"
88:, and handled much of the silver this trade generated.
32:"Consulado" redirects here. For the metro station, see
282:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press 2003,p 14
488:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture
332:Miners and Merchants in Bourbon Mexico, 1763-1810.
412:Miners and Merchants in Bourbon Mexico, 1763-1810
347:Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 1983.
447:El real consulado de Caracas (1793-1810) (1971.
435:Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 1983
355:
353:
291:Ida Altman, Sarah Cline, and Javier Pescador,
175:worked in conjunction with the merchant guild
8:
414:. New York: Cambridge University Press 1971.
334:New York: Cambridge University Press 1971.
110:. A number of them were connected to the
386:
384:
382:
104:and had positions on the city council or
486:Woodward, Ralph Lee, Jr. "Consulado" in
474:The Merchants of Buenos Aires, 1778-1810
264:
7:
374:The Early History of Greater Mexico,
361:The Early History of Greater Mexico,
293:The Early History of Greater Mexico,
467:Hispanic American Historical Review
426:Mexico's Merchant Elite, 1590-1660
25:
319:Early History of Greater Mexico,
306:Early History of Greater Mexico,
122:were established in the port of
1:
531:
31:
505:Economic history of Spain
479:Woodward, Ralph Lee, Jr.
469:45, no. 3 (1965):442-451.
424:Hoberman, Louisa Schell.
68:was the Spanish merchant
53:Archivo General de Indias
47:(right), built for it by
472:Socolow, Susan Migden.
182:
99:in 1594, controlled by
65:Consulado de mercaderes
34:Consulado metro station
458:Smith, Robert Sidney.
253:Spanish treasure fleet
86:Spanish treasure fleet
59:
295:Pearson 2003, p. 178.
42:
445:Nunes Dias, Manuel.
243:Casa de Contratación
226:Casa de Contratación
219:Casa de Contratación
173:Casa de Contratación
168:Casa de Contratación
57:Cathedral of Seville
462:(1940, repr. 1972).
392:World Civilizations
118:'s economy boomed,
515:History of Seville
154:Importance of the
60:
421:33(1977):457-469.
390:Peter N. Stearns
272:Stein, Stanley J.
82:Treaty of Utrecht
16:(Redirected from
522:
395:
394:. (2000), p.293.
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377:
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359:Altman, et al.,
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317:Altman, et al.,
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304:Altman, et al.,
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276:Barbara H. Stein
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80:, following the
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438:Meltzer, John.
431:Kicza, John E.
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402:Further reading
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372:Altman, et al.
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343:John E. Kicza,
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183:Effects of the
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330:D.A. Brading,
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248:Spanish Empire
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55:, next to the
51:and today the
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409:Brading, D.A.
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185:Consulado's
177:(Consulado)
128:Guadalajara
97:Mexico City
43:The former
499:Categories
259:References
204:Statistics
120:consulados
112:crown mint
101:peninsular
45:Casa Lonja
230:Consulado
215:Consulado
198:Consulado
193:Consulado
156:Consulado
144:consulado
132:consulado
116:New Spain
93:consulado
49:Philip II
18:Consulado
483:. (1966)
476:. (1978)
442:. (1991)
237:See also
228:and the
217:and the
140:Montañés
124:Veracruz
455:. 1972.
428:. 1991.
376:p. 296.
363:p. 296.
321:p. 283.
308:p. 178.
210:profit.
187:control
126:and in
107:cabildo
74:Seville
510:Silver
165:. The
136:Basque
163:Cádiz
148:Cádiz
78:Cadiz
70:guild
274:and
138:and
62:The
501::
381:^
352:^
278:.
91:A
232:.
221:.
36:.
20:)
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