673:
831:
554:
853:
796:(papacy 1431–47) gave Santa Maria in Cosmedin in 1435 to the Benedictine community of San Paolo; after the monks' departure in 1513, the church began to fall into disrepair. In 1718, Cardinal Annibale Albani commissioned a new stucco facade and other refurbishments designed in the late Baroque style of the time by Giuseppe Sardi. This facade and all of the post-medieval changes to the church inside and out were removed in a restoration of 1894–99 by architect Giovanni Battista Giovenale. The facade was returned to its early twelfth-century form, with a rebuilt portico and open narthex, and the interior was restored to its eighth-century design but with the retention of its twelfth-century decoration and furnishings. Only two sections of the interior - the Chapel of the Crucifix in the left apse and the baptistery - retain some furnishings from 1727.
868:
369:
696:) to Callixtus. On the bishop's throne is carved "ALFANUS FIER TIBI FECIT VIRGO MARIA" (Alfanus had this made for you, Virgin Mary). The open narthex of the renovated church contains the tomb of Alfanus, partly decorated with a damaged mosaic depicting the Virgin Mary between Popes Gelasius II and Callixtus II. On the walls are several panels of inscriptions recording monetary gifts to the church. The inscriptions found in Santa Maria in Cosmedin, a valuable source for the history of the Basilica, have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella.
733:
47:
1640:
786:
1992:
1522:
699:
There are three doors leading from the new narthex into the church. The center door is created of marble elements from older Roman buildings, with medieval carvings signed by a "Giovanni of Venice" (IOHANNIS DE VENETIA ME FECIT). Scholars differ on whether it is from the eleventh or twelfth century,
740:
At the time of Pope
Callixtus's renovation, an extensive fresco cycle was painted on the nave walls and the arch leading to the altar area; the decoration probably extended to the three apses as well, but no traces remain in those areas. All the paintings were whitewashed about 1649–60 and were
672:
471:
were funded by wealthy individuals. A mid-eighth century inscription displayed in the narthex records a gift of extensive properties to the church's ministry to the poor by
Eustathius (or Eustachius), a Byzantine duke of Rome who had administered the territory of
577:
columns were too tall for the crypt and had to be sunk several feet into the floor. Carved crosses on the columns may have been inset with bronze. On the side walls were niches containing shelves for the display of relics given by Pope
Hadrian to the church.
830:
553:
521:
were retained and were visible (and still are) in the entrance wall and embedded in the side walls at the western end of the church. In the center apse was an altar made from a Roman red granite basin, and the floor was a simple
852:
346:
facade and interior refurbishment of 1718 were removed in 1894–1899; the exterior was restored to twelfth-century form, while the architecture of the interior recalls the eighth century with twelfth-century furnishings. The
753:; the subjects are very unusual in medieval art. The images are faint but were photographed and sketched during the nineteenth-century restoration. There are enough fragments to suggest that there were scenes from the
768:
The campanile of Santa Maria in
Cosmedin is a beautiful seven-story bell tower that has stood without repair or restoration since its twelfth-century construction. Drawings and engravings from later centuries show a
849:; it was moved to the church in the twelfth century. A medieval legend states that if a person places a hand inside the mouth ("bocca") and then swears falsely, the mouth will close and sever the hand.
4202:
428:
of 537–752, when the popes were approved by and subject to the
Byzantine emperors. Several waves of eastern refugees added to the population as they fled from wars and persecution, the encroachment of
4520:
629:(papacy 1119–24), undertook a renovation of the church, probably in 1120–23. Although the plan remained the same, many changes were carried out: the galleries at the west end, remaining from the
757:
on two lower rows of the nave wall and that the scene over the arch into the central apse showed Jesus enthroned amid a host of angels. Running along the very top of the nave wall is an undated
453:(deaconry), an early Christian welfare center, where charitable distributions were given to the poor. The brick masonry of the building was not typical of Rome at this time but was common in
1567:
569:
of the Great Altar to
Hercules. It took the form of a miniature basilica with a small apse and altar and a nave and two aisles separated by columns, probably based on a prototype under
4192:
3290:
2014:
765:' heads and other ornaments in ancient Roman style. The frescoes now in the three apses were painted in 1899 but based on styles and themes of twelfth-century church decoration.
517:, an eastern feature unusual for a Roman church, but one that had reached the West by the sixth century. In the rebuilding, the tall columns from the structure that preceded the
1450:
Coarelli, Filippo. Rome and
Environs: An Archaeological Guide. Translated by James J. Clauss and Daniel P. Harmon. Rev. ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2014.
1691:
461:. The hall itself was probably a gathering place and place of worship; two-story aisles on each side contained chambers on the ground floors, perhaps for the functions of the
879:, a third-century Roman cleric martyred on February 14. There are, however, two other Valentines with commemorations on that day, so the specific identity is not certain.
436:
in the
Christian East. The quarter became an important economic sector of the city and was allowed to govern itself with little interference from Roman authorities.
447:
Around 550, a hall was built on the site, incorporating some of the loggia columns of the previous building in its west and north walls. This was identified as a
66:
4152:
1591:
1560:
721:, a costly purple stone highly prized by Roman emperors. The Cosmati also provided and decorated the bishop's throne and the pulpits and candlestick inside the
495:
around 780, demolishing a large ruined temple to make way for this construction. The result was a basilica dedicated to the Virgin Mary, at that time called
3757:
1656:
707:
family, Roman architects, sculptors, and decorators, who specialized in pavements formed of slabs of marble and semi-precious stones set in gold and colored
2060:
864:
from 706–07. It was once in the oratory of Pope John VII in Old Saint Peter's
Basilica and was donated to the church in 1639 by order of Pope Urban VIII.
4037:
3280:
424:), a compound initially populated by Greek, Syrian, and Egyptian merchants and by functionaries of the imperial government in Constantinople during the
4505:
4057:
3828:
3160:
1686:
1671:
1553:
417:, one of the government-run food distribution centers of ancient Rome, but other scholars believe it was one of the buildings dedicated to Hercules.
3405:
3120:
1984:
1936:
1629:
867:
546:
that had opened into galleries. By the ninth century, the church was known as Santa Maria in
Cosmedin, probably the Latinization of κοσμίδιον (
4510:
4137:
3717:
3285:
1821:
875:
Among the relics of several dozen saints in Santa Maria in Cosmedin, in a side altar on the north side is a flower-crowned skull alleged to be
680:
Callixtus II reconsecrated the church in May of 1123. A number of inscriptions state that the renovations were paid for by Alfanus, a wealthy
2558:
4072:
661:. At this time, the trabeation supposed by some scholars to have carried by the columns in the nave would have been changed to arches. A
4515:
4067:
3838:
3812:
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badly damaged. Only the uppermost row between the clerestory windows survives intact and depicts scenes from the lives of the prophets
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4157:
3110:
2543:
1841:
1614:
856:
Mosaic fragment of an Adoration of the Magi (Epiphany) of c. 706, formerly in the chapel of Pope John VII in Old St. Peter's Basilica.
736:
Remains of frescoes on the left side of the nave. The paintings between the windows are scenes from the lives of Daniel and Ezekiel.
4375:
4107:
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was then built into the right side of the church and, finally, a two-story narthex (the lower floor was open to the street) and a
4172:
4117:
3747:
3335:
2518:
1866:
948:
Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes: Eastern Influences on Rome and the Papacy from Gregory the Great to Zacharias, A.D. 590–752
725:. The current ciborium, the canopy over the altar, was designed by Deodato of the Cosmati; it was installed in 1294 and is in a
4177:
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were painted in the nave and apses, a new floor was laid in the nave, and many new church furnishings were added, including a
4197:
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1811:
1507:
1385:
Reginald Pole, Cardinal Archbishop of Canterbury: An Historical Sketch, with an Introductory Prologue and Practical Epilogue
1359:
914:
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602:
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in the sixth century, suggesting the work was done by Greek or South Italian builders, perhaps immigrants residing in the
335:
137:
1540:
4162:
3667:
3571:
3430:
3410:
3135:
1961:
1941:
1791:
1771:
1666:
1661:
1326:
Nina A. Mallory, "The Architecture of Giuseppe Sardi and the Attribution of the Facade of the Church of the Maddalena,'
528:
pattern. The nave was separated from the aisles by alternating groups of columns and piers; the unmatched columns were
4254:
4132:
4102:
3808:
3255:
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3225:
3215:
3200:
3017:
2987:
1951:
1786:
1776:
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1726:
334:(deaconry) in an area of the city populated by Greek immigrants, it celebrated Eastern rites and currently serves the
3672:
3180:
3150:
1706:
1676:
570:
368:
4395:
3481:
3230:
3185:
3155:
2523:
2046:
1756:
1711:
1681:
845:(Mouth of Truth), a massive ancient Roman marble mask thought to be a drain covering depicting the Greco-Roman god
815:
622:
4500:
4187:
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3767:
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3742:
3737:
3712:
3616:
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3320:
3315:
3130:
2914:
2694:
2538:
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2355:
2148:
1851:
1846:
1796:
1526:
171:
967:, James J. Clauss and Daniel P. Harmon, trans., rev. ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2014), n.p.
4385:
4142:
4112:
3863:
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3762:
3425:
3400:
3305:
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2553:
2280:
1956:
1931:
1736:
742:
3165:
2879:
842:
834:
732:
338:
community of Rome. The church was expanded in the eighth century and renovated in the twelfth century, when a
4273:
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4207:
4167:
4062:
4027:
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3787:
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3496:
3415:
3330:
3125:
2602:
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1946:
1861:
1836:
1619:
638:
397:
210:
4443:
4283:
4147:
4017:
3997:
3957:
3531:
3380:
3345:
3310:
3300:
3245:
3205:
3140:
3022:
3007:
2977:
2885:
2030:
1911:
1876:
1831:
1731:
717:. Santa Maria in Cosmedin is thought to have a particularly beautiful floor with a large central disc of
178:
119:
46:
4087:
4012:
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3365:
3350:
3270:
3265:
3190:
2997:
2931:
2890:
2731:
2699:
2643:
1896:
1881:
1806:
1801:
1716:
861:
317:
183:
4242:
3927:
3486:
902:
352:
4288:
4002:
3907:
3897:
3722:
3621:
3556:
3395:
3340:
3170:
3115:
3085:
2806:
2578:
2298:
2153:
1926:
1871:
1696:
1624:
433:
325:
593:, as well as a series of rooms for a papal residence, were added on the south side of the church by
4305:
3843:
3220:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3002:
2801:
2791:
2767:
2704:
2681:
2485:
2458:
2330:
2262:
2185:
2138:
1746:
726:
598:
205:
4453:
4415:
4042:
3887:
3727:
3435:
3325:
3012:
2861:
2796:
2563:
2480:
2217:
2175:
1996:
1966:
1856:
808:
718:
272:
4405:
3882:
2954:
2926:
420:
In the sixth and early seventh centuries CE, this area of Rome developed into a Greek quarter (
4448:
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3902:
3823:
3662:
3611:
3501:
3420:
3240:
3042:
2982:
2856:
2845:
2811:
2738:
2648:
2628:
2533:
2345:
2335:
2247:
2232:
1766:
1497:
Corpus Basilicarum Christianarum Romae: The Early Christian Basilicas of Rome, IV to IX Cent.
1040:
Corpus Basilicarum Christianarum Romae: The Early Christian Basilicas of Rome, IV to IX Cent.
626:
586:
372:
The interior of Santa Maria in Cosmedin, restored to the appearance of the 8th-century church.
198:
4226:
4122:
3987:
3942:
3932:
3697:
3626:
3586:
3511:
3459:
3450:
3440:
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3100:
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2568:
2475:
2391:
2293:
2242:
2192:
2158:
2128:
1971:
1906:
1576:
804:
793:
618:
425:
380:
of Santa Maria in Cosmedin is in an area of Rome along the Tiber River that once housed the
310:
291:
1455:
Stato della basilica diaconale, collegiate, e parrocchiale di S. Maria in Cosmedin di Roma.
4435:
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4323:
4182:
3833:
3772:
3636:
3601:
3581:
3536:
3526:
3048:
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2267:
2237:
2197:
2163:
2143:
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1816:
1580:
1508:
http://www.antropologiaartesacra.it/ALESSIO_VARISCO_ROMASantaMariaInCosmedin.html#_ftnref1
1396:
Fabio Barry, "The Mouth of Truth and the Forum Boarium: Oceanus, Hercules, and Hadrian,"
1187:, The Pelican History of Art, 2nd ed. rev. (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1978), 372.
773:
above and behind the portico and narthex of the church, consisting of a wall with a small
689:
606:
594:
535:
124:
4420:
3235:
1761:
534:(spoils) from older Roman buildings. Some scholars believe that the columns supported a
411:, probably constructed in the fourth century CE. This is thought by some to have been a
4328:
4082:
4047:
3937:
3917:
3892:
3782:
3576:
3551:
3385:
3370:
3360:
3073:
2873:
2867:
2851:
2772:
2762:
2710:
2688:
2638:
2597:
2340:
2252:
2123:
2108:
2103:
2093:
2083:
1916:
1901:
1891:
1648:
1606:
989:
Barbara J. Haveland, trans. (Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press, 2015), 64, 168.
898:
800:
770:
646:
307:
217:
167:
162:
1639:
538:(lintel) at this time and not arches. On the upper level of the outer walls, rows of
4484:
4425:
4338:
4333:
4313:
4278:
4127:
3947:
3922:
3853:
3606:
3561:
3355:
3175:
2971:
2656:
2623:
2490:
2451:
2360:
2350:
2227:
2202:
2180:
2133:
1886:
1701:
1220:
Inscrizioni delle chiese e d'altre edifici di Roma, dal secolo XI fino al secolo XVI
889:
819:
754:
488:
381:
4469:
4410:
4390:
4356:
4343:
4318:
4007:
3818:
3646:
3641:
3591:
3521:
3390:
3079:
3066:
2783:
2412:
2257:
2222:
2212:
2207:
2170:
2098:
1921:
1545:
1485:
Translated by Barara J. Haveland. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press, 2015.
894:
876:
785:
653:, a walled enclosure at the front of the nave for clergy and monks, containing the
590:
524:
412:
404:), possibly dating from the sixth century BCE. A later building on the site had a
39:
Basilica di Santa Maria in Cosmedin (Italian) Santa Maria de Schola Graeca (Latin)
1042:(Vatican City: Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana, 1959), vol. 2, 279.
3848:
3687:
3476:
2838:
2724:
2618:
2433:
2426:
2366:
774:
712:
700:
so it is possible this was the door to the church before the narthex was added.
1991:
565:
dug from the volcanic tufa slab under the east end of the church, possibly the
465:
and galleries above with six windows on each side, opening onto the main hall.
3967:
3877:
2745:
2419:
2384:
662:
539:
51:
Restored medieval façade of Santa Maria in Cosmedin, with original bell tower.
506:(Greek church) because of its location and a community of Greek monks there.
81:
68:
4217:
3992:
3962:
2777:
2512:
2118:
1205:
Anne Derbes, "Crusading Ideology and the Frescoes of S. Maria in Cosmedin,"
405:
339:
131:
1499:
Vol. 2. Vatican City: Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana, 1959.
1521:
1272:
The Churches and Catacombs of Early Christian Rome: A Comprehensive Guide
4400:
3692:
2717:
2592:
1596:
818:(papacy 1394–1423). Among the former cardinal-priests of the church was
812:
750:
642:
582:
449:
385:
377:
330:
17:
3677:
1119:
The Origins of Medieval Architecture: Building in Europe, A.D. 600–900
846:
841:
In the open narthex of the church, on the north side, can be found the
746:
704:
666:
658:
550:), derived from the Greek word κόσμος, meaning "ornament, decoration."
473:
348:
343:
3702:
1483:
The Spolia Churches of Rome: Recycling Antiquity in the Middle Ages.
987:
The Spolia Churches of Rome: Recycling Antiquity in the Middle Ages,
758:
708:
685:
654:
634:
566:
530:
476:
for the papacy. The same inscription also mentions a donation by a “
454:
408:
396:
of the church, which they have tentatively identified as part of the
384:, the ancient cattle market, and a complex of temples and shrines to
2038:
893:
was filmed in Santa Maria in Cosmedin. In the scene, Joe (played by
789:
The facade after the renovation of 1718 by architect Giuseppe Sardi.
557:
Two columns from a Roman loggia incorporated into the entrance wall.
4097:
1051:
Krautheimer, Frankl, and Corbett 1959, 306; Krautheimer 1980, 105.
1000:
The Republic of St. Peter: The Birth of the Papal States, 680–825
866:
851:
829:
784:
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681:
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and two aisles, but it culminated at the east end with three full
429:
393:
367:
321:
299:
277:
112:
1002:(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1984), 231–33.
950:(Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2007), 209; Richard Krautheimer,
762:
514:
510:
389:
313:
256:
102:
2042:
1549:
822:(1500–1558), the last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury.
954:, 312–1308 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980), 35.
1495:
Krautheimer, Richard, Wolfgang Frankl, and Spencer Corbett.
703:
The nave floor in the renovated church was a creation of the
1038:
Richard Krautheimer, Wolfgang Frankl, and Spencer Corbett,
1502:
Varisco, Alessio. "La Basilica Santa Maria in Cosmedin.
1471:
Monografie sulle chiese di Roma 2. Rome: Sansaini, 1927.
676:
Plan of the church in 1866, showing three parallel apses.
147:
935:
Il foro boario dalle origini alla fine della repubblica
860:
The sacristy houses an important mosaic fragment of an
2015:
Santa Maria dei Miracoli and Santa Maria in Montesanto
1430:
Agostino S. Amore, "S. Valentino di Roma o di Terni?"
4521:
12th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
1072:
6th ed. (Milan: Touring Club Italiano, 1965), 409.
625:
of Santa Maria in Cosmedin, and his successor, Pope
4462:
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4304:
4297:
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388:. Archaeologists discovered a platform of ancient
271:
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255:
247:
239:
234:
226:
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204:
194:
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177:
158:
153:
143:
130:
118:
108:
97:
32:
1328:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
1274:(Brighton, UK: Sussex Academic Press, 2001), 177.
1185:Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture, 800–1200
1492:. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980.
1222:(Rome: Fratelli Bencini, 1874), vol. 4, 301–27.
1081:Krautheimer, Frankl, and Corbett 1959, 296, 302.
871:Reliquary of the alleged skull of St. Valentine.
542:windows repeated the motif of the arches in the
1121:(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005), 175.
328:. Constructed first in the sixth century as a
1592:Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province of Rome
1348:Krautheimer, Frankl, and Corbett 1959, 281–82.
1148:Krautheimer, Frankl, and Corbett 1959, 279–80.
937:(Rome: Edizioni Quasar, 1992), vol. 2, 61–77.
597:(papacy 858–67). This area was burned in the
2054:
1561:
1532:High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of
8:
4153:Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria
1304:Krautheimer, Frankl, and Corbett 1959, 303.
1196:Krautheimer, Frankl, and Corbett 1959, 302.
965:Rome and Environs: An Archaeological Guide
4301:
4038:Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum
2320:
2061:
2047:
2039:
1568:
1554:
1546:
29:
491:(papacy 772–95) rebuilt and extended the
4203:Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum
3121:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
2007:
1630:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
1317:(Rome: Tipografia Vaticana, 1891), n.p.
901:) by pretending to lose his hand in the
926:
4138:Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia
3126:Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican
1315:Le chiese di Roma dal secolo IV al XIX
1161:(Rome: Sansaini, 1927), 279, fig. 87.
887:A scene from the 1953 romantic comedy
58:Click on the map for a fullscreen view
3406:Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio
1937:Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio
1360:"La Basilica Santa Maria in Cosmedin"
561:At the same time, Pope Hadrian had a
7:
3813:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Italy
3161:S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana
1687:S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana
1469:La Basilica di S. Maria in Cosmedin.
1174:(Rome: Fratelli Palombi, 1978), 94.
621:(papacy 1118–19), who had served as
101:Piazza della Bocca della Verità 18,
3829:Column of the Immaculate Conception
3758:in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere
1534:Santa Maria in Cosmedin | Art Atlas
1170:Daniela Gallavotti Cavallero, ed.,
1159:La Basilica di S. Maria in Cosmedin
976:Krautheimer 1980, 60, 75–76, 89–90.
617:In the early twelfth century, Pope
398:Great Altar of Unconquered Hercules
296:Basilica di Santa Maria in Cosmedin
4158:Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome
3111:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1782:S. Giovanni Bosco in Via Tuscolana
1615:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1490:Rome: Profile of a City, 312–1308
480:Georgios” and his brother, David.
351:of the church contains the famous
288:Basilica of Saint Mary in Cosmedin
33:Basilica of Saint Mary in Cosmedin
25:
4108:Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica
4073:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna
2549:Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
1387:(London: J. C. Nimmo, 1888), 21.
1070:Guida d'Italia: Roma e dintorni,
897:) shocks Princess Ann (played by
4506:Romanesque architecture in Lazio
4173:Museum of the Liberation of Rome
4118:Museo delle anime del Purgatorio
4068:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica
4058:Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna
2519:Temple of Antoninus and Faustina
1990:
1638:
1520:
1476:Studies on Cosmatesque Pavements
1464:. Rome: Edizioni Quasar, 2011.
1250:Guida d'Italia: Roma e dintorni
799:Santa Maria in Cosmedin was the
45:
4178:National Museum of Oriental Art
4078:Giorgio de Chirico House Museum
3507:Palazzo Barberini ai Giubbonari
3492:Domus Internationalis Paulus VI
1467:Giovenale, Giovanni Battista.
1457:Rome: Antonio de' Rossi, 1719.
1293:Guida d'Italia: Roma e dintorni
749:, warning against the evils of
157:
4198:Porta San Paolo Railway Museum
2993:Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas
1462:Santa Maria in Cosmedin a Roma
1209:77 no.3 (September 1995): 462.
915:Roman Catholic Marian churches
613:The twelfth-century renovation
1:
4511:Churches of Rome (rione Ripa)
1453:Crescimbeni, Giovanni Mario.
1400:93, no. 1 (March 2011): 7–37.
1330:26, no. 2 (May 1967): 83–87.
1157:Giovanni Battista Giovenale,
781:Later history and restoration
138:Melkite Greek Catholic Church
4163:Museum of Roman Civilization
4093:Keats–Shelley Memorial House
3572:Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne
3116:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
1625:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
509:The church was built with a
4255:Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus
4133:Museo di Roma in Trastevere
4103:Museo Archeologico Ostiense
3839:Hospital of the Holy Spirit
3411:S. Sebastiano fuori le mura
3018:Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker
2988:Catacombs of San Sebastiano
1942:S. Sebastiano fuori le mura
1172:Rione XII – Ripa – Parte II
402:Herculis Invicti Ara Maxima
4537:
4516:Churches completed in 1124
4396:Castello Orsini-Odescalchi
3482:Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi
3256:S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini
3251:S. Giovanni a Porta Latina
2524:Temple of Apollo Palatinus
1787:S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini
1777:S. Giovanni a Porta Latina
1481:Hansen, Maria Fabricius.
729:style not common in Rome.
571:Old Saint Peter’s Basilica
432:, and the violence of the
342:(bell tower) was added. A
316:, Italy, dedicated to the
280:Antonio Riccardo Menegaldo
4496:Basilica churches in Rome
4352:
4188:Palazzo delle Esposizioni
3617:Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli
3517:Palazzo della Cancelleria
2915:Column of Marcus Aurelius
2695:Basilica of Junius Bassus
2539:Temple of Hercules Victor
2529:Temple of Apollo Sosianus
2356:Arch of Septimius Severus
1980:
1636:
1587:
1358:Varisco, Alessio (2008).
484:The eighth-century church
63:
56:
44:
37:
4386:Appian Way Regional Park
4193:Pigorini National Museum
4113:Museo Civico di Zoologia
3748:della Piazza dei Quiriti
3460:List of churches in Rome
3401:Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re
3226:S. Croce in Via Flaminia
3201:S. Cecilia in Trastevere
3186:Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio
3166:S. Apollinare alle Terme
3146:S. Anastasia al Palatino
3131:S. Lorenzo fuori le mura
2910:Column of Antoninus Pius
2587:Largo di Torre Argentina
2559:Temple of Minerva Medica
2554:Temple of Jupiter Tonans
2024:Santa Maria in Cosmedin
1932:Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re
1797:S. Giuseppe al Trionfale
1752:S. Croce in Via Flaminia
1727:S. Cecilia in Trastevere
1712:Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio
1692:S. Apollinare alle Terme
1672:S. Anastasia al Palatino
1657:S. Lorenzo fuori le mura
985:Maria Fabricius Hansen,
952:Rome: Profile of a City
434:Iconoclastic Controversy
4274:Portonaccio sarcophagus
4261:Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
4238:Colossus of Constantine
4233:Augustus of Prima Porta
4208:Venanzo Crocetti Museum
4168:Museum of the Ara Pacis
4143:Museo Nazionale Etrusco
4063:Galleria Doria Pamphilj
3953:Via della Conciliazione
3913:Piazza della Repubblica
3542:Palazzo Fusconi-Pighini
3497:Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga
3336:S. Maria della Vittoria
3231:S. Croce in Gerusalemme
3181:S. Bartolomeo all'Isola
3136:S. Agnese fuori le mura
2603:Porta Maggiore Basilica
2304:Obelisk of Montecitorio
1867:S. Maria della Vittoria
1757:S. Croce in Gerusalemme
1707:S. Bartolomeo all'Isola
1662:S. Agnese fuori le mura
1527:Santa Maria in Cosmedin
1488:Krautheimer, Richard.
837:, the "mouth of truth."
320:. It is located in the
243:40 metres (130 ft)
4444:Festa della Repubblica
4284:Sistine Chapel ceiling
4148:Museo Nazionale Romano
4018:Parco degli Acquedotti
3998:Villa Borghese gardens
3958:Via dei Fori Imperiali
3532:Palazzo della Consulta
3416:S. Silvestro in Capite
3321:S. Maria in Trastevere
3316:S. Maria sopra Minerva
3291:S. Maria in Montesanto
3151:S. Andrea delle Fratte
3023:Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus
3008:Mausoleum of Maxentius
2978:Catacombs of Domitilla
2886:Villa of the Quintilii
2031:Santa Maria in Domnica
1997:Catholicism portal
1947:S. Silvestro in Capite
1852:S. Maria in Trastevere
1847:S. Maria sopra Minerva
1677:S. Andrea delle Fratte
1478:. Oxford: BAR, 1980.
1383:Frederick George Lee,
1283:Krautheimer 1980, 186.
1261:Derbes 1995, 461, 463.
1231:Hansen 2015, 165, 168.
1117:Charles B. McClendon,
1090:Krautheimer 1980, 105.
872:
857:
838:
790:
737:
677:
558:
373:
336:Melkite Greek Catholic
295:
262:10 metres (33 ft)
251:20 metres (66 ft)
4436:Events and traditions
4243:La Bocca della Verità
4088:Jewish Museum of Rome
3582:Palazzo del Quirinale
3426:S. Sofia a Via Boccea
3286:S. Maria degli Angeli
3276:S. Maria Ausiliatrice
3156:S. Andrea della Valle
2998:Mausoleum of Augustus
2932:Five-Columns Monument
2880:Insula dell'Ara Coeli
2732:Portico Dii Consentes
2700:Basilica of Maxentius
1957:S. Sofia a Via Boccea
1822:S. Maria degli Angeli
1812:S. Maria Ausiliatrice
1682:S. Andrea della Valle
1504:antropologiaartesacra
1364:antropologiaartesacra
1183:Kenneth John Conant,
1029:Ekonomou 2007, 64n.5.
1020:Noble 1984, 105, 250.
1011:Krautheimer 1980, 78.
870:
862:Adoration of the Magi
855:
835:La Bocca della Verità
833:
811:(papacy 1191–98) and
788:
761:in which are painted
735:
675:
556:
371:
184:Mary, mother of Jesus
148:https://cosmedin.org/
82:41.88806°N 12.48167°E
27:Church in Rome, Italy
4491:6th-century churches
4289:Velletri Sarcophagus
4249:Laocoön and His Sons
4003:Villa Doria Pamphili
3908:Piazza della Minerva
3733:di Piazza d'Aracoeli
3622:Palazzo del Viminale
3567:Palazzo di Giustizia
3396:Sacro Cuore di Maria
3381:Ss. Quattro Coronati
3366:S. Pietro in Vincoli
3351:S. Nicola in Carcere
3346:Ss. Nereo e Achilleo
3331:S. Maria in Via Lata
3306:S. Maria in Aracoeli
3296:S. Maria in Cosmedin
3271:S. Lorenzo in Lucina
3266:S. Lorenzo in Damaso
3261:Ss. Giovanni e Paolo
3206:Ss. Celso e Giuliano
3191:S. Camillo de Lellis
2807:Theatre of Marcellus
2579:House of the Vestals
1927:Sacro Cuore di Maria
1912:Ss. Quattro Coronati
1897:S. Pietro in Vincoli
1882:S. Nicola in Carcere
1877:Ss. Nereo e Achilleo
1862:S. Maria in Via Lata
1837:S. Maria in Aracoeli
1827:S. Maria in Cosmedin
1807:S. Lorenzo in Lucina
1802:S. Lorenzo in Damaso
1792:Ss. Giovanni e Paolo
1732:Ss. Celso e Giuliano
1717:S. Camillo de Lellis
1620:St. Peter's Basilica
1529:at Wikimedia Commons
1139:McClendon 2005, 176.
1130:Hansen 2015, 172–73.
1060:Hansen 2015, 168–70.
998:Thomas F. X. Noble,
946:Andrew J. Ekonomou,
591:St. Nicholas of Bari
3809:Altare della Patria
3470:Castles and palaces
3341:S. Martino ai Monti
3311:S. Maria del Popolo
3301:S. Maria in Domnica
3246:S. Francesca Romana
3216:Ss. Cosma e Damiano
3038:Tombs of Via Latina
3033:Tomb of the Scipios
3028:Tomb of the Haterii
3003:Mausoleum of Helena
2802:Stadium of Domitian
2792:Gardens of Maecenas
2768:Circus of Maxentius
2705:Basilica of Neptune
2682:Basilica Argentaria
2486:Baths of Diocletian
2459:Cloaca Circi Maximi
2331:Arch of Constantine
2299:Obelisk of Minerveo
1872:S. Martino ai Monti
1842:S. Maria del Popolo
1832:S. Maria in Domnica
1772:S. Francesca Romana
1742:Ss. Cosma e Damiano
1474:Glass, Dorothy F.
1460:Fusciello, Gemma.
1313:Mariano Armellini,
1218:Vincenzo Forcella,
647:Paschal candlestick
589:later dedicated to
78: /
4454:Rome Film Festival
4416:Villa Aldobrandini
4043:Capitoline Museums
3888:Clivus Capitolinus
3547:Palazzo Giustinani
3487:Castel Sant'Angelo
3431:S. Stefano Rotondo
3013:Pyramid of Cestius
2862:Palace of Domitian
2797:Gardens of Sallust
2644:Forum of Vespasian
2564:Temple of Portunus
2481:Baths of Caracalla
1962:S. Stefano Rotondo
1099:Ekonomou 2007, 42.
963:Filippo Coarelli,
933:Filippo Coarelli,
903:Bocca della Verità
883:In popular culture
873:
858:
843:Bocca della Verità
839:
791:
738:
678:
633:, were walled up,
559:
504:ecclesia graecorum
374:
353:Bocca della Verità
324:(neighborhood) of
273:Cardinal protector
195:Architectural type
87:41.88806; 12.48167
4478:
4477:
4449:Rome Quadriennale
4376:Metropolitan City
4370:
4369:
4053:Galleria Borghese
3928:Piazza San Pietro
3903:Piazza del Popolo
3898:Piazza d'Aracoeli
3871:and public spaces
3753:di Piazza Nicosia
3743:di Piazza Farnese
3738:di Piazza Colonna
3612:Palazzo Valentini
3502:Palazzo Barberini
3196:S. Carlo al Corso
3095:
3094:
3086:Ponte Sant'Angelo
3043:Tomb of Priscilla
2983:Catacombs of Rome
2857:House of Augustus
2846:Domus Transitoria
2812:Theatre of Pompey
2739:Porticus Octaviae
2629:Forum of Augustus
2534:Temple of Hadrian
2346:Arch of Gallienus
2336:Arch of Dolabella
2294:Flaminian Obelisk
2070:Landmarks of Rome
2037:
2036:
2027:Succeeded by
2021:Landmarks of Rome
2005:
2004:
1722:S. Carlo al Corso
1525:Media related to
1240:Conant 1978, 368.
1108:Hansen 2015, 172.
826:Within the church
803:not only of Pope
714:opus Alexandrinum
690:papal chamberlain
284:
283:
16:(Redirected from
4528:
4501:Titular churches
4302:
4227:Apollo Belvedere
4123:Museo delle Mura
3943:Via dei Coronari
3933:Piazza di Spagna
3627:Palazzo Wedekind
3587:Palazzo Pamphilj
3512:Palazzo Borghese
3421:S. Sisto Vecchio
2949:Porticus Aemilia
2921:Column of Phocas
2903:Column monuments
2664:Forum Holitorium
2569:Temple of Saturn
2476:Baths of Agrippa
2392:Aqua Alexandrina
2324:Triumphal arches
2321:
2193:Castra Praetoria
2063:
2056:
2049:
2040:
2011:Preceded by
2008:
1995:
1994:
1952:S. Sisto Vecchio
1642:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1547:
1541:Roma Interactive
1524:
1438:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1388:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1331:
1324:
1318:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1216:
1210:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1181:
1175:
1168:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1122:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1003:
996:
990:
983:
977:
974:
968:
961:
955:
944:
938:
931:
794:Pope Eugenius IV
500:de Schola Graeca
478:vir gloriossimus
426:Byzantine Papacy
304:de Schola Graeca
93:
92:
90:
89:
88:
83:
79:
76:
75:
74:
71:
49:
30:
21:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4458:
4430:
4406:Hadrian's Villa
4378:of Rome Capital
4377:
4366:
4362:Monte Testaccio
4348:
4293:
4212:
4183:Palazzo Colonna
4029:
4022:
3980:
3972:
3883:Campo de' Fiori
3870:
3858:
3802:Other landmarks
3797:
3773:Quattro Fontane
3651:
3637:Villa Farnesina
3632:Palazzo Zuccari
3602:Palazzo Ruspoli
3537:Palazzo Farnese
3527:Palazzo Colonna
3465:
3445:
3326:S. Maria in Via
3102:
3091:
3054:
3049:Vigna Randanini
2959:
2955:Trajan's Market
2936:
2927:Trajan's Column
2898:
2832:Domus Augustana
2816:
2751:
2669:
2634:Forum of Caesar
2607:
2574:Temple of Vesta
2544:Temple of Janus
2500:
2496:Baths of Trajan
2464:
2439:
2406:Aqua Anio Novus
2399:Aqua Anio Vetus
2372:
2315:
2308:
2289:Lateran Obelisk
2274:
2077:Walls and gates
2072:
2067:
2028:
2023:
2012:
2006:
2001:
1989:
1976:
1857:S. Maria in Via
1643:
1634:
1601:
1583:
1581:Diocese of Rome
1574:
1517:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1429:
1425:
1421:Webb 2001, 177.
1420:
1416:
1410:Roma e dintorni
1408:
1404:
1395:
1391:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:Giovenale 1927.
1338:
1334:
1325:
1321:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1217:
1213:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1165:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1006:
997:
993:
984:
980:
975:
971:
962:
958:
945:
941:
932:
928:
923:
911:
885:
877:Saint Valentine
828:
783:
723:schola cantorum
651:schola cantorum
643:bishop's throne
623:cardinal-deacon
615:
607:Robert Guiscard
595:Pope Nicholas I
486:
445:
366:
361:
308:minor basilican
172:national church
170:
166:
125:Catholic Church
86:
84:
80:
77:
72:
69:
67:
65:
64:
59:
52:
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4534:
4532:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4483:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4382:
4380:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4310:
4308:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4252:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4222:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4083:Galleria Spada
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4048:Casa di Goethe
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4013:Villa Torlonia
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3978:Parks, gardens
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3938:Piazza Venezia
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3918:Piazza Farnese
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3893:Piazza Colonna
3890:
3885:
3880:
3874:
3872:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3783:Trevi Fountain
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3763:di Ponte Sisto
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3597:Palazzo Riario
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3577:Palazzo Mattei
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3557:Palazzo Madama
3554:
3552:Lateran Palace
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3455:
3453:
3451:Other churches
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3101:Roman Catholic
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3077:
3074:Pons Fabricius
3070:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2917:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2888:
2883:
2876:
2874:Villa of Livia
2871:
2868:Villa Gordiani
2864:
2859:
2854:
2852:Flavian Palace
2849:
2842:
2835:
2827:
2825:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2775:
2773:Circus of Nero
2770:
2765:
2763:Circus Maximus
2759:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2711:Basilica Ulpia
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2689:Basilica Julia
2685:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2649:Trajan's Forum
2646:
2641:
2639:Forum of Nerva
2636:
2631:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2341:Arch of Drusus
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2198:Janiculum Wall
2195:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2154:San Sebastiano
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2084:Aurelian Walls
2080:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2043:
2035:
2034:
2025:
2018:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1987:
1985:Basilicas list
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1530:
1516:
1515:External links
1513:
1512:
1511:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:966): 260–77.
1423:
1414:
1402:
1389:
1376:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1319:
1306:
1297:
1285:
1276:
1270:Matilda Webb,
1263:
1254:
1242:
1233:
1224:
1211:
1198:
1189:
1176:
1163:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1004:
991:
978:
969:
956:
939:
925:
924:
922:
919:
918:
917:
910:
907:
899:Audrey Hepburn
884:
881:
827:
824:
801:titular church
782:
779:
771:superstructure
688:who served as
614:
611:
489:Pope Hadrian I
485:
482:
444:
438:
365:
362:
360:
357:
302:: Santa Maria
282:
281:
275:
269:
268:
264:
263:
260:
253:
252:
249:
245:
244:
241:
237:
236:
235:Specifications
232:
231:
228:
224:
223:
220:
218:Groundbreaking
214:
213:
208:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
187:
186:
181:
175:
174:
168:titular church
163:Minor basilica
160:
156:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
128:
127:
122:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
99:
95:
94:
61:
60:
57:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
38:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4533:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4427:
4426:Villa Farnese
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4373:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4279:Raphael Rooms
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4128:Museo di Roma
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4030:art galleries
4025:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3948:Via del Corso
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3923:Piazza Navona
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3854:Spanish Steps
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3844:Milizie Tower
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3824:Capocci Tower
3822:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3768:Quattro Fiumi
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3607:Palazzo Spada
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3562:Palazzo Malta
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3522:Palazzo Chigi
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3376:S. Pudenziana
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3098:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2972:Casal Rotondo
2969:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2891:Villa of the
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:Entertainment
2754:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2657:Forum Boarium
2654:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2624:Imperial fora
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2491:Baths of Nero
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2452:Cloaca Maxima
2449:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2361:Arch of Titus
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:Arch of Janus
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:Ancient Roman
2311:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2277:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2263:Querquetulana
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2186:Santo Spirito
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2139:San Pancrazio
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2033:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1907:S. Pudenziana
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
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890:Roman Holiday
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823:
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820:Reginald Pole
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816:Benedict XIII
814:
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809:Celestine III
806:
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797:
795:
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418:
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359:Early history
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4470:Vatican City
4421:Villa d'Este
4411:Ostia Antica
4391:Capo di Bove
4357:Tiber Island
4266:
4259:
4247:
4225:
4008:Villa Medici
3849:Sisto Bridge
3819:Campo Verano
3723:del Pantheon
3668:Acqua Felice
3647:Villa Madama
3642:Villa Giulia
3592:Palazzo Poli
3458:
3356:S. Pancrazio
3295:
3241:S. Eustachio
3221:S. Crisogono
3171:Ss. Apostoli
3084:
3080:Ponte Milvio
3072:
3067:Pons Cestius
3065:
3047:
2970:
2947:
2892:
2878:
2866:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2822:
2821:Palaces and
2784:Ludus Magnus
2782:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2687:
2680:
2662:
2655:
2585:
2511:
2469:Public baths
2457:
2450:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2413:Aqua Claudia
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2365:
2218:Caelimontana
2213:Servian Wall
2203:Terreus Wall
2176:Cavalleggeri
2171:Leonine Wall
2149:San Giovanni
2029:
2020:
2013:
1887:S. Pancrazio
1826:
1767:S. Eustachio
1747:S. Crisogono
1697:Ss. Apostoli
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1445:Bibliography
1434:
1431:
1426:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1398:Art Bulletin
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1392:
1384:
1379:
1367:. Retrieved
1363:
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1207:Art Bulletin
1206:
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895:Gregory Peck
888:
886:
874:
859:
840:
807:but also of
798:
792:
767:
739:
722:
713:
702:
698:
693:
679:
669:were added.
650:
630:
627:Callixtus II
616:
599:sack of Rome
580:
574:
560:
547:
543:
529:
525:opus sectile
523:
518:
508:
503:
499:
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492:
487:
477:
468:
467:
462:
458:
448:
446:
441:
421:
419:
413:
401:
375:
329:
303:
287:
285:
190:Architecture
120:Denomination
4306:Seven Hills
4028:Museums and
3834:Conti Tower
3688:Il Facchino
3673:Acqua Paola
3371:S. Prassede
3211:S. Clemente
3141:S. Agostino
2893:sette bassi
2839:Domus Aurea
2725:Curia Julia
2619:Roman Forum
2434:Aqua Tepula
2427:Aqua Marcia
2367:Arcus Novus
2208:Romuli Wall
1902:S. Prassede
1737:S. Clemente
1667:S. Agostino
1369:November 4,
805:Gelasius II
775:rose window
619:Gelasius II
497:Santa Maria
355:sculpture.
318:Virgin Mary
85: /
4485:Categories
4324:Capitoline
3968:Via Veneto
3878:Appian Way
3778:Tartarughe
3236:S. Eugenio
3176:S. Balbina
2746:Tabularium
2420:Aqua Julia
2385:Aqua Appia
2243:Fontinalis
2159:Settimiana
1762:S. Eugenio
1702:S. Balbina
1432:Antonianum
1412:1965, 409.
1295:1965, 409.
1252:1965, 409.
921:References
694:camerarius
605:troops of
573:. The six
540:clerestory
536:trabeation
406:colonnaded
392:under the
211:Romanesque
179:Dedication
73:12°28′54″E
70:41°53′17″N
4329:Esquiline
4298:Landscape
3993:Villa Ada
3963:Via Sacra
3708:Navicella
3683:Barcaccia
3656:Fountains
3441:S. Vitale
3436:S. Teresa
3391:S. Sabina
3103:basilicas
2778:Colosseum
2513:Ara Pacis
2505:Religious
2377:Aqueducts
2316:landmarks
2268:Trigemina
2248:Gallienus
2238:Esquilina
2233:Dolabella
2164:Tiburtina
2144:San Paolo
2114:Nomentana
2089:Ardeatina
1972:S. Vitale
1967:S. Teresa
1922:S. Sabina
1577:Basilicas
711:, called
692:(Latin:
663:campanile
609:in 1084.
548:kosmidion
469:Diaconiae
463:diaconia,
400:(Latin:
340:campanile
311:church in
227:Completed
132:Sui iuris
4401:Frascati
4339:Quirinal
4334:Palatine
4314:Aventine
3988:Bioparco
3981:and zoos
3693:Marforio
3361:Pantheon
3281:S. Marco
2941:Commerce
2718:Comitium
2598:Pantheon
2593:Lupercal
2281:obelisks
2279:Ancient
2253:Viminale
2124:Pinciana
2109:Metronia
2104:Maggiore
2094:Asinaria
1892:Pantheon
1817:S. Marco
1597:Holy See
909:See also
813:antipope
751:idolatry
719:porphyry
649:, and a
639:ciborium
635:frescoes
631:diaconia
583:sacristy
544:diaconia
519:diaconia
493:diaconia
450:diaconia
442:diaconia
386:Hercules
378:basilica
364:The site
331:diaconia
98:Location
18:Cosmedin
4463:Enclave
4344:Viminal
4319:Caelian
3868:streets
3864:Squares
3793:Tritone
3788:Tritons
3718:Nettuno
3713:Neptune
3678:Babuino
3386:S. Saba
3059:Bridges
2228:Collina
2181:Pertusa
2134:Portese
1917:S. Saba
1579:in the
847:Oceanus
747:Ezekiel
709:mosaics
705:Cosmati
667:portico
659:lectern
601:by the
587:oratory
585:and an
502:or the
474:Ravenna
349:narthex
344:Baroque
306:) is a
292:Italian
154:History
144:Website
109:Country
3728:Pianto
3703:Nasone
2823:villae
2444:Sewers
2258:Naevia
2223:Capena
2129:Popolo
2099:Latina
1506:2008.
759:frieze
743:Daniel
727:Gothic
686:cleric
682:layman
655:pulpit
603:Norman
575:spolia
567:podium
531:spolia
455:Naples
409:loggia
267:Clergy
240:Length
222:c. 550
199:Church
159:Status
134:church
4268:Pietà
4098:MAXXI
2964:Tombs
2674:Civic
1649:Minor
1607:Major
1435:41 (1
763:fauns
563:crypt
515:apses
430:Islam
394:crypt
322:rione
300:Latin
278:Msgr.
259:width
248:Width
206:Style
113:Italy
3698:Moro
2612:Fora
1371:2023
745:and
657:and
511:nave
440:The
390:tufa
376:The
326:Ripa
314:Rome
286:The
257:Nave
230:1123
103:Rome
4218:Art
3663:Api
3477:Arx
2119:Pia
684:or
4487::
3866:,
1362:.
905:.
777:.
645:,
641:,
581:A
298:;
294::
3815:)
3811:(
2923:"
2919:"
2062:e
2055:t
2048:v
1569:e
1562:t
1555:v
1510:.
1373:.
290:(
165:,
20:)
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