31:
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218:
and later find another host. When they have found the correct species of fish for their adult development, they attach more permanently. As adults, most species require a particular host species, and are also site-specific. Locations for attachment chosen by different species of parasite include the
201:
is one of the most devastating ectoparasites in
Mediterranean aquaculture. Around 40 genera and more than 380 species of cymothoid are recognised. Species of the Cymothoidae are generally found in warmer waters and rarely in the cool and cold climates.
30:
235:
that prevent male cymothoids in the vicinity from becoming female. These parasites can cause serious damage to their hosts, ranging from slow growth rate, through tissue damage and anaemia, to death. Many host fish have
210:
Cymothoids exhibit various adaptations to their parasitic lifestyles. As juveniles, they are not specific in their requirements, and attach themselves temporarily to the skin of any fish. They produce
823:
231:; each juvenile develops first into a male, but if no females are nearby, the male later becomes a female and attaches permanently to the host. This female is able to secrete
1003:
1453:
863:
1492:
1427:
1125:
Bunkley-Williams, Lucy; Williams, Ernest H. Jr. (1998). "Ability of
Pederson Cleaner Shrimp to Remove Juveniles of the Parasitic Cymothoid Isopod,
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383:
366:
349:
286:
1204:"Functional morphology of parasitic isopods: understanding morphological adaptations of attachment and feeding structures in
1011:
696:
1471:
1290:
1479:
1375:
1362:
836:
846:
58:
1497:
1061:"Shape of attachment structures in parasitic isopodan crustaceans: the influence of attachment site and ontogeny"
453:
228:
928:
Niel L. Bruce & Marilyn
Schotte (2011). Schotte M, Boyko CB, Bruce NL, Poore GC, Taiti S, Wilson GD (eds.).
1584:
327:
45:
1278:
1258:
1111:
246:, whereby the fish visits a "cleaning station" and the shrimps remove and feed on the cymothoid parasites.
1302:
195:), which attaches to a fish's tongue, causing it to atrophy, and replaces the tongue with its own body.
1032:
Brusca, Richard C. (1981). "A monograph on the
Isopoda Cymothoidae (Crustacea) of the eastern Pacific".
357:
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100:
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232:
90:
70:
1325:
1251:
1104:
958:
R. C. Brusca; M. R. Gilligan (1983). "Tongue replacement in a marine fish (
1273:
1393:
1388:
1319:
622:
448:
1150:
1004:"Tongue Biters and Deep Sea Giants: The Cymothoida (Crustacea: Isopoda)"
1224:
1077:
985:
461:
110:
1445:
964:
171:
80:
1432:
1296:
977:
934:
World Marine, Freshwater and
Terrestrial Isopod Crustaceans database
219:
skin, fins, gills, and mouth, while some species bore into muscle.
1208:
as a pre-requisite for reconstructing the evolution of
Cymothoidae"
1528:
181:
found in both marine and freshwater environments. Cymoithoids are
144:
186:
1300:
1419:
214:
and suck the fish's blood. They detach from their first
1174:
Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 (Isopoda: Cymothoidae)"
1309:
962:) by a parasitic isopod (Crustacea: Isopoda)".
189:, and they include the bizarre "tongue-biter" (
1059:van der Wal, Serita; Haug, Joachim T. (2020).
8:
1202:Nagler, Christina; Haug, Joachim T. (2016).
1297:
240:arrangements with certain shrimps such as
29:
20:
1241:
1223:
1094:
1076:
1034:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
997:
995:
923:
921:
917:
819:
776:Williams & Bunkley-Williams, 1994
7:
1534:E129637E-FF9C-A444-FF47-FF63FCC4FEE3
1508:929cb3a5-8f83-44cb-b863-2c11d355a95a
258:, the family contains these genera:
1046:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1981.tb01592.x
14:
1170:for the preoccupied isopod genus
1284:
1272:
1257:
1110:
938:World Register of Marine Species
895:
879:
862:
845:
822:
256:World Register of Marine Species
57:
1181:Munis Entomology & Zoology
1:
564:Williams & Williams, 1986
837:Pristipomoides filamentosus
686:Szidat & Schubart, 1960
1601:
1002:Srour, Marc (2012-07-13).
229:protandrous hermaphrodites
1164:Hüseyin Özdikmen (2009).
554:Bowman & Tareen, 1983
150:
143:
54:Scientific classification
52:
37:
28:
23:
1143:10.1163/156854098x00888
46:Spondyliosoma cantharus
676:Lemos de Castro, 1955
243:Ancylomenes pedersoni
198:Ceratothoa oestroides
16:Family of crustaceans
1281:at Wikimedia Commons
43:on a black seabream
617:Costa in Hope, 1851
1225:10.7717/peerj.2188
1129:, from the Host".
1078:10.7717/peerj.9181
874:, lingual parasite
1567:
1566:
1516:Open Tree of Life
1303:Taxon identifiers
1277:Media related to
960:Lutjanus guttatus
831:Anilocra gigantea
815:
810:Tetragonocephalon
805:
787:
777:
767:
757:
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254:According to the
160:
159:
139:
40:Anilocra physodes
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1524:
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1485:NHMSYS0021050529
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1371:
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1289:Data related to
1288:
1276:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1245:
1227:
1189:
1188:
1178:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1127:Anilocra haemuli
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1080:
1056:
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1010:. Archived from
1008:Teaching Biology
999:
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664:H. Milne-Edwards
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1585:Isopod families
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1196:Further reading
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978:10.2307/1444352
957:
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952:
942:
940:
927:
926:
919:
914:
907:
904:Nerocila armata
900:
891:
888:Mothocya sajori
884:
875:
871:Cymothoa exigua
867:
858:
850:
841:
827:
818:
252:
227:Cymothoids are
225:
208:
206:Characteristics
192:Cymothoa exigua
133:
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1307:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1293:at Wikispecies
1282:
1268:
1267:External links
1265:
1264:
1263:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1156:
1137:(8): 862–869.
1117:
1051:
1040:(2): 117–199.
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991:
972:(3): 813–816.
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786:Özdikmen, 2009
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517:Herklots, 1870
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322:Thatcher, 1993
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251:
250:Classification
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212:anticoagulants
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1187:(2): 611–612.
1186:
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1175:
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1169:
1166:"A new name,
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1025:
1014:on 2014-06-06
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930:"Cymothoidae"
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682:Philostomella
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295:Amblycephalon
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185:, usually of
184:
183:ectoparasites
180:
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165:
156:
155:40; see text
154:
149:
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142:
137:
132:
129:
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125:
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119:
117:Superfamily:
116:
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1167:
1159:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1016:. Retrieved
1012:the original
1007:
969:
963:
959:
953:
941:. Retrieved
933:
902:
886:
869:
852:
835:
829:
814:Avdeev, 1978
808:
791:
780:
770:
766:Szidat, 1948
760:
743:
730:
726:Pillai, 1964
720:
703:
690:
680:
672:Paracymothoa
670:
657:
644:
634:
621:
611:
598:
585:
568:
558:
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521:
513:Ichthyoxenus
511:
494:
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299:Pillai, 1954
293:
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253:
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209:
196:
190:
163:
161:
152:
151:
138:, 1818
130:
121:Cymothooidea
101:Malacostraca
44:
38:
24:Cymothoidae
18:
1441:iNaturalist
1368:Cymothoidae
1355:Cymothoidae
1341:Cymothoidae
1335:Wikispecies
1311:Cymothoidae
1291:Cymothoidae
1279:Cymothoidae
1131:Crustaceana
943:December 9,
722:Pseudoirona
659:Ourozeuktes
640:Bruce, 1990
426:Bruce, 1987
238:mutualistic
164:Cymothoidae
131:Cymothoidae
1580:Cymothoida
1574:Categories
1018:2014-06-03
912:References
697:Richardson
692:Pleopodias
600:Lobothorax
496:Glossobius
392:Ceratothoa
233:pheromones
179:Cymothoida
91:Arthropoda
1234:2167-8359
1218:: e2188.
1087:2167-8359
1071:: e9181.
798:Schioedte
750:Schioedte
710:Schioedte
575:Schioedte
570:Lathraena
540:Isonebula
528:Schioedte
501:Schioedte
484:Schioedte
467:Schioedte
454:Fabricius
437:Schioedte
410:Schioedte
380:Schioedte
363:Schioedte
346:Schioedte
333:Schioedte
328:Artystone
283:Schioedte
77:Kingdom:
71:Eukaryota
1389:BugGuide
1320:Wikidata
1252:27441121
1206:Nerocila
1168:Smenispa
1151:20106067
1105:32596034
854:Anilocra
782:Smenispa
745:Rhiothra
732:Renocila
646:Olencira
636:Norileca
623:Nerocila
613:Mothocya
587:Livoneca
449:Cymothoa
432:Cterissa
422:Creniola
375:Catoessa
305:Anilocra
265:Aegathoa
176:suborder
127:Family:
87:Phylum:
81:Animalia
67:Domain:
1394:1200364
1243:4941765
1096:7306222
986:1444352
802:Meinert
793:Telotha
772:Ryukyua
754:Meinert
714:Meinert
605:Bleeker
579:Meinert
532:Meinert
505:Meinert
488:Meinert
471:Meinert
462:Elthusa
441:Meinert
414:Meinert
384:Meinert
367:Meinert
350:Meinert
341:Asotana
318:Anphira
287:Meinert
223:Biology
174:in the
172:isopods
111:Isopoda
107:Order:
97:Class:
1557:118274
1544:524520
1541:uBio:
1521:981551
1505:NZOR:
1498:142082
1459:110381
1326:Q18885
1250:
1240:
1232:
1172:Enispa
1149:
1103:
1093:
1085:
984:
965:Copeia
804:, 1884
800:&
788:
762:Riggia
756:, 1884
752:&
739:, 1880
716:, 1881
712:&
705:Plotor
699:, 1910
666:, 1840
653:, 1818
630:, 1818
607:, 1857
594:, 1818
581:, 1881
577:&
550:Joryma
534:, 1884
530:&
507:, 1883
503:&
490:, 1883
486:&
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