809:
837:
1317:
1621:
1769:
801:
1436:
1369:
165:
710:
1265:
785:), which has been introduced over much of the temperate world. After flowering is finished, the dandelion flower head dries out for a day or two. The dried petals and stamens drop off, the bracts reflex (curve backwards), and the parachute ball opens into a full sphere. When development is complete, the mature seeds are attached to white, fluffy "parachutes" which easily detach from the seedhead and glide by wind, dispersing.
147:
726:
1417:
864:). Both plants carry similar flowers, which form into windborne seeds. However, dandelion flowers are borne singly on unbranched, hairless and leafless, hollow stems, while cat's ear flowering stems are branched, solid, and carry bracts. Both plants have a basal rosette of leaves and a central taproot. However, the leaves of dandelions are smooth or glabrous, whereas those of cat's ears are coarsely hairy.
2002:
1343:
1291:
399:
138:
2075:
5027:
1497:
1239:
826:
2224:, IME is building a pilot facility. As of May 2014, the first prototype test tires made with blends from dandelion-rubber are scheduled for testing on public roads over the next few years. In December 2017, Linglong Group Co. Ltd., a Chinese company, invested $ 450 million into making commercially viable rubber from dandelions.
808:
1988:
in Europe, North
America, and China. It's possible that the Dandelion has physiological effects in Type 2 Diabetes. Dandelion components play a significant role in the control of lipid metabolism and adipogenesis, which means dandelion can potentially be used to treat obesity. Dandelion leaves and
1784:
The entire plant, including the leaves, stems, flowers, and roots, is edible and nutritious, with nutrients such as vitamins A and K as well as calcium and iron. Dandelions are found on six continents and have been gathered for food since prehistory, but the varieties commercially cultivated for
2176:
In 2018, researchers discovered that dandelion seeds have a separated vortex ring. This work provided evidence that dandelion seeds have fluid behavior around fluid-immersed bodies that may help understand locomotion, weight reduction and particle retention in biological and man-made structures.
1997:
Dandelions do not depend on wildlife for distribution or pollination; however much of wildlife benefits from the abundance of the plant. Rabbits, wild turkeys, white-tailed deer, eastern chipmunks, bobwhite quail, and many species of birds will consume the seeds and foliage. Additionally, many
796:
that stays attached to the seed rather than being sent downstream. In addition to the creation of this vortex ring, the pappus can adjust its morphology depending on the moisture in the air. This allows the plume of seeds to close up and reduce the chance to separate from the stem, waiting for
1556:
meaning "lion's tooth", referring to the coarsely toothed leaves. The plant is also known as blowball, cankerwort, doon-head-clock, witch's gowan, milk witch, lion's-tooth, yellow-gowan, Irish daisy, monks-head, priest's-crown, and puff-ball; other common names include
483:(the red-seeded dandelion), were introduced from Europe into North America, where they are an invasive species. Dandelions thrive in temperate regions and can be found in yards, gardens, sides of roads, among crops, and in many other habitats. Both species are
1754:
of dandelion roots. Maximal activity of the proteinase in the roots is attained in April, at the beginning of plant development after the winter period. Each dandelion seed has a mass(weight) of 500 micrograms or 0.0005g (1/125 of a grain).
921:; some botanists take a much narrower view and only accept a total of about 60 (macro)species. By 2015, the number has been revised to include 60 sections and about 2800 microspecies. 30 of these sections are known to reproduce sexually.
4233:
Huber M, Triebwasser-Freese D, Reichelt M, et al. (2015). "Identification, quantification, spatiotemporal distribution and genetic variation of major latex secondary metabolites in the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.)".
4496:
González-Castejón M, García-Carrasco B, Fernández-Dacosta R, et al. (May 2014). "Reduction of adipogenesis and lipid accumulation by
Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) extracts in 3T3L1 adipocytes: an in vitro study".
693:) in two series. The inner bracts are erect until the seeds mature, then flex downward to allow the seeds to disperse. The outer bracts are often reflexed downward, but remain appressed in plants of the sections
2209:
1325:
4763:
2038:
Szabo studied nectar secretion in a dandelion patch over two years (59.2 and 8.9 flowers per square metre (5.50 and 0.83/sq ft) in 1981 and 1982). He measured average nectar volume at 7.4
3531:
An illustrated flora of the northern United States and Canada: from
Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian
701:. Between the pappus and the achene is a stalk called a beak, which elongates as the fruit matures. The beak breaks off from the achene quite easily, separating the seed from the parachute.
4608:
2690:
2212:(IME) in Germany developed a cultivar of the Russian dandelion that is suitable for current commercial production of natural rubber. The latex produced exhibits the same quality as the
3253:
4986:
4532:
Sigstedt SC, Hooten CJ, Callewaert MC, et al. (May 2008). "Evaluation of aqueous extracts of
Taraxacum officinale on growth and invasion of breast and prostate cancer cells".
1404:'Broad-leaved' - The leaves are thick and tender and easily blanched. In rich soils, they can be up to 60 mm (2') wide. Plants do not go to seed as quickly as French types.
2042:/flower in 1981 and 3.7 μl/flower in 1982. The flowers tended to open in the morning and close in the afternoon with the concentrations significantly higher on the second day.
2106:
as the most common invasive species in the park and hosts an annual "Dandelion
Demolition" event where volunteers are trained to remove the plant from the park's roadsides.
2208:, the Russian dandelion, is a species that produced industrially useful amounts during WW2. Using modern cultivation methods and optimization techniques, scientists in the
3370:
1968:
are present in high concentrations in the main root and stems of the common dandelion. However, only a few researchers have mentioned the possible risk of mild allergic
1885:, a species endemic to Crete, is eaten in the same way; it is found only at high altitudes (1,000–1,600 metres (3,300–5,200 ft)) and in fallow sites, and is called
4431:
2173:
The ability of dandelion seeds to travel as far as a kilometer in dry, windy and warm conditions, has been an inspiration for designing light-weight passive drones.
5317:
773:(i.e. morphologically distinct clonal populations) are recognised in nine loosely defined sections, of which 40 are "probably endemic". A number of species of
3795:
Bogacheva AM, Rudenskaya GN, Preusser A, et al. (1999). "A new subtilisin-like proteinase from roots of the dandelion
Taraxacum officinale Webb S. L".
2426:"A comprehensive analysis of chemical and biological pollutants (natural and anthropogenic origin) of soil and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) samples"
4076:"Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds Supporting the Therapy of Co-Existing Diseases in Metabolic Syndrome"
471:. The scientific and hobby study of the genus is known as taraxacology. The genus is native to Eurasia but the two most commonplace species worldwide,
5473:
910:. Phylogenetic approaches are also complicated by the accelerated mutation in apomixic lines and repeated ancient hybridization events in the genus.
5239:
5291:
5252:
3190:"Taraxacum kok-saghyz (rubber dandelion) genomic microsatellite loci reveal modest genetic diversity and cross-amplify broadly to related species"
4447:"Potential use of the Asteraceae family as a cure for diabetes: A review of ethnopharmacology to modern day drug and nutraceuticals developments"
2184:
demonstrated battery-free wireless sensors and computers that mimic dandelion seeds and can float in the wind and disperse across a large area.
5353:
3134:
3996:
3931:
3589:
3539:
3444:
3169:
3118:
1479:
5008:
3644:
3257:
2558:
2151:
4807:
4561:"Dandelion root extract affects colorectal cancer proliferation and survival through the activation of multiple death signalling pathways"
4277:
Bekhaled I, Benalia A, Mehida H, et al. (15 May 2020). "Evaluation of the Acute
Toxicity of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Roots".
3012:"Towards a better understanding of the Taraxacum evolution (Compositae–Cichorieae) on the basis of nrDNA of sexually reproducing species"
2537:
4859:
5148:
2991:
836:
2165:, and "Dandelion Yellow" is one of the school's official colors. "The Dandelion Yellow" is an official University of Rochester song.
4817:
4675:
2958:
2750:
2099:
1429:
1377:
532:
5153:
1474:
for much of recorded history. They were well known to ancient
Egyptians, Greeks and Romans, and are recorded to have been used in
3518:
S. Potter & L. Sargent (1973) Pedigree: essays on the etymology of words from nature. Collins New
Naturalist series Volume 56
1316:
5278:
4013:
2827:
Ledda PG, Siconolfi L, Viola F, et al. (2 July 2019). "Flow dynamics of a dandelion pappus: A linear stability approach".
3891:
2705:
608:
are yellow to orange coloured, and are open in the daytime, but closed at night. The heads are borne singly on a hollow stem (
5402:
4047:
3629:
Antiquitates curiosae: the etymology of many remarkable old sayings, proverbs and singular customs explained by Joseph Taylor
1273:
1620:
5296:
5304:
3384:
2504:
1838:
1521:
3460:
2147:
It has been a
Western tradition for someone to blow out a dandelion seedhead and think of a wish they want to come true.
5468:
3738:
1475:
600:
In general, the leaves are 50–250 mm (2–10 in) long or longer, simple, lobed-to-pinnatisect, and form a basal
2951:
Investigating seed dispersal distances and long distance dispersal mechanisms of the invasive plant, Alliaria Petiolata
2263:"Complete chloroplast genomes from apomictic Taraxacum (Asteraceae): Identity and variation between three microspecies"
1998:
insects will collect nectar from the flower, especially in early spring when there are very few other flowers in bloom.
5122:
4684:
3164:. B.S.B.I. handbook (Reprinted with minor alterations 2000 ed.). London: Botanical Society of the British Isles.
1150:, the rock dandelion, achenes reddish brown and leaves deeply cut throughout the length, inner bracts' tips are hooded
944:
5041:
1936:. Dandelions were once considered delicacies by the Victorian gentry, who used them mostly in salads and sandwiches.
5448:
5407:
5366:
317:
295:
164:
45:
5322:
5463:
2706:"Engineers uncover secret 'thinking' behind dandelions' seed dispersal | Imperial News | Imperial College London"
2483:
1964:
for sensitive individuals when consumed or coming into contact with skin, but the risk is mild. Latex containing
1018:
956:
875:) by their basal rosette of leaves, their lack of disc florets, and the absence of scales on the flowering stem.
675:
5458:
3960:
2181:
1768:
1549:
1398:
1351:
1191:
1087:
1045:
1038:
479:
5371:
3707:
3555:
906:
complex due to the presence of apomixis: any morphologically distinct clonal population would deserve its own
559:
Like other members of the family Asteraceae, they have very small flowers collected together into a composite
3773:
5226:
4176:"Functional Studies of Plant Latex as a Rich Source of Bioactive Compounds: Focus on Proteins and Alkaloids"
2566:
2158:
484:
4833:
4669:
Stewart-Wade SM, Neumann S, Collins LL, et al. (1 October 2002). "The biology of Canadian weeds. 117.
3279:
5200:
5065:
2409:
2382:
2120:
With a wide range of uses, the dandelion is cultivated in small gardens to massive farms. It is kept as a
1299:
1207:
1030:
640:
when broken. A rosette may produce several flowering stems at a time. The flower heads are 20–50 mm (
894:). These are readily distinguished by branched flowering stems, which are usually hairy and bear leaves.
5231:
5205:
4751:
4425:
2619:
2400:
1965:
1929:
1921:
1199:
1154:
1011:
982:
5031:
2202:
when the tissues are cut or broken, yet in the wild type, the latex content is low and varies greatly.
5257:
800:
5332:
5161:
4916:
4723:
4243:
3946:
3895:
3838:
3201:
3023:
2836:
2785:
2437:
2274:
2204:
2193:
1985:
1440:
1247:
1175:
1146:
1138:
1080:
1053:
989:
842:
586:
473:
311:
36:
3301:
757:
areas of the Northern Hemisphere. The genus contains many species, which usually (or in the case of
3921:
1802:
1130:
1107:
3608:
1435:
154:
A dandelion flower head composed of numerous small florets (top). The seedhead is shown below it.
5443:
5415:
5358:
5213:
4958:
4940:
4704:
4017:
3872:
3776:. Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. 1 July 2016
3655:
3089:
3039:
2870:
2809:
2570:
2343:
1969:
1222:
1168:
1123:
1115:
1073:
1004:
997:
903:
570:
337:
159:
4780:
2614:
3986:
3326:
788:
The seeds are able to cover large distances when dispersed due to the unique morphology of the
552: 'lion's tooth', referring to the jagged leaves) is also given to specific members of the
5340:
5135:
4932:
4813:
4731:
4696:
4590:
4541:
4514:
4478:
4413:
4364:
4329:
4294:
4259:
4215:
4197:
4156:
4115:
4097:
4053:
4043:
3992:
3927:
3917:
3864:
3856:
3804:
3755:
3585:
3535:
3440:
3235:
3217:
3165:
3114:
2987:
2964:
2954:
2931:
2862:
2801:
2746:
2512:
2488:
2465:
2302:
1834:
1533:
1444:
1161:
963:
868:
4748:
3627:
1592:
effect of the plant's roots. In various northeastern Italian dialects, the plant is known as
1397:'Amélioré à Coeur Plein' yields an abundant crop without taking up much ground, and tends to
5345:
4924:
4688:
4646:
4580:
4572:
4506:
4468:
4458:
4403:
4395:
4356:
4321:
4286:
4251:
4205:
4187:
4146:
4105:
4087:
3846:
3747:
3680:
3225:
3209:
3079:
3031:
2921:
2911:
2901:
2852:
2844:
2793:
2455:
2445:
2335:
2292:
2282:
2083:
1925:
1830:
1818:
1814:
1601:
968:
914:
709:
601:
494:
414:
1134:, the Japanese dandelion, no ring of smallish, downward-turned leaves under the flower head
547:
3581:
3070:
2366:
2326:
2261:
Rubar Hussein M. Salih, Ľuboš Majeský, Trude Schwarzacher, et al. (9 February 2017).
2121:
2115:
1842:
1826:
1822:
1794:
1773:
1501:
1368:
940:
855:
789:
770:
746:
730:
541:
460:
202:
41:
5218:
5103:
3506:
3490:
5192:
4920:
4881:
4473:
4446:
4247:
3842:
3205:
3027:
2840:
2789:
2685:
2441:
2278:
1057:, the horned dandelion, considered by some sources to be a North American subspecies of
146:
5453:
4585:
4560:
4408:
4383:
4325:
4210:
4175:
4110:
4075:
3352:
3230:
3189:
3084:
3061:
2926:
2889:
2460:
2425:
2361:
2297:
2262:
2221:
2213:
2162:
2018:
1856:
1777:
1729:
1525:
725:
609:
189:
4609:"Out My Backdoor: In Defense of Dandelions | Department Of Natural Resources Division"
4135:"Literature Review on the Biological Effects of Taraxacum Officinale Plant In Therapy"
3851:
3826:
2984:
Wild flowers of Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora
2584:
1416:
1264:
5437:
4963:
4944:
4904:
4634:
3011:
2874:
2656:
2624:
2095:
1989:
dandelion root extracts have been shown to possibly decrease growth of cancer cells.
1846:
1790:
1698:
714:
560:
258:
95:
4708:
4255:
3876:
3353:"The red-leaved Faroese dandelion, Taraxacum rubifolium Rasmussen | Fróðskaparrit -"
3043:
2813:
1524:
around 900 CE wrote "the tarashaquq is like chicory". The scientist and philosopher
662:(in both British and American English) containing many single-seeded fruits called
5420:
5042:"Unloved in bloom, unwelcomed in summer: Weeding through the lore of the dandelion"
4987:"Fraunhofer and Continental come together when the dandelion rubber meets the road"
4347:
Paulsen E (2017). "Systemic allergic dermatitis caused by sesquiterpene lactones".
3425:
by Felix Yu. VELICHKEVICH and Ewa ZASTAWNIAK - Acta Palaeobot. 43(2): 137–259, 2003
2848:
2736:
2542:
2217:
2091:
2001:
1717:
1660:
918:
907:
605:
303:
5140:
5114:
4384:"The Physiological Effects of Dandelion (Taraxacum Officinale) in Type 2 Diabetes"
5127:
3827:"Taraxalisin -- a serine proteinase from dandelion Taraxacum officinale Webb s.l"
3574:
3529:
3108:
2740:
2450:
2287:
5394:
5309:
5265:
5097:
2664:
2592:
2129:
2055:
1806:
1743:
1725:
1625:
1517:
860:
793:
594:
578:
70:
4928:
4463:
3388:
3213:
2770:
398:
4576:
3751:
3464:
3035:
2797:
1928:. Dandelion was also commonly used to make the traditional British soft drink
1721:
1706:
1702:
1577:
1342:
851:
750:
679:
664:
464:
278:
268:
248:
137:
115:
80:
4735:
4700:
4635:"The influence of livestock management on habitat quality for farmland birds"
4298:
4290:
4201:
4160:
4101:
4057:
3860:
3221:
2968:
2890:"Environmental morphing enables informed dispersal of the dandelion diaspore"
2866:
2638:
2516:
2086:
and infestation of other crops worldwide; in some jurisdictions, the species
597:, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant.
5187:
5174:
5009:"Linglong to fund research into dandelion rubber | Rubber and Plastics News"
4399:
4151:
4134:
3110:
Dandelions of Great Britain and Ireland (Handbooks for Field Identification)
2916:
2745:(Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. p. 712.
2128:
brings up nutrients for shallow-rooting plants. It is also known to attract
2059:
1933:
1713:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1484:
1407:'Vert de Montmagny' is a large-leaved, vigorous grower, which matures early.
929:
813:
758:
754:
238:
120:
64:
5384:
5088:
4936:
4594:
4545:
4518:
4482:
4417:
4368:
4263:
4219:
4119:
3808:
3759:
3239:
2935:
2805:
2469:
2306:
2074:
1290:
5026:
4333:
4192:
4092:
3868:
636: in) or more above the leaves. Stems and leaves exude a white, milky
487:
in their entirety and have a long history of consumption. The common name
5379:
5082:
3418:
3410:
3135:"Overlooked dandelion diversity in BC (and everywhere in North America?)"
2136:
1747:
1709:
1597:
1589:
1463:
925:
879:
766:
762:
590:
228:
215:
110:
105:
90:
85:
75:
17:
4650:
3825:
Rudenskaya GN, Bogacheva AM, Preusser A, et al. (23 October 1998).
2906:
2857:
2505:"Plantwatch: The remarkable 'dent de lion' is becoming much more fierce"
1496:
1238:
5244:
3414:
3093:
3010:
Kirschner J, Záveská Drábková L, Štěpánek J, et al. (April 2015).
2347:
2132:
2125:
1973:
1961:
1810:
1798:
1786:
1686:
1664:
1644:
1467:
1451:
781:
that rapidly colonize disturbed soil, especially the common dandelion (
778:
742:
125:
100:
4360:
1478:
for over a thousand years. The plant was used as food and medicine by
825:
5270:
4510:
4133:
Faria TC, Nascimento CC, Vasconcelos SD, et al. (14 June 2019).
3422:
2033:
1945:
1917:
1737:
1733:
1609:
1455:
1450:
Dandelions are thought to have evolved about 30 million years ago in
887:
829:
670:
654:. The flower heads mature into spherical seed heads sometimes called
651:
565:
30:"Dandelion" redirects here. It may refer to any species of the genus
5059:
4692:
3254:"Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute - Taraxacum ceratophorum"
3113:. Botanical Society of the British Isles Publications. p. 330.
2339:
932:
microspecies have been recorded in Great Britain and Ireland alone.
2154:. The citizens celebrate spring with an annual Dandelion Festival.
1944:
The yellow flowers can be dried and ground into a yellow-pigmented
832:
flower heads and ripe seeds are sometimes confused with dandelions.
804:
The pappus of a dandelion seed, which aids in wind-driven dispersal
5283:
5179:
2424:
Boguś MI, Wrońska AK, Kaczmarek A, et al. (20 January 2023).
2199:
2073:
2051:
2039:
2000:
1913:
1860:
1767:
1751:
1619:
1495:
1434:
1415:
835:
824:
807:
799:
724:
708:
690:
686:
637:
553:
456:
397:
176:
3463:. Maine Organic Farmers and Gardeners Association. Archived from
797:
optimal conditions that will maximize dispersal and germination.
4837:
4766:
3988:
Wild edible plants of Crete - Η Άγρια βρώσιμη χλωρίδα της Κρήτης
2094:. It can also be considered invasive in protected areas such as
2063:
1732:. The roots contain a substantial amount of the prebiotic fiber
1652:
1471:
5063:
4559:
Ovadje P, Ammar S, Guerrero JA, et al. (8 November 2016).
3188:
Nowicki M, Zhao Y, Boggess SL, et al. (13 February 2019).
2771:"A separated vortex ring underlies the flight of the dandelion"
2017:
seeds are an important food source for certain birds (linnets,
913:
As of 1970, the group is divided into about 34 macrospecies or
5166:
4903:
Iyer V, Gaensbauer H, Daniel TL, et al. (17 March 2022).
4860:"White Sulphur Springs hosts West Virginia Dandelion Festival"
2888:
Seale M, Zhdanov O, Cummins C, et al. (7 February 2019).
2210:
Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology
1949:
1801:
is left intact. To make leaves more palatable, they are often
1668:
524:
4834:"Welcome to Main Street White Sulphur Springs...Make it home"
3736:—a review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile".
858:. Dandelion flowers are very similar to those of cat's ears (
3892:"Edible weeds that are safe to eat and how you can use them"
3497:
by Ernest Weekley (1921) it is reported that Arabic طرشقون
3985:
Kleonikos G. Stavridakis, Κλεόνικος Γ. Σταυριδάκης (2006).
1482:. Dandelions were probably brought to North America on the
518:
512:
444:
438:
420:
2589:
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms
1091:, the red-seeded dandelion, often considered a variety of
4174:
Gracz-Bernaciak J, Mazur O, Nawrot R (17 November 2021).
3732:
Katrin Schütz, Reinhold Carle, Andreas Schieber (2006). "
3681:"Den virtuella floran: Taraxacum F. H. Wigg. - Maskrosor"
3439:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 191.
1536:, in translating Arabic to Latin around 1170, spelled it
1470:. Dandelions have been used by humans for food and as an
503:
429:
4139:
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development
3923:
On Food and Cooking: the science and lore of the kitchen
2691:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
2538:"Let dandelions grow. Bees, beetles and birds need them"
2320:
Adrian John Richards (1985). "Sectional nomenclature in
1881:) are eaten by locals, either raw or boiled, in salads.
1600:"), because they are found at the side of pavements. In
878:
Other plants with superficially similar flowers include
27:
Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae
4764:
Denali’s Dandelion Demolition returns after 2020 hiatus
2082:
Dandelions can cause significant economic damage as an
4445:
Mohanta YK, Mishra AK, Nongbet A, et al. (2023).
1631:
Raw dandelion greens contain high amounts of vitamins
4074:
Kania-Dobrowolska M, Baraniak J (15 September 2022).
867:
Early-flowering dandelions may be distinguished from
612:) that is usually leafless and rises 10–100 mm (
569:. In part due to their abundance, along with being a
533:
506:
441:
435:
432:
2005:
Dandelion specimen 85 cm (33 in) in height
650:–2 in) in diameter and consist entirely of ray
573:, dandelions are one of the most vital early spring
515:
509:
500:
426:
417:
5072:
4312:Lovell CR, Rowan M (1991). "Dandelion dermatitis".
2769:Cummins C, Seale M, Macente A, et al. (2018).
1898:
1886:
1813:. Dandelion greens have been a part of traditional
1401:
itself naturally, due to its clumping growth habit.
497:
447:
423:
4145:(3). Society of Pharmaceutical Tecnocrats: 94–99.
4069:
4067:
3573:
3487:An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language
1916:, along with other ingredients, usually including
939:are sometimes called taraxacologists, for example
4905:"Wind dispersal of battery-free wireless devices"
1580:" (and indeed the equivalent contemporary French
1034:, the California dandelion, an endangered species
4781:"Companion Planting for Vegetables & Plants"
3387:. Gardening.wsu.edu. 4 May 2003. Archived from
3183:
3181:
1608:(worm rose) after the nymphs of small insects (
1443:of a dandelion serving as a plant host to the
467:, which consists of species commonly known as
3820:
3818:
3534:. New York: Dover Publications. p. 315.
3385:"Gardening in Western Washington: Dandelions"
1142:, the Kazakh dandelion, which produces rubber
8:
4430:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
3961:"Lebanese Dandelions with Carmalized Onions"
3373:. Fondation Louis Bonduelle. 5 October 2016.
3005:
3003:
2764:
2762:
2157:The dandelion is the official flower of the
1582:
1187:), the common dandelion, found in many forms
682:(wind-aided) dispersal over long distances.
4382:Wirngo FE, Lambert MN, Jeppesen PB (2016).
4180:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
3632:(2nd ed.). T&J Allman. p. 97.
3501:is derivable in turn from Persian تلخ چکوک
3055:
3053:
1924:. Its ground, roasted roots can be used as
1904:
1892:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1850:
1520:Arabic writings on pharmacy. The scientist
967:, the white-flowered Japanese dandelion, a
854:with yellow flowers are sometimes known as
563:. Each single flower in a head is called a
521:
5060:
3160:Dudman AA, Richards AJ, Stewart O (2000).
2405:F. H. Wiggers, Prim. Fl. Holsat. 56. 1780"
2050:Dandelions are used as food plants by the
846:seedhead with only one seed still attached
765:, resulting in many local populations and
145:
136:
51:
4809:Wish: wishing traditions around the world
4664:
4662:
4660:
4584:
4472:
4462:
4407:
4279:Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics
4209:
4191:
4150:
4109:
4091:
3850:
3727:
3725:
3495:An Etymology Dictionary of Modern English
3229:
3083:
2925:
2915:
2905:
2856:
2459:
2449:
2296:
2286:
2150:Five dandelion flowers are the emblem of
1863:, the leaves of a variety called 'Mari' (
1659:. Raw dandelion greens are 86% water, 9%
1500:Leaf resemblance to the teeth of a lion (
678:of fine hair-like material which enables
3580:. Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press. p.
2986:. London: A & C Black. p. 274.
2731:
2729:
2727:
1624:Plate of sauteed dandelion greens, with
1612:larvae) usually present in the flowers.
3528:Britton, N. F., Brown, Addison (1970).
3162:Dandelions of Great Britain and Ireland
3062:"Eutriploid facultative agamospermy in
2253:
2240:Eating the seedhead is not recommended.
2233:
1528:around 1000 CE wrote a book chapter on
1488:for their supposed medicinal benefits.
792:which works to create a unique type of
593:, where the seeds are produced without
402:Dandelion bilobed stigma bearing pollen
4882:"Songs of the University of Rochester"
4633:D. L. Buckingham, W. J. Peach (2005).
4423:
4014:"Dandelion as underrated as underfoot"
3437:Edible and useful plants of California
4012:Castronovo Fusco MA (15 April 2008).
3702:
3700:
3698:
3556:"Common Dandelion_Family: Asteraceae"
2982:Blamey M, Fitter R, Fitter A (2003).
2394:
2392:
7:
5408:6cfc234d-fbd2-4e23-8a3b-24b71daaeeff
5333:d47cf699-0a24-46e4-baf1-59d99908b92c
4959:"Making Rubber from Dandelion Juice"
4884:. Lib.rochester.edu. 14 January 2010
3654:. Frapez soothie spa. Archived from
2152:White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia
935:Botanists specialising in the genus
4836:. Wssmainstreet.org. Archived from
3926:. New York: Scribner. p. 320.
3710:. Nutritiondata.com, Conde Nast Inc
1932:, and is one of the ingredients of
4785:Country living and farm lifestyles
4326:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01826.x
3645:"Dandelion - far more than a weed"
3435:Clarke, Charlotte Bringle (1977).
3302:"Plants for a Future Search Error"
3085:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1970.tb02461.x
2194:Taraxacum kok-saghyz § Rubber
1926:a caffeine-free coffee alternative
1548:The English name, dandelion, is a
850:Many similar plants in the family
769:. In the British Isles alone, 234
25:
4676:Canadian Journal of Plant Science
4534:International Journal of Oncology
2661:Longman English Dictionary Online
2139:gas, which helps fruit to ripen.
2100:Denali National Park and Preserve
1785:consumption are mainly native to
1685:oz) reference amount supplies 45
1573:, white endive, and wild endive.
812:Field with flowering dandelions,
685:The flower head is surrounded by
5474:Extant Miocene first appearances
5372:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328762-2
5025:
4862:. Nexstar Media Inc. 27 May 2023
3413:flora of Kholmech, southeastern
1697:The raw flowers contain diverse
1420:Hand-coloured print, plate 1 of
1367:
1341:
1315:
1289:
1263:
1237:
674:. Each cypsela is attached to a
493:
413:
163:
4256:10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.01.003
3918:"A survey of common vegetables"
3417:and its correlation with other
3016:Plant Systematics and Evolution
604:above the central taproot. The
60:Temporal range: Miocene–recent
2849:10.1103/physrevfluids.4.071901
2742:New Flora of the British Isles
2694:(5th ed.). HarperCollins.
2367:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1797:, its leaves grow back if the
1643:, and are moderate sources of
1022:, frequently misidentified as
1:
3852:10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01243-5
3683:(in Swedish). Linnaeus.nrm.se
3489:, by Walter W. Skeat (1888) (
3351:Øllgaard H (1 January 1996).
2953:. Illinois State University.
2383:"Don't Dismiss the Dandelion"
2188:As a source of natural rubber
689:(sometimes mistakenly called
4787:. countryfarm-lifestyles.com
4724:"In praise of the archenemy"
3739:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
2451:10.1371/journal.pone.0280810
2288:10.1371/journal.pone.0168008
2180:In 2022, researchers at the
1476:traditional Chinese medicine
1462:have been recorded from the
1439:1679 hand-coloured print by
4685:Canadian Science Publishing
3507:Downloadable at Archive.org
3491:Downloadable at Archive.org
3139:iNaturalist Community Forum
2169:Inspiration for engineering
1984:Dandelion has been used in
1899:
1887:
1736:. Dandelion greens contain
1019:Taraxacum brevicorniculatum
945:Johannes Leendert van Soest
761:, obligately) reproduce by
577:sources for a wide host of
574:
477:(the common dandelion) and
5490:
4929:10.1038/s41586-021-04363-9
4806:Thong R (September 2008).
4464:10.3389/fphar.2023.1153600
3357:Faroese Scientific Journal
3214:10.1038/s41598-019-38532-8
2191:
2113:
2031:
1026:and a poor rubber producer
954:
46:Dandelion (disambiguation)
40:. For similar plants, see
29:
4822:– via Google Books.
4673:G. H. Weber ex Wiggers".
4577:10.18632/oncotarget.11485
4402:(inactive 29 July 2024).
4040:Dyes from natural sources
3959:Bergo A (27 March 2021).
3890:Osborne T (11 May 2016).
3752:10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.021
3036:10.1007/s00606-014-1139-0
2798:10.1038/s41586-018-0604-2
1905:
1893:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1851:
1805:to remove bitterness, or
1218:, a near-extinct species.
1195:, the St. Kilda dandelion
1039:Taraxacum carneocoloratum
957:List of Taraxacum species
343:
336:
329:
324:
309:
302:
160:Scientific classification
158:
153:
144:
135:
54:
5040:Frail F (23 June 1981).
4291:10.22270/jddt.v10i3.4093
3949:, ItalianFoodForever.com
3947:sautéed Dandelion Greens
3797:Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
3280:"Flora of North America"
2503:Simons P (25 May 2012).
2220:. In collaboration with
2182:University of Washington
1974:lactone hypersensitivity
1192:Taraxacum pankhurstianum
1088:Taraxacum erythrospermum
1049:, the Xinjiang dandelion
1046:Taraxacum centrasiaticum
4400:10.1900/RDS.2016.13.113
4152:10.22270/ajprd.v7i3.502
3708:"Dandelion greens, raw"
3060:A. J. Richards (1970).
2567:University of Wisconsin
2484:"Wild About Dandelions"
2159:University of Rochester
1588:) refers to the strong
1576:The English folk name "
1119:, the Troödos dandelion
1111:, the Turkish dandelion
3916:McGee, Harold (2004).
3327:"Taraxacum rubifolium"
2829:Physical Review Fluids
2410:Flora of North America
2079:
2006:
1966:sesquiterpene lactones
1781:
1628:
1583:
1509:
1505:
1447:
1432:
1208:Taraxacum pseudoroseum
1203:, the Korean dandelion
1054:Taraxacum ceratophorum
1031:Taraxacum californicum
993:, the Paphos dandelion
847:
833:
817:
805:
734:
722:
585:species produce seeds
546:
480:T. erythrospermum
403:
379:Y.R.Ling & X.D.Sun
44:. For other uses, see
4762:Love, Colleen Coulon
4752:National Park Service
4722:Richardson J (1985).
4499:Phytotherapy Research
4320:(3). Wiley: 185–188.
4193:10.3390/ijms222212427
4093:10.3390/foods11182858
3613:TheFreeDictionary.com
3576:Solving weed problems
2643:InfoPlease Dictionary
2620:CollinsDictionary.com
2110:Benefits to gardeners
2077:
2004:
1960:Dandelions may cause
1930:dandelion and burdock
1875:), or 'Koproradiko' (
1771:
1716:-like compound), and
1623:
1499:
1438:
1419:
1200:Taraxacum platycarpum
1155:Taraxacum lissocarpum
1012:Taraxacum brachyceras
983:Taraxacum algarbiense
839:
828:
811:
803:
728:
713:These are individual
712:
401:
5036:at Wikimedia Commons
4671:Taraxacum officinale
4042:. Bell & Hyman.
4038:Dyer, Anne. (1981).
3896:ABC News (Australia)
2381:Greenwood B (2015).
2205:Taraxacum kok-saghyz
2104:Taraxacum officinale
1986:traditional medicine
1460:Taraxacum tanaiticum
1441:Maria Sibylla Merian
1215:Taraxacum rubifolium
1176:Taraxacum officinale
1147:Taraxacum laevigatum
1139:Taraxacum kok-saghyz
1081:Taraxacum desertorum
990:Taraxacum aphrogenes
843:Taraxacum officinale
719:Taraxacum officinale
312:Taraxacum officinale
37:Taraxacum officinale
5469:Melliferous flowers
5011:. 20 December 2017.
4921:2022Natur.603..427I
4812:. Chronicle Books.
4651:10.1079/ASC50700199
4613:georgiawildlife.com
4571:(45): 73080–73100.
4248:2015PChem.115...89H
3991:. Rethymnon Crete.
3843:1998FEBSL.437..237R
3467:on 20 February 2017
3206:2019NatSR...9.1915N
3107:Richards A (1997).
3028:2015PSyEv.301.1135K
2949:Loebach CA (2015).
2907:10.7554/eLife.81962
2841:2019PhRvF...4g1901L
2790:2018Natur.562..414C
2573:on 22 October 2008.
2442:2023PLoSO..1880810B
2279:2017PLoSO..1268008M
2198:Dandelions secrete
2143:Cultural importance
2054:of some species of
1920:, are used to make
1809:in the same way as
1712:, isoquercitrin (a
1430:Elizabeth Blackwell
1131:Taraxacum japonicum
1108:Taraxacum farinosum
777:are seed-dispersed
733:fiber showing barbs
717:of the dandelion -
34:or specifically to
5046:The Boston Phoenix
4749:Non native species
4349:Contact Dermatitis
4314:Contact Dermatitis
4018:New Jersey On-Line
3194:Scientific Reports
2557:Doll J, Trower T.
2370:. Merriam-Webster.
2080:
2007:
1970:contact dermatitis
1962:allergic reactions
1782:
1750:, is found in the
1629:
1510:
1448:
1433:
1223:Taraxacum suecicum
1181:T. officinale
1169:Taraxacum mirabile
1124:Taraxacum hybernum
1116:Taraxacum holmboei
1074:Taraxacum coreanum
1063:T. officinale
1005:Taraxacum balticum
998:Taraxacum arcticum
947:or A.J. Richards.
848:
834:
818:
806:
783:T. officinale
753:plants, native to
735:
723:
571:generalist species
474:T. officinale
404:
5449:Asteraceae genera
5431:
5430:
5341:Open Tree of Life
5066:Taxon identifiers
5030:Media related to
4989:. 14 October 2013
4967:. 28 October 2013
4915:(7901): 427–433.
4361:10.1111/cod.12671
3998:978-960-631-179-6
3933:978-0-684-80001-1
3626:Taylor J (1819).
3609:"Dandelion clock"
3591:978-1-58574-274-5
3572:Loewer P (2001).
3541:978-0-486-22644-6
3446:978-0-520-03261-3
3171:978-0-901158-25-3
3141:. 17 January 2020
3120:978-0-901158-25-3
2657:"dandelion clock"
2489:Mother Earth News
1993:Food for wildlife
1534:Gerard of Cremona
1445:pale tussock moth
1389:
1388:
1162:Taraxacum minimum
964:Taraxacum albidum
917:, and about 2000
873:Tussilago farfara
396:
395:
388:
380:
372:
364:
356:
298:
16:(Redirected from
5481:
5464:Medicinal plants
5424:
5423:
5411:
5410:
5398:
5397:
5388:
5387:
5375:
5374:
5362:
5361:
5349:
5348:
5336:
5335:
5326:
5325:
5313:
5312:
5310:NHMSYS0000464161
5300:
5299:
5287:
5286:
5274:
5273:
5261:
5260:
5248:
5247:
5235:
5234:
5222:
5221:
5209:
5208:
5196:
5195:
5183:
5182:
5170:
5169:
5157:
5156:
5144:
5143:
5131:
5130:
5118:
5117:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5061:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5029:
5013:
5012:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4955:
4949:
4948:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4776:
4770:
4760:
4754:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4666:
4655:
4654:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4588:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4511:10.1002/ptr.5059
4493:
4487:
4486:
4476:
4466:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4429:
4421:
4411:
4394:(2–3): 113–131.
4379:
4373:
4372:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4213:
4195:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4154:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4113:
4095:
4071:
4062:
4061:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4009:
4003:
4002:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3854:
3822:
3813:
3812:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3729:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3704:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3660:
3649:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3579:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3510:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3432:
3426:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3256:. Archived from
3250:
3244:
3243:
3233:
3185:
3176:
3175:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3087:
3057:
3048:
3047:
3022:(4): 1135–1156.
3007:
2998:
2997:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2929:
2919:
2909:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2860:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2775:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2733:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2591:(6th ed.).
2581:
2575:
2574:
2569:. Archived from
2554:
2548:
2547:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2463:
2453:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2300:
2290:
2258:
2241:
2238:
2102:in Alaska lists
2084:invasive species
2070:Invasive species
1972:for people with
1908:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1854:
1853:
1839:Sephardic Jewish
1831:Albanian cuisine
1819:Lebanese cuisine
1815:Kashmiri cuisine
1684:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1586:
1480:Native Americans
1426:A Curious Herbal
1371:
1345:
1319:
1293:
1267:
1241:
1229:
1228:
1216:
951:Selected species
856:false dandelions
649:
648:
644:
635:
634:
630:
627:
621:
620:
616:
536:
531:
530:
527:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
461:flowering plants
454:
453:
450:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
386:
378:
370:
362:
354:
294:
168:
167:
149:
140:
130:
67:
52:
21:
5489:
5488:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5459:Leaf vegetables
5434:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5419:
5414:
5406:
5401:
5393:
5391:
5383:
5378:
5370:
5365:
5357:
5352:
5344:
5339:
5331:
5329:
5321:
5316:
5308:
5303:
5295:
5290:
5282:
5277:
5269:
5264:
5256:
5251:
5243:
5238:
5230:
5225:
5217:
5212:
5204:
5199:
5191:
5186:
5178:
5173:
5165:
5160:
5152:
5147:
5139:
5134:
5126:
5121:
5113:
5111:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5087:
5086:
5081:
5068:
5050:
5048:
5039:
5022:
5017:
5016:
5007:
5006:
5002:
4992:
4990:
4985:
4984:
4980:
4970:
4968:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4887:
4885:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4865:
4863:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4843:
4841:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4820:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4790:
4788:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4769:, June 17, 2021
4761:
4757:
4747:
4743:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4693:10.4141/p01-010
4668:
4667:
4658:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4617:
4615:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4451:Front Pharmacol
4444:
4443:
4439:
4422:
4388:Rev Diabet Stud
4381:
4380:
4376:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4073:
4072:
4065:
4050:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4011:
4010:
4006:
3999:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3969:
3967:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3945:
3941:
3934:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3900:
3898:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3824:
3823:
3816:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3779:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3731:
3730:
3723:
3713:
3711:
3706:
3705:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3661:on 11 July 2011
3658:
3647:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3592:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3542:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3517:
3513:
3505:, bitter herb (
3484:
3480:
3470:
3468:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3408:
3404:
3394:
3392:
3391:on 26 June 2012
3383:
3382:
3378:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3335:
3333:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3306:www.ibiblio.org
3300:
3299:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3187:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3121:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3071:New Phytologist
3059:
3058:
3051:
3009:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2961:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2784:(7727): 414–8.
2773:
2768:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2735:
2734:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2669:
2667:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2595:Companies. 2003
2583:
2582:
2578:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2521:
2519:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2492:. 1 April 2008.
2482:
2481:
2477:
2436:(1): e0280810.
2423:
2422:
2418:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2340:10.2307/1222201
2324:(Asteraceae)".
2319:
2318:
2314:
2273:(2). e0168008.
2260:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2196:
2190:
2171:
2145:
2122:companion plant
2118:
2116:Beneficial weed
2112:
2098:. For example,
2090:is listed as a
2078:Dandelion roots
2072:
2048:
2036:
2030:
2012:
1995:
1982:
1958:
1942:
1883:T. megalorhizon
1857:Korean cuisines
1827:Italian cuisine
1823:Spanish cuisine
1795:perennial plant
1766:
1761:
1695:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1618:
1604:, it is called
1546:
1512:The Latin name
1494:
1414:
1394:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1277:T. californicum
1275:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1214:
959:
953:
941:Gunnar Marklund
900:
823:
737:The species of
707:
646:
642:
641:
632:
628:
625:
623:
618:
614:
613:
534:
496:
492:
416:
412:
392:
391:
347:
320:
315:
293:
162:
131:
129:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
62:
61:
58:
48:
42:False dandelion
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5487:
5485:
5477:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5436:
5435:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5421:wfo-4000037583
5412:
5399:
5389:
5376:
5363:
5350:
5337:
5327:
5314:
5301:
5288:
5275:
5262:
5249:
5236:
5223:
5210:
5197:
5184:
5171:
5158:
5145:
5132:
5119:
5109:
5094:
5078:
5076:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5058:
5057:
5037:
5021:
5020:External links
5018:
5015:
5014:
5000:
4978:
4950:
4895:
4873:
4851:
4840:on 4 June 2010
4825:
4818:
4798:
4771:
4755:
4741:
4714:
4656:
4645:(2): 199–203.
4639:Animal Science
4625:
4600:
4551:
4540:(5): 1085–90.
4524:
4505:(5): 745–752.
4488:
4437:
4374:
4339:
4304:
4285:(3): 159–163.
4269:
4236:Phytochemistry
4225:
4166:
4125:
4063:
4048:
4030:
4004:
3997:
3977:
3951:
3939:
3932:
3908:
3882:
3837:(3): 237–240.
3814:
3787:
3765:
3746:(3): 313–323.
3721:
3694:
3672:
3635:
3618:
3600:
3596:Swine's Snout.
3590:
3564:
3547:
3540:
3520:
3511:
3478:
3452:
3445:
3427:
3402:
3376:
3362:
3343:
3318:
3293:
3271:
3260:on 8 July 2014
3245:
3177:
3170:
3152:
3126:
3119:
3099:
3078:(3): 761–774.
3049:
2999:
2993:978-1408179505
2992:
2974:
2959:
2941:
2917:10044/1/102018
2880:
2819:
2758:
2751:
2723:
2697:
2677:
2648:
2630:
2606:
2576:
2549:
2546:. 12 May 2015.
2529:
2495:
2475:
2416:
2388:
2373:
2353:
2334:(4): 633–644.
2312:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2222:Continental AG
2214:natural rubber
2189:
2186:
2170:
2167:
2163:New York State
2144:
2141:
2114:Main article:
2111:
2108:
2096:national parks
2071:
2068:
2047:
2044:
2032:Main article:
2029:
2026:
2011:
2008:
1994:
1991:
1981:
1978:
1957:
1954:
1948:and used as a
1941:
1938:
1922:dandelion wine
1869:), 'Mariaki' (
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1730:sesquiterpenes
1699:phytochemicals
1694:
1693:Phytochemicals
1691:
1671:. A 100 gram (
1617:
1614:
1552:of the French
1545:
1542:
1516:originates in
1493:
1490:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1381:T. platycarpum
1376:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1350:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1298:
1297:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1272:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1246:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1211:
1204:
1196:
1188:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1143:
1135:
1127:
1120:
1112:
1104:
1101:erythrospermum
1084:
1077:
1070:
1050:
1042:
1035:
1027:
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
986:
979:
955:Main article:
952:
949:
899:
898:Classification
896:
822:
821:Similar plants
819:
706:
703:
463:in the family
394:
393:
390:
389:
381:
373:
365:
357:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:
334:
333:
327:
326:
322:
321:
316:
307:
306:
300:
299:
286:
282:
281:
276:
272:
271:
266:
262:
261:
256:
252:
251:
246:
242:
241:
236:
232:
231:
226:
219:
218:
213:
206:
205:
200:
193:
192:
187:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
156:
155:
151:
150:
142:
141:
133:
132:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
68:
59:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5486:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5422:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5390:
5386:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5328:
5324:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5163:
5159:
5155:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5110:
5105:
5099:
5095:
5090:
5084:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5062:
5047:
5043:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5028:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5010:
5004:
5001:
4988:
4982:
4979:
4966:
4965:
4964:Science Daily
4960:
4954:
4951:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4899:
4896:
4883:
4877:
4874:
4861:
4855:
4852:
4839:
4835:
4829:
4826:
4821:
4819:9780811857161
4815:
4811:
4810:
4802:
4799:
4786:
4782:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4745:
4742:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4718:
4715:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4629:
4626:
4614:
4610:
4604:
4601:
4596:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4555:
4552:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4528:
4525:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4492:
4489:
4484:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4441:
4438:
4433:
4427:
4419:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4378:
4375:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4343:
4340:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4308:
4305:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4273:
4270:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4229:
4226:
4221:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4186:(22): 12427.
4185:
4181:
4177:
4170:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4129:
4126:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4041:
4034:
4031:
4019:
4015:
4008:
4005:
4000:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3981:
3978:
3966:
3962:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3943:
3940:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3912:
3909:
3897:
3893:
3886:
3883:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3803:(9): 1030–7.
3802:
3798:
3791:
3788:
3775:
3774:"Carotenoids"
3769:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3709:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3636:
3631:
3630:
3622:
3619:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3577:
3568:
3565:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3543:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3524:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3438:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3347:
3344:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3282:. Efloras.org
3281:
3275:
3272:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3153:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3122:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3103:
3100:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3065:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2960:9781321782141
2956:
2952:
2945:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2884:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2835:(7): 071901.
2834:
2830:
2823:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2752:9780521707725
2748:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2712:. 1 June 2022
2711:
2710:Imperial News
2707:
2701:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2626:
2625:HarperCollins
2622:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2399:Brouillet L.
2395:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2377:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2247:
2237:
2234:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2088:T. officinale
2085:
2076:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2035:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1901:
1889:
1884:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1847:Greek cuisine
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1791:North America
1788:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1720:, as well as
1719:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1661:carbohydrates
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1571:swine's snout
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1361:
1356:
1355:T. officinale
1352:
1344:
1335:
1330:
1329:T. laevigatum
1326:
1318:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1097:T. laevigatum
1094:
1093:T. laevigatum
1090:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:T. officinale
1056:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1024:T. kok-saghyz
1021:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1000:
999:
995:
992:
991:
987:
985:
984:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
965:
961:
960:
958:
950:
948:
946:
942:
938:
933:
931:
927:
922:
920:
916:
911:
909:
905:
904:taxonomically
902:The genus is
897:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
865:
863:
862:
857:
853:
845:
844:
838:
831:
827:
820:
815:
810:
802:
798:
795:
791:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
732:
727:
720:
716:
715:pollen grains
711:
704:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
672:
668:, similar to
667:
666:
661:
657:
653:
639:
611:
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:
562:
557:
555:
551:
550:
549:
543:
539:
538:
529:
490:
486:
482:
481:
476:
475:
470:
466:
462:
458:
455:) is a large
452:
410:
409:
400:
385:
382:
377:
376:Neo-taraxacum
374:
369:
366:
361:
358:
353:
350:
349:
342:
339:
335:
332:
328:
323:
319:
314:
313:
308:
305:
301:
297:
292:
291:
287:
284:
283:
280:
277:
274:
273:
270:
267:
264:
263:
260:
259:Cichorioideae
257:
254:
253:
250:
247:
244:
243:
240:
237:
234:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:Tracheophytes
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
166:
161:
157:
152:
148:
143:
139:
134:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
66:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
5073:
5049:. Retrieved
5045:
5032:
5003:
4991:. Retrieved
4981:
4969:. Retrieved
4962:
4953:
4912:
4908:
4898:
4886:. Retrieved
4876:
4864:. Retrieved
4854:
4842:. Retrieved
4838:the original
4828:
4808:
4801:
4789:. Retrieved
4784:
4774:
4758:
4744:
4727:
4717:
4680:
4674:
4670:
4642:
4638:
4628:
4616:. Retrieved
4612:
4603:
4568:
4564:
4554:
4537:
4533:
4527:
4502:
4498:
4491:
4454:
4450:
4440:
4426:cite journal
4391:
4387:
4377:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4317:
4313:
4307:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4239:
4235:
4228:
4183:
4179:
4169:
4142:
4138:
4128:
4086:(18): 2858.
4083:
4079:
4039:
4033:
4021:. Retrieved
4007:
3987:
3980:
3968:. Retrieved
3965:Forager Chef
3964:
3954:
3942:
3922:
3911:
3899:. Retrieved
3885:
3834:
3831:FEBS Letters
3830:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3778:. Retrieved
3768:
3743:
3737:
3733:
3712:. Retrieved
3685:. Retrieved
3675:
3663:. Retrieved
3656:the original
3651:
3638:
3628:
3621:
3612:
3603:
3595:
3575:
3567:
3550:
3530:
3523:
3514:
3503:talkh chakok
3502:
3498:
3494:
3486:
3485:Reported in
3481:
3469:. Retrieved
3465:the original
3461:"Dandelions"
3455:
3436:
3430:
3405:
3393:. Retrieved
3389:the original
3379:
3365:
3356:
3346:
3334:. Retrieved
3330:
3321:
3309:. Retrieved
3305:
3296:
3284:. Retrieved
3274:
3262:. Retrieved
3258:the original
3248:
3197:
3193:
3161:
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3138:
3129:
3109:
3102:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3019:
3015:
2983:
2977:
2950:
2944:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2858:11568/998044
2832:
2828:
2822:
2781:
2777:
2741:
2714:. Retrieved
2709:
2700:
2689:
2680:
2668:. Retrieved
2660:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2618:
2609:
2597:. Retrieved
2588:
2579:
2571:the original
2562:
2552:
2543:The Guardian
2541:
2532:
2520:. Retrieved
2509:The Guardian
2508:
2498:
2487:
2478:
2433:
2429:
2419:
2408:
2402:
2376:
2365:
2356:
2331:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2236:
2218:rubber trees
2203:
2197:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2156:
2149:
2146:
2135:and release
2119:
2103:
2092:noxious weed
2087:
2081:
2049:
2037:
2019:
2014:
2013:
1996:
1983:
1959:
1943:
1911:
1882:
1783:
1742:
1718:caffeic acid
1701:, including
1696:
1630:
1605:
1593:
1581:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:dent de lion
1553:
1547:
1544:Common names
1537:
1529:
1513:
1511:
1506:dent-de-lion
1483:
1466:of southern
1459:
1449:
1425:
1421:
1380:
1354:
1328:
1303:T. japonicum
1302:
1276:
1250:
1221:
1213:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1067:ceratophorum
1066:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1044:
1037:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
988:
981:
977:T. japonicum
976:
972:
962:
936:
934:
923:
919:microspecies
912:
908:microspecies
901:
891:
883:
877:
872:
866:
859:
849:
841:
787:
782:
774:
771:microspecies
738:
736:
718:
698:
694:
684:
680:anemochorous
669:
663:
659:
655:
606:flower heads
599:
582:
564:
558:
548:dent-de-lion
545:
488:
478:
472:
468:
407:
406:
405:
383:
375:
367:
359:
351:
330:
310:
304:Type species
289:
288:
222:
209:
196:
183:
63:16.2–0
55:
49:
35:
31:
5266:iNaturalist
5098:Wikispecies
4993:14 December
4971:22 November
4687:: 825–853.
4457:: 1153600.
4355:(1): 1–10.
3371:"Dandelion"
3331:iNaturalist
3200:(1): 1915.
2593:McGraw-Hill
2563:WeedScience
2559:"Dandelion"
2362:"Taraxacum"
2130:pollinating
2060:butterflies
2056:Lepidoptera
1912:The flower
1906:αγριοράδικο
1900:agrioradiko
1878:Κοπροράδικο
1772:Bunches of
1746:, a serine
1744:Taraxalisin
1726:triterpenes
1703:polyphenols
1626:Wehani rice
1428:, 1737, by
1422:Dens Leonis
973:T. coreanum
888:hawksbeards
861:Hypochaeris
794:vortex ring
729:Segment of
705:Description
699:Spectabilia
595:pollination
579:pollinators
561:flower head
540:; from
318:F. H. Wigg.
296:F. H. Wigg.
255:Subfamily:
203:Angiosperms
5438:Categories
4618:16 October
4565:Oncotarget
4049:0713519371
3652:Frapez.com
3499:tarashaqun
3421:floras of
3145:31 October
2639:"blowball"
2615:"blowball"
2599:26 January
2585:"blowball"
2248:References
2192:See also:
1894:πενταράμια
1888:pentaramia
1776:dandelion
1759:Properties
1748:proteinase
1722:terpenoids
1707:flavonoids
1705:, such as
1598:dog pisses
1578:piss-a-bed
1550:corruption
1251:T. albidum
924:About 235
852:Asteraceae
830:Hawksbeard
751:herbaceous
743:tap-rooted
469:dandelions
465:Asteraceae
352:Caramanica
279:Crepidinae
275:Subtribe:
269:Cichorieae
249:Asteraceae
5444:Taraxacum
5219:Taraxacum
5188:FloraBase
5154:Taraxacum
5104:Taraxacum
5074:Taraxacum
5033:Taraxacum
4945:247499662
4736:0097-7136
4730:: 37–39.
4701:0008-4220
4299:2250-1177
4242:: 89–98.
4202:1422-0067
4161:2320-4850
4102:2304-8158
4058:219915765
3861:0014-5793
3734:Taraxacum
3395:29 August
3286:29 August
3264:29 August
3222:2045-2322
3064:Taraxacum
2969:988948576
2875:198429309
2867:2469-990X
2517:0261-3077
2403:Taraxacum
2322:Taraxacum
2015:Taraxacum
1980:Herbalism
1956:Allergies
1934:root beer
1835:Slovenian
1764:Edibility
1714:quercetin
1667:, and 1%
1657:manganese
1649:potassium
1616:Nutrition
1584:pissenlit
1567:wet-a-bed
1563:pee-a-bed
1559:faceclock
1538:tarasacon
1530:Taraxacum
1514:Taraxacum
1492:Etymology
1485:Mayflower
1458:seeds of
1392:Cultivars
937:Taraxacum
930:polyploid
926:apomictic
884:Hieracium
880:hawkweeds
869:coltsfoot
814:Tatarstan
775:Taraxacum
759:triploids
755:temperate
747:perennial
739:Taraxacum
695:Palustria
656:blowballs
587:asexually
583:Taraxacum
537:-də-ly-ən
489:dandelion
408:Taraxacum
384:Wendelboa
331:See text
290:Taraxacum
239:Asterales
173:Kingdom:
56:Taraxacum
32:Taraxacum
18:Dandelion
5403:VicFlora
5392:VASCAN:
5385:40010269
5380:Tropicos
5284:328762-2
5149:eFloraSA
5083:Wikidata
4937:35296847
4866:16 April
4709:85676502
4595:27564258
4546:18425335
4519:23956107
4483:37608892
4474:10441548
4418:28012278
4369:27568784
4264:25682510
4220:34830309
4120:36140985
3970:16 March
3877:43872064
3809:10521720
3760:16950583
3471:17 April
3419:Pliocene
3411:Pliocene
3311:17 April
3240:30760810
3044:17903814
2936:36445222
2814:52988814
2806:30333579
2739:(2010).
2737:Stace CA
2522:29 April
2470:36662824
2430:PLOS ONE
2307:28182646
2267:PLOS ONE
2137:ethylene
1803:blanched
1780:for sale
1710:apigenin
1687:Calories
1590:diuretic
1526:Ibn Sīnā
1518:medieval
1464:Pliocene
971:between
915:sections
816:, Russia
779:ruderals
767:endemism
763:apomixis
665:cypselae
591:apomixis
368:Lasiopus
338:Synonyms
325:Species
245:Family:
229:Asterids
216:Eudicots
5245:8322495
5051:3 April
4917:Bibcode
4791:7 March
4728:Audubon
4586:5341965
4409:5553762
4334:1838315
4244:Bibcode
4211:8620047
4111:9498421
4023:7 March
3869:9824298
3839:Bibcode
3780:27 June
3714:7 March
3415:Belarus
3336:2 March
3231:6374447
3202:Bibcode
3094:2430530
3024:Bibcode
2927:9797189
2837:Bibcode
2786:Bibcode
2686:"clock"
2665:Pearson
2461:9858760
2438:Bibcode
2348:1222201
2298:5300115
2275:Bibcode
2133:insects
2126:taproot
2020:Linaria
1872:Μαριάκι
1843:Chinese
1811:spinach
1807:sauteed
1799:taproot
1787:Eurasia
1774:organic
1680:⁄
1665:protein
1645:calcium
1606:maskros
1602:Swedish
1594:pisacan
1522:Al-Razi
1468:Belarus
1452:Eurasia
1412:History
1185:vulgare
1183:subsp.
1095:(i.e.,
1065:subsp.
671:achenes
652:florets
645:⁄
631:⁄
617:⁄
602:rosette
581:. Many
360:Eriopus
285:Genus:
265:Tribe:
235:Order:
177:Plantae
5354:PLANTS
5346:524978
5330:NZOR:
5232:132314
5206:132314
5115:195326
5112:APDB:
5089:Q30024
4943:
4935:
4909:Nature
4888:3 July
4844:3 July
4816:
4779:Anon.
4734:
4707:
4699:
4593:
4583:
4544:
4517:
4481:
4471:
4416:
4406:
4367:
4332:
4297:
4262:
4218:
4208:
4200:
4159:
4118:
4108:
4100:
4056:
4046:
3995:
3930:
3901:24 May
3875:
3867:
3859:
3807:
3758:
3687:3 July
3665:30 May
3643:Anon.
3588:
3538:
3493:). In
3443:
3423:Europe
3238:
3228:
3220:
3168:
3117:
3092:
3042:
2990:
2967:
2957:
2934:
2924:
2873:
2865:
2812:
2804:
2778:Nature
2749:
2716:13 May
2670:2 June
2515:
2468:
2458:
2346:
2305:
2295:
2124:; its
2052:larvae
2046:Leaves
2034:Nectar
2028:Nectar
1946:powder
1918:citrus
1914:petals
1855:) and
1778:greens
1738:lutein
1734:inulin
1728:, and
1655:, and
1639:, and
1610:thrips
1502:French
1456:Fossil
1399:blanch
1179:(syn.
969:hybrid
892:Crepis
886:) and
790:pappus
731:pappus
691:sepals
687:bracts
676:pappus
660:clocks
575:nectar
566:floret
542:French
485:edible
5454:Herbs
5359:TARAX
5323:49743
5297:36199
5271:47603
5258:11886
5214:FoAO2
5193:22292
5180:1TARG
5167:49106
5128:80458
4941:S2CID
4705:S2CID
4683:(4).
4080:Foods
3873:S2CID
3659:(PDF)
3648:(PDF)
3559:(PDF)
3090:JSTOR
3040:S2CID
2894:eLife
2871:S2CID
2810:S2CID
2774:(PDF)
2344:JSTOR
2327:Taxon
2228:Notes
2216:from
2200:latex
2064:moths
2010:Seeds
1897:) or
1861:Crete
1859:. In
1852:χόρτα
1752:latex
1663:, 3%
1099:var.
638:latex
610:scape
554:genus
544:
457:genus
387:Soest
371:D.Don
363:D.Don
355:Tineo
223:Clade
210:Clade
197:Clade
184:Clade
5395:1740
5367:POWO
5318:NCBI
5292:ITIS
5279:IPNI
5253:GRIN
5240:GBIF
5175:EPPO
5141:7SSF
5123:APNI
5053:2024
4995:2016
4973:2013
4933:PMID
4890:2010
4868:2024
4846:2010
4814:ISBN
4793:2011
4767:KTNA
4732:ISSN
4697:ISSN
4620:2023
4591:PMID
4542:PMID
4515:PMID
4479:PMID
4432:link
4414:PMID
4365:PMID
4330:PMID
4295:ISSN
4260:PMID
4216:PMID
4198:ISSN
4157:ISSN
4116:PMID
4098:ISSN
4054:OCLC
4044:ISBN
4025:2011
3993:ISBN
3972:2024
3928:ISBN
3903:2021
3865:PMID
3857:ISSN
3805:PMID
3782:2019
3756:PMID
3716:2011
3689:2010
3667:2010
3586:ISBN
3536:ISBN
3473:2017
3441:ISBN
3409:The
3397:2012
3338:2024
3313:2017
3288:2012
3266:2013
3236:PMID
3218:ISSN
3166:ISBN
3147:2023
3115:ISBN
2988:ISBN
2965:OCLC
2955:ISBN
2932:PMID
2863:ISSN
2802:PMID
2747:ISBN
2718:2024
2672:2019
2601:2013
2524:2024
2513:ISSN
2466:PMID
2303:PMID
2062:and
2022:spp.
1866:Μαρί
1793:. A
1789:and
1653:iron
1472:herb
975:and
928:and
741:are
697:and
346:List
71:PreꞒ
5416:WFO
5305:NBN
5227:FoC
5201:FNA
5162:EoL
5136:CoL
4925:doi
4913:603
4689:doi
4647:doi
4581:PMC
4573:doi
4507:doi
4469:PMC
4459:doi
4404:PMC
4396:doi
4357:doi
4322:doi
4287:doi
4252:doi
4240:115
4206:PMC
4188:doi
4147:doi
4106:PMC
4088:doi
3847:doi
3835:437
3748:doi
3744:107
3582:210
3226:PMC
3210:doi
3080:doi
3032:doi
3020:301
2922:PMC
2912:hdl
2902:doi
2853:hdl
2845:doi
2794:doi
2782:562
2456:PMC
2446:doi
2336:doi
2293:PMC
2283:doi
2161:in
2066:).
2024:).
1950:dye
1940:Dye
1909:).
1669:fat
1424:in
658:or
589:by
535:DAN
459:of
5440::
5418::
5405::
5382::
5369::
5356::
5343::
5320::
5307::
5294::
5281::
5268::
5255::
5242::
5229::
5216::
5203::
5190::
5177::
5164::
5151::
5138::
5125::
5100::
5085::
5044:.
4961:.
4939:.
4931:.
4923:.
4911:.
4907:.
4783:.
4726:.
4703:.
4695:.
4681:82
4679:.
4659:^
4643:81
4641:.
4637:.
4611:.
4589:.
4579:.
4567:.
4563:.
4538:32
4536:.
4513:.
4503:28
4501:.
4477:.
4467:.
4455:14
4453:.
4449:.
4428:}}
4424:{{
4412:.
4392:13
4390:.
4386:.
4363:.
4353:76
4351:.
4328:.
4318:25
4316:.
4293:.
4283:10
4281:.
4258:.
4250:.
4238:.
4214:.
4204:.
4196:.
4184:22
4182:.
4178:.
4155:.
4141:.
4137:.
4114:.
4104:.
4096:.
4084:11
4082:.
4078:.
4066:^
4052:.
4016:.
3963:.
3920:.
3894:.
3871:.
3863:.
3855:.
3845:.
3833:.
3829:.
3817:^
3801:64
3799:.
3754:.
3742:.
3724:^
3697:^
3650:.
3611:.
3594:.
3584:.
3509:).
3355:.
3329:.
3304:.
3234:.
3224:.
3216:.
3208:.
3196:.
3192:.
3180:^
3137:.
3088:.
3076:69
3074:.
3068:.
3052:^
3038:.
3030:.
3018:.
3014:.
3002:^
2963:.
2930:.
2920:.
2910:.
2900:.
2898:11
2896:.
2892:.
2869:.
2861:.
2851:.
2843:.
2831:.
2808:.
2800:.
2792:.
2780:.
2776:.
2761:^
2726:^
2708:.
2688:.
2663:.
2659:.
2641:.
2623:.
2617:.
2587:.
2565:.
2561:.
2540:.
2511:.
2507:.
2486:.
2464:.
2454:.
2444:.
2434:18
2432:.
2428:.
2407:.
2391:^
2364:.
2342:.
2332:34
2330:.
2301:.
2291:.
2281:.
2271:12
2269:.
2265:.
2040:μl
1976:.
1952:.
1845:,
1841:,
1837:,
1833:,
1829:,
1825:,
1821:,
1817:,
1740:.
1724:,
1689:.
1651:,
1647:,
1635:,
1596:("
1569:,
1565:,
1561:,
1540:.
1532:.
1504::
1454:.
943:,
840:A
749:,
745:,
556:.
525:ən
519:aɪ
225::
212::
199::
186::
121:Pg
65:Ma
5055:.
4997:.
4975:.
4947:.
4927::
4919::
4892:.
4870:.
4848:.
4795:.
4738:.
4711:.
4691::
4653:.
4649::
4622:.
4597:.
4575::
4569:7
4548:.
4521:.
4509::
4485:.
4461::
4434:)
4420:.
4398::
4371:.
4359::
4336:.
4324::
4301:.
4289::
4266:.
4254::
4246::
4222:.
4190::
4163:.
4149::
4143:7
4122:.
4090::
4060:.
4027:.
4001:.
3974:.
3936:.
3905:.
3879:.
3849::
3841::
3811:.
3784:.
3762:.
3750::
3718:.
3691:.
3669:.
3615:.
3561:.
3544:.
3475:.
3449:.
3399:.
3359:.
3340:.
3315:.
3290:.
3268:.
3242:.
3212::
3204::
3198:9
3174:.
3149:.
3123:.
3096:.
3082::
3066:"
3046:.
3034::
3026::
2996:.
2971:.
2938:.
2914::
2904::
2877:.
2855::
2847::
2839::
2833:4
2816:.
2796::
2788::
2755:.
2720:.
2674:.
2645:.
2627:.
2603:.
2526:.
2472:.
2448::
2440::
2413:.
2401:"
2385:.
2350:.
2338::
2309:.
2285::
2277::
2058:(
1903:(
1891:(
1849:(
1682:2
1678:1
1675:+
1673:3
1641:K
1637:C
1633:A
1508:)
1103:)
1069:)
1061:(
890:(
882:(
871:(
721:.
647:4
643:3
633:8
629:7
626:+
624:3
622:–
619:8
615:3
528:/
522:.
516:l
513:ə
510:d
507:n
504:æ
501:d
498:ˈ
495:/
491:(
451:/
448:m
445:ə
442:k
439:ə
436:s
433:k
430:æ
427:r
424:ˈ
421:ə
418:t
415:/
411:(
126:N
116:K
111:J
106:T
101:P
96:C
91:D
86:S
81:O
76:Ꞓ
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
