798:
826:
1306:
1610:
1758:
790:
1425:
1358:
154:
699:
1254:
774:), which has been introduced over much of the temperate world. After flowering is finished, the dandelion flower head dries out for a day or two. The dried petals and stamens drop off, the bracts reflex (curve backwards), and the parachute ball opens into a full sphere. When development is complete, the mature seeds are attached to white, fluffy "parachutes" which easily detach from the seedhead and glide by wind, dispersing.
136:
715:
1406:
853:). Both plants carry similar flowers, which form into windborne seeds. However, dandelion flowers are borne singly on unbranched, hairless and leafless, hollow stems, while cat's ear flowering stems are branched, solid, and carry bracts. Both plants have a basal rosette of leaves and a central taproot. However, the leaves of dandelions are smooth or glabrous, whereas those of cat's ears are coarsely hairy.
1991:
1332:
1280:
388:
127:
2064:
5016:
1486:
1228:
815:
2213:, IME is building a pilot facility. As of May 2014, the first prototype test tires made with blends from dandelion-rubber are scheduled for testing on public roads over the next few years. In December 2017, Linglong Group Co. Ltd., a Chinese company, invested $ 450 million into making commercially viable rubber from dandelions.
797:
1977:
in Europe, North
America, and China. It's possible that the Dandelion has physiological effects in Type 2 Diabetes. Dandelion components play a significant role in the control of lipid metabolism and adipogenesis, which means dandelion can potentially be used to treat obesity. Dandelion leaves and
1773:
The entire plant, including the leaves, stems, flowers, and roots, is edible and nutritious, with nutrients such as vitamins A and K as well as calcium and iron. Dandelions are found on six continents and have been gathered for food since prehistory, but the varieties commercially cultivated for
2165:
In 2018, researchers discovered that dandelion seeds have a separated vortex ring. This work provided evidence that dandelion seeds have fluid behavior around fluid-immersed bodies that may help understand locomotion, weight reduction and particle retention in biological and man-made structures.
1986:
Dandelions do not depend on wildlife for distribution or pollination; however much of wildlife benefits from the abundance of the plant. Rabbits, wild turkeys, white-tailed deer, eastern chipmunks, bobwhite quail, and many species of birds will consume the seeds and foliage. Additionally, many
785:
that stays attached to the seed rather than being sent downstream. In addition to the creation of this vortex ring, the pappus can adjust its morphology depending on the moisture in the air. This allows the plume of seeds to close up and reduce the chance to separate from the stem, waiting for
1545:
meaning "lion's tooth", referring to the coarsely toothed leaves. The plant is also known as blowball, cankerwort, doon-head-clock, witch's gowan, milk witch, lion's-tooth, yellow-gowan, Irish daisy, monks-head, priest's-crown, and puff-ball; other common names include
472:(the red-seeded dandelion), were introduced from Europe into North America, where they are an invasive species. Dandelions thrive in temperate regions and can be found in yards, gardens, sides of roads, among crops, and in many other habitats. Both species are
1743:
of dandelion roots. Maximal activity of the proteinase in the roots is attained in April, at the beginning of plant development after the winter period. Each dandelion seed has a mass(weight) of 500 micrograms or 0.0005g (1/125 of a grain).
910:; some botanists take a much narrower view and only accept a total of about 60 (macro)species. By 2015, the number has been revised to include 60 sections and about 2800 microspecies. 30 of these sections are known to reproduce sexually.
4222:
Huber M, Triebwasser-Freese D, Reichelt M, et al. (2015). "Identification, quantification, spatiotemporal distribution and genetic variation of major latex secondary metabolites in the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.)".
4485:
González-Castejón M, García-Carrasco B, Fernández-Dacosta R, et al. (May 2014). "Reduction of adipogenesis and lipid accumulation by
Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) extracts in 3T3L1 adipocytes: an in vitro study".
682:) in two series. The inner bracts are erect until the seeds mature, then flex downward to allow the seeds to disperse. The outer bracts are often reflexed downward, but remain appressed in plants of the sections
2198:
1314:
4752:
2027:
Szabo studied nectar secretion in a dandelion patch over two years (59.2 and 8.9 flowers per square metre (5.50 and 0.83/sq ft) in 1981 and 1982). He measured average nectar volume at 7.4
3520:
An illustrated flora of the northern United States and Canada: from
Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian
690:. Between the pappus and the achene is a stalk called a beak, which elongates as the fruit matures. The beak breaks off from the achene quite easily, separating the seed from the parachute.
4597:
2679:
2201:(IME) in Germany developed a cultivar of the Russian dandelion that is suitable for current commercial production of natural rubber. The latex produced exhibits the same quality as the
3242:
4975:
4521:
Sigstedt SC, Hooten CJ, Callewaert MC, et al. (May 2008). "Evaluation of aqueous extracts of
Taraxacum officinale on growth and invasion of breast and prostate cancer cells".
1393:'Broad-leaved' - The leaves are thick and tender and easily blanched. In rich soils, they can be up to 60 mm (2') wide. Plants do not go to seed as quickly as French types.
2031:/flower in 1981 and 3.7 μl/flower in 1982. The flowers tended to open in the morning and close in the afternoon with the concentrations significantly higher on the second day.
2095:
as the most common invasive species in the park and hosts an annual "Dandelion
Demolition" event where volunteers are trained to remove the plant from the park's roadsides.
2197:, the Russian dandelion, is a species that produced industrially useful amounts during WW2. Using modern cultivation methods and optimization techniques, scientists in the
3359:
1957:
are present in high concentrations in the main root and stems of the common dandelion. However, only a few researchers have mentioned the possible risk of mild allergic
1874:, a species endemic to Crete, is eaten in the same way; it is found only at high altitudes (1,000–1,600 metres (3,300–5,200 ft)) and in fallow sites, and is called
4420:
2162:
The ability of dandelion seeds to travel as far as a kilometer in dry, windy and warm conditions, has been an inspiration for designing light-weight passive drones.
5306:
762:(i.e. morphologically distinct clonal populations) are recognised in nine loosely defined sections, of which 40 are "probably endemic". A number of species of
3784:
Bogacheva AM, Rudenskaya GN, Preusser A, et al. (1999). "A new subtilisin-like proteinase from roots of the dandelion
Taraxacum officinale Webb S. L".
2415:"A comprehensive analysis of chemical and biological pollutants (natural and anthropogenic origin) of soil and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) samples"
4065:"Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds Supporting the Therapy of Co-Existing Diseases in Metabolic Syndrome"
460:. The scientific and hobby study of the genus is known as taraxacology. The genus is native to Eurasia but the two most commonplace species worldwide,
5462:
899:. Phylogenetic approaches are also complicated by the accelerated mutation in apomixic lines and repeated ancient hybridization events in the genus.
5228:
5280:
5241:
3179:"Taraxacum kok-saghyz (rubber dandelion) genomic microsatellite loci reveal modest genetic diversity and cross-amplify broadly to related species"
4436:"Potential use of the Asteraceae family as a cure for diabetes: A review of ethnopharmacology to modern day drug and nutraceuticals developments"
2173:
demonstrated battery-free wireless sensors and computers that mimic dandelion seeds and can float in the wind and disperse across a large area.
5342:
3123:
3985:
3920:
3578:
3528:
3433:
3158:
3107:
1468:
4997:
3633:
3246:
2547:
2140:
4796:
4550:"Dandelion root extract affects colorectal cancer proliferation and survival through the activation of multiple death signalling pathways"
4266:
Bekhaled I, Benalia A, Mehida H, et al. (15 May 2020). "Evaluation of the Acute
Toxicity of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Roots".
3001:"Towards a better understanding of the Taraxacum evolution (Compositae–Cichorieae) on the basis of nrDNA of sexually reproducing species"
2526:
4848:
5137:
2980:
825:
2154:, and "Dandelion Yellow" is one of the school's official colors. "The Dandelion Yellow" is an official University of Rochester song.
4806:
4664:
2947:
2739:
2088:
1418:
1366:
521:
5142:
1463:
for much of recorded history. They were well known to ancient
Egyptians, Greeks and Romans, and are recorded to have been used in
3507:
S. Potter & L. Sargent (1973) Pedigree: essays on the etymology of words from nature. Collins New
Naturalist series Volume 56
1305:
5267:
4002:
2816:
Ledda PG, Siconolfi L, Viola F, et al. (2 July 2019). "Flow dynamics of a dandelion pappus: A linear stability approach".
3880:
2694:
597:
are yellow to orange coloured, and are open in the daytime, but closed at night. The heads are borne singly on a hollow stem (
5391:
4036:
3618:
Antiquitates curiosae: the etymology of many remarkable old sayings, proverbs and singular customs explained by Joseph Taylor
1262:
1609:
5285:
5293:
3373:
2493:
1827:
1510:
3449:
2136:
It has been a
Western tradition for someone to blow out a dandelion seedhead and think of a wish they want to come true.
5457:
3727:
1464:
589:
In general, the leaves are 50–250 mm (2–10 in) long or longer, simple, lobed-to-pinnatisect, and form a basal
2940:
Investigating seed dispersal distances and long distance dispersal mechanisms of the invasive plant, Alliaria Petiolata
2252:"Complete chloroplast genomes from apomictic Taraxacum (Asteraceae): Identity and variation between three microspecies"
1987:
insects will collect nectar from the flower, especially in early spring when there are very few other flowers in bloom.
5111:
4673:
3153:. B.S.B.I. handbook (Reprinted with minor alterations 2000 ed.). London: Botanical Society of the British Isles.
1139:, the rock dandelion, achenes reddish brown and leaves deeply cut throughout the length, inner bracts' tips are hooded
933:
5030:
1925:. Dandelions were once considered delicacies by the Victorian gentry, who used them mostly in salads and sandwiches.
5437:
5396:
5355:
306:
284:
153:
34:
5311:
5452:
2695:"Engineers uncover secret 'thinking' behind dandelions' seed dispersal | Imperial News | Imperial College London"
2472:
1953:
for sensitive individuals when consumed or coming into contact with skin, but the risk is mild. Latex containing
1007:
945:
864:) by their basal rosette of leaves, their lack of disc florets, and the absence of scales on the flowering stem.
664:
5447:
3949:
2170:
1757:
1538:
1387:
1340:
1180:
1076:
1034:
1027:
468:
5360:
3696:
3544:
895:
complex due to the presence of apomixis: any morphologically distinct clonal population would deserve its own
548:
Like other members of the family Asteraceae, they have very small flowers collected together into a composite
3762:
5215:
4165:"Functional Studies of Plant Latex as a Rich Source of Bioactive Compounds: Focus on Proteins and Alkaloids"
2555:
2147:
473:
4822:
4658:
Stewart-Wade SM, Neumann S, Collins LL, et al. (1 October 2002). "The biology of Canadian weeds. 117.
3268:
5189:
5054:
2398:
2371:
2109:
With a wide range of uses, the dandelion is cultivated in small gardens to massive farms. It is kept as a
1288:
1196:
1019:
629:
when broken. A rosette may produce several flowering stems at a time. The flower heads are 20–50 mm (
883:). These are readily distinguished by branched flowering stems, which are usually hairy and bear leaves.
5220:
5194:
4740:
4414:
2608:
2389:
1954:
1918:
1910:
1188:
1143:
1000:
971:
5020:
2191:
when the tissues are cut or broken, yet in the wild type, the latex content is low and varies greatly.
5246:
789:
5321:
5150:
4905:
4712:
4232:
3935:
3884:
3827:
3190:
3012:
2825:
2774:
2426:
2263:
2193:
2182:
1974:
1429:
1236:
1164:
1135:
1127:
1069:
1042:
978:
831:
575:
462:
300:
25:
3290:
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areas of the Northern Hemisphere. The genus contains many species, which usually (or in the case of
3910:
1791:
1119:
1096:
3597:
1424:
143:
A dandelion flower head composed of numerous small florets (top). The seedhead is shown below it.
5432:
5404:
5347:
5202:
4947:
4929:
4693:
4006:
3861:
3765:. Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. 1 July 2016
3644:
3078:
3028:
2859:
2798:
2559:
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1958:
1211:
1157:
1112:
1104:
1062:
993:
986:
892:
559:
326:
148:
4769:
2603:
3975:
3315:
777:
The seeds are able to cover large distances when dispersed due to the unique morphology of the
541: 'lion's tooth', referring to the jagged leaves) is also given to specific members of the
5329:
5124:
4921:
4802:
4720:
4685:
4579:
4530:
4503:
4467:
4402:
4353:
4318:
4283:
4248:
4204:
4186:
4145:
4104:
4086:
4042:
4032:
3981:
3916:
3906:
3853:
3845:
3793:
3744:
3574:
3524:
3429:
3224:
3206:
3154:
3103:
2976:
2953:
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2920:
2851:
2790:
2735:
2501:
2477:
2454:
2291:
1823:
1522:
1433:
1150:
952:
857:
4737:
3616:
1581:
effect of the plant's roots. In various northeastern Italian dialects, the plant is known as
1386:'Amélioré à Coeur Plein' yields an abundant crop without taking up much ground, and tends to
5334:
4913:
4677:
4635:
4569:
4561:
4495:
4457:
4447:
4392:
4384:
4345:
4310:
4275:
4240:
4194:
4176:
4135:
4094:
4076:
3835:
3736:
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3214:
3198:
3068:
3020:
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2900:
2890:
2841:
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2782:
2444:
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2281:
2271:
2072:
1914:
1819:
1807:
1803:
1590:
957:
903:
698:
590:
483:
403:
1123:, the Japanese dandelion, no ring of smallish, downward-turned leaves under the flower head
536:
3570:
3059:
2355:
2315:
2250:
Rubar Hussein M. Salih, Ľuboš Majeský, Trude Schwarzacher, et al. (9 February 2017).
2110:
2104:
1831:
1815:
1811:
1783:
1762:
1490:
1357:
929:
844:
778:
759:
735:
719:
530:
449:
191:
30:
5207:
5092:
3495:
3479:
5181:
4909:
4870:
4462:
4435:
4236:
3831:
3194:
3016:
2829:
2778:
2674:
2430:
2267:
1046:, the horned dandelion, considered by some sources to be a North American subspecies of
135:
5442:
4574:
4549:
4397:
4372:
4314:
4199:
4164:
4099:
4064:
3341:
3219:
3178:
3073:
3050:
2915:
2878:
2449:
2414:
2350:
2286:
2251:
2210:
2202:
2151:
2007:
1845:
1766:
1718:
1514:
714:
598:
178:
4598:"Out My Backdoor: In Defense of Dandelions | Department Of Natural Resources Division"
4124:"Literature Review on the Biological Effects of Taraxacum Officinale Plant In Therapy"
3840:
3815:
2973:
Wild flowers of Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora
2573:
1405:
1253:
5426:
4952:
4933:
4893:
4623:
3000:
2863:
2645:
2613:
2084:
1978:
dandelion root extracts have been shown to possibly decrease growth of cancer cells.
1835:
1779:
1687:
703:
549:
247:
84:
4697:
4244:
3865:
3342:"The red-leaved Faroese dandelion, Taraxacum rubifolium Rasmussen | Fróðskaparrit -"
3032:
2802:
1513:
around 900 CE wrote "the tarashaquq is like chicory". The scientist and philosopher
651:(in both British and American English) containing many single-seeded fruits called
5409:
5031:"Unloved in bloom, unwelcomed in summer: Weeding through the lore of the dandelion"
4976:"Fraunhofer and Continental come together when the dandelion rubber meets the road"
4336:
Paulsen E (2017). "Systemic allergic dermatitis caused by sesquiterpene lactones".
3414:
by Felix Yu. VELICHKEVICH and Ewa ZASTAWNIAK - Acta Palaeobot. 43(2): 137–259, 2003
2837:
2725:
2531:
2206:
2080:
1990:
1706:
1649:
907:
896:
594:
292:
5129:
5103:
4373:"The Physiological Effects of Dandelion (Taraxacum Officinale) in Type 2 Diabetes"
5116:
3816:"Taraxalisin -- a serine proteinase from dandelion Taraxacum officinale Webb s.l"
3563:
3518:
3097:
2729:
2439:
2276:
5383:
5298:
5254:
5086:
2653:
2581:
2118:
2044:
1795:
1732:
1714:
1614:
1506:
849:
782:
583:
567:
59:
4917:
4452:
3377:
3202:
2759:
387:
4565:
3740:
3453:
3024:
2786:
1917:. Dandelion was also commonly used to make the traditional British soft drink
1710:
1695:
1691:
1566:
1331:
840:
739:
668:
653:
453:
267:
257:
237:
126:
104:
69:
4724:
4689:
4624:"The influence of livestock management on habitat quality for farmland birds"
4287:
4279:
4190:
4149:
4090:
4046:
3849:
3210:
2957:
2879:"Environmental morphing enables informed dispersal of the dandelion diaspore"
2855:
2627:
2505:
2075:
and infestation of other crops worldwide; in some jurisdictions, the species
586:, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant.
5176:
5163:
4998:"Linglong to fund research into dandelion rubber | Rubber and Plastics News"
4388:
4140:
4123:
3099:
Dandelions of Great Britain and Ireland (Handbooks for Field Identification)
2905:
2734:(Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. p. 712.
2117:
brings up nutrients for shallow-rooting plants. It is also known to attract
2048:
1922:
1702:
1645:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1473:
1396:'Vert de Montmagny' is a large-leaved, vigorous grower, which matures early.
918:
802:
747:
743:
227:
109:
53:
5373:
5077:
4925:
4583:
4534:
4507:
4471:
4406:
4357:
4252:
4208:
4108:
3797:
3748:
3228:
2924:
2794:
2458:
2295:
2063:
1279:
5015:
4322:
4181:
4081:
3857:
625: in) or more above the leaves. Stems and leaves exude a white, milky
476:
in their entirety and have a long history of consumption. The common name
5368:
5071:
3407:
3399:
3124:"Overlooked dandelion diversity in BC (and everywhere in North America?)"
2125:
1736:
1698:
1586:
1578:
1452:
914:
868:
755:
751:
579:
217:
204:
99:
94:
79:
74:
64:
4639:
3814:
Rudenskaya GN, Bogacheva AM, Preusser A, et al. (23 October 1998).
2895:
2846:
2494:"Plantwatch: The remarkable 'dent de lion' is becoming much more fierce"
1485:
1227:
5233:
3403:
3082:
2999:
Kirschner J, Záveská Drábková L, Štěpánek J, et al. (April 2015).
2336:
2121:
2114:
1962:
1950:
1799:
1787:
1775:
1675:
1653:
1633:
1456:
1440:
770:
that rapidly colonize disturbed soil, especially the common dandelion (
767:
731:
114:
89:
4349:
1467:
for over a thousand years. The plant was used as food and medicine by
814:
5259:
4499:
4122:
Faria TC, Nascimento CC, Vasconcelos SD, et al. (14 June 2019).
3411:
2022:
1934:
1906:
1726:
1722:
1598:
1444:
1439:
Dandelions are thought to have evolved about 30 million years ago in
876:
818:
659:
643:. The flower heads mature into spherical seed heads sometimes called
640:
554:
19:"Dandelion" redirects here. It may refer to any species of the genus
5048:
4681:
3243:"Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute - Taraxacum ceratophorum"
3102:. Botanical Society of the British Isles Publications. p. 330.
2328:
921:
microspecies have been recorded in Great Britain and Ireland alone.
2143:. The citizens celebrate spring with an annual Dandelion Festival.
1933:
The yellow flowers can be dried and ground into a yellow-pigmented
821:
flower heads and ripe seeds are sometimes confused with dandelions.
793:
The pappus of a dandelion seed, which aids in wind-driven dispersal
5272:
5168:
2413:
Boguś MI, Wrońska AK, Kaczmarek A, et al. (20 January 2023).
2188:
2062:
2040:
2028:
1989:
1902:
1849:
1756:
1740:
1608:
1484:
1423:
1404:
824:
813:
796:
788:
713:
697:
679:
675:
626:
542:
445:
386:
165:
3452:. Maine Organic Farmers and Gardeners Association. Archived from
786:
optimal conditions that will maximize dispersal and germination.
4826:
4755:
3977:
Wild edible plants of Crete - Η Άγρια βρώσιμη χλωρίδα της Κρήτης
2083:. It can also be considered invasive in protected areas such as
2052:
1721:. The roots contain a substantial amount of the prebiotic fiber
1641:
1460:
5052:
4548:
Ovadje P, Ammar S, Guerrero JA, et al. (8 November 2016).
3177:
Nowicki M, Zhao Y, Boggess SL, et al. (13 February 2019).
2760:"A separated vortex ring underlies the flight of the dandelion"
2006:
seeds are an important food source for certain birds (linnets,
902:
As of 1970, the group is divided into about 34 macrospecies or
5155:
4892:
Iyer V, Gaensbauer H, Daniel TL, et al. (17 March 2022).
4849:"White Sulphur Springs hosts West Virginia Dandelion Festival"
2877:
Seale M, Zhdanov O, Cummins C, et al. (7 February 2019).
2199:
Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology
1938:
1790:
is left intact. To make leaves more palatable, they are often
1657:
513:
4823:"Welcome to Main Street White Sulphur Springs...Make it home"
3725:—a review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile".
847:. Dandelion flowers are very similar to those of cat's ears (
3881:"Edible weeds that are safe to eat and how you can use them"
3486:
by Ernest Weekley (1921) it is reported that Arabic طرشقون
3974:
Kleonikos G. Stavridakis, Κλεόνικος Γ. Σταυριδάκης (2006).
1471:. Dandelions were probably brought to North America on the
507:
501:
433:
427:
409:
2578:
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms
1080:, the red-seeded dandelion, often considered a variety of
4163:
Gracz-Bernaciak J, Mazur O, Nawrot R (17 November 2021).
3721:
Katrin Schütz, Reinhold Carle, Andreas Schieber (2006). "
3670:"Den virtuella floran: Taraxacum F. H. Wigg. - Maskrosor"
3428:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 191.
1525:, in translating Arabic to Latin around 1170, spelled it
1459:. Dandelions have been used by humans for food and as an
492:
418:
4128:
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development
3912:
On Food and Cooking: the science and lore of the kitchen
2680:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
2527:"Let dandelions grow. Bees, beetles and birds need them"
2309:
Adrian John Richards (1985). "Sectional nomenclature in
1870:) are eaten by locals, either raw or boiled, in salads.
1589:"), because they are found at the side of pavements. In
867:
Other plants with superficially similar flowers include
16:
Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae
4753:
Denali’s Dandelion Demolition returns after 2020 hiatus
2071:
Dandelions can cause significant economic damage as an
4434:
Mohanta YK, Mishra AK, Nongbet A, et al. (2023).
1620:
Raw dandelion greens contain high amounts of vitamins
4063:
Kania-Dobrowolska M, Baraniak J (15 September 2022).
856:
Early-flowering dandelions may be distinguished from
601:) that is usually leafless and rises 10–100 mm (
558:. In part due to their abundance, along with being a
522:
495:
430:
424:
421:
1994:
Dandelion specimen 85 cm (33 in) in height
639:–2 in) in diameter and consist entirely of ray
562:, dandelions are one of the most vital early spring
504:
498:
489:
415:
406:
5061:
4301:Lovell CR, Rowan M (1991). "Dandelion dermatitis".
2758:Cummins C, Seale M, Macente A, et al. (2018).
1887:
1875:
1802:. Dandelion greens have been a part of traditional
1390:
itself naturally, due to its clumping growth habit.
486:
436:
412:
4134:(3). Society of Pharmaceutical Tecnocrats: 94–99.
4058:
4056:
3562:
3476:An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language
1905:, along with other ingredients, usually including
928:are sometimes called taraxacologists, for example
4894:"Wind dispersal of battery-free wireless devices"
1569:" (and indeed the equivalent contemporary French
1023:, the California dandelion, an endangered species
4770:"Companion Planting for Vegetables & Plants"
3376:. Gardening.wsu.edu. 4 May 2003. Archived from
3172:
3170:
1597:(worm rose) after the nymphs of small insects (
1432:of a dandelion serving as a plant host to the
456:, which consists of species commonly known as
3809:
3807:
3523:. New York: Dover Publications. p. 315.
3374:"Gardening in Western Washington: Dandelions"
1131:, the Kazakh dandelion, which produces rubber
8:
4419:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
3950:"Lebanese Dandelions with Carmalized Onions"
3362:. Fondation Louis Bonduelle. 5 October 2016.
2994:
2992:
2753:
2751:
2146:The dandelion is the official flower of the
1571:
1176:), the common dandelion, found in many forms
671:(wind-aided) dispersal over long distances.
4371:Wirngo FE, Lambert MN, Jeppesen PB (2016).
4169:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
3621:(2nd ed.). T&J Allman. p. 97.
3490:is derivable in turn from Persian تلخ چکوک
3044:
3042:
1913:. Its ground, roasted roots can be used as
1893:
1881:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1839:
1509:Arabic writings on pharmacy. The scientist
956:, the white-flowered Japanese dandelion, a
843:with yellow flowers are sometimes known as
552:. Each single flower in a head is called a
510:
5049:
3149:Dudman AA, Richards AJ, Stewart O (2000).
2394:F. H. Wiggers, Prim. Fl. Holsat. 56. 1780"
2039:Dandelions are used as food plants by the
835:seedhead with only one seed still attached
754:, resulting in many local populations and
134:
125:
40:
4798:Wish: wishing traditions around the world
4653:
4651:
4649:
4573:
4461:
4451:
4396:
4268:Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics
4198:
4180:
4139:
4098:
4080:
3839:
3716:
3714:
3484:An Etymology Dictionary of Modern English
3218:
3072:
2914:
2904:
2894:
2845:
2448:
2438:
2285:
2275:
2139:Five dandelion flowers are the emblem of
1852:, the leaves of a variety called 'Mari' (
1648:. Raw dandelion greens are 86% water, 9%
1489:Leaf resemblance to the teeth of a lion (
667:of fine hair-like material which enables
3569:. Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press. p.
2975:. London: A & C Black. p. 274.
2720:
2718:
2716:
1613:Plate of sauteed dandelion greens, with
1601:larvae) usually present in the flowers.
3517:Britton, N. F., Brown, Addison (1970).
3151:Dandelions of Great Britain and Ireland
3051:"Eutriploid facultative agamospermy in
2242:
2229:Eating the seedhead is not recommended.
2222:
1517:around 1000 CE wrote a book chapter on
1477:for their supposed medicinal benefits.
781:which works to create a unique type of
582:, where the seeds are produced without
391:Dandelion bilobed stigma bearing pollen
4871:"Songs of the University of Rochester"
4622:D. L. Buckingham, W. J. Peach (2005).
4412:
4003:"Dandelion as underrated as underfoot"
3426:Edible and useful plants of California
4001:Castronovo Fusco MA (15 April 2008).
3691:
3689:
3687:
3545:"Common Dandelion_Family: Asteraceae"
2971:Blamey M, Fitter R, Fitter A (2003).
2383:
2381:
7:
5397:6cfc234d-fbd2-4e23-8a3b-24b71daaeeff
5322:d47cf699-0a24-46e4-baf1-59d99908b92c
4948:"Making Rubber from Dandelion Juice"
4873:. Lib.rochester.edu. 14 January 2010
3643:. Frapez soothie spa. Archived from
2141:White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia
924:Botanists specialising in the genus
4825:. Wssmainstreet.org. Archived from
3915:. New York: Scribner. p. 320.
3699:. Nutritiondata.com, Conde Nast Inc
1921:, and is one of the ingredients of
4774:Country living and farm lifestyles
4315:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01826.x
3634:"Dandelion - far more than a weed"
3424:Clarke, Charlotte Bringle (1977).
3291:"Plants for a Future Search Error"
3074:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1970.tb02461.x
2183:Taraxacum kok-saghyz § Rubber
1915:a caffeine-free coffee alternative
1537:The English name, dandelion, is a
839:Many similar plants in the family
758:. In the British Isles alone, 234
14:
4665:Canadian Journal of Plant Science
4523:International Journal of Oncology
2650:Longman English Dictionary Online
2128:gas, which helps fruit to ripen.
2089:Denali National Park and Preserve
1774:consumption are mainly native to
1674:oz) reference amount supplies 45
1562:, white endive, and wild endive.
801:Field with flowering dandelions,
674:The flower head is surrounded by
5463:Extant Miocene first appearances
5361:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328762-2
5014:
4851:. Nexstar Media Inc. 27 May 2023
3402:flora of Kholmech, southeastern
1686:The raw flowers contain diverse
1409:Hand-coloured print, plate 1 of
1356:
1330:
1304:
1278:
1252:
1226:
663:. Each cypsela is attached to a
482:
402:
152:
4245:10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.01.003
3907:"A survey of common vegetables"
3406:and its correlation with other
3005:Plant Systematics and Evolution
593:above the central taproot. The
49:Temporal range: Miocene–recent
2838:10.1103/physrevfluids.4.071901
2731:New Flora of the British Isles
2683:(5th ed.). HarperCollins.
2356:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1786:, its leaves grow back if the
1632:, and are moderate sources of
1011:, frequently misidentified as
1:
3841:10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01243-5
3672:(in Swedish). Linnaeus.nrm.se
3478:, by Walter W. Skeat (1888) (
3340:Øllgaard H (1 January 1996).
2942:. Illinois State University.
2372:"Don't Dismiss the Dandelion"
2177:As a source of natural rubber
678:(sometimes mistakenly called
4776:. countryfarm-lifestyles.com
4713:"In praise of the archenemy"
3728:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
2440:10.1371/journal.pone.0280810
2277:10.1371/journal.pone.0168008
2169:In 2022, researchers at the
1465:traditional Chinese medicine
1451:have been recorded from the
1428:1679 hand-coloured print by
4674:Canadian Science Publishing
3496:Downloadable at Archive.org
3480:Downloadable at Archive.org
3128:iNaturalist Community Forum
2158:Inspiration for engineering
1973:Dandelion has been used in
1888:
1876:
1725:. Dandelion greens contain
1008:Taraxacum brevicorniculatum
934:Johannes Leendert van Soest
750:, obligately) reproduce by
566:sources for a wide host of
563:
466:(the common dandelion) and
5481:
4918:10.1038/s41586-021-04363-9
4795:Thong R (September 2008).
4453:10.3389/fphar.2023.1153600
3346:Faroese Scientific Journal
3203:10.1038/s41598-019-38532-8
2180:
2102:
2020:
1015:and a poor rubber producer
943:
35:Dandelion (disambiguation)
29:. For similar plants, see
18:
4811:– via Google Books.
4662:G. H. Weber ex Wiggers".
4566:10.18632/oncotarget.11485
4391:(inactive 29 July 2024).
4029:Dyes from natural sources
3948:Bergo A (27 March 2021).
3879:Osborne T (11 May 2016).
3741:10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.021
3025:10.1007/s00606-014-1139-0
2787:10.1038/s41586-018-0604-2
1894:
1882:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1840:
1794:to remove bitterness, or
1207:, a near-extinct species.
1184:, the St. Kilda dandelion
1028:Taraxacum carneocoloratum
946:List of Taraxacum species
332:
325:
318:
313:
298:
291:
149:Scientific classification
147:
142:
133:
124:
43:
5029:Frail F (23 June 1981).
4280:10.22270/jddt.v10i3.4093
3938:, ItalianFoodForever.com
3936:sautéed Dandelion Greens
3786:Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
3269:"Flora of North America"
2492:Simons P (25 May 2012).
2209:. In collaboration with
2171:University of Washington
1963:lactone hypersensitivity
1181:Taraxacum pankhurstianum
1077:Taraxacum erythrospermum
1038:, the Xinjiang dandelion
1035:Taraxacum centrasiaticum
4389:10.1900/RDS.2016.13.113
4141:10.22270/ajprd.v7i3.502
3697:"Dandelion greens, raw"
3049:A. J. Richards (1970).
2556:University of Wisconsin
2473:"Wild About Dandelions"
2148:University of Rochester
1577:) refers to the strong
1565:The English folk name "
1108:, the Troödos dandelion
1100:, the Turkish dandelion
3905:McGee, Harold (2004).
3316:"Taraxacum rubifolium"
2818:Physical Review Fluids
2399:Flora of North America
2068:
1995:
1955:sesquiterpene lactones
1770:
1617:
1572:
1498:
1494:
1436:
1421:
1197:Taraxacum pseudoroseum
1192:, the Korean dandelion
1043:Taraxacum ceratophorum
1020:Taraxacum californicum
982:, the Paphos dandelion
836:
822:
806:
794:
723:
711:
574:species produce seeds
535:
469:T. erythrospermum
392:
368:Y.R.Ling & X.D.Sun
33:. For other uses, see
4751:Love, Colleen Coulon
4741:National Park Service
4711:Richardson J (1985).
4488:Phytotherapy Research
4309:(3). Wiley: 185–188.
4182:10.3390/ijms222212427
4082:10.3390/foods11182858
3602:TheFreeDictionary.com
3565:Solving weed problems
2632:InfoPlease Dictionary
2609:CollinsDictionary.com
2099:Benefits to gardeners
2066:
1993:
1949:Dandelions may cause
1919:dandelion and burdock
1864:), or 'Koproradiko' (
1760:
1705:-like compound), and
1612:
1488:
1427:
1408:
1189:Taraxacum platycarpum
1144:Taraxacum lissocarpum
1001:Taraxacum brachyceras
972:Taraxacum algarbiense
828:
817:
800:
792:
717:
702:These are individual
701:
390:
5025:at Wikimedia Commons
4660:Taraxacum officinale
4031:. Bell & Hyman.
4027:Dyer, Anne. (1981).
3885:ABC News (Australia)
2370:Greenwood B (2015).
2194:Taraxacum kok-saghyz
2093:Taraxacum officinale
1975:traditional medicine
1449:Taraxacum tanaiticum
1430:Maria Sibylla Merian
1204:Taraxacum rubifolium
1165:Taraxacum officinale
1136:Taraxacum laevigatum
1128:Taraxacum kok-saghyz
1070:Taraxacum desertorum
979:Taraxacum aphrogenes
832:Taraxacum officinale
708:Taraxacum officinale
301:Taraxacum officinale
26:Taraxacum officinale
5458:Melliferous flowers
5000:. 20 December 2017.
4910:2022Natur.603..427I
4801:. Chronicle Books.
4640:10.1079/ASC50700199
4602:georgiawildlife.com
4560:(45): 73080–73100.
4237:2015PChem.115...89H
3980:. Rethymnon Crete.
3832:1998FEBSL.437..237R
3456:on 20 February 2017
3195:2019NatSR...9.1915N
3096:Richards A (1997).
3017:2015PSyEv.301.1135K
2938:Loebach CA (2015).
2896:10.7554/eLife.81962
2830:2019PhRvF...4g1901L
2779:2018Natur.562..414C
2562:on 22 October 2008.
2431:2023PLoSO..1880810B
2268:2017PLoSO..1268008M
2187:Dandelions secrete
2132:Cultural importance
2043:of some species of
1909:, are used to make
1798:in the same way as
1701:, isoquercitrin (a
1419:Elizabeth Blackwell
1120:Taraxacum japonicum
1097:Taraxacum farinosum
766:are seed-dispersed
722:fiber showing barbs
706:of the dandelion -
23:or specifically to
5035:The Boston Phoenix
4738:Non native species
4338:Contact Dermatitis
4303:Contact Dermatitis
4007:New Jersey On-Line
3183:Scientific Reports
2546:Doll J, Trower T.
2359:. Merriam-Webster.
2069:
1996:
1959:contact dermatitis
1951:allergic reactions
1771:
1739:, is found in the
1618:
1499:
1437:
1422:
1212:Taraxacum suecicum
1170:T. officinale
1158:Taraxacum mirabile
1113:Taraxacum hybernum
1105:Taraxacum holmboei
1063:Taraxacum coreanum
1052:T. officinale
994:Taraxacum balticum
987:Taraxacum arcticum
936:or A.J. Richards.
837:
823:
807:
795:
772:T. officinale
742:plants, native to
724:
712:
560:generalist species
463:T. officinale
393:
5438:Asteraceae genera
5420:
5419:
5330:Open Tree of Life
5055:Taxon identifiers
5019:Media related to
4978:. 14 October 2013
4956:. 28 October 2013
4904:(7901): 427–433.
4350:10.1111/cod.12671
3987:978-960-631-179-6
3922:978-0-684-80001-1
3615:Taylor J (1819).
3598:"Dandelion clock"
3580:978-1-58574-274-5
3561:Loewer P (2001).
3530:978-0-486-22644-6
3435:978-0-520-03261-3
3160:978-0-901158-25-3
3130:. 17 January 2020
3109:978-0-901158-25-3
2646:"dandelion clock"
2478:Mother Earth News
1982:Food for wildlife
1523:Gerard of Cremona
1434:pale tussock moth
1378:
1377:
1151:Taraxacum minimum
953:Taraxacum albidum
906:, and about 2000
862:Tussilago farfara
385:
384:
377:
369:
361:
353:
345:
287:
5470:
5453:Medicinal plants
5413:
5412:
5400:
5399:
5387:
5386:
5377:
5376:
5364:
5363:
5351:
5350:
5338:
5337:
5325:
5324:
5315:
5314:
5302:
5301:
5299:NHMSYS0000464161
5289:
5288:
5276:
5275:
5263:
5262:
5250:
5249:
5237:
5236:
5224:
5223:
5211:
5210:
5198:
5197:
5185:
5184:
5172:
5171:
5159:
5158:
5146:
5145:
5133:
5132:
5120:
5119:
5107:
5106:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5050:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5018:
5002:
5001:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4972:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4765:
4759:
4749:
4743:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4655:
4644:
4643:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4577:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4500:10.1002/ptr.5059
4482:
4476:
4475:
4465:
4455:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4418:
4410:
4400:
4383:(2–3): 113–131.
4368:
4362:
4361:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4202:
4184:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4143:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4102:
4084:
4060:
4051:
4050:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3945:
3939:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3843:
3811:
3802:
3801:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3718:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3693:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3649:
3638:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3568:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3499:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3421:
3415:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3245:. Archived from
3239:
3233:
3232:
3222:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3076:
3046:
3037:
3036:
3011:(4): 1135–1156.
2996:
2987:
2986:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2918:
2908:
2898:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2849:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2722:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2580:(6th ed.).
2570:
2564:
2563:
2558:. Archived from
2543:
2537:
2536:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2452:
2442:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2385:
2376:
2375:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2289:
2279:
2247:
2230:
2227:
2091:in Alaska lists
2073:invasive species
2059:Invasive species
1961:for people with
1897:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1843:
1842:
1828:Sephardic Jewish
1820:Albanian cuisine
1808:Lebanese cuisine
1804:Kashmiri cuisine
1673:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1575:
1469:Native Americans
1415:A Curious Herbal
1360:
1334:
1308:
1282:
1256:
1230:
1218:
1217:
1205:
940:Selected species
845:false dandelions
638:
637:
633:
624:
623:
619:
616:
610:
609:
605:
525:
520:
519:
516:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
450:flowering plants
443:
442:
439:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
375:
367:
359:
351:
343:
283:
157:
156:
138:
129:
119:
56:
41:
5480:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5448:Leaf vegetables
5423:
5422:
5421:
5416:
5408:
5403:
5395:
5390:
5382:
5380:
5372:
5367:
5359:
5354:
5346:
5341:
5333:
5328:
5320:
5318:
5310:
5305:
5297:
5292:
5284:
5279:
5271:
5266:
5258:
5253:
5245:
5240:
5232:
5227:
5219:
5214:
5206:
5201:
5193:
5188:
5180:
5175:
5167:
5162:
5154:
5149:
5141:
5136:
5128:
5123:
5115:
5110:
5102:
5100:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5057:
5039:
5037:
5028:
5011:
5006:
5005:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4981:
4979:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4959:
4957:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4876:
4874:
4869:
4868:
4864:
4854:
4852:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4832:
4830:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4809:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4779:
4777:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4758:, June 17, 2021
4750:
4746:
4736:
4732:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4682:10.4141/p01-010
4657:
4656:
4647:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4606:
4604:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4440:Front Pharmacol
4433:
4432:
4428:
4411:
4377:Rev Diabet Stud
4370:
4369:
4365:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4062:
4061:
4054:
4039:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4011:
4009:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3988:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3956:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3934:
3930:
3923:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3813:
3812:
3805:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3766:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3720:
3719:
3712:
3702:
3700:
3695:
3694:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3650:on 11 July 2011
3647:
3636:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3581:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3531:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3494:, bitter herb (
3473:
3469:
3459:
3457:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3436:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3380:on 26 June 2012
3372:
3371:
3367:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3295:www.ibiblio.org
3289:
3288:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3252:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3176:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3133:
3131:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3110:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3060:New Phytologist
3048:
3047:
3040:
2998:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2950:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2773:(7727): 414–8.
2762:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2724:
2723:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2584:Companies. 2003
2572:
2571:
2567:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2481:. 1 April 2008.
2471:
2470:
2466:
2425:(1): e0280810.
2412:
2411:
2407:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2329:10.2307/1222201
2313:(Asteraceae)".
2308:
2307:
2303:
2262:(2). e0168008.
2249:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2185:
2179:
2160:
2134:
2111:companion plant
2107:
2105:Beneficial weed
2101:
2087:. For example,
2079:is listed as a
2067:Dandelion roots
2061:
2037:
2025:
2019:
2001:
1984:
1971:
1947:
1931:
1872:T. megalorhizon
1846:Korean cuisines
1816:Italian cuisine
1812:Spanish cuisine
1784:perennial plant
1755:
1750:
1684:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1607:
1593:, it is called
1535:
1501:The Latin name
1483:
1403:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1266:T. californicum
1264:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1203:
948:
942:
930:Gunnar Marklund
889:
812:
726:The species of
696:
635:
631:
630:
621:
617:
614:
612:
607:
603:
602:
523:
485:
481:
405:
401:
381:
380:
336:
309:
304:
282:
151:
120:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
51:
50:
47:
37:
31:False dandelion
17:
12:
11:
5:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5425:
5424:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5410:wfo-4000037583
5401:
5388:
5378:
5365:
5352:
5339:
5326:
5316:
5303:
5290:
5277:
5264:
5251:
5238:
5225:
5212:
5199:
5186:
5173:
5160:
5147:
5134:
5121:
5108:
5098:
5083:
5067:
5065:
5059:
5058:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5026:
5010:
5009:External links
5007:
5004:
5003:
4989:
4967:
4939:
4884:
4862:
4840:
4829:on 4 June 2010
4814:
4807:
4787:
4760:
4744:
4730:
4703:
4645:
4634:(2): 199–203.
4628:Animal Science
4614:
4589:
4540:
4529:(5): 1085–90.
4513:
4494:(5): 745–752.
4477:
4426:
4363:
4328:
4293:
4274:(3): 159–163.
4258:
4225:Phytochemistry
4214:
4155:
4114:
4052:
4037:
4019:
3993:
3986:
3966:
3940:
3928:
3921:
3897:
3871:
3826:(3): 237–240.
3803:
3776:
3754:
3735:(3): 313–323.
3710:
3683:
3661:
3624:
3607:
3589:
3585:Swine's Snout.
3579:
3553:
3536:
3529:
3509:
3500:
3467:
3441:
3434:
3416:
3391:
3365:
3351:
3332:
3307:
3282:
3260:
3249:on 8 July 2014
3234:
3166:
3159:
3141:
3115:
3108:
3088:
3067:(3): 761–774.
3038:
2988:
2982:978-1408179505
2981:
2963:
2948:
2930:
2906:10044/1/102018
2869:
2808:
2747:
2740:
2712:
2686:
2666:
2637:
2619:
2595:
2565:
2538:
2535:. 12 May 2015.
2518:
2484:
2464:
2405:
2377:
2362:
2342:
2323:(4): 633–644.
2301:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2211:Continental AG
2203:natural rubber
2178:
2175:
2159:
2156:
2152:New York State
2133:
2130:
2103:Main article:
2100:
2097:
2085:national parks
2060:
2057:
2036:
2033:
2021:Main article:
2018:
2015:
2000:
1997:
1983:
1980:
1970:
1967:
1946:
1943:
1937:and used as a
1930:
1927:
1911:dandelion wine
1858:), 'Mariaki' (
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1719:sesquiterpenes
1688:phytochemicals
1683:
1682:Phytochemicals
1680:
1660:. A 100 gram (
1606:
1603:
1541:of the French
1534:
1531:
1505:originates in
1482:
1479:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1370:T. platycarpum
1365:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1313:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1287:
1286:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1261:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1235:
1234:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1208:
1200:
1193:
1185:
1177:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1109:
1101:
1093:
1090:erythrospermum
1073:
1066:
1059:
1039:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1004:
997:
990:
983:
975:
968:
944:Main article:
941:
938:
888:
887:Classification
885:
811:
810:Similar plants
808:
695:
692:
452:in the family
383:
382:
379:
378:
370:
362:
354:
346:
337:
334:
333:
330:
329:
323:
322:
316:
315:
311:
310:
305:
296:
295:
289:
288:
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
255:
251:
250:
245:
241:
240:
235:
231:
230:
225:
221:
220:
215:
208:
207:
202:
195:
194:
189:
182:
181:
176:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
145:
144:
140:
139:
131:
130:
122:
121:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
57:
48:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5476:
5475:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5411:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5379:
5375:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5317:
5313:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5094:
5088:
5084:
5079:
5073:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5051:
5036:
5032:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5017:
5013:
5012:
5008:
4999:
4993:
4990:
4977:
4971:
4968:
4955:
4954:
4953:Science Daily
4949:
4943:
4940:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4888:
4885:
4872:
4866:
4863:
4850:
4844:
4841:
4828:
4824:
4818:
4815:
4810:
4808:9780811857161
4804:
4800:
4799:
4791:
4788:
4775:
4771:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4739:
4734:
4731:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4707:
4704:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4618:
4615:
4603:
4599:
4593:
4590:
4585:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4544:
4541:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4517:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4481:
4478:
4473:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4430:
4427:
4422:
4416:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4367:
4364:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4332:
4329:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4297:
4294:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4262:
4259:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4218:
4215:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4175:(22): 12427.
4174:
4170:
4166:
4159:
4156:
4151:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4118:
4115:
4110:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4030:
4023:
4020:
4008:
4004:
3997:
3994:
3989:
3983:
3979:
3978:
3970:
3967:
3955:
3951:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3932:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3901:
3898:
3886:
3882:
3875:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3795:
3792:(9): 1030–7.
3791:
3787:
3780:
3777:
3764:
3763:"Carotenoids"
3758:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3698:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3611:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3557:
3554:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3513:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3427:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3361:
3355:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3336:
3333:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3271:. Efloras.org
3270:
3264:
3261:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3152:
3145:
3142:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3092:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3054:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2949:9781321782141
2945:
2941:
2934:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2824:(7): 071901.
2823:
2819:
2812:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2741:9780521707725
2737:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2701:. 1 June 2022
2700:
2699:Imperial News
2696:
2690:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2614:HarperCollins
2611:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2539:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2409:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2393:
2388:Brouillet L.
2384:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2366:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2305:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2243:
2236:
2226:
2223:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:T. officinale
2074:
2065:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2024:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2005:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1890:
1878:
1873:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1836:Greek cuisine
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1780:North America
1777:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1709:, as well as
1708:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1650:carbohydrates
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1611:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1560:swine's snout
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1350:
1345:
1344:T. officinale
1341:
1333:
1324:
1319:
1318:T. laevigatum
1315:
1307:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1086:T. laevigatum
1083:
1082:T. laevigatum
1079:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:T. officinale
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1013:T. kok-saghyz
1010:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1002:
998:
996:
995:
991:
989:
988:
984:
981:
980:
976:
974:
973:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:
950:
949:
947:
939:
937:
935:
931:
927:
922:
920:
916:
911:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
893:taxonomically
891:The genus is
886:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
865:
863:
859:
854:
852:
851:
846:
842:
834:
833:
827:
820:
816:
809:
804:
799:
791:
787:
784:
780:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
721:
716:
709:
705:
704:pollen grains
700:
693:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
670:
666:
662:
661:
657:, similar to
656:
655:
650:
646:
642:
628:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:
551:
546:
544:
540:
539:
538:
532:
528:
527:
518:
479:
475:
471:
470:
465:
464:
459:
455:
451:
447:
444:) is a large
441:
399:
398:
389:
374:
371:
366:
365:Neo-taraxacum
363:
358:
355:
350:
347:
342:
339:
338:
331:
328:
324:
321:
317:
312:
308:
303:
302:
297:
294:
290:
286:
281:
280:
276:
273:
272:
269:
266:
263:
262:
259:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:Cichorioideae
246:
243:
242:
239:
236:
233:
232:
229:
226:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:Tracheophytes
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
155:
150:
146:
141:
137:
132:
128:
123:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
55:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
28:
27:
22:
5062:
5038:. Retrieved
5034:
5021:
4992:
4980:. Retrieved
4970:
4958:. Retrieved
4951:
4942:
4901:
4897:
4887:
4875:. Retrieved
4865:
4853:. Retrieved
4843:
4831:. Retrieved
4827:the original
4817:
4797:
4790:
4778:. Retrieved
4773:
4763:
4747:
4733:
4716:
4706:
4669:
4663:
4659:
4631:
4627:
4617:
4605:. Retrieved
4601:
4592:
4557:
4553:
4543:
4526:
4522:
4516:
4491:
4487:
4480:
4443:
4439:
4429:
4415:cite journal
4380:
4376:
4366:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4228:
4224:
4217:
4172:
4168:
4158:
4131:
4127:
4117:
4075:(18): 2858.
4072:
4068:
4028:
4022:
4010:. Retrieved
3996:
3976:
3969:
3957:. Retrieved
3954:Forager Chef
3953:
3943:
3931:
3911:
3900:
3888:. Retrieved
3874:
3823:
3820:FEBS Letters
3819:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3767:. Retrieved
3757:
3732:
3726:
3722:
3701:. Retrieved
3674:. Retrieved
3664:
3652:. Retrieved
3645:the original
3640:
3627:
3617:
3610:
3601:
3592:
3584:
3564:
3556:
3539:
3519:
3512:
3503:
3492:talkh chakok
3491:
3487:
3483:
3475:
3474:Reported in
3470:
3458:. Retrieved
3454:the original
3450:"Dandelions"
3444:
3425:
3419:
3394:
3382:. Retrieved
3378:the original
3368:
3354:
3345:
3335:
3323:. Retrieved
3319:
3310:
3298:. Retrieved
3294:
3285:
3273:. Retrieved
3263:
3251:. Retrieved
3247:the original
3237:
3186:
3182:
3150:
3144:
3132:. Retrieved
3127:
3118:
3098:
3091:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3008:
3004:
2972:
2966:
2939:
2933:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2847:11568/998044
2821:
2817:
2811:
2770:
2766:
2730:
2703:. Retrieved
2698:
2689:
2678:
2669:
2657:. Retrieved
2649:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2607:
2598:
2586:. Retrieved
2577:
2568:
2560:the original
2551:
2541:
2532:The Guardian
2530:
2521:
2509:. Retrieved
2498:The Guardian
2497:
2487:
2476:
2467:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2397:
2391:
2365:
2354:
2345:
2320:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2259:
2255:
2245:
2225:
2207:rubber trees
2192:
2186:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2145:
2138:
2135:
2124:and release
2108:
2092:
2081:noxious weed
2076:
2070:
2038:
2026:
2008:
2003:
2002:
1985:
1972:
1948:
1932:
1900:
1871:
1772:
1731:
1707:caffeic acid
1690:, including
1685:
1619:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:dent de lion
1542:
1536:
1533:Common names
1526:
1518:
1502:
1500:
1495:dent-de-lion
1472:
1455:of southern
1448:
1438:
1414:
1410:
1369:
1343:
1317:
1292:T. japonicum
1291:
1265:
1239:
1210:
1202:
1195:
1187:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1118:
1111:
1103:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1056:ceratophorum
1055:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1033:
1026:
1018:
1012:
1006:
999:
992:
985:
977:
970:
966:T. japonicum
965:
961:
951:
925:
923:
912:
908:microspecies
901:
897:microspecies
890:
880:
872:
866:
861:
855:
848:
838:
830:
776:
771:
763:
760:microspecies
727:
725:
707:
687:
683:
673:
669:anemochorous
658:
652:
648:
644:
595:flower heads
588:
571:
553:
547:
537:dent-de-lion
534:
477:
467:
461:
457:
396:
395:
394:
372:
364:
356:
348:
340:
319:
299:
293:Type species
278:
277:
211:
198:
185:
172:
52:16.2–0
44:
38:
24:
20:
5255:iNaturalist
5087:Wikispecies
4982:14 December
4960:22 November
4676:: 825–853.
4446:: 1153600.
4344:(1): 1–10.
3360:"Dandelion"
3320:iNaturalist
3189:(1): 1915.
2582:McGraw-Hill
2552:WeedScience
2548:"Dandelion"
2351:"Taraxacum"
2119:pollinating
2049:butterflies
2045:Lepidoptera
1901:The flower
1895:αγριοράδικο
1889:agrioradiko
1867:Κοπροράδικο
1761:Bunches of
1735:, a serine
1733:Taraxalisin
1715:triterpenes
1692:polyphenols
1615:Wehani rice
1417:, 1737, by
1411:Dens Leonis
962:T. coreanum
877:hawksbeards
850:Hypochaeris
783:vortex ring
718:Segment of
694:Description
688:Spectabilia
584:pollination
568:pollinators
550:flower head
529:; from
307:F. H. Wigg.
285:F. H. Wigg.
244:Subfamily:
192:Angiosperms
5427:Categories
4607:16 October
4554:Oncotarget
4038:0713519371
3641:Frapez.com
3488:tarashaqun
3410:floras of
3134:31 October
2628:"blowball"
2604:"blowball"
2588:26 January
2574:"blowball"
2237:References
2181:See also:
1883:πενταράμια
1877:pentaramia
1765:dandelion
1748:Properties
1737:proteinase
1711:terpenoids
1696:flavonoids
1694:, such as
1587:dog pisses
1567:piss-a-bed
1539:corruption
1240:T. albidum
913:About 235
841:Asteraceae
819:Hawksbeard
740:herbaceous
732:tap-rooted
458:dandelions
454:Asteraceae
341:Caramanica
268:Crepidinae
264:Subtribe:
258:Cichorieae
238:Asteraceae
5433:Taraxacum
5208:Taraxacum
5177:FloraBase
5143:Taraxacum
5093:Taraxacum
5063:Taraxacum
5022:Taraxacum
4934:247499662
4725:0097-7136
4719:: 37–39.
4690:0008-4220
4288:2250-1177
4231:: 89–98.
4191:1422-0067
4150:2320-4850
4091:2304-8158
4047:219915765
3850:0014-5793
3723:Taraxacum
3384:29 August
3275:29 August
3253:29 August
3211:2045-2322
3053:Taraxacum
2958:988948576
2864:198429309
2856:2469-990X
2506:0261-3077
2392:Taraxacum
2311:Taraxacum
2004:Taraxacum
1969:Herbalism
1945:Allergies
1923:root beer
1824:Slovenian
1753:Edibility
1703:quercetin
1656:, and 1%
1646:manganese
1638:potassium
1605:Nutrition
1573:pissenlit
1556:wet-a-bed
1552:pee-a-bed
1548:faceclock
1527:tarasacon
1519:Taraxacum
1503:Taraxacum
1481:Etymology
1474:Mayflower
1447:seeds of
1381:Cultivars
926:Taraxacum
919:polyploid
915:apomictic
873:Hieracium
869:hawkweeds
858:coltsfoot
803:Tatarstan
764:Taraxacum
748:triploids
744:temperate
736:perennial
728:Taraxacum
684:Palustria
645:blowballs
576:asexually
572:Taraxacum
526:-də-ly-ən
478:dandelion
397:Taraxacum
373:Wendelboa
320:See text
279:Taraxacum
228:Asterales
162:Kingdom:
45:Taraxacum
21:Taraxacum
5392:VicFlora
5381:VASCAN:
5374:40010269
5369:Tropicos
5273:328762-2
5138:eFloraSA
5072:Wikidata
4926:35296847
4855:16 April
4698:85676502
4584:27564258
4535:18425335
4508:23956107
4472:37608892
4463:10441548
4407:28012278
4358:27568784
4253:25682510
4209:34830309
4109:36140985
3959:16 March
3866:43872064
3798:10521720
3749:16950583
3460:17 April
3408:Pliocene
3400:Pliocene
3300:17 April
3229:30760810
3033:17903814
2925:36445222
2803:52988814
2795:30333579
2728:(2010).
2726:Stace CA
2511:29 April
2459:36662824
2419:PLOS ONE
2296:28182646
2256:PLOS ONE
2126:ethylene
1792:blanched
1769:for sale
1699:apigenin
1676:Calories
1579:diuretic
1515:Ibn Sīnā
1507:medieval
1453:Pliocene
960:between
904:sections
805:, Russia
768:ruderals
756:endemism
752:apomixis
654:cypselae
580:apomixis
357:Lasiopus
327:Synonyms
314:Species
234:Family:
218:Asterids
205:Eudicots
5234:8322495
5040:3 April
4906:Bibcode
4780:7 March
4717:Audubon
4575:5341965
4398:5553762
4323:1838315
4233:Bibcode
4200:8620047
4100:9498421
4012:7 March
3858:9824298
3828:Bibcode
3769:27 June
3703:7 March
3404:Belarus
3325:2 March
3220:6374447
3191:Bibcode
3083:2430530
3013:Bibcode
2916:9797189
2826:Bibcode
2775:Bibcode
2675:"clock"
2654:Pearson
2450:9858760
2427:Bibcode
2337:1222201
2287:5300115
2264:Bibcode
2122:insects
2115:taproot
2009:Linaria
1861:Μαριάκι
1832:Chinese
1800:spinach
1796:sauteed
1788:taproot
1776:Eurasia
1763:organic
1669:⁄
1654:protein
1634:calcium
1595:maskros
1591:Swedish
1583:pisacan
1511:Al-Razi
1457:Belarus
1441:Eurasia
1401:History
1174:vulgare
1172:subsp.
1084:(i.e.,
1054:subsp.
660:achenes
641:florets
634:⁄
620:⁄
606:⁄
591:rosette
570:. Many
349:Eriopus
274:Genus:
254:Tribe:
224:Order:
166:Plantae
5343:PLANTS
5335:524978
5319:NZOR:
5221:132314
5195:132314
5104:195326
5101:APDB:
5078:Q30024
4932:
4924:
4898:Nature
4877:3 July
4833:3 July
4805:
4768:Anon.
4723:
4696:
4688:
4582:
4572:
4533:
4506:
4470:
4460:
4405:
4395:
4356:
4321:
4286:
4251:
4207:
4197:
4189:
4148:
4107:
4097:
4089:
4045:
4035:
3984:
3919:
3890:24 May
3864:
3856:
3848:
3796:
3747:
3676:3 July
3654:30 May
3632:Anon.
3577:
3527:
3482:). In
3432:
3412:Europe
3227:
3217:
3209:
3157:
3106:
3081:
3031:
2979:
2956:
2946:
2923:
2913:
2862:
2854:
2801:
2793:
2767:Nature
2738:
2705:13 May
2659:2 June
2504:
2457:
2447:
2335:
2294:
2284:
2113:; its
2041:larvae
2035:Leaves
2023:Nectar
2017:Nectar
1935:powder
1907:citrus
1903:petals
1844:) and
1767:greens
1727:lutein
1723:inulin
1717:, and
1644:, and
1628:, and
1599:thrips
1491:French
1445:Fossil
1388:blanch
1168:(syn.
958:hybrid
881:Crepis
875:) and
779:pappus
720:pappus
680:sepals
676:bracts
665:pappus
649:clocks
564:nectar
555:floret
531:French
474:edible
5443:Herbs
5348:TARAX
5312:49743
5286:36199
5260:47603
5247:11886
5203:FoAO2
5182:22292
5169:1TARG
5156:49106
5117:80458
4930:S2CID
4694:S2CID
4672:(4).
4069:Foods
3862:S2CID
3648:(PDF)
3637:(PDF)
3548:(PDF)
3079:JSTOR
3029:S2CID
2883:eLife
2860:S2CID
2799:S2CID
2763:(PDF)
2333:JSTOR
2316:Taxon
2217:Notes
2205:from
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