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232:, with participants in the determination group spending significantly more time on the most difficult problem in the task. In contrast, pride decreased task engagement and perseverance relative to a neutral condition, with participants in the pride group spending significantly less time on the most difficult problem in the task. This research further supports the notion that determination motivates perseverance, perhaps more so than other positive emotions that have been theorized to be associated with perseverance.
128:(SDT) is a theory of motivation and dedication towards an ambition. It focuses on the interplay between personalities and experiences in social contexts that results in motivations of both autonomous and controlled types. An example of autonomous motivation would be doing something because of intrinsic motivation, or because there is an internal desire to accomplish something. An example of controlled motivation would be doing something because there is outside pressure to accomplish a goal.
253:
is often what drives a person to start something, but extrinsic motivation is often what helps people to accomplish their goals. Extrinsic motivation is the external drive that motivates action. It can include things like going to work daily to pay one's bills, or obeying the law to stay out of trouble. This type of motivation is not driven by one's own desires but instead by outside sources.
294:. A person experiences positive personal growth when that person can to proactively cope with a difficult situation. In such a case, a person can acknowledge a demanding situation, take action, and maintain high coping potential. They can acknowledge the benefits of a difficult experience and display a willingness to put forth an effort and achieve specific personal goals.
302:
In interpersonal interactions, adopting challenge appraisals is crucial for effectively managing conflicts. For example, young children facing bullying often seek support and report the incidents. When a bullied child employs a challenge appraisal, they view bullying as a chance to rely on others and
280:
William
Zinsser studied the pressures faced by college students at Yale, such as the need to develop time management and study skills appropriate for college and university work, the desire for good grades, the desire to meet parents' expectations, and the need to find employment in a competitive job
227:
to see how these two positive emotions differentially influenced perseverance in the context of a mathematical problem-solving task. Using a directed imagery task in which participants listened to and imagined a particular scenario, each emotion was differentially induced in participants. The results
201:
These appraisal components combine to evoke experiences of determination that then motivate one to persevere and strive towards mastery. Appraisal theory proposes that determination is associated with effortful optimism, referring to the belief that a situation can be improved upon with enough effort
145:
Emotions researchers search for physiological patterns associated with particular positive emotions. However, the blending of emotions makes drawing such distinctions difficult. In relation to challenge and determination, psychologists focus on physiological activation in relation to the individual's
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Research shows that students enrolled in learning environments in which teachers incorporate strategies meant to meet students' motivational needs (e.g., encouragement aimed at intrinsic rewards, using student-directed forms of discipline) are more likely to become responsible learners who display a
252:
Internal motivation is an internal drive, curiosity, or desire to learn that is within human beings. It drives people to learn new things or to put things into action. Intrinsic motivation is often evident when people desire to try new things or find ways to overcome challenges. Intrinsic motivation
74:
Empirical research suggests that people consider determination to be an emotion; in other words, determination is not just a cognitive state, but an affective state. In the psychology literature, researchers study determination under other terms, including challenge and anticipatory enthusiasm; this
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to the anterior midcingulate cortex elicits a response that mirrors the emotional experience of determination. In this study of two epileptic seizure patients, they reported feeling determined to overcome an approaching challenge; this emotion was reported to feel pleasant. Following electrical
272:
Determination is believed to be shaped by the emotion of challenge and societal expectations. Environments like education, work, and family that promote encouragement play a role in fostering determination. When individuals have access to resources and supportive peers who believe in their
136:
goals, performance, and well-being. High levels of determination and volition are supported by conditions that foster autonomy (e.g., a person has multiple options), competence (e.g., positive feedback) and relatedness (e.g., stable connection to the group a person is working within).
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Appraisal theory posits that determination is evoked by three cognitive motivation-appraisal components—evaluations of how the environment and situational circumstances interact with aspects of the individual to create meaning and influence emotional experience:
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There seems to be a specific physiological pattern associated with determination. The identification of this pattern is valuable as it can be used in research aimed at eliciting and studying the antecedents and consequences of this common positive emotion.
131:
Social environments seem to have a profound effect on both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and self-regulation. Self-determination theory proposes that social and cultural factors influence a person's sense of volition and initiative in regards to
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stimulation, participants exhibited elevated cardiovascular activity and reported a warm feeling in their upper chest and neck. This work supports the idea that determination is a positive emotion that prepares an individual to overcome obstacles.
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increased confidence and decreased evaluation apprehension. Therefore, determined individuals who use challenge appraisals feel capable of handling tough situations while being open to seeking assistance when necessary.
244:. This eyebrow frown is associated with the perception of goal obstacles, supporting the notion that determination is associated with the action tendency of preparing to overcome difficult obstacles in goal pursuit.
289:
Studies have linked challenge and determination to increases in physical health and mental well-being. Some specific positive outcomes include illness resistance, increased survival rates, and decreased levels of
157:(SBP) as a proxy for increased effort. People who are introduced to a challenging task experience an increase in SBP when they become determined to complete that task. This is coupled with lowered total
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Researchers associate effort (action tendency) with challenge and determination. So a challenged/determined individual should experience physiological arousal that reflects effort. By focusing on the
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Harmon-Jones, C.; Schmeichel, B.J.; Mennitt, E.; Harmon-Jones, E. (2011). "The expression of determination: Similarities between anger and approach-related positive affect".
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find positive solutions. This approach maintains their autonomy, as they act independently to involve others. Challenge and determination facilitate goal achievement and
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Experiences of determination are linked to a recognizable facial expression that involves frowning of the eyebrows, an expression that is perceptually similar to
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is relaxed). This demonstrates an important difference between the physiological reaction of a person motivated by challenge and one motivated by threat or fear.
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Katzir, M.; Eyal, T.; Meiran, N.; Kessler, Y. (2010). "Imagined positive emotions and inhibitory control: The differentiated effect of pride versus happiness".
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Kirby, L.D.; Morrow, J.; Yih, J. (2014). "The challenge of challenge: Pursuing determination as an emotion". In Tugade, M.M.; Shiota, M.N.; Kirby, L.D. (eds.).
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Griskevicius, V.; Shiota, M.N.; Neufeld, S.L. (2010). "Influence of different positive emotions on persuasion processing: A functional evolutionary approach".
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Smith, C.A.; Scott, H.S. (1997). "A componential approach to the meaning of facial expressions". In
Russell, J.A.; Fernandez-Dols, J.M. (eds.).
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delves into determination as a positive emotion driving people toward action, leading to significant results like persistence and success.
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Frijda, N.H.; Tcherkassof, A. (1997). "Facial expressions as modes of action readiness". In
Russell, J.A.; Fernandez-Dols, J.M. (eds.).
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in spite of obstacles. Determination occurs prior to goal attainment and serves to motivate behavior that will help achieve one's goal.
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capabilities, they tend to experience heightened determination, leading to improved performance and well-being.
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may explain one reason for the relative lack of research on determination compared to other positive emotions.
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Clore, G.L.; Ortony, A.; Foss, M.A. (1987). "The psychological foundations of the affective lexicon".
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intended actions (what he/she is determined to do) rather than how the individual subjectively feels.
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Williams, L.A.; DeSteno, D. (2008). "Pride and perseverance: The motivational role of pride".
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Smith, C.A. (1991). "The self, appraisal, and coping". In Snyder, C.R.; Forsyth, D.R. (eds.).
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Smith, C.A.; Lazarus, R.S. (1990). "Emotion and adaptation". In Pervin, L.A. (ed.).
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Parvizi, J.; Rangarajan, V.; Shirer, W.R.; Desai, N.; Greicius, M.D. (2013).
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337: – Autonomy and self-determination in people and communities
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has stated that "thanks to its... determination, Poland exists".
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1009:. United States of America: Bedford/ St. Martins. p. 450.
106:, meaning "confine; designate," with the abstract noun suffix -
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441:"President: Thanks to Warsaw Uprising fighters Poland exists"
364: – Measure of perseverance through difficult challenges
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suggested that determination enhanced task engagement and
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Kirszner, Laurie G.; Mandell, Stephen R. (January 2012).
326: – Friction, disagreement, or discord within a group
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Di
Domenico, Stefano I.; Ryan, Richard M. (2017-03-24).
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In the field of psychology, emotion research focuses on
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College of
Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences
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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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387: – Approach of psychological scientific study
370: – Inner state causing goal-directed behavior
872:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
863:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
381: – Ability to endure difficult circumstances
94:The word determination comes from the Latin word
623:Gagné, Marylène; Deci, Edward L. (June 2005).
393: – Ability to mentally cope with a crisis
67:that promotes persevering towards a difficult
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813:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
775:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
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262:Classroom, workplace, and family environment
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951:Contemporary Educational Psychology
870:The Psychology of Facial Expression
861:The Psychology of Facial Expression
629:Journal of Organizational Behavior
576:"What good are positive emotions?"
248:Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
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215:Research showed that electrical
892:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
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32:Determination (disambiguation)
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681:. New York: Guilford Press.
501:. New York: Pergamon press.
298:Interpersonal relationships
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151:sympathetic nervous system
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27:Positive emotional feeling
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281:market after graduation.
188:motivational incongruence
126:Self-determination theory
121:Self-determination theory
905:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00145
391:Psychological resilience
347:Grit (personality trait)
423: – Zest for living
403:Social dominance theory
399: – Finnish concept
155:systolic blood pressure
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141:Bio-psychosocial model
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374:Need for achievement
268:Classroom management
236:Emotional expression
211:Emotional experience
45:fighting during the
30:For other uses, see
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1208:Theological virtues
1111:Positive psychology
1026:"College Pressures"
385:Positive psychology
84:positive psychology
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1176:Nine Noble Virtues
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2074:
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2065:
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2042:
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2033:
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2024:
2022:
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2017:
2015:
2014:
2010:
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2007:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1989:
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1982:
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1965:
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1686:
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1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1660:Sportsmanship
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1625:Righteousness
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
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1561:
1559:
1556:
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1549:
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1538:Nonattachment
1536:
1534:
1531:
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1526:
1524:
1521:
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1230:
1224:
1221:
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1216:
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1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1198:Seven virtues
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
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1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1145:Brahmavihārās
1142:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1121:Virtue ethics
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:About virtues
1085:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1002:
998:
995:
990:
986:
982:
978:
973:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
941:
938:
933:
929:
924:
919:
915:
911:
906:
901:
897:
893:
889:
882:
879:
871:
866:
862:
857:
856:
852:
849:
844:
840:
835:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
807:
804:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
742:
741:
737:
734:
729:
725:
720:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
688:
685:
680:
673:
670:
665:
658:
655:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
619:
616:
611:
607:
602:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
570:
567:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
535:
532:
527:
523:
519:
515:
508:
505:
500:
493:
491:
489:
487:
485:
481:
476:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
451:
446:
442:
436:
433:
427:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
318:Assertiveness
316:
315:
311:
309:
297:
295:
293:
284:
282:
278:
274:
269:
261:
256:
254:
247:
245:
243:
235:
233:
231:
226:
221:
218:
210:
205:
203:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
179:
172:
170:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
147:
140:
138:
133:
129:
127:
120:
115:
113:
110:
104:
98:
89:
87:
85:
81:
76:
72:
70:
66:
62:
61:Determination
55:
52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
2123:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2075:
2059:
2052:
2018:
2011:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1894:
1887:
1882:Brahmacharya
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1820:
1813:
1788:
1781:
1765:
1747:
1731:
1724:
1680:Tranquillity
1630:Self-control
1600:Renunciation
1558:Philanthropy
1553:Perspicacity
1513:Magnificence
1466:Intelligence
1446:Impartiality
1366:Faithfulness
1254:Authenticity
1180:
1166:Five virtues
1143:
1136:
1116:Trait theory
1103:
1033:. Retrieved
1029:
1006:
997:
957:(1): 54–67.
954:
950:
940:
895:
891:
881:
869:
860:
851:
816:
812:
806:
778:
774:
749:
745:
736:
701:
697:
687:
678:
672:
663:
657:
632:
628:
618:
583:
579:
569:
544:
540:
534:
517:
513:
507:
498:
474:
445:president.pl
444:
435:
301:
288:
279:
275:
271:
257:Applications
251:
239:
230:perseverance
222:
214:
200:
176:
167:
148:
144:
134:
130:
124:
97:dēterminatiō
93:
77:
73:
60:
59:
54:Andrzej Duda
2165:Personality
1700:Workmanship
1590:Punctuality
1508:Magnanimity
1431:Hospitality
1381:Forgiveness
1326:Discernment
1284:Cleanliness
335:Empowerment
163:vasculature
103:dētermināre
2160:Leadership
2154:Categories
2013:Auctoritas
1861:Aparigraha
1840:Adhiṭṭhāna
1822:Sophrosyne
1790:Eutrapelia
1675:Temperance
1655:Solidarity
1645:Simplicity
1605:Resilience
1580:Politeness
1548:Patriotism
1528:Moderation
1401:Good faith
1391:Generosity
1351:Equanimity
1331:Discipline
1289:Compassion
428:References
368:Motivation
292:depression
2061:Humanitas
1807:Phronesis
1798:Philotimo
1650:Sincerity
1615:Reverence
1483:Judgement
1471:Emotional
1461:Integrity
1451:Innocence
1406:Gratitude
1386:Frugality
1376:Foresight
1356:Etiquette
1346:Endurance
1321:Diligence
1244:Alertness
1193:Scout Law
1094:Endowment
914:1662-5161
341:Endurance
90:Etymology
2054:Gravitas
2037:Dignitas
1783:Ataraxia
1665:Sympathy
1595:Religion
1585:Prudence
1543:Patience
1518:Meekness
1493:Kindness
1441:Humility
1436:Humanity
1371:Fidelity
1316:Courtesy
1279:Chivalry
1274:Chastity
1264:Charisma
1259:Calmness
1249:Altruism
1035:25 April
981:10620381
932:28392765
843:20853981
795:18505314
766:20804298
728:24316296
649:15816760
610:21850154
561:20364895
379:Patience
312:See also
2109:Sadaqah
2095:Ganbaru
2028:Decorum
2020:Caritas
1975:Śraddhā
1961:Shaucha
1926:Kshanti
1854:Akrodha
1709:Chinese
1610:Respect
1533:Modesty
1503:Loyalty
1488:Justice
1456:Insight
1416:Honesty
1411:Heroism
1341:Empathy
1299:Courage
1269:Charity
1182:Pāramīs
1080:Virtues
989:1098145
923:5364176
898:: 145.
719:3877748
601:3156001
541:Emotion
2175:Virtue
2077:Virtus
2069:Pietas
1988:Upekṣā
1981:Saddhā
1947:Prajñā
1940:Muditā
1919:Kshama
1912:Karuṇā
1875:Asteya
1868:Ārjava
1847:Ahimsa
1832:Indian
1815:Sophia
1690:Wisdom
1568:Filial
1476:Social
1421:Honour
1013:
987:
979:
930:
920:
912:
841:
793:
764:
726:
716:
698:Neuron
647:
608:
598:
559:
2133:Virtù
2087:Other
2046:Fides
2005:Latin
1995:Vīrya
1954:Satya
1933:Mettā
1896:Dhṛti
1775:Arete
1767:Agape
1759:Greek
1685:Trust
1670:Taste
1563:Piety
1523:Mercy
1396:Glory
1361:Faith
1309:Moral
1304:Civil
1223:Yamas
985:S2CID
645:S2CID
242:anger
225:pride
2125:Sisu
2117:Seny
2102:Giri
1968:Sevā
1889:Dāna
1726:Jing
1575:Pity
1498:Love
1426:Hope
1336:Duty
1037:2016
1011:ISBN
977:PMID
928:PMID
910:ISSN
839:PMID
791:PMID
762:PMID
724:PMID
606:PMID
557:PMID
397:Sisu
69:goal
1904:Hrī
1741:Ren
1695:Wit
967:hdl
959:doi
918:PMC
900:doi
829:hdl
821:doi
817:100
783:doi
754:doi
714:PMC
706:doi
637:doi
596:PMC
588:doi
549:doi
522:doi
109:tiō
2156::
1749:Yi
1733:Li
1718:De
1028:.
983:.
975:.
965:.
955:25
953:.
949:.
926:.
916:.
908:.
896:11
894:.
890:.
837:.
827:.
815:.
789:.
779:94
777:.
760:.
750:36
748:.
722:.
712:.
702:80
700:.
696:.
643:.
633:26
631:.
627:.
604:.
594:.
582:.
578:.
555:.
545:10
543:.
518:53
516:.
483:^
453:^
443:.
49:,
1978:/
1072:e
1065:t
1058:v
1039:.
1019:.
991:.
969::
961::
934:.
902::
845:.
831::
823::
797:.
785::
768:.
756::
730:.
708::
651:.
639::
612:.
590::
584:2
563:.
551::
528:.
524::
34:.
20:)
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