875:β-isobutyrylaminocrotonic acid amine was cyclized with NaOR (R is either a hydrogen or aliphatic chain of 1 to 8 carbons) in a mixture of 0 to 100% by weight of water and an alcohol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, above 90°C (but below the boiling point of the mixture used). Sodium pyrimidinolate was precipitated out in an inert solvent, such as benzene, with simultaneous removal of the water formed. The potassium salt is then reacted with diethylthiophosphoryl chloride by heating for several hours. When the reaction finished, the potassium chloride formed was washed with water and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure leaving diazinon.
939:
402:
307:
964:
and considered legal in 14 states including
California. Yet with the ban starting in 2004, having had 20 years pass, states which have accepted that ban have had hardware stores and other suppliers report that they have "ran out" of products with diazinon. These states which continue to use Diazinon is their products consider their risks low, yet its greatest affect is through inhalation and skin contact. Certain environmental groups continue to protest these states which still continue its use.
135:
126:
801:
muscles/paralysis. Headaches can also be health risks. Some other physiological effects include pinpoint pupils, increased heart rate, seizures, or even coma. Larger exposure to diazinon is known to yield these risks. If it is a smaller exposure, the symptoms may be reduced such as just a runny nose or some eye watering. One thing to note is that while
Diazinon has many different health risks, the EPA has not categorized it as a carcinogen.
22:
685:
963:
During the
Clinton Era, President Clinton signed a tougher pesticide law in 1996. Diazinon was banned from use as an agricultural insecticide. At the time 80% of United States could find Diazinon in their residential products. In fact it still may be in use in certain households, as it is still used
934:
in the microsomal and other subcellular functions within the liver (Reaction 3). Mammals metabolize diazoxon with a half-life of 2 to 6 weeks. Insects lack this hydrolysis step, which allows the toxic substance to accumulate rapidly; the detoxification of diazoxon is processed through the microsomal
862:
After this processing improvement, diazinon became an all-purpose, indoor-and-outdoor, commercial pest control product. In 2004, the US outlawed residential use of diazinon when the EPA determined that its ability to damage the nervous system posed a risk to human health (especially the health of
1088:, the WHO/FAO joint committee on pesticide residues gives the admissible daily intake (ADI) to be 0.005 mg/kg of body weight, while the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicine authority gives the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) to be 0.02 mg/kg of body weight for adults.
1229:
Patients that continue to improve over the first 4 to 6 hours (after medical treatment) usually recover unscathed. Prolonged treatment often is needed to reverse the poisoning, including intensive care hospitalization and long-term therapy. Some toxicity may persist for weeks or months, or even
1288:
Because diazinon is fat soluble, there is potential for delayed toxicity if significant amounts of diazinon are stored in fatty tissues. Intermediate syndrome generally occurs within 24–96 hours after exposure. Intermediate syndrome in humans is characterized by difficulty breathing and
800:
Routes of contact for
Diazinon include breathing it, consuming it, or contact with skin. The negative health effects when in contact with Diazinon includes eye watering, drool or runny nose, not having any appetite, throwing up, intense coughing, abdominal pain, or even stiffness in various
1200:
Typically treatments will vary depending on exposure and method of administration of the toxin. Critical biomarkers such as urine samples, blood content and heart rates are measured while detoxifying the patient. Common treatments for patients with diazinon poisoning include:
955:(OPE) from water by adsorption techniques is regarded as one of the competitive methods because of its simple operation and low cost. Development of new adsorbents with high adsorption capacities is very important for removal of the OPE pollutants in the environment.
1469:
Geller, Robert J.; Lopez, Gaylord P.; Cutler, Stephen; Lin, Diana; Bachman, George F.; Gorman, Susan E. (2003). "Atropine availability as an antidote for nerve agent casualties: Validated rapid reformulation of high-concentration atropine from bulk powder".
3123:
935:
mixed function oxidase system. Although not fully understood, it is believed that this is the cause for the selectivity of diazinon against insects. After the hydrolysis or oxidation diazinon is broken down further (Reaction 4).
839:
However, as the decades following the award passed, DDT was found to be such an environmental danger that developed countries and eventually world-level organizations banned the insecticide for all purposes except for combating
1292:
Studies have suggested that exposure to some organophosphate pesticides can result in long-term neurological problems including organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (weakness or paralysis as well as
1272:
Symptoms of acute diazinon exposure develop in minutes to hours following exposure, depending on the exposure pathway. The initial symptoms of humans are nausea, dizziness, salivation, headache, sweating,
3116:
951:
To date, several methods such as electrochemistry, adsorption, enzymatic biodegradation, and photocatalysis have been tested for the elimination of diazinon from aqueous solutions. The removal of
782:
in residential, non-food buildings. Diazinon was heavily used during the 1970s and early 1980s for general-purpose gardening use and indoor pest control. A bait form was used to control scavenger
3557:
3603:
3109:
1701:
Amani, M. A; Latifi, A. M; Tahvildari, K; Karimian, R (2017). "Removal of diazinon pesticide from aqueous solutions using MCM-41 type materials: Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics".
1320:. Molars from the two oldest subjects contained the largest concentrations of IMPy. And this concentration in molars may be a biomarker of perinatal exposure and during molar formation.
1242:
within the nervous system of the insect. As mentioned above, diazinon inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) in
4791:
1366:
625:
590:
698:
4796:
1650:
Kretschmann, Andreas; et al. (2011). "Mechanistic
Toxicodynamic Model for Receptor-Mediated Toxicity of Diazoxon, the Active Metabolite of Diazinon, in Daphnia magna".
926:. Diazinon can also be decomposed via oxidation in the liver (Reaction 2). Both reactions are possible, and likely are catalyzed nonspecifically by the same mixed function
790:. Residential uses of diazinon were outlawed in the U.S. in 2004 because of human health risks but it is still approved for agricultural uses. An emergency antidote is
911:
compound that is much more poisonous than diazinon; it mainly causes the inhibition of AChE. The conversion of diazinon to diazoxon (Reaction 1) is performed by the
786:
in the western U.S. Diazinon is used in flea collars for domestic pets in
Australia and New Zealand. Diazinon is a major component in the "Golden Fleece" brand
1799:"Acetaminophen, pesticide, and diethylhexyl phthalate metabolites, anandamide, and fatty acids in deciduous molars: potential biomarkers of perinatal exposure"
441:
1297:
in the extremities); however, reports of these symptoms following diazinon exposures are rare. Human who have been poisoned show increased levels of serum
980:. The common method of administering diazinon is absorption although inhalation is possible as well. The observed toxification symptoms conform to other
1762:
1380:
Sharom, M.S.; Miles, J.R.W.; Harris, C.R.; McEwen, F.L. (1980). "Behaviour of 12 insecticides in soil and aqueous suspensions of soil and sediment".
4817:
1797:
Camann, David E.; Schultz, Stephen T.; Yau, Alice Y.; Heilbrun, Lynne P.; Zuniga, Michelle M.; Palmer, Raymond F.; Miller, Claudia S. (March 2013).
1289:
muscular weakness, often in the face, neck and proximal limb muscles. Cranial nerve palsies and depressed tendon reflexes have also been reported.
3748:
3218:
1911:
4822:
1853:
1424:
224:
4832:
4670:
4583:
4639:
3443:
1281:. The symptoms can progress to vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, muscle twitching, weakness, tremor, a lack of coordination and
740:
416:
105:
3228:
3723:
2257:
1285:. Furthermore, some studies have even reported some psychiatric side effects including memory loss, confusion, and depression.
981:
3262:
2252:
885:
43:
3188:
3938:
3238:
1878:
705:
4837:
4786:
4525:
3139:
359:
3223:
86:
3733:
2405:
380:
58:
3233:
847:
Diazinon became available for mass use in 1955, while DDT production tapered. Before 1970, diazinon had issues with
4418:
4396:
2899:
2212:
1904:
649:
636:
32:
3198:
3183:
3167:
3084:
2332:
2227:
2043:
1975:
39:
3203:
65:
4613:
4266:
4163:
3888:
856:
3193:
3077:
3035:
2088:
833:
302:
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1773:
1737:
1444:
1250:
1023:
938:
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72:
264:
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4531:
4452:
3070:
1897:
571:
134:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4661:
4657:
832:-bearing insects. This capability made use of DDT important enough that Müller even received the 1948
4827:
4381:
3728:
3248:
3208:
2217:
1659:
1389:
852:
147:
54:
3101:
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2232:
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2033:
397:
190:
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125:
4259:
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3435:
3301:
3142:
3042:
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2924:
2725:
2455:
2247:
2242:
2063:
2025:
1718:
1683:
3416:
3316:
2860:
2078:
1990:
4427:
4108:
4093:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
3592:
3532:
3522:
3386:
3286:
2905:
1600:
1576:
1253:. This results in abnormal accumulation of ACh within the nervous system. Diazinon, although a
4715:
4711:
4653:
4630:
4619:
4173:
4158:
4033:
3983:
3933:
3813:
3613:
2799:
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2580:
2545:
2505:
2053:
1828:
1820:
1675:
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1550:
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1420:
1239:
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3406:
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4422:
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4213:
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4113:
3998:
3878:
3868:
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3156:
2784:
2515:
2385:
1810:
1710:
1667:
1624:
1542:
1479:
1397:
1085:
560:
464:
3873:
1858:
871:
According to the German Patent bureau, the industrial synthesis of diazinon is as follows:
425:
InChI=1S/C12H21N2O3PS/c1-6-15-18(19,16-7-2)17-11-8-10(5)13-12(14-11)9(3)4/h8-9H,6-7H2,1-5H3
368:
4680:
4649:
4563:
4558:
4366:
3653:
3643:
3623:
3063:
2982:
2365:
2350:
1254:
952:
908:
760:
601:
284:
747:), a colorless to dark brown liquid, is a thiophosphoric acid ester developed in 1952 by
200:
1663:
1393:
1257:, shares a common mechanism of toxicity with other organophosphate insecticides such as
401:
306:
244:
4281:
3973:
3893:
3648:
3618:
3458:
2880:
2360:
2199:
901:
841:
676:
1883:
1269:, and is not very effective against the organophosphate-resistant insect populations.
828:
from the then-independent Geigy company had discovered that DDT was effective against
79:
4811:
4351:
4183:
3958:
3923:
3798:
3453:
3132:
2964:
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1401:
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549:
295:
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2721:
2693:
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2643:
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2475:
2445:
2370:
2345:
2307:
2189:
2179:
2164:
2159:
2149:
2126:
2106:
1955:
1920:
1306:
1258:
596:
348:
4735:
4573:
4493:
4437:
4331:
4276:
4178:
3943:
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2400:
2184:
2154:
2144:
2096:
2073:
1980:
1970:
1924:
1868:
1294:
1274:
1243:
1017:
977:
818:
763:
615:
21:
1849:
1505:
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4227:
4038:
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3753:
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3713:
3683:
3547:
3537:
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3477:
3448:
3425:
3391:
3356:
3341:
3306:
3281:
3135:
2974:
2954:
2885:
2875:
2865:
2855:
2835:
2815:
2746:
2736:
2703:
2698:
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2613:
2600:
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2520:
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2440:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2395:
2317:
2292:
2282:
2174:
2169:
2121:
2111:
2038:
1985:
1965:
1950:
1873:
1714:
1362:
1278:
1028:
810:
771:
748:
504:
275:
1889:
1863:
1824:
1554:
4599:
4483:
4432:
4341:
4336:
4326:
4168:
4103:
4098:
4088:
4043:
4013:
4008:
3993:
3978:
3948:
3913:
3903:
3808:
3688:
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3638:
3633:
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3527:
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3421:
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2731:
2713:
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2510:
2500:
2480:
2465:
2380:
2355:
2322:
2222:
2116:
2010:
2000:
1945:
1932:
1530:
1316:
show 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (IMPy, a metabolite of diazinon) in
1266:
1262:
1007:
931:
915:
907:
When diazinon enters the body, it is oxidatively decomposed to diazoxon, an
900:
group. The inhibition of AChE causes an abnormal accumulation of ACh in the
863:
children). The chemical is still used for industrial agricultural purposes.
787:
767:
1832:
1679:
1562:
1491:
1546:
4766:
4468:
4401:
4356:
4286:
4254:
4153:
4133:
4123:
3988:
3908:
3838:
3823:
3703:
3608:
3542:
3487:
3411:
3361:
3291:
3271:
3090:
2992:
2987:
2959:
2934:
2890:
2870:
2575:
2560:
2450:
2435:
2340:
2277:
2058:
2015:
1995:
1960:
1940:
1483:
1302:
1238:
Diazinon is a contact insecticide which kills insects by altering normal
1215:
997:
993:
973:
848:
814:
791:
756:
752:
1815:
1798:
4503:
4411:
4376:
4148:
4048:
4018:
4003:
3953:
3848:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3738:
3693:
3587:
3582:
3502:
3497:
3371:
2928:
2820:
2771:
2565:
2555:
2535:
2525:
2485:
2410:
2302:
2272:
1417:
Exploring QSAR: Volume 2: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric
Constants
1298:
1246:
1002:
927:
897:
893:
829:
539:
335:
1761:
Office of
Chemical Safety Department of Health and Ageing Canberra.
1671:
1339:
The Merck Index - An
Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals
4028:
3818:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3376:
3150:
2540:
2430:
2297:
2287:
2207:
2005:
1864:
Diazinon
Pesticide Information Profile - Extension Toxicology Network
1859:
Diazinon Technical Fact Sheet - National Pesticide Information Center
1282:
1012:
255:
1305:
levels accompanied by symptoms considered to be indicative of acute
1096:
Intoxication of diazinon produces the following signs and symptoms:
675:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
942:
The mechanism, described above of the biotransformation of Diazinon
323:
4406:
4128:
4118:
3968:
3863:
3213:
2495:
2312:
1529:
Dahlgren, J. G.; Takhar, H. S.; Ruffalo, C. A.; Zwass, M. (2004).
1313:
1219:
1033:
988:
937:
923:
912:
721:
531:
235:
223:
213:
2997:
2267:
783:
779:
662:
525:
314:
3105:
1893:
2262:
821:
775:
15:
1703:
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
3558:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
385:
4671:
4584:
3604:
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
4640:
1803:
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology
1763:"AUSTRALIAN PESTICIDES AND VETERINARY MEDICINES AUTHORITY"
1419:. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. p. 106.
1874:
CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Diazinon
859:
were used to reduce the residual, unwanted materials.
693:
844:
insects, leading Ciba-Geigy to research alternatives.
1367:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1415:
Hansch, Corwin; Leo, Albert; Hoekman, David (1995).
809:
Diazinon was developed in 1952 by the Swiss company
4725:
4629:
4612:
4582:
4541:
4524:
4451:
3247:
3166:
3149:
3006:
2973:
2808:
2770:
2599:
2331:
2198:
2135:
2087:
2024:
1931:
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1312:A study found that 10% of 21 typically developing
3168:
1738:"EPA Takes Pest Killer Diazinon Off the Shelves"
1445:"EPA Takes Pest Killer Diazinon Off the Shelves"
972:Diazinon is considered to be of relatively high
347:
888:. This enzyme breaks down the neurotransmitter
199:
4513:Many of the other AChE inhibitors listed above
1214:Medicinal Treatments; including the antidotes
4453:
3117:
1905:
1341:. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck. p. 508.
8:
4792:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
3249:
1601:"Diazinon | Public Health Statement | ATSDR"
1577:"Diazinon | Public Health Statement | ATSDR"
4797:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
4676:Tooltip Vesicle-associated membrane protein
4589:Tooltip Vesicular acetylcholine transporter
4543:
600:
4645:Tooltip Synaptosomal-associated protein 25
4626:
4538:
3163:
3124:
3110:
3102:
1912:
1898:
1890:
1535:Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology
400:
305:
283:
117:
1814:
1211:Irrigation (washing of the skin and eyes)
367:
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1531:"Health effects of diazinon on a family"
1361:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
1301:and glucose as well as elevated urinary
1038:
3749:Dimethyl 4-(methylthio)phenyl phosphate
1329:
446:
421:
396:
1652:Environmental Science & Technology
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
296:
3939:Methylfluorophosphonylcholine (MFPCh)
3189:2-(α-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium
1854:National Pesticide Information Center
1629:National Pesticide Information Center
930:. Diazoxon is further broken down by
886:acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor
428:Key: FHIVAFMUCKRCQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
263:
243:
7:
1438:
1436:
620:82 °C; 180 °F; 355 K
44:adding citations to reliable sources
4736:
3239:N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate
817:) to replace the formerly dominant
338:
322:
1103:Small pupils (unreactive to light)
880:Metabolism and mechanism of action
751:, a Swiss chemical company (later
494:
14:
3173:Tooltip Choline acetyltransferase
1058:214 mg•kg−1 (human, oral, TD
4233:Fasciculins (green mamba toxins)
3724:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
1084:On the other hand, in regard to
1072:17 mg•kg−1 (mouse, oral, LD
855:; but by the 1970s, alternative
683:
482:
476:
449:S=P(OCC)(OCC)Oc1nc(nc(c1)C)C(C)C
133:
124:
20:
4818:Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
4164:Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP)
3889:Hexaethyl tetraphosphate (HETP)
1625:"Diazinon Technical Fact Sheet"
982:acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
968:Toxicity and effects on animals
679:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
520:Colorless to dark brown liquid
31:needs additional citations for
3234:N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate
1065:66 mg•kg−1 (rat, oral, LD
497:
488:
470:
1:
4787:Receptor/signaling modulators
4559:Hemicholinium-3 (hemicholine)
4458:Tooltip Butyrylcholinesterase
1506:"Diazinon General Fact Sheet"
1100:Eyes, ears, nose, and throat
630:(US health exposure limits):
4823:Organophosphate insecticides
3254:Tooltip Acetylcholinesterase
1850:Diazinon general information
1472:Annals of Emergency Medicine
1402:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90158-X
918:enzyme system and requires O
4548:Tooltip Choline transporter
4494:Profenamine (ethopropazine)
3734:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
3199:4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine
3184:1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium
2406:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
984:. Symptoms are as follows:
172:Diethoxy--thioxophosphorane
4859:
4833:Organothiophosphate esters
4397:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
3204:Acetylseco hemicholinium-3
1736:Cone, Marla (2005-01-01).
1443:Cone, Marla (1 Jan 2005).
1337:Budavari, S., ed. (1996).
1114:Low or high blood pressure
544:1.116-1.118 g/cm at 20 °C
4779:
3085:Purpureocillium lilacinum
2044:Chromated copper arsenate
1976:m-Cumenyl methylcarbamate
1886:, Public Health Statement
1715:10.1007/s13762-017-1469-x
1234:Efficacy and side effects
884:Diazinon functions as an
766:formerly used to control
673:
624:
609:
583:
457:
437:
412:
183:
169:
146:
141:
132:
123:
4267:Methanesulfonyl fluoride
2089:Insect growth regulators
1117:Slow or rapid heart rate
3444:+glycopyrronium bromide
3078:Paenibacillus popilliae
1869:EPA Documents: Diazinon
1251:neuromuscular junctions
1208:Intravenous fluids (IV)
834:Nobel Prize in Medicine
824:. In 1939, the chemist
759:). It is a nonsystemic
3194:3-Chloro-4-stillbazole
3057:Metarhizium anisopliae
3036:Beauveria brongniartii
3017:Bacillus thuringiensis
2069:Lead hydrogen arsenate
1024:drop in blood pressure
943:
798:Specific Health Risks:
3071:Lecanicillium lecanii
1547:10.1081/clt-200026979
941:
579:3.81 (octanol/water)
4755:Atracotoxins (e.g.,
4382:Tetrahydrocannabinol
3729:Diisopropylphosphate
2218:Carbon tetrachloride
1484:10.1067/mem.2003.103
1255:thiophosphoric ester
1125:Breathing difficulty
857:purification methods
148:Preferred IUPAC name
40:improve this article
4838:Isopropyl compounds
4741:Tooltip Latrophilin
4443:Trimedoxime bromide
4372:Stercuronium iodide
4189:Tricresyl phosphate
3664:Chlorpyrifos-methyl
3050:Metarhizium acridum
2780:Chlorantraniliprole
2376:Chlorpyrifos-methyl
2049:Copper(II) arsenate
2034:Aluminium phosphide
2026:Inorganic compounds
1879:Chemical Fact Sheet
1816:10.1038/jes.2012.71
1664:2011EnST...45.4980K
1394:1980WatRe..14.1095S
959:Banning of Diazinon
947:Removal of diazinon
826:Paul Hermann Müller
561:Solubility in water
512: g·mol
120:
4260:Onchidella binneyi
3602:Organophosphates:
3043:Isaria fumosorosea
3029:Beauveria bassiana
2925:Piperonyl butoxide
2726:chrysanthemic acid
2064:Diatomaceous earth
1205:Assisted Breathing
1106:Tearing, increased
1092:Symptoms in humans
944:
737:- phosphorothioate
706:Infobox references
665:(Immediate danger)
163:- phosphorothioate
118:
4805:
4804:
4775:
4774:
4623:
4608:
4607:
4535:
4520:
4519:
4159:Tetrachlorvinphos
4034:Pirimiphos-methyl
3984:Oxydemeton-methyl
3934:Methyl phenkapton
3160:
3099:
3098:
2900:+milbemycin oxime
2581:Tetrachlorvinphos
2546:Pirimiphos-methyl
2506:Oxydemeton-methyl
2054:Copper(I) cyanide
1742:Los Angeles Times
1672:10.1021/es1042386
1658:(11): 4980–4987.
1449:Los Angeles Times
1426:978-0-8412-2991-4
1240:neurotransmission
1179:Gastrointestinal
1082:
1081:
714:Chemical compound
712:
711:
381:CompTox Dashboard
225:Interactive image
116:
115:
108:
90:
4850:
4742:
4738:
4677:
4673:
4646:
4642:
4627:
4617:
4590:
4586:
4549:
4545:
4539:
4529:
4459:
4455:
4423:Asoxime chloride
3999:Parathion-methyl
3699:Demeton-S-methyl
3255:
3251:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3154:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3103:
2785:Cyantraniliprole
2516:Parathion-methyl
2386:Demeton-S-methyl
2333:Organophosphorus
1914:
1907:
1900:
1891:
1837:
1836:
1818:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1772:. Archived from
1770:www.apvma.gov.au
1767:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1709:(6): 1301–1312.
1698:
1692:
1691:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1358:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1188:Loss of appetite
1182:Abdominal cramps
1086:chronic toxicity
1039:
953:organophosphates
696:
690:
687:
686:
604:
511:
499:
496:
490:
484:
478:
472:
465:Chemical formula
405:
404:
389:
387:
371:
351:
340:
326:
309:
298:
287:
267:
247:
227:
203:
137:
128:
121:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4771:
4740:
4721:
4681:Botulinum toxin
4675:
4650:Botulinum toxin
4644:
4616:
4604:
4588:
4578:
4564:Triethylcholine
4547:
4528:
4516:
4457:
4447:
4367:Rosmarinic acid
4134:Sulfotep (TEDP)
3804:Ethylsarin (GE)
3684:Cyclosarin (GF)
3654:Chlorfenvinphos
3644:Carbophenothion
3624:Azinphos-methyl
3253:
3243:
3209:Acryloylcholine
3172:
3153:
3145:
3130:
3100:
3095:
3064:Nomuraea rileyi
3002:
2969:
2809:Other chemicals
2804:
2766:
2595:
2366:Chlorfenvinphos
2351:Azinphos-methyl
2327:
2200:Organochlorides
2194:
2131:
2083:
2079:Scheele's Green
2020:
1927:
1918:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1746:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1609:
1607:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1585:
1583:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1514:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1388:(8): 1095–100.
1379:
1378:
1374:
1360:
1359:
1346:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1236:
1133:Nervous system
1128:Chest tightness
1111:Cardiovascular
1094:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1053:
970:
949:
921:
909:organophosphate
882:
869:
807:
761:organophosphate
715:
708:
703:
702:
701: ?)
692:
688:
684:
680:
666:
653:
640:
593:
563:
509:
493:
487:
481:
475:
467:
453:
450:
445:
444:
433:
430:
429:
426:
420:
419:
408:
390:
383:
374:
354:
341:
329:
290:
270:
250:
230:
217:
206:
193:
179:
177:
175:
173:
165:
164:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
4856:
4854:
4846:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4810:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4749:
4748:
4731:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4716:γ-bungarotoxin
4712:β-bungarotoxin
4701:
4700:
4666:
4665:
4635:
4633:
4624:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4593:
4591:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4552:
4550:
4536:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4462:
4460:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4252:
4230:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3974:Novichok agent
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3894:Isofluorophate
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3649:Chlorethoxyfos
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3619:Azinphos-ethyl
3616:
3611:
3606:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3459:Pyridostigmine
3456:
3451:
3446:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3258:
3256:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3177:
3175:
3161:
3147:
3146:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3106:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3020:
3012:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2881:Hydramethylnon
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2361:Chlorethoxyfos
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2137:Neonicotinoids
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1845:
1844:External links
1842:
1839:
1838:
1809:(2): 190–196.
1789:
1753:
1728:
1693:
1642:
1616:
1592:
1568:
1541:(5): 579–591.
1521:
1497:
1461:
1432:
1425:
1407:
1382:Water Research
1372:
1344:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1225:Gastric Lavage
1223:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1198:
1197:
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1192:
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1043:
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1031:
1026:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
991:
969:
966:
948:
945:
919:
902:synaptic cleft
881:
878:
877:
876:
868:
865:
842:disease-vector
806:
803:
713:
710:
709:
704:
682:
681:
677:standard state
674:
671:
670:
667:
661:
658:
657:
656:TWA 0.1 mg/m
654:
648:
645:
644:
641:
635:
632:
631:
622:
621:
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4751:
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4747:
4744:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4708:Bungarotoxins
4706:
4703:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4678:inactivators:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4647:inactivators:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4611:
4601:
4598:
4595:
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4554:
4553:
4551:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4527:
4523:
4512:
4510:
4509:ZINC-12613047
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4444:
4441:
4439:
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4429:
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4424:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:Lactucopicrin
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4184:Trichloronate
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3959:Monocrotophos
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3924:Methamidophos
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:Echothiophate
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3600:Irreversible:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
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3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3464:Quilostigmine
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3454:Physostigmine
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:; Stigmines:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:Chloropropham
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3133:Acetylcholine
3127:
3122:
3120:
3115:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3008:Biopesticides
3005:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2965:Metaflumizone
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:Chlordimeform
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2790:Flubendiamide
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2762:Transfluthrin
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:Fenpropathrin
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2659:Esfenvalerate
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2491:Monocrotophos
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2471:Methamidophos
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
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2414:
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2409:
2407:
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2402:
2399:
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2330:
2324:
2321:
2319:
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2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
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2291:
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2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
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2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
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2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2102:Diflubenzuron
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
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1969:
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1843:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1790:
1779:on 2013-04-19
1775:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1754:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1716:
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1596:
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1578:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1522:
1511:
1510:npic.orst.edu
1507:
1501:
1498:
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1477:
1473:
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1439:
1437:
1433:
1428:
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1411:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1284:
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1276:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1233:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1045:Observations
1044:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
995:
992:
990:
987:
986:
985:
983:
979:
975:
967:
965:
961:
960:
956:
954:
946:
940:
936:
933:
929:
925:
917:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
890:acetylcholine
887:
879:
874:
873:
872:
866:
864:
860:
858:
854:
850:
845:
843:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
820:
816:
812:
804:
802:
799:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
736:
732:
728:
723:
719:
707:
700:
695:
678:
672:
668:
664:
660:
659:
655:
652:(Recommended)
651:
647:
646:
642:
639:(Permissible)
638:
634:
633:
629:
628:
623:
619:
617:
614:
613:
608:
603:
598:
595:
592:
588:
587:
584:Pharmacology
582:
578:
576:
575:
570:
569:
565:
562:
558:
557:
553:
551:
550:Boiling point
548:
547:
543:
541:
538:
537:
533:
529:
527:
524:
523:
519:
516:
515:
508:
506:
503:
502:
469:
466:
462:
461:
456:
447:
443:
436:
422:
418:
411:
403:
399:
398:DTXSID9020407
395:
394:
392:
382:
378:
377:
370:
366:
365:
363:
361:
358:
357:
350:
346:
345:
343:
337:
333:
332:
325:
321:
320:
318:
316:
313:
312:
308:
304:
301:
299:
297:ECHA InfoCard
294:
293:
286:
282:
281:
279:
277:
274:
273:
266:
262:
261:
259:
257:
254:
253:
246:
242:
241:
239:
237:
234:
233:
226:
222:
221:
219:
215:
210:
209:
202:
198:
197:
195:
192:
188:
187:
182:
168:
162:
158:
154:
149:
145:
140:
136:
131:
127:
122:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
4843:Ethyl esters
4752:
4746:α-Latrotoxin
4734:
4704:
4669:
4638:
4596:
4570:
4555:
4499:Rivastigmine
4465:
4419:Reactivators
4392:Ungiminorine
4347:Kobophenol A
4312:Coronaridine
4302:Bulbocapnine
4297:Arisugacin A
4273:
4258:
4144:Tebupirimfos
4024:Phosphamidon
3929:Methidathion
3834:Fenitrothion
3708:
3659:Chlorpyrifos
3599:
3474:Terestigmine
3469:Rivastigmine
3431:Eptastigmine
3382:Phenmedipham
3352:Formparanate
3337:Ethiofencarb
3270:Carbamates:
3267:
3261:
3180:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3015:
2950:Tebufenpyrad
2945:Tebufenozide
2851:Chlorfenapyr
2826:Azadirachtin
2757:Tralomethrin
2752:Tetramethrin
2694:Metofluthrin
2649:Deltamethrin
2644:Cyphenothrin
2639:Cypermethrin
2624:Bioallethrin
2571:Tebupirimfos
2476:Methidathion
2446:Fenitrothion
2390:
2371:Chlorpyrifos
2346:Azamethiphos
2308:Methoxychlor
2190:Thiamethoxam
2180:Paichongding
2165:Imidaclothiz
2160:Imidacloprid
2150:Clothianidin
2127:Pyriproxyfen
2107:Flufenoxuron
2097:Benzoylureas
1956:Butocarboxim
1925:Insecticides
1921:Pest control
1806:
1802:
1792:
1781:. Retrieved
1774:the original
1769:
1756:
1745:. Retrieved
1741:
1731:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1628:
1619:
1608:. Retrieved
1605:wwwn.cdc.gov
1604:
1595:
1584:. Retrieved
1581:wwwn.cdc.gov
1580:
1571:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1513:. Retrieved
1509:
1500:
1478:(4): 453–6.
1475:
1471:
1464:
1452:. Retrieved
1448:
1416:
1410:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1338:
1332:
1311:
1307:pancreatitis
1291:
1287:
1271:
1259:chlorpyrifos
1237:
1228:
1199:
1148:Excitability
1122:Respiratory
1095:
1083:
971:
962:
958:
957:
950:
906:
883:
870:
861:
849:contaminants
846:
838:
808:
797:
796:
744:
734:
730:
726:
725:
717:
716:
626:
573:
265:ChEMBL388560
184:Identifiers
170:Other names
160:
156:
152:
102:
96:January 2013
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
4828:Pyrimidines
4597:Inhibitors:
4574:Coluracetam
4556:Inhibitors:
4526:Transporter
4466:Inhibitors:
4438:Pralidoxime
4332:Cyclanoline
4282:α-Viniferin
4179:Trichlorfon
3944:Metrifonate
3859:Fosthiazate
3844:Fluorotabun
3719:Dicrotophos
3674:Crotylsarin
3518:Huperzine A
3513:Galantamine
3508:Edrophonium
3441:Neostigmine
3436:Ganstigmine
3402:Propamocarb
3347:Formetanate
3332:Ethienocarb
3312:Carbosulfan
3302:Carbetamide
3297:Carbendazim
3268:Reversible:
3181:Inhibitors:
3023:Baculovirus
2975:Metabolites
2940:Sulfluramid
2742:Silafluofen
2709:Prallethrin
2689:Imiprothrin
2684:Fluvalinate
2674:Fenvalerate
2634:Cyhalothrin
2609:Acrinathrin
2601:Pyrethroids
2591:Trichlorfon
2456:Fosthiazate
2401:Dicrotophos
2185:Thiacloprid
2155:Dinotefuran
2145:Acetamiprid
2074:Paris Green
1981:Ethienocarb
1971:Carbosulfan
1295:paresthesia
1275:lacrimation
1244:cholinergic
1139:Convulsions
1042:Lethal Dose
1018:Bradycardia
978:vertebrates
892:(ACh) into
819:insecticide
768:cockroaches
764:insecticide
616:Flash point
591:ATCvet code
554:decomposes
517:Appearance
458:Properties
303:100.005.795
245:CHEBI:34682
178:Spectracide
4812:Categories
4761:versutoxin
4757:robustoxin
4631:Inhibitors
4620:modulators
4571:Enhancers:
4532:modulators
4489:Ladostigil
4479:Conodurine
4474:Affinisine
4387:Ungeremine
4362:Phosacetim
4322:Corynoline
4317:Corydaline
4307:Conodurine
4292:Affinisine
4228:Demecarium
4226:; Others:
4139:Tabun (GA)
4129:Soman (GD)
4119:Sarin (GB)
4039:Profenofos
3899:Isoxathion
3884:Guanitoxin
3854:Formothion
3829:Fenamiphos
3759:Disulfoton
3754:Dioxathion
3744:Dimethoate
3714:Dichlorvos
3548:Ladostigil
3538:Ipidacrine
3483:Ambenonium
3478:Acotiamide
3476:; Others:
3449:Phenserine
3426:Distigmine
3417:Thiodicarb
3392:Pirimicarb
3357:Methiocarb
3342:Fenobucarb
3317:Chlorbufam
3307:Carbofuran
3282:Bendiocarb
3263:Inhibitors
3157:modulators
3143:modulators
3136:metabolism
2955:Veracevine
2886:Indoxacarb
2876:Fluralaner
2866:Fenoxycarb
2861:Fenazaquin
2856:Cyromazine
2836:Buprofezin
2816:Afoxolaner
2747:Tefluthrin
2737:Resmethrin
2704:Phenothrin
2699:Permethrin
2679:Flumethrin
2664:Etofenprox
2654:Empenthrin
2629:Cyfluthrin
2619:Bifenthrin
2614:Allethrins
2551:Quinalphos
2521:Phenthoate
2461:Isoxathion
2441:Fenamiphos
2426:Disulfoton
2421:Dioxathion
2416:Dimethoate
2396:Dichlorvos
2318:Tetradifon
2293:Heptachlor
2283:Endosulfan
2228:Cyclodiene
2175:Nithiazine
2170:Nitenpyram
2122:Methoprene
2112:Hydroprene
2039:Boric acid
1991:Isoprocarb
1986:Fenobucarb
1966:Carbofuran
1951:Bendiocarb
1933:Carbamates
1783:2024-05-14
1747:2024-03-14
1610:2024-03-14
1586:2024-03-14
1515:2024-03-14
1324:References
1279:rhinorrhea
1168:Irritation
1029:Convulsion
932:hydrolases
916:microsomal
811:Ciba-Geigy
772:silverfish
749:Ciba-Geigy
505:Molar mass
369:YUS1M1Q929
276:ChemSpider
212:3D model (
191:CAS Number
66:newspapers
55:"Diazinon"
4743:agonists:
4727:Enhancers
4600:Vesamicol
4484:Cymserine
4433:Obidoxime
4428:Methoxime
4342:Harmaline
4337:Cymserine
4327:Crimidine
4274:Unsorted:
4169:Triazofos
4109:Ro 3-0433
4104:Ro 3-0422
4099:Ro 3-0419
4094:Ro 3-0417
4089:Ro 3-0412
4084:Ro 3-0411
4079:Ro 3-0397
4074:Ro 3-0352
4069:Ro 3-0351
4064:Ro 3-0347
4059:Ro 3-0346
4054:Ro 3-0340
4044:Prothoate
4014:Phosfolan
4009:Phosalone
3994:Parathion
3979:Omethoate
3949:Mevinphos
3914:Malathion
3904:Leptophos
3809:Endothion
3689:Demephion
3679:Cyanophos
3669:Coumaphos
3639:Cadusafos
3634:Bensulide
3629:BAY-29952
3593:Zanapezil
3553:Minaprine
3533:Huprine Y
3528:Huprine X
3523:Huprine W
3493:Donepezil
3422:Thiofanox
3397:Promecarb
3387:Pinmicarb
3367:Metolcarb
3327:Dimetilan
3287:Bufencarb
3277:Aminocarb
3229:CM-54,903
3140:transport
2921:Adjuvants
2916:Sarolaner
2911:Pyriprole
2906:Pyridaben
2896:Lotilaner
2831:Bensultap
2795:Ryanodine
2732:Pyrethrum
2714:Pyrethrin
2531:Phosalone
2511:Parathion
2501:Omethoate
2481:Mevinphos
2466:Malathion
2381:Coumaphos
2356:Bensulide
2323:Toxaphene
2223:Chlordane
2117:Lufenuron
2011:Promecarb
2001:Metolcarb
1946:Aminocarb
1825:1559-0631
1723:104194226
1555:0731-3810
1267:parathion
1263:malathion
1160:Twitching
1145:Dizziness
1008:Headaches
867:Synthesis
788:sheep dip
755:and then
745:Dimpylate
733:-Diethyl
159:-Diethyl
119:Diazinon
4783:See also
4767:Crotoxin
4469:Affinine
4402:BW284C51
4357:Lycorine
4287:Affinine
4277:α-Pinene
4255:Onchidal
4174:Tribufos
4154:Terbufos
4124:Schradan
3989:Paraoxon
3909:Malaoxon
3839:Fenthion
3824:Ethoprop
3709:Diazinon
3704:Dialifor
3609:Acephate
3543:Itopride
3488:Caffeine
3412:Propoxur
3362:Methomyl
3292:Carbaryl
3272:Aldicarb
3091:Spinosad
2993:Paraoxon
2988:Malaoxon
2960:Xanthone
2935:Spinosad
2891:Limonene
2871:Fipronil
2800:Ryanodol
2772:Ryanoids
2586:Tribufos
2576:Terbufos
2561:Schradan
2451:Fenthion
2436:Ethoprop
2391:Diazinon
2341:Acephate
2278:Dieldrin
2213:Beta-HCH
2059:Cryolite
2016:Propoxur
1996:Methomyl
1961:Carbaryl
1941:Aldicarb
1884:Diazinon
1833:22805989
1688:31463849
1680:21539304
1563:15462149
1492:12658242
1369:(NIOSH).
1314:children
1303:diastase
1247:synapses
1230:longer.
1216:atropine
1194:Vomiting
1185:Diarrhea
1174:Sweating
1154:Weakness
1151:Headache
998:vomiting
994:Diarrhea
974:toxicity
853:solution
815:Novartis
792:atropine
757:Syngenta
753:Novartis
718:Diazinon
610:Hazards
605:)
597:QP53AF03
566:40 mg/L
201:333-41-5
4753:Others:
4705:Others:
4641:SNAP-25
4614:Release
4504:Tacrine
4412:3152 CT
4377:Taspine
4149:Temefos
4049:R-16661
4019:Phosmet
4004:Phorate
3954:Mipafox
3919:Mazidox
3849:Fonofos
3794:EA-4352
3789:EA-3148
3784:EA-2613
3779:EA-2192
3774:EA-2098
3769:EA-2054
3764:EA-2012
3739:Dimefox
3694:Demeton
3588:Tacrine
3583:TL-1238
3503:EA-4056
3498:EA-3990
3407:Propham
3372:Miotine
2929:Sesamex
2821:Amitraz
2566:Temefos
2556:R-16661
2536:Phosmet
2526:Phorate
2486:Mipafox
2411:Dimefox
2303:Lindane
2273:Dicofol
2248:1,2-DCE
2243:1,1-DCE
2238:1,4-DCB
2233:1,2-DCB
1660:Bibcode
1390:Bibcode
1363:"#0181"
1299:amylase
1171:Redness
1136:Anxiety
1076:) (2,5)
1069:) (2,4)
1062:) (2,3)
1022:Sudden
1003:Vertigo
996:and/or
928:oxidase
898:acetate
896:and an
894:choline
851:in its
830:malaria
805:History
699:what is
697: (
599: (
540:Density
530:faint,
336:PubChem
176:Diazide
174:Basudin
80:scholar
4114:Ronnel
4029:Phoxim
3819:Ethion
3614:Armine
3578:TL-599
3573:T-1194
3568:T-1152
3563:T-1123
3377:Oxamyl
3151:Enzyme
2841:Cartap
2541:Phoxim
2431:Ethion
2298:Kepone
2288:Endrin
2208:Aldrin
2006:Oxamyl
1831:
1823:
1721:
1686:
1678:
1635:31 May
1631:. NPIC
1561:
1553:
1490:
1423:
1318:molars
1283:miosis
1277:, and
1191:Nausea
1157:Tremor
1013:Miosis
778:, and
724:name:
694:verify
691:
534:-like
510:304.34
442:SMILES
324:D07856
256:ChEMBL
142:Names
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
4585:VAChT
4407:TMTFA
3969:Naled
3874:GT-45
3864:GD-42
3214:AF64A
2496:Naled
2313:Mirex
1777:(PDF)
1766:(PDF)
1719:S2CID
1684:S2CID
1454:2 Jul
1220:oxime
1165:Skin
1034:Apnea
989:Colic
924:NADPH
913:liver
813:(now
784:wasps
780:fleas
722:IUPAC
669:N.D.
643:none
627:NIOSH
532:ester
417:InChI
236:ChEBI
214:JSmol
87:JSTOR
73:books
4737:LPHN
4672:VAMP
4454:BChE
3964:MSPI
3250:AChE
3224:BETA
3219:B115
3169:ChAT
3138:and
2998:TCPy
2983:Oxon
2268:DFDT
1829:PMID
1821:ISSN
1676:PMID
1637:2019
1559:PMID
1551:ISSN
1488:PMID
1456:2020
1421:ISBN
1265:and
1249:and
1218:and
1142:Coma
976:for
922:and
776:ants
663:IDLH
572:log
526:Odor
360:UNII
349:3017
315:KEGG
285:2909
59:news
4544:CHT
3814:EPN
2263:DDT
2258:DDE
2253:DDD
1811:doi
1711:doi
1668:doi
1543:doi
1480:doi
1398:doi
822:DDT
794:.
741:INN
650:REL
637:PEL
602:WHO
386:EPA
339:CID
42:by
4814::
4759:,
4714:,
4695:,
4691:,
4687:,
4660:,
4656:,
4421::
4247:,
4243:,
4239:,
4224:VX
4219:VR
4214:VS
4209:VP
4204:VM
4199:VG
4194:VE
3879:GV
3869:GH
2927:,
2724:;
2722:II
2720:,
1923::
1852:-
1827:.
1819:.
1807:23
1805:.
1801:.
1768:.
1740:.
1717:.
1707:15
1705:.
1682:.
1674:.
1666:.
1656:45
1654:.
1627:.
1603:.
1579:.
1557:.
1549:.
1539:42
1537:.
1533:.
1508:.
1486:.
1476:41
1474:.
1447:.
1435:^
1396:.
1386:14
1384:.
1365:.
1347:^
1309:.
1261:,
1074:50
1067:50
1060:Lo
1052:50
1050:LD
904:.
836:.
774:,
770:,
743:-
739:,
480:21
474:12
4763:)
4718:)
4710:(
4699:)
4697:G
4693:F
4689:D
4685:B
4683:(
4664:)
4662:E
4658:C
4654:A
4652:(
4622:)
4618:(
4534:)
4530:(
4263:)
4257:(
4251:)
4249:4
4245:3
4241:2
4237:1
4235:(
3265::
3159:)
3155:(
3125:e
3118:t
3111:v
2931:)
2923:(
2902:)
2898:(
2728:)
2718:I
2716:(
1913:e
1906:t
1899:v
1835:.
1813::
1786:.
1750:.
1725:.
1713::
1690:.
1670::
1662::
1639:.
1613:.
1589:.
1565:.
1545::
1518:.
1494:.
1482::
1458:.
1429:.
1404:.
1400::
1392::
1222:.
920:2
735:O
731:O
729:,
727:O
720:(
689:Y
574:P
498:S
495:P
492:3
489:O
486:2
483:N
477:H
471:C
388:)
384:(
216:)
161:O
157:O
155:,
153:O
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
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