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of the employee to the employer conflicts with the loyalty of the employee to his or her community, which the employer's business practices may be adversely affecting. Vandekerckhove reports that different scholars resolve the conflict in different ways, some of which he does not find to be satisfactory. Duska resolves the conflict by asserting that there is really only one proper object of loyalty in such instances—the community—a position that
Vandekerckhove counters by arguing that businesses are in need of employee loyalty.
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a group of people. Examples of this, which are unequivocally considered to be instances of loyalty, are loyalty by a person to his or her family, to a team that he or she is a member or fan of, or to his or her country. The problem is that it then becomes unclear whether there is a strict interpersonal relationship involved, and whether Ladd's contention that loyalty is interpersonal—not suprapersonal—is an adequate description. Ladd considers loyalty from two perspectives: its proper object and its moral value.
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303:, indeed a primary virtue, "the heart of all the virtues, the central duty amongst all the duties". Royce presents loyalty, which he defines at length, as the basic moral principle from which all other principles can be derived. The short definition that he gives of the idea is that loyalty is "the willing and practical and thoroughgoing devotion of a person to a cause". Loyalty is thoroughgoing in that it is not merely a casual interest but a wholehearted commitment to a cause.
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one's own are considered illegitimate. The xenophobe does not regard the loyalties of foreigners to their countries as legitimate while the religious extremist does not acknowledge the legitimacy of other religions. At the other end of the spectrum, past the middle ground of considering some loyalties as legitimate and others not, according to cases, or plain and simple indifference to other people's loyalties, is the positive regard of other people's loyalties.
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436:, that "hen we speak of causes (or ideals) we are more apt to say that people are committed to them or devoted to them than that they are loyal to them". Kleinig agrees with Baron, noting that a person's earliest and strongest loyalties are almost always to people, and that only later do people arrive at abstract notions like values, causes, and ideals. He disagrees, however, with the notion that loyalties are restricted
428:, Konvitz states that the objects of loyalty encompass principles, causes, ideas, ideals, religions, ideologies, nations, governments, parties, leaders, families, friends, regions, racial groups, and "anyone or anything to which one's heart can become attached or devoted". Baron agrees with Ladd, inasmuch as loyalty is "to certain people or to a group of people, not loyalty to an ideal or cause". She argues in her
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506:, excluding one of the others. However, Nathanson observes, this is a special case. In the general case, the existence of multiple loyalties does not cause a disloyalty. One can, for example, be loyal to one's friends, or one's family, and still, without contradiction, be loyal to one's religion, or profession.
352:
Ladd himself characterizes loyalty as interpersonal, i.e., a relationship between a lord and vassal, parent and child, or two good friends. Duska states that this characterization leads to a problem that Ladd overlooks. Loyalty may certainly be between two persons, but it may also be from a person to
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This is of particular relevance to the conflicts among multiple loyalties. People with one loyalty can hold that another, conflicting, loyalty is either legitimate or illegitimate. In the extreme view, one that
Nathanson ascribes to religious extremists and xenophobes for examples, all loyalties bar
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s only article on a virtue, . Ladd asserts that, contrary to Royce, causes to which one is loyal are interpersonal, not impersonal or suprapersonal. He states that Royce's view has "the ethical defect of postulating duties over and above our individual duties to men and groups of men. The individual
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loyalty—between employees and their employer. (Previous thinking had encompassed the idea that employees are loyal to an employer, but not that an employer need be loyal to employees.) The ethics of whistleblowing thus encompass a conflicting multiplicity of loyalties, where the traditional loyalty
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Loyalties can range from supreme loyalties, that override all other considerations, to merely presumptive loyalties, that affect one's presumptions, providing but one motivation for action that is weighed against other motivations. Nathanson observes that strength of loyalty is often interrelated
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takes a different tack, arguing that loyalty can sometimes be a vice, not a virtue, and that "loyalty is only a virtue to the extent that the object of loyalty is good" (similar to
Nathanson). Vandekerckhove calls this argument "interesting" but "too vague" in its description of how tolerant an
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Nathanson contends that patriotic loyalty is not always a virtue. A loyal person can, in general be relied upon, and hence people view loyalty as virtuous. Nathanson argues that loyalty can, however, be given to persons or causes that are unworthy. Moreover, loyalty can lead patriots to support
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in his political theory). Alternatively, they may be constructed from personal choice and evaluation of criteria with a full degree of freedom. The degree of control that one has is not necessarily simple; Nathanson points out that whilst one has no choice as to one's parents or relatives, one
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Loyalties with limited scope require few actions of the subject; loyalties with broad or even unlimited scopes require many actions, or indeed to do whatever may be necessary in support of the loyalty. Loyalty to one's job, for example, may require no more action than simple punctuality and
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of the loyalty, whereas legitimacy, above, concerns the loyalties themselves). People may have one of a range of possible attitudes towards others who do not share their loyalties, with hate and disdain at one end, indifference in the middle, and concern and positive feeling at the
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employee should be of an employer's shortcomings. Vandekerckhove suggests that Duska and
Corvino combine, however, to point in a direction that makes it possible to resolve the conflict of loyalties in the context of whistleblowing, by clarifying the objects of those loyalties.
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performance of the tasks that the job requires. Loyalty to a family member can, in contrast, have a very broad effect upon one's actions, requiring considerable personal sacrifice. Extreme patriotic loyalty may impose an unlimited scope of duties. Scope encompasses an element of
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policies that are immoral and inhumane. Thus, Nathanson argues, patriotic loyalty can sometimes rather be a vice than a virtue, when its consequences exceed the boundaries of what is otherwise morally desirable. Such loyalties, in
Nathanson's view, are erroneously
343:, extends Ladd's objection, saying that it is a perversion of ethics and virtue for one's self-will to be identified with anything, as Royce would have it. Even if one were identifying one's self-will with God, to be worthy of such loyalty God would have to be the
498:. Exclusionary loyalty excludes loyalties to other people or groups; whereas non-exclusionary loyalty does not. People may have single loyalties, to just one person, group, or thing, or multiple loyalties to multiple objects. Multiple loyalties can constitute a
681:
Nathanson observes that loyalty is often directly equated to patriotism. He states that this is a false equality; while patriots exhibit loyalty, it is not conversely the case that all loyal persons are patriots. He provides the example of a
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Loyalties may be constructed on the basis of unalterable facts that constitute a personal connection between the subject and the object of the loyalty, such as biological ties or place of birth (a notion of natural allegiance propounded by
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that can be unqualifiedly good is a good will. No other virtue has this status because every other virtue can be used to achieve immoral ends (for example, the virtue of loyalty is not good if one is loyal to an evil person). The
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soldier, who exhibits loyalty to the people or country that pays him. Nathanson points to the difference in motivations between a loyal mercenary and a patriot. A mercenary may well be motivated by a sense of
376:, by psychologists, psychiatrists, sociologists, scholars of religion, political economists, scholars of business and marketing, and—most particularly—by political theorists, who deal with it in terms of
176:" of the synoptic gospels acknowledges the possibility of distinct loyalties (secular and religious) without conflict, but if loyalty to man conflicts with loyalty to God, the latter takes precedence.
328:, which he characterized as "obsolete". However, he argued that such associations were faulty and that the notion of loyalty is "an essential ingredient in any civilized and humane system of morals".
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point out that "man inherits the capacity for loyalty, but not the use to which he shall put it... may unselfishly devote himself to what is petty or vile, as he may to what is generous and noble".
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is submerged and lost in this superperson for its tends to dissolve our specific duties to others into 'superhuman' good". Ronald F. Duska, the Lamont Post Chair of Ethics and the
Professions at
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143:'s early dialogues, is based on the ethical dilemma arising from Euthyphro intending to lay manslaughter charges against his own father, who had caused the death of a slave through negligence.
1007:, the god of righteousness and justice, and who turned out to be his deified self. Yudhishthira enters heaven in the company of his dog, the god of righteousness. Yudhishthira is known by the
186:
defines loyalty as "allegiance to the sovereign or established government of one's country" and also "personal devotion and reverence to the sovereign and royal family". It traces the word "
74:
disagree on what can be an object of loyalty, as some argue that loyalty is strictly interpersonal and only another human being can be the object of loyalty. The definition of loyalty in
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appears at the gates of Heaven at the end of his life with a stray dog he had picked up along the way as a companion, having previously lost his brothers and his wife to death. The god
316:(1967). Ladd observed that by that time the subject had received "scant attention in philosophical literature". This he attributed to "odious" associations that the subject had with
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153:, Jesus states, "No one can serve two masters; for a slave will either hate the one and love the other, or be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and
388:, the "grand exception" in Kleinig's words. Kleinig observes that from the 1980s onwards, the subject gained attention, with philosophers variously relating it to
729:, pursuant to which an employee who acts unfaithfully towards his employer must forfeit all of the compensation he received during the period of his disloyalty.
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speaks of "loyal ones", which would be those who follow the Bible with absolute loyalty, as in "Precious in the eyes of God is the death of his loyal ones" (
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Mullin, Richard P. (2005). "Josiah Royce's
Philosophy of Loyalty as the Basis for Democratic Ethics". In Koczanowicz, Leszek; Singer, Beth J. (eds.).
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571:. Where two or more loyalties conflict, their scopes determine what weight to give to the alternative courses of action required by each loyalty.
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as just outlined, Nathanson enumerates five other "dimensions" that loyalty can vary along: basis, strength, scope, legitimacy, and attitude:
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797:, fictional character, or fictional series. Devoted sports fans continue to remain fans even in the face of a string of losing seasons.
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is unique in that it is always good and maintains its moral value even when it fails to achieve its moral intentions. Kant regarded the
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The Law in the
Scriptures: With Explanations of the Law Terms and Legal References in Both the Old and the New Testaments
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offer rewards to repeat customers in exchange for being able to keep track of consumer preferences and buying habits.
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The subjects of the loyalties have attitudes towards other people (note that this dimension of loyalty concerns the
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directs us to honor our agreements... People usually stick to the deal even though it has changed for the worse".
695:. A patriot, in contrast, may be motivated by affection, concern, identification, and a willingness to sacrifice.
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1269:. The Vanderbilt library of American philosophy (reprint ed.). Vanderbilt University Press. pp. 66–67.
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the dog, and prepares to turn away from the gates of Heaven. Then the dog is revealed to be the manifestation of
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gives as primary, it attributes to a shift during the 16th century, noting that the origin of the word is in the
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Several scholars, including Duska, discuss loyalty in the context of whistleblowing. Wim
Vandekerckhove of the
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556:" is an aphorism that explains that loyalties that have biological ties as their bases are generally stronger.
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404:. Additional aspects enumerated by Kleinig include the exclusionary nature of loyalty and its subjects.
190:" to the 15th century, noting that then it primarily referred to fidelity in service, in love, or to an
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1424:. Value inquiry book series: Studies in pragmatism and values. Vol. 167. Rodopi. pp. 183–84.
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Dick, Alan S.; Basu, Kunal (1994). "Customer
Loyalty: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework".
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284:), it formed the Bushido code: "It is somehow implanted in their chromosomal makeup to be loyal".
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424:. Ladd considers loyalty to be interpersonal: the object of loyalty is always a person. In the
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384:. As a philosophical concept, loyalty was largely untreated by philosophers until the work of
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is prepared to admit him to Heaven, but refuses to admit the dog, so Yudhishthira refuses to
447:, as there is a greater chance of survival and procreation if animals belong to loyal packs.
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1593:. Cambridge studies in philosophy and public policy. Cambridge University Press. p.
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as a single moral principle that freely chooses to use the other virtues for moral ends.
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Guyer, Paul (2011). "Kantian Perfectionism". In Jost, Lawrence; Wuerth, Julian (eds.).
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2337:. History of American Thought. Vol. 1. Continuum International Publishing Group.
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1847:"Met Opera sues former conductor for $ 5.8 million over sexual misconduct allegations"
1334:. History of American Thought. Vol. 1. Continuum International Publishing Group.
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Axinn, Sydney (1997). "Loyalty". In Werhane, Patricia H.; Freeman, R. Edward (eds.).
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904:, or taken advantage of. It can also mean loyalty to a malignant or misguided cause.
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Alford, C. Fred (2002). "Implications of Whistleblower Ethics for Ethical Theory".
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Loyalty to people and abstract notions such as causes or ideals is considered an
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Royce's view of loyalty was challenged by John Ladd, professor of philosophy at
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Businesses seek to become the objects of loyalty in order to retain customers.
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1734:. New Feminist Perspective Series. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 106–09.
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1186:. Corporate social responsibility series. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp.
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Whistleblowing and organizational social responsibility: a global assessment
1023: – Virtue and practice in Chinese classics and Chinese society at large
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under the laws of a number of states in the United States, and most notably
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to personal attachments, considering it "incorrect (as a matter of logic)".
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2289:. History and Philosophy Series. Vol. 303. Black Belt Communications.
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Misplaced or mistaken loyalty refers to loyalty placed in other persons or
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Glynn, Timothy P.; Arnow-Richman, Rachel S.; Sullivan, Charles A. (2019).
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364:, observes that over the years the idea has been treated by writers from
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1912:"Loyalty Programs and Their Impact on Repeat-Purchase Loyalty Patterns"
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Hurst, G. Cameron (October 1990). "Death, Honor, and Loyality [
1162:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 80.
1008:
967:
959:
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points out that in the late 20th century saw the rise of a notion of a
257:
245:
157:". This relates to the authority of a master over his servants (as per
126:
120:
59:
2285:
Nitobe, Inazō (1975). "The Duty of Loyalty". In Lucas, Charles (ed.).
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in 1805 (although it is possible that Foxie had eaten Gough's body).
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Sharma, Urmila; Sharma, S.K. (1998). "Christian political thought".
310:, in the article on "Loyalty" in the first edition of the Macmillan
256:"Loyalty" is the most important and frequently emphasized virtue in
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provides a partial explanation for the phenomenon in the way "the
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260:. In combination with six other virtues, which are Righteousness (
221:
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38:
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Perfecting Virtue: New Essays on Kantian Ethics and Virtue Ethics
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in their scopes, and fail to acknowledge boundaries of morality.
295:
presented a different definition of the concept in his 1908 book
244:
derived its (early 20th century) primary meaning of loyalty to a
86:, either one's nation of birth, or one's declared home nation by
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3448:
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Duska, Ronald F. (2007). "Whistleblowing and Employee Loyalty".
871:, attempting to serve two masters leads to "double-mindedness" (
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191:
87:
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1115:. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. pp. 220 et seq.
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may display a sense of loyalty to humans. Famous cases include
202:
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1513:. CSEP module series in applied ethics. Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co.
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and a commitment to repeatedly purchase that brand. So-called
618:
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Faithfulness or devotion to a person, country, group, or cause
864:) have also been called an example of the virtue of loyalty.
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Multiplicity, disloyalty, and whether loyalty is exclusionary
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Virtuous giving: philanthropy, voluntary service, and caring
453:
constructed the basis for an ethical law via the concept of
974:, who stayed by her dead master's side for three months on
2380:
2352:
White, Howard B. (1956). "Royce's Philosophy of Loyalty".
236:), who has full legal rights as a consequence of faithful
457:. Kant began his ethical theory by arguing that the only
642:
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Ewin, R. Edward (October 1992). "Loyalty and Virtues".
2205:
Corvino, John (November 2002). "Loyalty in Business?".
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The Book of Virtues: A Treasury of Great Moral Stories
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The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
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Whistleblowers: Broken Lives and Organizational Power
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Ladd, John (1967). "Loyalty". In Paul Edwards (ed.).
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Employment Law: Private Ordering and Its Limitations
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who attended his master's grave for fourteen years;
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755:John Corvino, associate professor of philosophy at
331:Anthony Ralls observes that Ladd's article is that
2155:
1685:
2181:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. pp. 388–390.
1372:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
857:and his rejection of Potiphar's wife's advances (
1962:The Business of Sports: A Primer for Journalists
1828:. Vol. 158. Commerce Clearing House. 2009.
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
168:, owe undivided loyalty to their master (as per
1784:. Vol. 2. Practising Law Institute. 2004.
416:and Marcia W. Baron, disagree about the proper
2009:
2007:
1919:International Journal of Research in Marketing
1560:
1558:
1422:Democracy and the post-totalitarian experience
845:was called by God to offer his son Isaac as a
830:). Most Jewish and Christian authors view the
478:Stephen Nathanson, professor of philosophy at
3497:
3462:
3446:
2396:
2335:Critical Responses to Josiah Royce, 1885–1916
2102:"The Romantics and the Myth of Charles Gough"
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1332:Critical responses to Josiah Royce, 1885–1916
793:, an allegiance to and abiding interest in a
8:
3739:
3693:
3679:
1532:
1530:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1288:
1286:
778:is a consumer's preference for a particular
3398:
3375:
3366:
3357:
1877:Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science
1692:. Cambridge University Press. p. 194.
1539:Contemporary reflections on business ethics
1443:
1441:
213:
3821:
3504:
3490:
3482:
3037:
2503:Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues
2403:
2389:
2381:
2179:Encyclopedic Dictionary of Business Ethics
2044:Smith, Eliot R.; Mackie, Diane M. (2007).
1463:Ralls, Anthony (January 1968). "Review of
896:where that loyalty is not acknowledged or
502:to an object if one of those loyalties is
129:is often based on a conflict arising from
2278:"Loyalty, Filial Piety in Changing Times"
1011:Dharmaputra, the lord of righteous duty.
669:Learn how and when to remove this message
232:, is one who is lawful (as opposed to an
1399:. Indiana University Press. p. 40.
641:Relevant discussion may be found on the
420:loyalty—what it is possible to be loyal
194:that one has made. The meaning that the
2550:Values in Action Inventory of Strengths
1648:(Second revised ed.). p. 240.
1541:. Vol. 23. Springer. p. 142.
1038:
930:Foxie, guarding the body of her master
2136:. Translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli.
1576:. Vol. III. New York: Scribner's.
653:to additional sources at this section.
82:is the fidelity of an individual to a
2023:. Simon & Schuster. p. 665.
1853:from the original on 28 December 2021
1764:. Wolters Kluwer Law & Business.
1644:Blackburn, Simon (2008). "Morality".
1452:. Vol. 5. Macmillan. p. 97.
1086:. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p.
426:Encyclopaedia of the History of Ideas
349:, the perfect manifestation of good.
7:
1965:(2 ed.). Taylor & Francis.
1832:from the original on 25 October 2023
1810:from the original on 25 October 2023
1788:from the original on 25 October 2023
1574:Encyclopedia of the History of Ideas
1059:from the original on 16 October 2018
482:, states that loyalty can be either
2535:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers
1940:from the original on 24 August 2015
1376:from the original on 11 August 2023
1369:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
878:), undermining loyalty to a cause.
299:. According to Royce, loyalty is a
1910:Sharp, Byron; Sharp, Anne (1997).
1806:. Vol. 52. West Group. 2009.
1781:Annual Institute on Employment Law
1619:"The Power of Tribes in Evolution"
849:, as a test of Abraham's loyalty.
634:relies largely or entirely upon a
25:
2100:Jones, Jonathan (15 March 2003).
1326:Thilly, Frank (2000). "Review of
1293:Thilly, Frank (1908). "Review of
240:to a feudal lord. Hence the 1911
4701:The Closing of the American Mind
4621:Civilization and Its Discontents
4601:A Vindication of Natural Society
2333:". In Auxier, Randall E. (ed.).
2112:from the original on 27 May 2023
1988:The Akedah: The Binding of Isaac
1362:Kleinig, John (21 August 2007).
1136:
623:
209:, that is in turn rooted in the
1732:Patriotism, morality, and peace
1646:Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy
1330:". In Randall E. Auxier (ed.).
691:or a belief in the sanctity of
2488:Catalogue of Vices and Virtues
2186:Connor, James (25 July 2007).
2059:Balfour, Arthur James (2000).
1845:Kaufman, Ellie (19 May 2018).
1663:. UCL Press. pp. 101–02.
1465:The Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1450:The Encyclopedia of Philosophy
853:'s faithfulness to his master
324:, and with the metaphysics of
1:
4591:Oration on the Dignity of Man
1931:10.1016/s0167-8116(97)00022-0
604:In relation to other subjects
4661:The Society of the Spectacle
3137:
3128:
3105:
2162:. Cornell University Press.
1990:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1178:Vandekerckhove, Wim (2006).
1029: – Ancient Roman virtue
408:The proper object of loyalty
224:". One who is loyal, in the
43:Schoolchildren reciting the
3234:
3071:
3048:
2287:Bushido: The Warrior's Code
2245:The Philosophical Quarterly
1730:Nathanson, Stephen (1993).
1511:The moral status of loyalty
1469:The Philosophical Quarterly
1217:]: The Bushidō Ideal".
554:Blood is thicker than water
434:The Moral Status of Loyalty
412:Ladd and others, including
362:City University of New York
356:John Kleinig, professor of
172:). On the other hand, the "
4906:
2207:Journal of Business Ethics
2190:(1st ed.). Springer.
2074:Rogers, Katharine (2010),
1052:Collins English Dictionary
885:
767:
736:
710:
612:
313:Encyclopedia of Philosophy
106:
29:
4839:
4731:Intellectuals and Society
4681:The Culture of Narcissism
2354:The Journal of Philosophy
2331:The Philosophy of Loyalty
2309:The Philosophy of Loyalty
1986:Berman, Louis A. (1997).
1840:– via Google Books.
1818:– via Google Books.
1803:New York Jurisprudence 2d
1796:– via Google Books.
1774:– via Google Books.
1328:The Philosophy of Loyalty
1295:The Philosophy of Loyalty
1266:The philosophy of loyalty
1113:Western Political Thought
1078:White, Edward J. (2000).
1047:"Definition of 'loyalty'"
912:norm of social commitment
297:The Philosophy of Loyalty
47:to the United States flag
4721:The Malaise of Modernity
4671:The History of Sexuality
3770:Catholic social teaching
2188:The Sociology of Loyalty
1889:10.1177/0092070394222001
1395:Martin, Mike W. (1994).
1219:Philosophy East and West
32:Loyalty (disambiguation)
4801:Philosophy of education
2327:Sorley, William Ritchie
2305:Sorley, William Ritchie
2219:10.1023/A:1021370727220
1159:Encyclopædia Britannica
745:University of Greenwich
480:Northeastern University
203:
182:Encyclopædia Britannica
3740:
3694:
3680:
3463:
3447:
3399:
3376:
3367:
3358:
1590:The ethics of policing
1587:Kleinig, John (1996).
1568:(1973). "Loyalty". In
1509:Baron, Marcia (1984).
943:
816:
770:Loyalty business model
757:Wayne State University
541:choose to desert them.
214:
48:
4806:Philosophy of history
4796:Philosophy of culture
4691:A Conflict of Visions
2952:Righteous indignation
1959:Conrad, Mark (2011).
991:, the righteous King
929:
808:
789:A similar concept is
164:), who, according to
107:Further information:
42:
4811:Political philosophy
4611:Democracy in America
2470:Bodhipakkhiyā dhammā
1659:Benn, Piers (1998).
1299:Philosophical Review
647:improve this article
341:The American College
45:Pledge of Allegiance
30:For other uses, see
4651:One-Dimensional Man
2540:Theological virtues
2443:Positive psychology
2329:(2000). "Review of
2314:The Hibbert Journal
2307:(1908). "Review of
2061:Theism and Humanism
2015:Bennett, William J.
445:evolutionary tactic
390:professional ethics
98:Historical concepts
4880:Concepts in ethics
4771:Cultural pessimism
4766:Cultural criticism
3665:National character
2972:Self-transcendence
2564:Individual virtues
2508:Nine Noble Virtues
2437:Nicomachean Ethics
1566:Konvitz, Milton R.
944:
817:
727:New York State law
174:Render unto Caesar
170:Leviticus 25:44–46
49:
4852:
4851:
4568:
4567:
3713:Spontaneous order
3703:Social alienation
3552:Cultural heritage
3513:Social philosophy
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
2626:Conscientiousness
2493:Epistemic virtues
2344:978-1-85506-833-9
2296:978-0-89750-031-9
2197:978-0-387-71367-0
2169:978-0-8014-8780-4
2046:Social Psychology
1741:978-0-8476-7800-6
1625:. 1 December 2007
1604:978-0-521-48433-6
1548:978-1-4020-4983-5
1520:978-0-8403-3423-7
1431:978-90-420-1635-4
1406:978-0-253-33677-4
1341:978-1-85506-833-9
1197:978-0-7546-4750-8
1122:978-81-7156-683-9
1097:978-1-58477-076-3
966:; and Foxie, the
908:Social psychology
888:Misplaced loyalty
867:According to the
810:Abraham and Isaac
719:faithless servant
713:Faithless servant
679:
678:
671:
414:Milton R. Konvitz
268:), Benevolence, (
148:Gospel of Matthew
80:political science
16:(Redirected from
4897:
4816:Social criticism
4736:
4726:
4716:
4706:
4696:
4686:
4676:
4666:
4656:
4646:
4636:
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4616:
4606:
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4586:
3822:
3804:Frankfurt School
3782:Communitarianism
3745:
3699:
3685:
3506:
3499:
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3404:
3381:
3372:
3363:
3239:
3142:
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3110:
3076:
3053:
3038:
2967:Self-cultivation
2520:Prussian virtues
2483:Cardinal virtues
2405:
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2252:(169): 403–419.
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1570:Philip P. Wiener
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952:Greyfriars Bobby
832:binding of Isaac
784:loyalty programs
674:
667:
663:
660:
654:
627:
626:
619:
510:Other dimensions
488:non-exclusionary
337:
308:Brown University
219:
208:
184:Eleventh Edition
21:
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4900:
4899:
4898:
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4835:
4761:Critical theory
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3977:
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3765:Budapest School
3753:
3542:Cosmopolitanism
3515:
3510:
3480:
3471:
3414:
3332:
3159:
3086:
3036:
2559:
2545:Three Treasures
2462:Virtue families
2457:
2431:Moral character
2414:
2409:
2366:10.2307/2022080
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2148:Further reading
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1152:, ed. (1911). "
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689:professionalism
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649:by introducing
640:
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611:
606:
514:In addition to
512:
476:
410:
370:John Galsworthy
335:
290:
288:Modern concepts
280:), and Honour (
254:
123:
105:
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35:
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23:
22:
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12:
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4711:Gender Trouble
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4641:The Second Sex
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2578:
2573:
2571:Accountability
2567:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2473:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2349:
2343:
2301:
2295:
2282:
2270:
2239:
2202:
2196:
2183:
2174:
2168:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2138:book 17, ch. 3
2123:
2092:
2087:978-1450208734
2086:
2066:
2051:
2048:. p. 390.
2036:
2029:
2003:
1996:
1978:
1971:
1951:
1902:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1842:
1820:
1798:
1776:
1770:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1705:
1698:
1676:
1669:
1651:
1636:
1610:
1603:
1579:
1554:
1547:
1526:
1519:
1494:
1455:
1437:
1430:
1412:
1405:
1387:
1347:
1340:
1282:
1275:
1252:
1225:(4): 511–527.
1203:
1196:
1165:
1150:Chisholm, Hugh
1128:
1121:
1103:
1096:
1070:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1016:
1013:
940:Edwin Landseer
923:
920:
886:Main article:
883:
880:
847:burnt offering
802:
799:
768:Main article:
765:
762:
739:Whistleblowing
737:Main article:
734:
733:Whistleblowing
731:
721:doctrine is a
711:Main article:
708:
705:
677:
676:
645:. Please help
631:
629:
622:
613:Main article:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
600:
592:
586:
585:
581:
573:
572:
564:
558:
557:
549:
543:
542:
529:
511:
508:
475:
472:
409:
406:
394:whistleblowing
289:
286:
276:), Sincerity (
253:
250:
109:Semper fidelis
104:
101:
99:
96:
92:naturalization
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4902:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4875:Personal life
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4826:Social theory
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4703:
4702:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4683:
4682:
4678:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4480:Radhakrishnan
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4241:20th and 21st
4239:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4033:18th and 19th
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3507:
3502:
3500:
3495:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2992:Sportsmanship
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2957:Righteousness
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2870:Nonattachment
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:Seven virtues
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2477:Brahmavihārās
2474:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2453:Virtue ethics
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:About virtues
2417:
2413:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2360:(3): 99–103.
2359:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:Reprinted as
2320:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2276:(June 1999).
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2124:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2080:, iUniverse,
2079:
2078:
2070:
2067:
2063:. p. 65.
2062:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2040:
2037:
2032:
2030:0-684-83577-0
2026:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1997:1-56821-899-0
1993:
1989:
1982:
1979:
1974:
1972:9780415876520
1968:
1964:
1963:
1955:
1952:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1925:(5): 473–86.
1924:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1883:(2): 99–113.
1882:
1878:
1871:
1868:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1771:9781543801064
1767:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1699:9781139494359
1695:
1690:
1689:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1670:1-85728-453-4
1666:
1662:
1655:
1652:
1647:
1640:
1637:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1583:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1475:(70): 77–79.
1474:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:reprinted as
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1276:0-8265-1267-4
1272:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1261:Royce, Josiah
1256:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1145:public domain
1132:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1074:
1071:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
989:
983:
981:
980:Lake District
977:
973:
972:Charles Gough
970:belonging to
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
941:
937:
933:
932:Charles Gough
928:
921:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
903:
899:
895:
894:organisations
889:
881:
879:
877:
874:
870:
869:New Testament
865:
863:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
837:
833:
829:
826:
822:
821:Old Testament
815:
811:
807:
800:
798:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
776:Brand loyalty
771:
763:
761:
758:
753:
750:
749:bidirectional
746:
740:
732:
730:
728:
724:
720:
714:
706:
704:
702:
696:
694:
690:
685:
673:
670:
662:
652:
648:
644:
638:
637:
636:single source
632:This section
630:
621:
620:
616:
608:
603:
597:
593:
591:
588:
587:
582:
580:
579:
575:
574:
570:
565:
563:
560:
559:
555:
552:with basis. "
550:
548:
545:
544:
540:
535:
530:
528:
525:
524:
523:
521:
517:
509:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
490:; and can be
489:
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473:
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469:
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451:Immanuel Kant
448:
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423:
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407:
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403:
402:virtue theory
399:
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378:loyalty oaths
375:
374:Joseph Conrad
371:
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333:Encyclopaedia
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3999:Guicciardini
3982:Early modern
3818:Philosophers
3792:Conservatism
3787:Confucianism
3775:Distributism
3708:Social norms
3696:Sittlichkeit
3682:Ressentiment
3637:
3628:Institutions
3606:Human nature
3455:
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3012:Tranquillity
2962:Self-control
2932:Renunciation
2890:Philanthropy
2885:Perspicacity
2845:Magnificence
2834:
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2778:Impartiality
2698:Faithfulness
2586:Authenticity
2512:
2498:Five virtues
2475:
2468:
2448:Trait theory
2435:
2357:
2353:
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2274:Kim Dae-jung
2249:
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2114:. Retrieved
2106:The Guardian
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2077:First Friend
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425:
421:
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386:Josiah Royce
355:
351:
346:summum bonum
344:
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330:
320:, including
311:
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293:Josiah Royce
291:
272:), Respect (
264:), Courage (
255:
241:
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166:Biblical law
145:
134:
131:dual loyalty
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51:
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4786:Historicism
4615:(1835–1840)
4581:De Officiis
4305:de Beauvoir
4275:Baudrillard
4227:Vivekananda
4217:Tocqueville
4132:Kierkegaard
3948:Ibn Khaldun
3918:Alpharabius
3809:Personalism
3718:Stewardship
3675:Reification
3670:Natural law
3591:Familialism
3557:Culturalism
3032:Workmanship
2922:Punctuality
2840:Magnanimity
2763:Hospitality
2713:Forgiveness
2658:Discernment
2616:Cleanliness
2133:Mahabharata
2116:25 November
1825:Labor Cases
1623:Breed Bites
988:Mahabharata
946:Animals as
795:sports team
791:fan loyalty
659:August 2023
318:nationalism
220:, meaning "
4859:Categories
4791:Humanities
4751:Agnotology
4410:Kołakowski
3973:Ibn Tufayl
3953:Maimonides
3897:Thucydides
3892:Tertullian
3847:Lactantius
3742:Volksgeist
3723:Traditions
3537:Convention
3345:Auctoritas
3193:Aparigraha
3172:Adhiṭṭhāna
3154:Sophrosyne
3122:Eutrapelia
3007:Temperance
2987:Solidarity
2977:Simplicity
2937:Resilience
2912:Politeness
2880:Patriotism
2860:Moderation
2733:Good faith
2723:Generosity
2683:Equanimity
2663:Discipline
2621:Compassion
2108:. London.
1944:6 February
1629:23 January
1063:15 October
1034:References
936:Attachment
922:In animals
707:Employment
615:Patriotism
609:Patriotism
578:legitimacy
569:constraint
500:disloyalty
398:friendship
382:patriotism
358:philosophy
242:Britannica
238:allegiance
200:Old French
196:Britannica
125:Classical
64:philosophy
18:Disloyalty
4831:Sociology
4781:Historism
4490:Santayana
4460:Oakeshott
4430:MacIntyre
4415:Kropotkin
4390:Heidegger
4243:centuries
4157:Nietzsche
4122:Jefferson
4107:Helvétius
4072:Condorcet
4035:centuries
4019:Montaigne
3842:Confucius
3832:Augustine
3749:Worldview
3643:Modernity
3616:Formation
3393:Humanitas
3139:Phronesis
3130:Philotimo
2982:Sincerity
2947:Reverence
2815:Judgement
2803:Emotional
2793:Integrity
2783:Innocence
2738:Gratitude
2718:Frugality
2708:Foresight
2688:Etiquette
2678:Endurance
2653:Diligence
2576:Alertness
2525:Scout Law
2426:Endowment
2235:154177012
2227:0167-4544
1857:15 August
1836:15 August
1814:15 August
1792:15 August
1380:11 August
1364:"Loyalty"
1263:(1995) .
1239:0031-8221
976:Helvellyn
954:, a Skye
916:Humanists
898:respected
882:Misplaced
814:Rembrandt
764:Marketing
701:unlimited
693:contracts
684:mercenary
651:citations
643:talk page
520:exclusion
468:good will
464:good will
430:monograph
418:object of
366:Aeschylus
252:East Asia
228:sense of
159:Ephesians
139:, one of
136:Euthyphro
4870:Emotions
4844:Category
4756:Axiology
4744:See also
4535:Voegelin
4525:Spengler
4500:Shariati
4455:Nussbaum
4440:Maritain
4400:Irigaray
4380:Habermas
4345:Foucault
4330:Durkheim
4232:Voltaire
4197:de Staël
4172:Rousseau
4097:Franklin
3958:Muhammad
3943:Gelasius
3928:Avempace
3911:Medieval
3887:Polybius
3882:Plutarch
3648:Morality
3623:Ideology
3611:Identity
3520:Concepts
3386:Gravitas
3369:Dignitas
3115:Ataraxia
2997:Sympathy
2927:Religion
2917:Prudence
2875:Patience
2850:Meekness
2825:Kindness
2773:Humility
2768:Humanity
2703:Fidelity
2648:Courtesy
2611:Chivalry
2606:Chastity
2596:Charisma
2591:Calmness
2581:Altruism
2110:Archived
2017:(1995).
1935:Archived
1897:55369763
1851:Archived
1830:Archived
1808:Archived
1786:Archived
1374:Archived
1190:et seq.
1057:Archived
1015:See also
902:betrayed
855:Potiphar
723:doctrine
596:subjects
590:attitude
547:strength
534:Socrates
496:multiple
368:through
326:idealism
282:名誉 meiyo
278:誠 makoto
117:Fidelity
56:devotion
4585:(44 BC)
4515:Sombart
4510:Skinner
4495:Scruton
4475:Polanyi
4450:Niebuhr
4435:Marcuse
4370:Gramsci
4365:Gentile
4325:Du Bois
4315:Deleuze
4285:Benoist
4255:Agamben
4212:Thoreau
4202:Stirner
4192:Spencer
4142:Le Play
4092:Fourier
4077:Emerson
4062:Carlyle
4047:Bentham
4024:Müntzer
3994:Erasmus
3968:Plethon
3963:Photios
3923:Aquinas
3857:Mencius
3825:Ancient
3758:Schools
3638:Loyalty
3596:History
3584:Counter
3579:Culture
3547:Customs
3441:Sadaqah
3427:Ganbaru
3360:Decorum
3352:Caritas
3307:Śraddhā
3293:Shaucha
3258:Kshanti
3186:Akrodha
3041:Chinese
2942:Respect
2865:Modesty
2835:Loyalty
2820:Justice
2788:Insight
2748:Honesty
2743:Heroism
2673:Empathy
2631:Courage
2601:Charity
2514:Pāramīs
2412:Virtues
2374:2022080
2266:2220283
1849:. CNN.
1572:(ed.).
1489:2218042
1319:2177218
1247:1399355
1154:Loyalty
1147::
1009:epithet
1001:abandon
985:In the
978:in the
968:spaniel
960:Hachiko
956:terrier
859:Genesis
843:Abraham
836:Genesis
258:Bushido
246:monarch
205:loialte
188:loyalty
146:In the
127:tragedy
121:Tryggvi
60:country
52:Loyalty
4890:Virtue
4776:Ethics
4735:(2010)
4725:(1991)
4715:(1990)
4705:(1987)
4695:(1987)
4685:(1979)
4675:(1976)
4665:(1967)
4655:(1964)
4645:(1949)
4635:(1935)
4625:(1930)
4605:(1756)
4595:(1486)
4540:Walzer
4530:Taylor
4520:Sowell
4505:Simmel
4470:Pareto
4465:Ortega
4375:Guénon
4360:Gehlen
4355:Gandhi
4310:Debord
4295:Butler
4290:Berlin
4280:Bauman
4270:Badiou
4260:Arendt
4250:Adorno
4182:Ruskin
4137:Le Bon
4112:Herder
4087:Fichte
4082:Engels
4052:Bonald
4042:Arnold
4014:Milton
4009:Luther
3989:Calvin
3867:Origen
3837:Cicero
3797:Social
3733:Family
3728:Values
3689:Rights
3653:Public
3601:Honour
3532:Anomie
3527:Agency
3409:Virtus
3401:Pietas
3320:Upekṣā
3313:Saddhā
3279:Prajñā
3272:Muditā
3251:Kshama
3244:Karuṇā
3207:Asteya
3200:Ārjava
3179:Ahimsa
3164:Indian
3147:Sophia
3022:Wisdom
2900:Filial
2808:Social
2753:Honour
2372:
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1005:Dharma
942:, 1829
851:Joseph
828:116:15
825:Psalms
599:other.
516:number
492:single
459:virtue
438:solely
400:, and
322:Nazism
301:virtue
234:outlaw
230:fealty
226:feudal
155:wealth
119:, and
84:nation
68:person
4573:Works
4560:Žižek
4545:Weber
4485:Röpke
4445:Negri
4425:Lasch
4395:Hoppe
4350:Fromm
4340:Evola
4320:Dewey
4300:Camus
4207:Taine
4187:Smith
4177:Royce
4167:Renan
4102:Hegel
4067:Comte
4057:Burke
4004:Locke
3938:Dante
3933:Bruni
3902:Xunzi
3877:Plato
3872:Philo
3852:Laozi
3660:Mores
3572:Multi
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3465:Virtù
3419:Other
3378:Fides
3337:Latin
3327:Vīrya
3286:Satya
3265:Mettā
3228:Dhṛti
3107:Arete
3099:Agape
3091:Greek
3017:Trust
3002:Taste
2895:Piety
2855:Mercy
2728:Glory
2693:Faith
2641:Moral
2636:Civil
2555:Yamas
2370:JSTOR
2262:JSTOR
2231:S2CID
1938:(PDF)
1915:(PDF)
1893:S2CID
1485:JSTOR
1315:JSTOR
1243:JSTOR
997:Indra
964:death
934:, in
900:, is
873:James
780:brand
562:scope
527:basis
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274:礼 rei
270:仁 jin
211:Latin
141:Plato
58:to a
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4152:Mill
4147:Marx
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3862:Mozi
3567:Mono
3457:Sisu
3449:Seny
3434:Giri
3300:Sevā
3221:Dāna
3058:Jing
2907:Pity
2830:Love
2758:Hope
2668:Duty
2339:ISBN
2291:ISBN
2223:ISSN
2192:ISBN
2164:ISBN
2118:2008
2082:ISBN
2025:ISBN
1992:ISBN
1967:ISBN
1946:2015
1859:2019
1838:2019
1816:2019
1794:2019
1766:ISBN
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