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658:, celebrating regional wine making and offering a Baroque dining experience. Permanent exhibitions at several locations inside the fortress cover the 5000 years of history of Ehrenbreitstein. There are also gastronomic establishments. The Koblenz youth hostel, with 157 beds, still occupies part of Ehrenbreitstein. The fortress serves as a venue for various cultural activities, such as open-air concerts and plays.
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Ehrenbreitstein, the hill on which the eponymous fortress is now located, was first settled in the 4th millennium BC, and fortifications were built in the 10th/9th century BC. In the 3rd to 5th centuries AD a Roman fortification was sited there. More settlement followed in the 8th/9th centuries under
578:
Under a peace treaty France paid 15 million francs towards a new fortress. Actual construction took from 1817 to 1828, and it was ready for service by 1834. Subsequently expanded several times, by 1886 Koblenz was classified as a fortification "of lesser importance". After the
Koblenz fortifications
566:
became a
Prussian province. The fortification of the Koblenz area became a Prussian military priority, because of its proximity to France and the fact that Koblenz was a bottleneck for all means of transportation (ships, railways, land transportation because of bridges). Hence, the Prussians built a
505:, from 1657 to 1794. Successive Archbishops used the fortress' strategic importance to barter between contending powers; thus in 1672 at the outset of war between France and Germany the Archbishop refused requests both from the envoys of Louis XIV and from Brandenburg's Ambassador, Christoph Caspar
543:, the French were eventually forced to withdraw from the right bank of the Rhine. Hence, they blew up Ehrenbreitstein in 1801 to prevent the enemy from taking hold of a fully functional fortress just a few meters away from French territory on the left bank of the Rhine.
571:("Fortress Koblenz"), from 1815 until 1834. This referred to the strong ring of fortifications around Koblenz, of which the Festung Ehrenbreitstein was a part. Fortress Koblenz was said to have been the largest military fortress in Europe except for
289:
769:. In April 2017, the painting was in a private collection and had an estimated value of £15m-£25m. Turner also painted a series of watercolors depicting views of the fortress and environs, some of which are held by the
535:
However, in 1794, French revolutionary troops conquered
Koblenz; in the following years they besieged Ehrenbreitstein three times without success. But a one-year siege, starting in 1798 during the
642:
The fortress is open to visitors. It is connected to the town of
Koblenz across the Rhine by a cable car and by an inclined lift to the foot of the hill. Ehrenbreitstein houses several museums:
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As the vine flourishes, and the grape empurples close up to the very walls and muzzles of cannoned
Ehrenbreitstein; so do the sweetest joys of life grow in the very jaws of its perils. (
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in 1947. In 1946–1950 it served as a refugee camp and then as residential housing, during the period of housing shortages from the early 1950s into the 1960s. In 1952, a
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598:. In February 1923, Allen left the fortress, and the first U.S. occupation of European territory was over. After January 1923, Ehrenbreitstein was occupied by the
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During the 16th century, work began to turn the castle into a fortress that could withstand the new gunpowder weapons. One of the first cannon was the 9 ton
909:
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1102:
Archäologische
Untersuchungen im Bereich der "Großen Traverse" auf der Festung Ehrenbreitstein, Koblenz (German); in: Archäologie in Rheinland-Pfalz 2004
401:
758:
Byron in fact refers to the previous structure, destroyed by the French, since the new fortification was only constructed after he wrote these lines.
590:, convinced of its historical value as a premier 19th-century fortress, prevented its intended destruction in 1922. It was occupied after 1919 by the
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west of the Rhine were dismantled in 1890–1903, the fortress and some lesser structures on the east bank alone covered the Rhine crossing until 1918.
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Occupying the position of an earlier fortress destroyed by the French in 1801, it was built as the backbone of the regional fortification system,
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In about 1000 a noble called
Ehrenbert (or Erembert) erected a castle on the hill. Its initial name "Burg Ehrenbertstein" later became
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and the Rhine. The peak of the hill, which shares the name, is 118 metres above the Rhine. It is the northernmost point of the
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Die
Bergung von Kulturgütern auf der Festung Ehrenbreitstein (German); in: Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte 26
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789:(German Corner). Both fortress and monument were considered as symbols for the "Guard at the Rhine", as in the song "
609:, the fortress served as a place of safekeeping for archives and cultural objects (1943–56) but also harbored three
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During its years of active service, the fortress was never attacked. It escaped being dismantled after the end of
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1000:
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628:(a memorial to the dead of the German army) was inaugurated. In 2011, Festung Ehrenbreitstein was part of the
524:, a third ring of fortifications. France did succeed in taking it in 1759, but only held it for three years.
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View of
Ehrenbreitstein, or The Bright Stone of Honour and the Tomb of Marceau, from Byron's 'Childe Harold'
487:
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Als
Wallhausen Preußens Armee mobilmachte (German); in: Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte 35
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After World War II, the fortress was used by the French Army, before it was handed over to the
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between 1817 and 1828 and guarded the middle Rhine region, an area that had been invaded by
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The castle was first mentioned in an extant written document in 1139, as a property of the
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684:...this pulpit, I see, is a self-containing stronghold —a lofty Ehrenbreitstein...
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was erected right below the Festung, but on the west side of the Rhine, known as the
634:(National Garden Show) in Koblenz, following a multi-year restoration in 2007–2011.
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American flag from the previous occupation being raised once more at Koblenz in 1945
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as a result of its perceived historical and artistic value. The American General
812:. The Site includes as its northernmost point the fortress of Ehrenbreitstein.
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constructed in 1625–1629. The fortress was further improved by his successors
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913:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 130–131.
793:". Today the Ehrenbreitstein Fortress is used for concerts and as a museum.
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692:
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The Watch on the Rhine: The Military Occupation of the Rhineland, 1918-1930
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Neue Forschungen zur Festung Koblenz und Ehrenbreitstein, Band 3 (German)
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Neue Forschungen zur Festung Koblenz und Ehrenbreitstein, Band 2 (German)
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Neue Forschungen zur Festung Koblenz und Ehrenbreitstein, Band 1 (German)
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870:. Schnell + Steiner/Rheinland-Pfalz Generaldirektion Kulturelles Erbe.
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Ehrenbreitstein guarded the most valuable relic of the Trier See, the
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999:. Generaldirektion Kulturelles Erbe Rheinland-Pfalz. Archived from
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Deutsche Gesellschaft für Festungsforschung e. V.(ed.) (2012).
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completed a major painting inspired by Byron's work, entitled
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In 1688, the fortress successfully withstood a siege by King
457:
to the south. It was further extended by Archbishop Henry of
338:
repeatedly before. The Prussian fortress was never attacked.
575:. Ehrenbreitstein could be defended by up to 1200 soldiers.
1193:
Burgen, Schlösser, Altertümer Rheinland-Pfalz(ed.) (2006).
1147:
Burgen, Schlösser, Altertümer Rheinland-Pfalz(ed.) (2005).
967:"DJH Youth Hostel Koblenz in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany"
928:
American Soldiers Overseas: The Global Military Presence
490:. In 1632, it was occupied by the French and in 1637 by
1023:"Turner's German masterpiece to be auctioned in London"
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And laid those proud roofs bare to Summer's rain—
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In 1822, the English translation of the castle's name,
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was opened, followed by a museum in 1956. In 1972, the
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On which the iron shower for years had pour'd in vain.
567:
system of fortification around Koblenz, the so-called
472:. At the foot of the hill, protected by the fortress,
357:
Ehrenbreitstein is located on the eastern bank of the
509:, to permit the passage of troops across the Rhine.
1123:. Landesarchivverwaltung Koblenz. pp. 521–558.
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262:Festung Ehrenbreitstein viewed from Koblenz (2011)
341:Since 2002, Ehrenbreitstein has been part of the
1344:Ehrenbreitstein official website (mostly German)
739:But Peace destroy'd what War could never blight,
100:
70:
449:expanded it in 1152–1169. A supporting castle (
417:(Ehrenmal des Deutschen Heeres) in the Fortress
731:Yet shows of what she was, when shell and ball
1051:"Turner Collection – Display at Tate Britain"
868:Festung Ehrenbreitstein - Kurzführer (German)
729:Black with the miner's blast, upon her height
727:Here Ehrenbreitstein, with her shattered wall
8:
737:Of baffled foes was watch'd along the plain:
392:View of Koblenz from Festung Ehrenbreitstein
1406:Tourist attractions in Rhineland-Palatinate
861:
735:A tower of victory! from whence the flight
733:Rebounding idly on her strength did light;
29:
1230:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1184:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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373:. It overlooks the confluence of the
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1391:Buildings and structures in Koblenz
997:"Official website (mostly German)"
25:
1132:. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg.
594:as their headquarters during the
453:) was built on the hill known as
283:[ˌfɛstʊŋˈeːʁənbʁaɪtʃtaɪn]
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1130:Festung Ehrenbreitstein (German)
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83:Show map of Rhineland-Palatinate
69:
62:
45:
1411:Museums in Rhineland-Palatinate
1396:Castles in Rhineland-Palatinate
1:
1104:. Verlag Phillip von Zabern.
626:Ehrenmal des Deutschen Heeres
618:State of Rhineland-Palatinate
531:Fortress Ehrenbreitstein 1800
1308:Die Festung Koblenz (German)
1306:Wischemann, Rüdiger (1978).
474:Philipp Christoph von Sötern
27:Fortress in Koblenz, Germany
672:, was used as the title of
596:Occupation of the Rhineland
558:Under the Final Act of the
537:War of the Second Coalition
1427:
1128:Böckling, Manfred (2004).
1119:Böckling, Manfred (2009).
866:Böckling, Manfred (2011).
752:Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
317:, overlooking the town of
313:where it is joined by the
309:, on the east bank of the
226:Cultural: (ii)(iv)(v)
204:UNESCO World Heritage Site
196:UNESCO World Heritage Site
1278:Pawley, Margaret (2008).
827:Prussian semaphore system
803:Upper Middle Rhine Valley
669:The Broad-Stone of Honour
484:Karl Kaspar von der Leyen
383:Upper Middle Rhine Valley
347:Upper Middle Rhine Valley
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215:Upper Middle Rhine Valley
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56:
44:
37:
1337:Ehrenbreitstein Fortress
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461:in 1286, and Archbishop
267:Ehrenbreitstein Fortress
107:Ehrenbreitstein Fortress
77:Ehrenbreitstein Fortress
33:Ehrenbreitstein Fortress
1100:von Berg, Axel (2005).
910:Encyclopædia Britannica
904:"Ehrenbreitstein"
776:In 1897, a monument to
721:View of Ehrenbreitstein
488:Johann Hugo von Orsbeck
275:Festung Ehrenbreitstein
39:Festung Ehrenbreitstein
924:Baker, Anni P (2004).
724:
676:'s exhaustive work on
650:(archaeology) and the
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418:
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1339:at Wikimedia Commons
1243:. Schnell + Steiner.
1197:. Schnell + Steiner.
1151:. Schnell + Steiner.
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404:
391:
261:
1401:Landmarks in Germany
1367:50.36500°N 7.61528°E
1297:Weiß, Petra (2000).
1003:on 23 September 2015
652:Landesmuseum Koblenz
648:Haus der Archäologie
436:Burg Ehrenbreitstein
381:World Heritage Site
367:Rhineland-Palatinate
345:World Heritage Site
307:Rhineland-Palatinate
1363: /
1301:. pp. 421–452.
977:on 23 December 2017
932:. Praeger. p.
810:World Heritage Site
797:World Heritage Site
662:Cultural references
644:Haus der Fotografie
588:Henry Tureman Allen
541:Treaty of Lunéville
514:Louis XIV of France
443:Archbishop of Trier
429:Carolingian dynasty
422:Previous structures
175: /
123:General information
113:Show map of Germany
1269:has generic name (
1223:has generic name (
1177:has generic name (
956:Pawley (2007) p.88
791:Die Wacht am Rhein
725:
674:Kenelm Henry Digby
613:guns (1943–1945).
560:Congress of Vienna
533:
494:troops during the
419:
407:
394:
264:
1372:50.36500; 7.61528
1335:Media related to
1289:978-1-84511-457-2
971:DJH Youth Hostels
877:978-3-7954-6394-6
755:Canto III, v.58)
656:Haus des Genusses
631:Bundesgartenschau
518:Balthasar Neumann
496:Thirty Years' War
447:Archbishop Hillin
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413:Memorial of the
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1031:. April 4, 2017
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516:. Around 1730,
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