364:
40:
264:
379:
413:, his initial example being a culture or sub-culture in Scandinavian archaeology, that would not be often called Epipalaeolithic today. This left stone-lined pit graves containing implements of bone, such as harpoon and javelin heads. Stjerna observed that they "persisted during the recent Paleolithic period and also during the Protoneolithic". Here he had used a new term, "Protoneolithic", which was according to him to be applied to the Danish
322:
In the language of
Prehistorical Archaeology, the most extended trend is to use the term "Epipaleolithic" for the industrial complexes of the post-glacial hunter-gatherer groups. Inversely, those that are in transitional ways towards artificial production of food are inscribed in the
340:
or environmental modification" seen in the culture. If the
Palaeolithic way of life continues with only adaptation to reflect changes in the types of wild food available, the culture may be called Epipalaeolithic. One writer, talking of Azilian
327:
In Europe, the
Epipalaeolithic may be regarded as a period preceding the Early Mesolithic, or as locally constituting at least a part of it. Other authors treat the Epipalaeolithic as part of the Late Palaeolithic; the culture in southern
159:
also falls between these two periods, and the two are sometimes confused or used as synonyms. More often, they are distinct, referring to approximately the same period of time in different geographic areas. Epipaleolithic always includes
363:
307:. In the past, French archaeologists had a general tendency to prefer the term "Epipaleolithic" to "Mesolithic", even for Western Europe. Where "Epipaleolithic" is still used for Europe, it is generally for areas close to the
432:
Par époque épipaléolithique j'entends la période qui, pendant les premiers temps qui ont suivi l'âge du Renne, conserve les coutumes paléolithiques. Cette période présente deux étapes en
Scandinavie, celle de Maglemose et de
429:
With
Epipaleolithic I mean the period during the early days that followed the age of the reindeer, the one that retained Paleolithic customs. This period has two stages in Scandinavia, that of Maglemose and that of Kunda.
807:
But in my opinion this term is not justified, as it would be if these phases presented a natural evolutionary development – a progressive transformation from
Paleolithic to Neolithic. In reality, the final phase of the
803:(translated into English in 1924) as part of an attack on the concept of the Mesolithic, which he insisted was a period of "transition" and an "interim" rather than "transformation":
782:
828:
This early history of the term introduced the ambiguity and degree of confusion which has continued to surround its use, at least as relates to the archaeology of Europe.
1286:
3044:
2785:
2381:
279:
In describing the period before the start of the
Neolithic, "Epipaleolithic" is typically used for cultures in regions that were far from the glaciers of the
3000:
2509:
2832:
2283:
775:
795:
Stjerna made no mention of the
Mesolithic, and it is unclear if he intended his terms to replace that. His new terms were soon adopted by the German
39:
768:
1279:
206:
to 10,000 BP in the Levant, but later in Europe. If used as a synonym or equivalent for
Mesolithic in Europe, it might end at about
1053:
A Handbook of
Archaeology: Cultures and Sites: North Africa, Egypt, Southwest Asia, Mediterranean, Northwest Europe, Northern Europe, ...
1239:
1225:
1124:
1088:
1064:
2410:
1316:
977:
2504:
287:. Conversely, the term "Mesolithic" is most likely to be used for Western Europe where climatic change and the extinction of the
336:". The different usages often reflect the degree of innovation and "economic intensification in the direction of domestication,
3029:
2420:
1458:
1272:
263:
1221:
1120:
1084:
1060:
1036:
853:
2642:
2172:
1432:
2637:
2177:
1650:
291:
had a great impact of the paleolithic populations at the end of the Ice Age, creating post-glacial cultures such as the
3156:
1603:
1500:
1164:, p. 12: "... a persisté pendant la période paléolithique récente et même pendant la période protonéolithique."
3151:
2905:
2706:
1047:"...there are no sites defining the transition from the Epipalaeolithic Azilian to the Early Mesolithic" – p. 249,
982:
964:
349:
talks of "some exceptions that seem to herald the coming of 'true' Mesolithic technologies a few centuries later".
2617:
2526:
667:
161:
216:
In the Levant, the period may be subdivided into Early, Middle and Late Epipaleolithic, the last also being the
3141:
2900:
1992:
1537:
628:
399:
49:
425:"). This "attached" and non-transitional culture he chose to call the Epipaleolithic, defining it as follows:
332:
between about 10,500 to 8,500 years ago is "variously labelled as 'Terminal Magdalenian' and 'Epipalaeolithic
3017:
2927:
2099:
1866:
1685:
1618:
1350:
318:"Epipalaeolithic" stresses the continuity with the Upper Paleolithic. Alfonso Moure says in this respect:
3105:
2979:
2585:
2476:
2464:
2160:
1901:
1740:
1377:
1311:
1295:
711:
577:
443:
283:, so that the retreat of the glaciers made a less dramatic change to conditions. This was the case in the
2047:
409:, the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic. It was first proposed in 1910 by the Swedish archaeologist,
2844:
2780:
2654:
2347:
2273:
2042:
1980:
1856:
1804:
1797:
1343:
108:
3061:
3056:
3039:
3034:
3012:
2802:
2516:
2369:
2261:
2165:
1958:
1643:
1613:
1442:
1385:
908:
729:
549:
414:
280:
268:
1012:) to emphasize its transitional importance, but the alternative term Epipaleolithic, used mostly in
421:). However, it was not intermediary and of its intermediates he said "we cannot discuss them here" (
3161:
3100:
2711:
2570:
2403:
1936:
1809:
1690:
1665:
724:
272:
188:
3051:
2954:
2856:
2669:
2064:
1851:
1581:
1547:
1000:, and the period between then and the origins of agriculture (at various times in the 7th to 4th
698:
531:
184:
378:
3146:
3093:
3083:
3073:
3022:
2679:
1891:
1876:
1861:
1841:
1732:
1711:
1522:
1365:
1235:
1217:
1195:
1128:
1116:
1080:
1056:
1032:
1005:
1004:, depending on location) was one of great environmental and cultural change. It is termed the
942:
924:
849:
657:
652:
647:
609:
604:
544:
506:
468:
405:
The concept of the "Epipalaeolithic" arrived several decades after the main components of the
383:
144:
112:
1243:
417:. Stjerna also said that the eastern culture "is attached to the Paleolithic civilization" (
3088:
2995:
2738:
2580:
2521:
2241:
2197:
1997:
1819:
1670:
1630:
1326:
1092:
1009:
932:
916:
683:
614:
406:
358:
217:
165:
3110:
2969:
2939:
2701:
2629:
2607:
2565:
2460:
2430:
2295:
2290:
1941:
1824:
1395:
1252:(1910). "Les groupes de civilisation en Scandinavie à l'époque des sépultures à galerie".
1048:
690:
642:
395:
346:
228:
45:
912:
3078:
3005:
2827:
2792:
2723:
2612:
2484:
2192:
1777:
1767:
1569:
1013:
937:
896:
796:
536:
203:
98:
359:
Three-age system § The Epipaleolithic and Protoneolithic of Stjerna and Obermaier
3135:
2964:
2949:
2895:
2770:
2758:
2674:
2597:
2425:
2386:
2374:
2362:
2074:
1985:
1914:
1655:
1598:
1576:
1485:
1417:
1412:
1390:
1188:
451:
308:
267:
The Epipaleolithic corresponds to the first period of progressive warming after the
251:
in wooden implements. There are settlements with "flimsy structures", probably not
180:, Epipalaeolithic is used, though not very often, to refer to the early Mesolithic.
2883:
2839:
2820:
2775:
2647:
2575:
2499:
2321:
2256:
2251:
2207:
1834:
1716:
1680:
1660:
1512:
1490:
1402:
1249:
813:
703:
591:
586:
522:
410:
300:
296:
168:, where Mesolithic is much more commonly used. Mesolithic very rarely includes the
2932:
1115:(2nd Edition), eds. Eric Delson, Ian Tattersall, et al., p. 236. 2004, Routledge,
2922:
2912:
2868:
2863:
2815:
2753:
2689:
2590:
2435:
2357:
2278:
2266:
2059:
2027:
2012:
2002:
1973:
1931:
1846:
1814:
1762:
1695:
1532:
1407:
821:
304:
87:
996:
The Scandinavian Ice Sheet itself started to retreat northward about 8300
3066:
2959:
2917:
2733:
2696:
2659:
2142:
2054:
1919:
1881:
1782:
1755:
1675:
1588:
1505:
1473:
1427:
1338:
1306:
716:
619:
596:
564:
492:
457:
367:
196:
192:
156:
61:
17:
928:
2974:
2873:
2765:
2743:
2728:
2543:
2326:
2311:
2236:
2219:
2137:
2022:
1953:
1948:
1871:
1750:
1638:
1564:
1331:
1321:
1001:
572:
499:
342:
337:
288:
252:
244:
173:
152:
148:
123:
76:
1232:
The Neolithic Revolution in the Near East: Transforming the Human Landscape
946:
1077:
In Search of the Broad Spectrum Revolution in Paleolithic Southwest Europe
2748:
2684:
2489:
2229:
2224:
2132:
2007:
1829:
1792:
1772:
1264:
755:
662:
634:
480:
387:
329:
240:
960:
2810:
2716:
2602:
2560:
2536:
2316:
2122:
2032:
1886:
1787:
1745:
1608:
1527:
1480:
1468:
817:
809:
371:
312:
292:
248:
221:
920:
824:
industries are the posthumous descendants of the Palaeolithic ...
2878:
2555:
2415:
2393:
2246:
2182:
2127:
1517:
1495:
1463:
1437:
746:
391:
284:
177:
169:
65:
271:. Evolution of temperatures in the Post-Glacial period according to
2944:
2664:
2548:
2398:
2352:
2214:
2069:
2017:
1963:
1593:
1559:
377:
362:
262:
236:
232:
897:"Mapping Post-Glacial expansions: The Peopling of Southwest Asia"
2890:
2851:
2531:
2331:
2187:
2117:
2037:
1909:
1422:
967:. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
515:
255:
except at some rich sites, but used and returned to seasonally.
2458:
2097:
1363:
1268:
895:
Zalloua, Pierre A.; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth (6 January 2017).
162:
this period in the Levant and, often, the rest of the Near East
2494:
2202:
1968:
1926:
997:
1016:, stresses the continuity with processes begun earlier.
220:. The preceding final Upper Paleolithic period is the
370:
tools from Ein Qashish South, Jezreel Valley, Israel,
419:"se trouve rattachée à la civilisation paléolithique"
2988:
2801:
2628:
2475:
2340:
2304:
2153:
2110:
1900:
1731:
1704:
1629:
1546:
1451:
1376:
183:The Epipalaeolithic has been defined as the "final
119:
104:
93:
82:
72:
57:
1187:
1103:Straus, Lawrence Guy, p. 310 in Bailey and Spikins
1140:Straus, Lawrence Guy, in Bailey and Spikins, 312
320:
191:which appear to merge technologically into the
1113:Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory
1075:referring to the Azilian: Jones, Emily Lena,
1280:
776:
187:industries occurring at the end of the final
8:
1194:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p.
235:, made relatively advanced tools from small
32:
374:and Geometric Kebaran, ca. 23,000-16.500 BP
2472:
2455:
2107:
2094:
1552:
1373:
1360:
1287:
1273:
1265:
783:
769:
438:
38:
936:
44:Epipalaeolithic stone mortar and pestle,
195:". The period is generally dated from
143:etc.) is a period occurring between the
1173:
1161:
1149:
1055:, Volume 1, 1996, Paul Astroms Forlag,
837:
450:
872:
870:
31:
1234:, 2007, University of Arizona Press,
7:
1216:, 2008, Cambridge University Press,
1212:Bailey, Geoff and Spikins, Penny,
25:
2411:Megalithic architectural elements
423:"nous ne pouvons pas examiner ici
224:or "Upper Paleolithic Stage VI".
164:. It sometimes includes parts of
3030:Evolutionary origin of religion
1131:(quoted); Bailey and Spikins, 4
1:
2643:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
2173:British megalith architecture
846:The Penguin Archaeology Guide
207:
2638:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
2178:Nordic megalith architecture
1079:, pp. 5–6, 2015, Springer,
848:, Penguin, London, p. 141.
799:, who in 1916 used them in
27:Period in Levantine history
3178:
2786:British Isles and Brittany
2707:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
356:
2471:
2454:
2106:
2093:
1555:
1372:
1359:
1302:
37:
1186:Obermaier, Hugo (1924).
400:Epipaleolithic Near East
213: BP or even later.
50:Epipaleolithic Near East
3018:Evolutionary musicology
2421:Oldest extant buildings
2348:Archaeological features
1867:Prepared-core technique
983:Encyclopædia Britannica
965:Encyclopædia Britannica
961:agriculture, origins of
2980:Unchambered long cairn
2828:Mound Builders culture
2161:Neolithic architecture
1296:Prehistoric technology
826:
712:Post-classical history
578:Cradle of civilization
437:
402:
375:
325:
276:
97:20,000 to 10,000
2655:List of Stone Age art
1857:Microblade technology
1805:Langdale axe industry
1403:Ard / plough
805:
427:
381:
366:
266:
109:Levantine Aurignacian
3062:Prehistoric medicine
3057:Prehistoric counting
3040:Prehistoric religion
3035:Paleolithic religion
3013:Behavioral modernity
2370:Causewayed enclosure
2262:Abri de la Madeleine
1386:Neolithic Revolution
1029:El Origen del Hombre
550:Behavioral modernity
269:Last Glacial Maximum
253:permanently occupied
131:In archaeology, the
3101:Prehistoric warfare
1847:Magdalenian culture
1810:Levallois technique
1741:Earliest toolmaking
1190:Fossil man in Spain
978:"History of Europe"
913:2017NatSR...740338P
629:Bronze Age collapse
353:History of the term
273:Greenland ice cores
34:
3157:Paleolithic Europe
3052:Origin of language
3045:Spiritual drug use
2955:Rectangular dolmen
2857:Dartmoor kistvaens
2670:Carved stone balls
2382:Circular enclosure
2341:Other architecture
2284:Alp pile dwellings
1872:Solutrean industry
1783:Gravettian culture
1433:Secondary products
1230:Simmons, Alan H.,
901:Scientific Reports
532:Middle Paleolithic
403:
386:, Ain Sakhri near
376:
277:
185:Upper Palaeolithic
73:Geographical range
3152:Upper Paleolithic
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3074:Prehistoric music
3023:music archaeology
2680:Cup and ring mark
2505:Clothing/textiles
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
1892:Yubetsu technique
1877:Striking platform
1842:Lithic technology
1727:
1726:
1712:Game drive system
1631:Projectile points
1523:Mortar and pestle
1214:Mesolithic Europe
1006:Mesolithic Period
921:10.1038/srep40338
820:and the northern
793:
792:
545:Upper Paleolithic
507:Lower Paleolithic
384:Ain Sakhri lovers
243:blades, known as
145:Upper Paleolithic
129:
128:
113:Upper Paleolithic
58:Alternative names
16:(Redirected from
3169:
3089:Divje Babe flute
2996:Archaeoastronomy
2739:Petrosomatoglyph
2473:
2456:
2305:Water management
2108:
2095:
1998:Denticulate tool
1820:Lithic reduction
1553:
1374:
1361:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1266:
1261:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1073:
1067:
1049:Thomas, Homer L.
1045:
1039:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1010:Middle Stone Age
993:
991:
974:
968:
959:Simmons, 46–48;
957:
951:
950:
940:
892:
886:
883:
877:
874:
865:
862:
856:
842:
785:
778:
771:
760:
759:
753:
745:
699:Earliest records
684:Recorded history
485:
484:
478:
467:
460:
439:
407:three-age system
335:
229:hunter-gatherers
227:Epipalaeolithic
212:
209:
201:
166:Southeast Europe
52:. 22000-18000 BP
42:
35:
21:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3142:Epipalaeolithic
3132:
3131:
3130:
3117:
2984:
2970:Stone box grave
2940:Megalithic tomb
2845:Cotswold-Severn
2797:
2702:Guardian stones
2630:Prehistoric art
2624:
2467:
2442:
2431:Timber trackway
2336:
2300:
2296:Wattle and daub
2149:
2128:Standing stones
2102:
2081:
1896:
1723:
1700:
1625:
1542:
1452:Food processing
1447:
1396:New World crops
1368:
1355:
1298:
1293:
1254:L'Anthropologie
1248:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1074:
1070:
1046:
1042:
1026:
1022:
989:
987:
976:
975:
971:
958:
954:
894:
893:
889:
884:
880:
875:
868:
863:
859:
843:
839:
834:
801:El Hombre fĂłsil
789:
751:
750:
749:
743:
738:
737:
734:
708:
691:Ancient history
686:
676:
675:
672:
624:
569:
560:Epipalaeolithic
528:
495:
476:
475:
474:
465:
455:
454:
415:kitchen-middens
396:Kebaran culture
361:
355:
347:Vasco-Cantabria
333:
261:
210:
199:
141:Epi-paleolithic
133:Epipalaeolithic
53:
46:Kebaran culture
33:Epipalaeolithic
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3175:
3173:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3134:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3103:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3079:Alligator drum
3071:
3070:
3069:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3006:lunar calendar
3003:
2992:
2990:
2989:Other cultural
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2807:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2793:Venus figurine
2790:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2724:Megalithic art
2721:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2682:
2677:
2675:Cave paintings
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2477:Material goods
2469:
2468:
2459:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2355:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2200:
2195:
2193:Cliff dwelling
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1778:Fire hardening
1775:
1770:
1768:Clovis culture
1765:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1737:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1691:Manis Mastodon
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1570:throwing stick
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1382:
1380:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1246:
1240:978-0816529667
1228:
1226:978-0521855037
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1133:
1125:978-1135582289
1105:
1096:
1089:978-3319223513
1068:
1065:978-9170811227
1040:
1020:
1014:eastern Europe
969:
952:
887:
885:Simmons, 48–49
878:
876:Simmons, 47–48
866:
857:
836:
835:
833:
830:
797:Hugo Obermaier
791:
790:
788:
787:
780:
773:
765:
762:
761:
756:Holocene epoch
740:
739:
736:
735:
733:
732:
727:
721:
719:
717:Modern history
714:
709:
707:
706:
701:
695:
693:
687:
682:
681:
678:
677:
674:
673:
671:
670:
665:
660:
658:Southeast Asia
655:
650:
645:
639:
637:
632:
625:
623:
622:
617:
612:
607:
601:
599:
594:
589:
583:
582:
581:
580:
575:
568:
567:
562:
556:
554:
553:
552:
547:
542:
534:
529:
527:
526:
519:
511:
509:
502:
496:
491:
490:
487:
486:
481:Pliocene epoch
462:
461:
448:
447:
357:Main article:
354:
351:
311:, as with the
260:
257:
137:Epipaleolithic
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
106:
102:
101:
95:
91:
90:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
59:
55:
54:
43:
26:
24:
18:Epipaleolithic
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3174:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2965:Simple dolmen
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:Passage grave
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2896:Gallery grave
2894:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2811:Burial mounds
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:Statue menhir
2769:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2759:Stone carving
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2598:Sewing needle
2596:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2426:Timber circle
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2375:Tor enclosure
2373:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2363:fulacht fiadh
2361:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1599:spear-thrower
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1577:Bow and arrow
1575:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1486:Grinding slab
1484:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1418:Domestication
1416:
1414:
1413:Digging stick
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1391:Founder crops
1389:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1332:New Stone Age
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1259:
1256:(in French).
1255:
1251:
1250:Stjerna, Knut
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
986:
984:
979:
973:
970:
966:
962:
956:
953:
948:
944:
939:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
891:
888:
882:
879:
873:
871:
867:
861:
858:
855:
851:
847:
841:
838:
831:
829:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
804:
802:
798:
786:
781:
779:
774:
772:
767:
766:
764:
763:
757:
748:
742:
741:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
694:
692:
689:
688:
685:
680:
679:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
638:
636:
633:
631:
630:
626:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
555:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
540:
535:
533:
530:
525:
524:
520:
518:
517:
513:
512:
510:
508:
505:
504:
503:
501:
498:
497:
494:
489:
488:
482:
473:
472:
464:
463:
459:
453:
452:Human history
449:
445:
441:
440:
436:
434:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
373:
369:
365:
360:
352:
350:
348:
344:
339:
331:
324:
323:"Mesolithic".
319:
316:
314:
310:
309:Mediterranean
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
274:
270:
265:
258:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
214:
205:
200: 20,000
198:
194:
190:
186:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
92:
89:
88:Old Stone Age
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
56:
51:
47:
41:
36:
30:
19:
2906:wedge-shaped
2891:Funeral pyre
2884:Great dolmen
2840:Chamber tomb
2821:Round barrow
2776:Stone circle
2648:Blombos Cave
2576:Grooved ware
2500:Chalcolithic
2404:Thornborough
2322:Flush toilet
2257:Blombos Cave
2252:Rock shelter
2208:Quiggly hole
2100:Architecture
2075:illustration
1717:Buffalo jump
1538:Storage pits
1501:Aşıklı Höyük
1491:Ground stone
1327:Subdivisions
1257:
1253:
1244:google books
1231:
1213:
1189:
1181:
1176:, p. 12
1174:Stjerna 1910
1169:
1162:Stjerna 1910
1157:
1150:Stjerna 1910
1145:
1136:
1129:google books
1112:
1108:
1099:
1093:google books
1076:
1071:
1052:
1043:
1028:
1023:
995:
988:. Retrieved
981:
972:
955:
904:
900:
890:
881:
860:
845:
844:Bahn, Paul,
840:
827:
814:Tardenoisian
806:
800:
794:
752:
730:Contemporary
704:Protohistory
627:
587:Protohistory
559:
539:Homo sapiens
538:
523:Homo erectus
521:
514:
477:
470:
431:
428:
422:
418:
411:Knut Stjerna
404:
326:
321:
317:
301:Tardenoisian
297:Sauveterrian
278:
247:, that were
231:, generally
226:
215:
211: 5,000
182:
140:
136:
132:
130:
29:
2928:unchambered
2923:Long barrow
2913:Grave goods
2869:Court cairn
2864:Clava cairn
2816:Bowl barrow
2754:Rock cupule
2697:Golden hats
2690:Hill figure
2591:Unstan ware
2571:Cord-marked
2436:Sweet Track
2358:Burnt mound
2279:Stilt house
2267:Sibudu Cave
2060:Tally stick
2028:Quern-stone
2013:Hammerstone
2003:Fire plough
1974:Pesse canoe
1932:Bannerstone
1902:Other tools
1815:Lithic core
1763:Aurignacian
1651:Bare Island
1533:Quern-stone
1152:, p. 2
864:Simmons, 46
668:West Africa
305:Maglemosian
151:during the
139:(sometimes
120:Followed by
105:Preceded by
3162:Mesolithic
3136:Categories
3067:trepanning
2960:Ring cairn
2918:Jar burial
2901:transepted
2833:U.S. sites
2734:Petroglyph
2660:Bird stone
2618:wine press
2291:Stone roof
2274:Roundhouse
2166:long house
2143:Stonehenge
2111:Ceremonial
2055:Stone tool
1882:Tool stone
1852:Metallurgy
1756:Mousterian
1733:Toolmaking
1671:Cumberland
1644:Transverse
1614:Schöningen
1506:Qesem cave
1474:Earth oven
1428:Irrigation
1339:Technology
1307:Prehistory
1222:0521855039
1207:References
1121:1135582289
1085:3319223518
1061:9170811229
1037:8476791275
963:. (2008).
854:0140514481
653:South Asia
615:South Asia
597:Bronze Age
592:Copper Age
565:Mesolithic
493:Prehistory
458:prehistory
368:Microliths
343:microliths
315:industry.
259:Term usage
245:microliths
193:Mesolithic
189:glaciation
157:Mesolithic
62:Mesolithic
3111:symbolism
2975:Tor cairn
2933:Grønsalen
2874:Cremation
2766:Sculpture
2744:Pictogram
2729:Petroform
2549:amber use
2517:Cosmetics
2327:Reservoir
2312:Check dam
2242:Pueblitos
2237:Pit-house
2220:Longhouse
2154:Dwellings
2023:Microlith
1954:Bow drill
1949:Bone tool
1942:prismatic
1751:Acheulean
1666:Cresswell
1639:Arrowhead
1565:Boomerang
1481:Granaries
1443:Terracing
1322:Stone Age
1027:A. Moure
1002:millennia
929:2045-2322
907:: 40338.
822:Maglemose
663:East Asia
648:Near East
620:East Asia
610:Near East
573:Neolithic
500:Stone Age
338:sedentism
289:megafauna
174:Near East
153:Stone Age
149:Neolithic
124:Neolithic
77:Near East
3147:Holocene
2749:Rock art
2712:painting
2685:Geoglyph
2510:timeline
2490:Beadwork
2230:Mehrgarh
2225:Mudbrick
2133:megalith
2008:Fire-saw
1830:debitage
1825:analysis
1793:Hand axe
1773:Cupstone
1351:Glossary
1312:Timeline
1031:, 1999.
947:28059138
635:Iron Age
444:a series
442:Part of
388:Bethleem
330:Portugal
241:obsidian
218:Natufian
3106:Symbols
2717:pigment
2603:Weaving
2566:Cardium
2561:Pottery
2556:Mirrors
2544:Jewelry
2485:Baskets
2465:culture
2317:Cistern
2123:Pyramid
2065:Weapons
2043:Scraper
2033:Racloir
1993:Cleaver
1981:Chopper
1887:Uniface
1798:Grooves
1788:Hafting
1746:Oldowan
1705:Systems
1656:Cascade
1619:woomera
1609:harpoon
1582:history
1548:Hunting
1528:Pottery
1469:Cooking
1378:Farming
1344:history
1317:Outline
1260:: 1–34.
990:8 April
938:5216412
909:Bibcode
818:Azilian
810:Capsian
469:before
398:, Late
372:Kebaran
313:Azilian
293:Azilian
281:Ice Age
233:nomadic
222:Kebaran
172:or the
86:End of
3084:flutes
2879:Dolmen
2803:Burial
2613:winery
2586:Linear
2416:Midden
2394:Cursus
2387:Goseck
2247:Pueblo
2198:Dugout
2183:Burdei
1862:Mining
1686:Lamoka
1681:Folsom
1661:Clovis
1518:Metate
1496:Hearth
1464:Basket
1438:Sickle
1238:
1220:
1119:
1083:
1059:
1035:
985:online
945:
935:
927:
852:
816:, the
812:, the
747:Future
643:Europe
605:Europe
537:Early
433:Kunda.
392:Israel
303:, and
285:Levant
249:hafted
202:
178:Europe
170:Levant
83:Period
66:Europe
3001:sites
2945:Mummy
2665:Cairn
2581:JĹŤmon
2532:shoes
2527:Hides
2399:Henge
2353:Broch
2215:Jacal
2070:Wheel
2018:Knife
1964:Canoe
1959:Burin
1937:Blade
1835:flake
1696:Plano
1604:baton
1594:Spear
1560:Arrow
1513:Manos
1366:Tools
832:Notes
725:Early
237:flint
176:; in
94:Dates
64:(for
3094:gudi
2852:Cist
2781:list
2608:Wine
2537:Ă–tzi
2522:Glue
2495:Beds
2463:and
2461:Arts
2332:Well
2188:Cave
2118:Kiva
2048:side
2038:Rope
1986:tool
1920:bone
1910:Adze
1676:Eden
1589:Nets
1459:Fire
1423:Goad
1408:Celt
1236:ISBN
1218:ISBN
1117:ISBN
1081:ISBN
1057:ISBN
1033:ISBN
992:2013
943:PMID
925:ISSN
850:ISBN
516:Homo
471:Homo
456:and
382:The
147:and
2203:Hut
2138:row
1969:Oar
1927:Axe
1915:Awl
1258:XXI
1196:322
998:bce
933:PMC
917:doi
345:in
239:or
135:or
3138::
1242:,
1224:,
1127:,
1123:,
1091:,
1087:,
1063:,
1051:,
994:.
980:.
941:.
931:.
923:.
915:.
903:.
899:.
869:^
446:on
394:.
390:,
299:,
295:,
208:c.
204:BP
197:c.
155:.
99:BP
48:,
1288:e
1281:t
1274:v
1198:.
1008:(
949:.
919::
911::
905:7
784:e
777:t
770:v
758:)
754:(
744:↓
483:)
479:(
466:↑
435:)
430:(
334:'
275:.
115:)
111:(
68:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
