640:
60:
38:
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827:
for their fruit and oils relies especially on these unique relationships with fungi, as a healthy mycorrhizal network in the soil helps the plants to resist environmental stresses that might otherwise damage crop yield. Ericoid mycorrhizae are responsible for a high rate of uptake of nitrogen, which
317:, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most species-rich family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the
532:
In 2002, systematic research resulted in the inclusion of the formerly recognised families
Empetraceae, Epacridaceae, Monotropaceae, Prionotaceae, and Pyrolaceae into the Ericaceae based on a combination of molecular, morphological, anatomical, and embryological data, analysed within a
854:
community found on low-quality acidic soils, generally dominated by plants in
Ericaceae. Heathlands are a broadly anthropogenic habitat, requiring regular grazing or burning to prevent succession. Heaths are particularly abundant – and constitute important cultural
495:, and Wittsteinioideae), and further subdivided four of the subfamilies into tribes, the Rhododendroideae having seven tribes (Bejarieae, Rhodoreae, Cladothamneae, Epigaeae, Phyllodoceae, and Diplarcheae). Within tribe Rhodoreae, five genera were described,
1043:
Kron, Kathleen A.; Powell, E. Ann & Luteyn, J.L. (2002). "Phylogenetic relationships within the blueberry tribe (Vaccinieae, Ericaceae) based on sequence data from MATK and nuclear ribosomal ITS regions, with comments on the placement of
855:
elements – in Norway, the United
Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Portugal, and other countries in Central and Western Europe. The most common examples of plants in Ericaceae which dominate heathlands are
537:
framework. The move significantly increased the morphological and geographical range found within the group. One possible classification of the resulting family includes 9 subfamilies, 126 genera, and about 4,000 species:
1973:
Stevens, P.F.; Luteyn, J.; Oliver, E.G.H.; Bell, T.L.; Brown, E.A.; Crowden, R.K.; George, A.S.; Jordan, G.J.; Ladd, P.; Lemson, K.; McLean, C.B.; Menadue, Y.; Pate, J.S.; Stace, H.M.; Weiller, C.M. (2004).
1212:
Kron, K.A.; Judd, W.S.; Stevens, P.F.; Crayn, D.M.; Anderberg, A.A.; Gadek, P.A.; Quinn, C.J. & Luteyn, J.L. (2002). "Phylogenetic
Classification of Ericaceae: Molecular and Morphological Evidence".
479:
Historically, the
Ericaceae included both subfamilies and tribes. In 1971, Stevens, who outlined the history from 1876 and in some instances 1839, recognised six subfamilies (Rhododendroideae,
685:
The family is largely composed of plants that can tolerate acidic, infertile, shady conditions. Due to their tolerance of acidic conditions, this plant family is also typical of peat
912:
are closely associated with heathland environments. Reptiles thrive in heaths due to an abundance of sunlight and prey, and birds hunt the insects and reptiles which are present.
5669:
468:). The exact meaning is difficult to interpret, but some sources show it as meaning 'heather'. The name may have been used informally to refer to the plants before
808:, the two families most closely related to the Ericaceae. Most Ericaceae (excluding the Monotropoideae, and some Epacridoideae) form a distinctive accumulation of
742:. The wide distribution of genera within Ericaceae has led to situations in which there are both American and European plants with the same name, e.g. blueberry (
2121:
5708:
2208:
5617:
2256:
1895:
5682:
5630:
5513:
1787:
1545:
Lallemand, Félix; Puttsepp, Ülle; Lang, Mait; Luud, Aarne; Courty, Pierre-Emmanuel; Palancade, Cécile; Selosse, Marc-André (September 2017).
931:
is particularly suspect in this regard, and may be causing measurable changes to the distribution and abundance of some ericaceous species.
1809:
828:
causes naturally low levels of free nitrogen in ericoid soils. These mycorrhizal fungi may also increase the tolerance of
Ericaceae to
2201:
1987:
1602:
5842:
5656:
5806:
1830:
738:. The United States is the top producer of both blueberries and cranberries, with the state of Maine growing the majority of
2040:
2028:
5687:
5695:
2235:
5436:
2261:
2251:
2194:
734:, but most varieties cultivated today are hybrids. Most rhododendrons grown in the United States are cultivated in the
5500:
949:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
5875:
5811:
5770:
1499:
691:
443:
148:
59:
5713:
5775:
1226:
2246:
896:
634:
242:
46:
1248:
2148:
2135:
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1026:
5604:
2048:
902:
739:
422:
5578:
5453:
2012:
1944:
Cafferty, Steve; Jarvis, Charles E. (November 2002). "Typification of
Linnaean Plant Names in Ericaceae".
1689:"Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi as biostimulants for improving propagation and production of ericaceous plants"
1775:
463:
5744:
2110:
1547:"Mixotrophy in Pyroleae (Ericaceae) from Estonian boreal forests does not vary with light or tissue age"
1104:
The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval
991:
824:
759:
5609:
5583:
5518:
2166:
2099:
2088:
2077:
1298:
5762:
1774:
Loidi, Javier; de Blust, Geert; Campos, Juan
Antonio; Haveman, Rense; Janssen, John (1 January 2020),
1323:
850:
In many parts of the world, a "heath" or "heathland" is an environment characterised by an open dwarf-
5847:
5723:
5635:
5539:
744:
410:
1273:
875:
769:
749:
645:
1632:"Heathlands confronting global change: drivers of biodiversity loss from past to future scenarios"
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54:
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1983:
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1728:
1710:
1669:
1651:
1584:
1566:
1379:
1371:
1065:
908:
800:, as well as evergreen foliage to conserve absorbed nutrients. This trait is not found in the
735:
596:
215:
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2125:
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2032:
2016:
394:
306:
97:
37:
5596:
5491:
1687:
Wei, Xiangying; Zhang, Wenbing; Zulfiqar, Faisal; Zhang, Chunying; Chen, Jianjun (2022).
5570:
2186:
1603:"Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi & Cranberry: Mutualisms with Potential – Wisconsin Fruit"
1348:
Moquet, Laura; Bruyère, Lydiane; Pirard, Benoit; Jacquemart, Anne-Laure (October 2017).
812:, in which fungi grow in and around the roots and provide the plant with nutrients. The
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2949:
2911:
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2878:
2681:
2543:
2482:
2346:
1982:. The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol. 6. Springer. pp. 145–194.
1936:
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2603:
2535:
2502:
2492:
2459:
2449:
2439:
2308:
2290:
2222:
2114:
1299:"Maine Natural Areas Program, Natural Community Fact Sheet for Subalpine Hanging Bog"
1166:
965:
948:
863:
702:
658:
The
Ericaceae have a nearly worldwide distribution. They are absent from continental
618:
605:
578:
484:
469:
450:
414:
339:
226:
220:
205:
170:
164:
2103:
2092:
2081:
1980:
Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales
1881:
1234:
405:) with shapes ranging from narrowly tubular to funnelform or widely urn-shaped. The
5834:
5531:
5311:
5306:
5291:
5281:
5220:
5102:
5087:
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2732:
2727:
2691:
2608:
2487:
2444:
2341:
2318:
2282:
1923:
Stevens, P.F. (1971). "A classification of the
Ericaceae: subfamilies and tribes".
833:
829:
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497:
330:
235:
2003:
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2848:
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2747:
2737:
2643:
2638:
2590:
2507:
2431:
2416:
2393:
2388:
2313:
2300:
1350:"Nectar foragers contribute to the pollination of buzz-pollinated plant species"
817:
813:
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200:
190:
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2512:
2403:
924:
916:
731:
715:
671:
667:
521:
386:
322:
318:
20:
5788:
1732:
1673:
1588:
1383:
1069:
5783:
5470:
5210:
5132:
5042:
5024:
4773:
4710:
4662:
4652:
4509:
4326:
4212:
4187:
4149:
3990:
3859:
3844:
3630:
3620:
3595:
3552:
3519:
3428:
3355:
3152:
3135:
2987:
2903:
2757:
2572:
2562:
2474:
2157:
1647:
1562:
1087:. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service. pp. 37–47.
1061:
992:"The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase"
928:
369:
The Ericaceae contain a morphologically diverse range of taxa, including
351:
345:
133:
123:
110:
1366:
1349:
882:
In heathland, plants in Ericaceae serve as host plants to the butterfly
5172:
4838:
3937:
3892:
3587:
3539:
3506:
3420:
3144:
3090:
2598:
1965:
1422:
975:
675:
390:
357:
5648:
476:
in 1753, and then again when Jussieu described the Ericaceae in 1789.
3443:
3410:
3017:
2828:
2055:
697:
663:
455:
334:
5661:
5622:
5447:
2177:
1957:
1397:
5757:
5557:
2143:
851:
845:
638:
511:
448:
first used the term Ericaceae. The name comes from the type genus
398:
378:
71:
1848:
Thomas, C. D. (1 August 1985). "Specializations and polyphagy of
1744:
1742:
797:
382:
5451:
2190:
529:, along with Diplarche from the monogeneric tribe Diplarcheae.
2007:
706:
686:
293:
263:
5544:
461:
2161:
820:
and gain sugars from the mycorrhizae, as well as nutrients.
1778:, in Goldstein, Michael I.; DellaSala, Dominick A. (eds.),
1227:
10.1663/0006-8101(2002)068[0335:pcoema]2.0.co;2
705:, members of this family often grow in association with an
287:
281:
275:
919:
rainwater can convert ericoid heaths with species such as
832:
in soil, and may cause plants to grow faster by producing
472:
times, and simply been formalised when Linnaeus described
796:
fungi to assist with extracting nutrients from infertile
440:
used the term Vaccinia to describe a similar family, but
266:
2181:
792:
Like other stress-tolerant plants, many Ericaceae have
1398:"Native Rhododendrons & Azaleas of North America"
278:
272:
260:
5460:
5389:
5371:
5348:
5325:
5257:
5219:
5171:
5160:
5023:
4985:
4967:
4949:
4911:
4888:
4870:
4847:
4836:
4709:
4661:
4650:
4598:
4395:
4372:
4361:
4287:
4269:
4211:
4148:
4115:
4092:
4044:
3946:
3935:
3883:
3690:
3667:
3644:
3586:
3538:
3505:
3452:
3441:
3419:
3408:
3316:
3305:
3278:
3260:
3242:
3194:
3161:
3143:
3134:
3112:
3103:
3016:
2963:
2925:
2902:
2819:
2756:
2718:
2690:
2672:
2589:
2571:
2556:
2534:
2525:
2473:
2430:
2402:
2379:
2370:
2359:
2327:
2299:
2281:
2270:
1142:. Paris: Herissant & Barrois. pp. 159–160.
525:J. E. Smith, that were eventually transferred into
269:
2059:
1098:Watson, L. & Dallwitz, M.J. (19 August 2014).
1085:Field Guide to the Forest Plants of Northern Idaho
454:, which appears to be derived from the Greek word
990:Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016).
823:The cultivation of blueberries, cranberries, and
649:, showing the typical fused, bell-shaped corolla
417:) and urn-shaped, but many flowers of the genus
2202:
713:. Plants in Ericaceae, especially species in
8:
1140:Genera plantarum ordines naturales disposita
441:
1852:(Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in North Wales".
1776:"Heathlands of Temperate and Boreal Europe"
1328:West Virginia Division of Natural Resources
1274:"Ericacea (Heath) Family and Their Culture"
389:, alternate or whorled, simple and without
337:), and various common heaths and heathers (
284:
5448:
5168:
4844:
4833:
4658:
4647:
4369:
3943:
3449:
3438:
3416:
3405:
3313:
3302:
3140:
3109:
2568:
2531:
2376:
2367:
2278:
2209:
2195:
2187:
36:
27:
1722:
1704:
1663:
1578:
1365:
1007:
974:
964:
2050:The Families of Flowering Plants (DELTA)
1925:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
953:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
726:The majority of ornamental species from
1474:"World Cranberry Production by Country"
1448:"World Blueberry Production by Country"
1152:
1021:
1019:
947:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (2009).
939:
397:and show considerable variability. The
1896:"Heathland invertebrates and reptiles"
1782:, Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 656–668,
2173:Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants
1625:
1623:
1521:"Department od Mycorrhizal Symbioses"
1125:"Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany"
723:for successful pollination to occur.
7:
5812:58e41ed7-e8a9-4cfd-ab7f-e473c1d8b72a
5763:84ED673A-BE03-D12C-D417-462F10868DD5
5724:b777737e-6fb0-4b62-ac70-974946a12b1d
575:(up to six genera, about 80 species)
689:and blanket bogs; examples include
5776:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000402-2
1937:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1971.tb02133.x
1866:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1985.tb00729.x
1780:Encyclopedia of the World's Biomes
16:Heather family of flowering plants
14:
1900:www.natureconservationimaging.com
1630:Fagúndez, Jaime (February 2013).
709:canopy, in a habitat known as an
5432:
5431:
966:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
256:
58:
1083:Patterson, Patricia A. (1985).
1025:Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). "
1:
1033:. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
2072:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
1750:"Heathland | Wildlife Watch"
1031:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
456:
1165:Craven, L.A. (April 2011).
385:. Their leaves are usually
5892:
2145:Flora of Western Australia
1693:Frontiers in Plant Science
1354:American Journal of Botany
1138:Jussieu, A.-L. de (1789).
1050:American Journal of Botany
1009:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
843:
785:
758:in Europe) and cranberry (
692:Rhododendron groenlandicum
674:, and much of the lowland
632:
615:) (35 genera, 545 species)
546:Kron, Judd & Anderberg
462:
444:Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
429:). Anthers open by pores.
18:
5427:
3437:
2230:
2182:New York Botanical Garden
1978:. In Kubitzki, K. (ed.).
1706:10.3389/fpls.2022.1027390
888:. Other insects, such as
782:Mycorrhizal relationships
695:and species in the genus
624:(50 genera, 1580 species)
593:(19 genera, 1790 species)
442:
241:
234:
182:
177:
162:
155:
55:Scientific classification
53:
44:
35:
30:
1831:"Heathland and Moorland"
1754:www.wildlifewatch.org.uk
1199:10.3767/000651911X568594
897:Myrmeleotettix maculatus
654:Distribution and ecology
635:List of Ericaceae genera
309:, commonly known as the
47:Leptecophylla juniperina
19:Not to be confused with
5819:Watson & Dallwitz:
2178:Neotropical Blueberries
2031:11 October 2012 at the
915:Some evidence suggests
903:Metrioptera brachyptera
670:, northern and central
584:(one genus, 12 species)
566:(10 genera, 15 species)
548:(one genus, 16 species)
423:bilaterally symmetrical
2083:Flora of North America
650:
557:(4 genera, 40 species)
5745:Paleobiology Database
1854:Ecological Entomology
1817:Surrey Wildlife Trust
1423:"Hybrid Rhododendron"
748:in North America and
642:
2127:Flora of New Zealand
2061:Encyclopedia of Life
1324:"Oak / Heath Forest"
1215:The Botanical Review
1062:10.3732/ajb.89.2.327
745:Vaccinium corymbosum
662:, parts of the high
411:radially symmetrical
393:. Their flowers are
2151:4 July 2013 at the
2138:4 July 2013 at the
2015:23 May 2019 at the
1367:10.3732/ajb.1700090
876:Vaccinium myrtillus
646:Daboecia cantabrica
5277:Pentaphragmataceae
4495:Stegnospermataceae
4387:Berberidopsidaceae
4011:Pentadiplandraceae
2498:Atherospermataceae
1810:"Heathland Plants"
1648:10.1093/aob/mcs257
1563:10.1093/aob/mcx054
788:Ericoid mycorrhiza
651:
5876:Ericales families
5858:
5857:
5732:Open Tree of Life
5454:Taxon identifiers
5445:
5444:
5423:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5234:Cardiopteridaceae
5156:
5155:
5033:Plocospermataceae
4832:
4831:
4646:
4645:
4585:Anacampserotaceae
4445:Ancistrocladaceae
4374:Berberidopsidales
4357:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4297:Biebersteiniaceae
4178:Sphaerosepalaceae
4064:Strasburgeriaceae
3981:Setchellanthaceae
3931:
3930:
3404:
3403:
3346:Cercidiphyllaceae
3301:
3300:
3130:
3129:
3099:
3098:
2552:
2551:
2521:
2520:
2355:
2354:
2337:Austrobaileyaceae
2105:Flora of Pakistan
1789:978-0-12-816097-8
1360:(10): 1451–1463.
1278:extension.psu.edu
909:Picromerus bidens
740:lowbush blueberry
736:Pacific Northwest
623:
614:
611:(=Styphelioideae
610:
601:
597:Harrimanelloideae
592:
583:
574:
565:
556:
547:
401:are often fused (
248:
247:
216:Harrimanelloideae
151:
5883:
5851:
5850:
5838:
5837:
5825:
5824:
5815:
5814:
5802:
5801:
5792:
5791:
5779:
5778:
5766:
5765:
5753:
5752:
5740:
5739:
5727:
5726:
5717:
5716:
5704:
5703:
5701:NBNSYS0000159964
5691:
5690:
5678:
5677:
5665:
5664:
5652:
5651:
5639:
5638:
5626:
5625:
5613:
5612:
5600:
5599:
5587:
5586:
5574:
5573:
5561:
5560:
5548:
5547:
5535:
5534:
5522:
5521:
5509:
5508:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5449:
5435:
5434:
5169:
5118:Thomandersiaceae
5108:Lentibulariaceae
5068:Scrophulariaceae
5048:Tetrachondraceae
4845:
4834:
4824:Mitrastemonaceae
4754:Pentaphylacaceae
4729:Tetrameristaceae
4676:Hydrostachyaceae
4659:
4648:
4450:Rhabdodendraceae
4440:Dioncophyllaceae
4370:
4203:Dipterocarpaceae
4140:Dipentodontaceae
4084:Crossosomataceae
4059:Geissolomataceae
3944:
3805:Chrysobalanaceae
3710:Ctenolophonaceae
3677:Lepidobotryaceae
3467:Anisophylleaceae
3450:
3439:
3417:
3406:
3381:Tetracarpaeaceae
3376:Aphanopetalaceae
3351:Daphniphyllaceae
3314:
3303:
3252:Trochodendraceae
3214:Circaeasteraceae
3141:
3122:Ceratophyllaceae
3110:
2786:Alstroemeriaceae
2649:Potamogetonaceae
2624:Scheuchzeriaceae
2619:Hydrocharitaceae
2569:
2532:
2412:Aristolochiaceae
2377:
2368:
2329:Austrobaileyales
2279:
2275:
2273:Basalangiosperms
2257:Acrogymnospermae
2219:flowering plants
2211:
2204:
2197:
2188:
1993:
1969:
1940:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1814:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1726:
1708:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1667:
1636:Annals of Botany
1627:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1582:
1551:Annals of Botany
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1504:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1480:. 1 January 1970
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1454:. 1 January 1970
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1427:www.rhodyman.net
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1369:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1100:"Ericaceae Juss"
1095:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1040:
1034:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1011:
987:
981:
980:
978:
968:
944:
891:Saturnia pavonia
858:Calluna vulgaris
721:buzz pollination
711:oak-heath forest
621:
612:
608:
599:
590:
581:
572:
563:
554:
545:
467:
466:
459:
447:
446:
307:flowering plants
300:
299:
296:
295:
290:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
223:(Styphelioideae)
147:
63:
62:
40:
28:
5891:
5890:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5846:
5841:
5833:
5828:
5820:
5818:
5810:
5805:
5797:
5795:
5787:
5782:
5774:
5769:
5761:
5756:
5748:
5743:
5735:
5730:
5722:
5720:
5712:
5707:
5699:
5694:
5686:
5681:
5673:
5668:
5660:
5655:
5647:
5642:
5634:
5629:
5621:
5616:
5608:
5603:
5595:
5590:
5582:
5577:
5569:
5564:
5556:
5551:
5543:
5538:
5530:
5525:
5517:
5512:
5504:
5499:
5490:
5489:
5484:
5475:
5474:
5469:
5456:
5446:
5441:
5403:
5399:Paracryphiaceae
5385:
5367:
5344:
5321:
5253:
5215:
5186:Torricelliaceae
5165:
5152:
5053:Calceolariaceae
5038:Carlemanniaceae
5019:
4981:
4963:
4945:
4907:
4884:
4866:
4841:
4828:
4705:
4655:
4642:
4618:Balanophoraceae
4594:
4505:Lophiocarpaceae
4485:Achatocarpaceae
4480:Caryophyllaceae
4470:Macarthuriaceae
4435:Drosophyllaceae
4391:
4366:
4341:
4283:
4265:
4251:Crypteroniaceae
4246:Melastomataceae
4207:
4144:
4111:
4088:
4046:Crossosomatales
4040:
4016:Gyrostemonaceae
3986:Koeberliniaceae
3940:
3927:
3879:
3870:Picrodendraceae
3835:Lacistemataceae
3795:Dichapetalaceae
3770:Centroplacaceae
3760:Lophopyxidaceae
3720:Erythroxylaceae
3686:
3663:
3640:
3582:
3534:
3501:
3472:Corynocarpaceae
3446:
3433:
3413:
3400:
3361:Grossulariaceae
3310:
3297:
3274:
3256:
3244:Trochodendrales
3238:
3219:Lardizabalaceae
3190:
3157:
3126:
3114:Ceratophyllales
3105:Ceratophyllidae
3095:
3086:Ecdeiocoleaceae
3076:Flagellariaceae
3012:
2959:
2921:
2898:
2869:Tecophilaeaceae
2839:Blandfordiaceae
2815:
2781:Petermanniaceae
2766:Campynemataceae
2752:
2714:
2686:
2668:
2629:Aponogetonaceae
2585:
2560:
2548:
2517:
2469:
2455:Himantandraceae
2426:
2398:
2364:
2362:Mesangiospermae
2351:
2323:
2295:
2271:
2266:
2247:Marchantiophyta
2226:
2215:
2153:Wayback Machine
2140:Wayback Machine
2033:Wayback Machine
2017:Wayback Machine
2000:
1990:
1972:
1958:10.2307/1555030
1943:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1525:www.ibot.cas.cz
1519:
1518:
1514:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1175:transferred to
1164:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1024:
1017:
989:
988:
984:
946:
945:
941:
937:
848:
842:
790:
784:
768:in America and
656:
637:
631:
600:Kron & Judd
582:Kron & Judd
505:L. pro parte),
435:
367:
292:
259:
255:
243:Over 120 genera
173:
168:
146:
57:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5889:
5887:
5879:
5878:
5873:
5863:
5862:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5839:
5835:wfo-7000000218
5826:
5816:
5803:
5793:
5780:
5767:
5754:
5741:
5728:
5718:
5705:
5692:
5679:
5666:
5653:
5640:
5627:
5614:
5601:
5588:
5575:
5562:
5549:
5536:
5523:
5510:
5497:
5482:
5466:
5464:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5395:
5393:
5391:Paracryphiales
5387:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5381:Escalloniaceae
5377:
5375:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5363:Caprifoliaceae
5360:
5354:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5335:Columelliaceae
5331:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5297:Argophyllaceae
5294:
5289:
5287:Alseuosmiaceae
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5263:
5261:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5239:Phyllonomaceae
5236:
5231:
5225:
5223:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5206:Myodocarpaceae
5203:
5198:
5196:Pittosporaceae
5193:
5191:Griseliniaceae
5188:
5183:
5177:
5175:
5166:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5113:Schlegeliaceae
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5063:Plantaginaceae
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5010:Sphenocleaceae
5007:
5002:
4997:
4995:Convolvulaceae
4991:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4973:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4955:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4917:
4915:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4894:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4880:Metteniusaceae
4876:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4853:
4851:
4842:
4837:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4794:Sarraceniaceae
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4734:Fouquieriaceae
4731:
4726:
4724:Marcgraviaceae
4721:
4715:
4713:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4667:
4665:
4656:
4651:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4628:Misodendraceae
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4604:
4602:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4530:Phytolaccaceae
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4465:Asteropeiaceae
4462:
4457:
4455:Simmondsiaceae
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4415:Plumbaginaceae
4412:
4407:
4401:
4399:
4397:Caryophyllales
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4378:
4376:
4367:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4275:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4217:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4198:Sarcolaenaceae
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4125:Gerrardinaceae
4121:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3941:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3913:Elaeocarpaceae
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3875:Phyllanthaceae
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3830:Passifloraceae
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3765:Putranjivaceae
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3740:Calophyllaceae
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3715:Rhizophoraceae
3712:
3707:
3702:
3696:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3659:Zygophyllaceae
3656:
3650:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3573:Ticodendraceae
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3458:
3456:
3447:
3442:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3414:
3409:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3341:Hamamelidaceae
3338:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3311:
3306:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3288:Myrothamnaceae
3284:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3266:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3224:Menispermaceae
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3081:Joinvilleaceae
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2973:Strelitziaceae
2969:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2950:Pontederiaceae
2947:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2912:Dasypogonaceae
2908:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2889:Amaryllidaceae
2886:
2881:
2879:Xeronemataceae
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2682:Petrosaviaceae
2678:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2566:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2544:Chloranthaceae
2540:
2538:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2483:Calycanthaceae
2479:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2436:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2347:Schisandraceae
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2276:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2252:Polypodiophyta
2249:
2244:
2239:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2175:
2164:
2155:
2142:at the online
2130:
2124:at the online
2119:
2116:Flora of Chile
2113:at the online
2108:
2102:at the online
2097:
2094:Flora of China
2091:at the online
2086:
2080:at the online
2075:
2064:
2053:
2019:
2009:The Plant List
1999:
1998:External links
1996:
1995:
1994:
1988:
1970:
1952:(4): 751–753.
1941:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1887:
1860:(3): 325–340.
1850:Plebejus argus
1840:
1835:Woodland Trust
1822:
1801:
1788:
1766:
1738:
1679:
1642:(2): 151–172.
1619:
1607:fruit.wisc.edu
1594:
1557:(3): 361–371.
1537:
1512:
1491:
1465:
1439:
1414:
1389:
1340:
1315:
1290:
1265:
1240:
1221:(3): 335–423.
1204:
1157:
1153:Stevens (1971)
1145:
1130:
1116:
1090:
1075:
1056:(2): 327–336.
1035:
1015:
1002:(3): 201–217.
982:
959:(2): 105–121.
938:
936:
933:
921:Erica tetralix
885:Plebejus argus
870:Erica tetralix
844:Main article:
841:
838:
786:Main article:
783:
780:
730:are native to
655:
652:
633:Main article:
630:
627:
626:
625:
616:
603:
594:
585:
576:
567:
561:Monotropoideae
558:
549:
543:Enkianthoideae
501:L. (including
493:Monotropoideae
438:Michel Adanson
434:
431:
366:
363:
361:for example).
315:heather family
246:
245:
239:
238:
232:
231:
230:
229:
224:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
196:Monotropoideae
193:
188:
186:Enkianthoideae
180:
179:
175:
174:
169:
160:
159:
153:
152:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
114:
113:
108:
101:
100:
95:
88:
87:
82:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
51:
50:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5888:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5849:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5817:
5813:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5794:
5790:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5715:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5502:
5498:
5493:
5487:
5483:
5478:
5472:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5450:
5438:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5388:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5373:Escalloniales
5370:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5302:Menyanthaceae
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5272:Campanulaceae
5270:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5250:
5249:Aquifoliaceae
5247:
5245:
5244:Helwingiaceae
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5229:Stemonuraceae
5227:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5181:Pennantiaceae
5179:
5178:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5159:
5149:
5148:Orobanchaceae
5146:
5144:
5143:Paulowniaceae
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5078:Linderniaceae
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4872:Metteniusales
4869:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4857:Oncothecaceae
4855:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4835:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4804:Actinidiaceae
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4784:Diapensiaceae
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4744:Lecythidaceae
4742:
4740:
4739:Polemoniaceae
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4719:Balsaminaceae
4717:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4681:Hydrangeaceae
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4649:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4633:Schoepfiaceae
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4580:Portulacaceae
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4570:Halophytaceae
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4550:Molluginaceae
4548:
4546:
4545:Nyctaginaceae
4543:
4541:
4540:Sarcobataceae
4538:
4536:
4535:Petiveriaceae
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4490:Amaranthaceae
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4405:Frankeniaceae
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4382:Aextoxicaceae
4380:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4364:Superasterids
4360:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4332:Simaroubaceae
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4317:Anacardiaceae
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4279:Picramniaceae
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4183:Thymelaeaceae
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4163:Muntingiaceae
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4079:Stachyuraceae
4077:
4075:
4074:Guamatelaceae
4072:
4070:
4069:Staphyleaceae
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
4001:Emblingiaceae
3999:
3997:
3996:Salvadoraceae
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3976:Limnanthaceae
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3961:Tropaeolaceae
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3934:
3924:
3923:Brunelliaceae
3921:
3919:
3918:Cephalotaceae
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3865:Ixonanthaceae
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3855:Euphorbiaceae
3853:
3851:
3850:Rafflesiaceae
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:Euphroniaceae
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3780:Malpighiaceae
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3755:Caryocaraceae
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3745:Podostemaceae
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3646:Zygophyllales
3643:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3568:Casuarinaceae
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:Nothofagaceae
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3487:Tetramelaceae
3485:
3483:
3482:Cucurbitaceae
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3462:Apodanthaceae
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3407:
3397:
3396:Cynomoriaceae
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3366:Saxifragaceae
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3326:Peridiscaceae
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3304:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3234:Ranunculaceae
3232:
3230:
3229:Berberidaceae
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:Nelumbonaceae
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3046:Eriocaulaceae
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3008:Zingiberaceae
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2983:Heliconiaceae
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2955:Haemodoraceae
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2940:Commelinaceae
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2884:Asphodelaceae
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Ixioliriaceae
2862:
2860:
2859:Doryanthaceae
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2776:Melanthiaceae
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2743:Cyclanthaceae
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2710:Dioscoreaceae
2708:
2706:
2705:Burmanniaceae
2703:
2701:
2700:Nartheciaceae
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2674:Petrosaviales
2671:
2665:
2664:Cymodoceaceae
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2654:Posidoniaceae
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2634:Juncaginaceae
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:Tofieldiaceae
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2536:Chloranthales
2533:
2530:
2528:
2527:Chloranthidae
2524:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2503:Hernandiaceae
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2493:Gomortegaceae
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:Eupomatiaceae
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:Degeneriaceae
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:Myristicaceae
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
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2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2309:Hydatellaceae
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2291:Amborellaceae
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:Ericaceae.org
2159:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2041:Monotropaceae
2038:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1989:9783540065128
1985:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1901:
1897:
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1888:
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1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
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1844:
1841:
1836:
1832:
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1823:
1818:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1791:
1785:
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1777:
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1755:
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1716:
1712:
1707:
1702:
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1683:
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1671:
1666:
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1649:
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1637:
1633:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1538:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1501:
1500:"Blueberries"
1495:
1492:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1403:
1399:
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1390:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1341:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1304:
1303:www.maine.gov
1300:
1294:
1291:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1254:
1253:www.mobot.org
1250:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
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1178:
1174:
1170:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1134:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
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1047:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
986:
983:
977:
972:
967:
962:
958:
954:
950:
943:
940:
934:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
913:
911:
910:
905:
904:
899:
898:
893:
892:
887:
886:
880:
879:
877:
872:
871:
866:
865:
864:Erica cineria
860:
859:
853:
847:
839:
837:
835:
834:phytohormones
831:
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
789:
781:
779:
777:
776:
772:
767:
766:
762:
757:
756:
752:
747:
746:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
717:
712:
708:
704:
703:North America
701:. In eastern
700:
699:
694:
693:
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
653:
648:
647:
641:
636:
628:
620:
619:Vaccinioideae
617:
607:
606:Epacridoideae
604:
602:(one species)
598:
595:
589:
586:
580:
579:Cassiopoideae
577:
571:
568:
562:
559:
553:
550:
544:
541:
540:
539:
536:
530:
528:
524:
523:
518:
517:Tsusiophyllum
514:
513:
508:
504:
500:
499:
494:
490:
486:
485:Vaccinioideae
482:
477:
475:
471:
465:
458:
453:
452:
445:
439:
432:
430:
428:
424:
421:are somewhat
420:
416:
415:actinomorphic
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:hermaphrodite
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
364:
362:
360:
359:
354:
353:
348:
347:
342:
341:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
298:
253:
244:
240:
237:
233:
228:
227:Vaccinioideae
225:
222:
221:Epacridoideae
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
206:Cassiopoideae
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
181:
176:
172:
167:
166:
161:
158:
154:
150:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
85:Tracheophytes
83:
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
61:
56:
52:
49:
48:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
5461:
5312:Calyceraceae
5307:Goodeniaceae
5292:Phellinaceae
5282:Stylidiaceae
5221:Aquifoliales
5103:Bignoniaceae
5088:Martyniaceae
5058:Gesneriaceae
5015:Hydroleaceae
5005:Montiniaceae
4959:Boraginaceae
4936:Gelsemiaceae
4926:Gentianaceae
4898:Eucommiaceae
4818:
4799:Roridulaceae
4779:Symplocaceae
4749:Sladeniaceae
4691:Curtisiaceae
4638:Loranthaceae
4560:Didiereaceae
4515:Barbeuiaceae
4475:Microteaceae
4430:Nepenthaceae
4420:Polygonaceae
4410:Tamaricaceae
4302:Nitrariaceae
4271:Picramniales
4236:Vochysiaceae
4221:Combretaceae
4135:Tapisciaceae
4130:Petenaeaceae
4036:Brassicaceae
3790:Trigoniaceae
3785:Balanopaceae
3750:Hypericaceae
3730:Bonnetiaceae
3705:Irvingiaceae
3692:Malpighiales
3682:Celastraceae
3654:Krameriaceae
3611:Elaeagnaceae
3606:Dirachmaceae
3563:Juglandaceae
3530:Polygalaceae
3515:Quillajaceae
3477:Coriariaceae
3454:Cucurbitales
3391:Haloragaceae
3386:Penthoraceae
3371:Crassulaceae
3336:Altingiaceae
3318:Saxifragales
3270:Dilleniaceae
3209:Papaveraceae
3204:Eupteleaceae
3196:Ranunculales
3104:
3071:Restionaceae
3031:Bromeliaceae
2965:Zingiberales
2945:Philydraceae
2935:Hanguanaceae
2927:Commelinales
2894:Asparagaceae
2854:Hypoxidaceae
2801:Ripogonaceae
2796:Philesiaceae
2791:Colchicaceae
2733:Velloziaceae
2728:Triuridaceae
2692:Dioscoreales
2609:Alismataceae
2557:
2526:
2488:Siparunaceae
2445:Magnoliaceae
2342:Trimeniaceae
2319:Nymphaeaceae
2283:Amborellales
2262:Angiospermae
2217:Families of
2167:
2144:
2133:Epacridaceae
2126:
2122:Epacridaceae
2115:
2104:
2093:
2082:
2071:
2060:
2049:
2026:Epacridaceae
2008:
1979:
1949:
1945:
1928:
1924:
1917:Bibliography
1903:. Retrieved
1899:
1890:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1804:
1793:, retrieved
1779:
1769:
1757:. Retrieved
1753:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1639:
1635:
1610:. Retrieved
1606:
1597:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1524:
1515:
1506:
1494:
1482:. Retrieved
1477:
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1451:
1442:
1430:. Retrieved
1426:
1417:
1405:. Retrieved
1402:rhodyman.net
1401:
1392:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:
1318:
1306:. Retrieved
1302:
1293:
1281:. Retrieved
1277:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1252:
1243:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1193:(1): 33–35.
1190:
1186:
1180:
1177:Rhododendron
1176:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1148:
1139:
1133:
1119:
1107:. Retrieved
1103:
1093:
1084:
1078:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1030:
999:
995:
985:
956:
952:
942:
920:
914:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
881:
874:
868:
862:
856:
849:
830:heavy metals
822:
791:
778:in Europe).
774:
770:
764:
760:
754:
750:
743:
728:Rhododendron
727:
725:
714:
696:
690:
684:
657:
644:
535:phylogenetic
531:
527:Rhododendron
526:
520:
516:
510:
507:Therorhodion
506:
502:
498:Rhododendron
496:
478:
473:
449:
436:
419:Rhododendron
418:
409:are usually
375:dwarf shrubs
368:
356:
350:
344:
338:
331:rhododendron
314:
310:
251:
249:
178:Subfamilies
163:
143:
117:
104:
91:
78:
45:
25:
5644:iNaturalist
5486:Wikispecies
5267:Rousseaceae
5163:Campanulids
5123:Verbenaceae
5098:Acanthaceae
5093:Pedaliaceae
5083:Byblidaceae
4951:Boraginales
4941:Apocynaceae
4931:Loganiaceae
4913:Gentianales
4862:Icacinaceae
4814:Cyrillaceae
4809:Clethraceae
4789:Styracaceae
4769:Primulaceae
4696:Grubbiaceae
4623:Santalaceae
4565:Basellaceae
4520:Gisekiaceae
4460:Physenaceae
4425:Droseraceae
4322:Sapindaceae
4312:Burseraceae
4256:Alzateaceae
4168:Neuradaceae
4107:Francoaceae
4102:Geraniaceae
4054:Aphloiaceae
4026:Capparaceae
4006:Tovariaceae
3966:Moringaceae
3948:Brassicales
3908:Cunoniaceae
3903:Oxalidaceae
3898:Connaraceae
3815:Achariaceae
3810:Humiriaceae
3775:Elatinaceae
3669:Celastrales
3626:Cannabaceae
3601:Barbeyaceae
3525:Surianaceae
3497:Begoniaceae
3492:Datiscaceae
3331:Paeoniaceae
3308:Superrosids
3293:Gunneraceae
3262:Dilleniales
3181:Platanaceae
3056:Thurniaceae
3036:Rapateaceae
2998:Marantaceae
2849:Lanariaceae
2844:Asteliaceae
2829:Orchidaceae
2821:Asparagales
2806:Smilacaceae
2748:Pandanaceae
2738:Stemonaceae
2644:Zosteraceae
2639:Maundiaceae
2591:Alismatales
2508:Monimiaceae
2432:Magnoliales
2417:Saururaceae
2394:Winteraceae
2389:Canellaceae
2372:Magnoliidae
2314:Cabombaceae
2301:Nymphaeales
2234:Supergroup
2037:Empetraceae
1976:"Ericaceae"
1931:(1): 1–53.
1109:30 December
976:10654/18083
825:wintergreen
818:mixotrophic
814:Pyroloideae
810:mycorrhizae
806:Cyrillaceae
802:Clethraceae
794:mycorrhizal
765:macrocarpon
643:Flowers of
570:Arbutoideae
552:Pyroloideae
489:Pyroloideae
427:zygomorphic
403:sympetalous
365:Description
333:(including
327:huckleberry
201:Arbutoideae
191:Pyroloideae
98:Angiosperms
5865:Categories
5662:30451803-2
5350:Dipsacales
5340:Bruniaceae
5317:Asteraceae
5201:Araliaceae
5138:Phrymaceae
5073:Stilbaceae
5000:Solanaceae
4977:Vahliaceae
4903:Garryaceae
4849:Icacinales
4759:Sapotaceae
4613:Opiliaceae
4600:Santalales
4575:Talinaceae
4555:Montiaceae
4307:Kirkiaceae
4289:Sapindales
4261:Penaeaceae
4231:Onagraceae
4226:Lythraceae
4158:Cytinaceae
4117:Huerteales
4094:Geraniales
4031:Cleomaceae
4021:Resedaceae
3971:Caricaceae
3956:Akaniaceae
3885:Oxalidales
3840:Salicaceae
3825:Goupiaceae
3735:Clusiaceae
3636:Urticaceae
3616:Rhamnaceae
3578:Betulaceae
3558:Myricaceae
3280:Gunnerales
3186:Proteaceae
3066:Cyperaceae
3051:Mayacaceae
3041:Xyridaceae
2771:Corsiaceae
2720:Pandanales
2659:Ruppiaceae
2614:Butomaceae
2465:Annonaceae
2422:Piperaceae
2381:Canellales
2045:Pyrolaceae
1905:4 December
1795:4 December
1759:4 December
1612:4 December
1530:4 December
1484:4 December
1458:4 December
1432:4 December
1407:4 December
1333:3 December
1308:3 December
1283:3 December
1258:5 December
1249:"Ericales"
935:References
925:grasslands
840:Heathlands
719:, rely on
680:neotropics
666:, central
660:Antarctica
588:Ericoideae
555:Kosteltsky
481:Ericoideae
211:Ericoideae
157:Type genus
31:Ericaceae
5871:Ericaceae
5597:Ericaceae
5566:FloraBase
5519:Ericaceae
5492:Ericaceae
5462:Ericaceae
5358:Adoxaceae
5327:Bruniales
5259:Asterales
5128:Lamiaceae
4987:Solanales
4969:Vahliales
4921:Rubiaceae
4890:Garryales
4819:Ericaceae
4764:Ebenaceae
4701:Cornaceae
4686:Loasaceae
4671:Nyssaceae
4608:Olacaceae
4590:Cactaceae
4525:Aizoaceae
4500:Limeaceae
4337:Meliaceae
4241:Myrtaceae
4193:Cistaceae
4173:Malvaceae
3820:Violaceae
3725:Ochnaceae
3700:Pandaceae
3171:Sabiaceae
3163:Proteales
3061:Juncaceae
3026:Typhaceae
3003:Costaceae
2993:Cannaceae
2978:Lowiaceae
2917:Arecaceae
2874:Iridaceae
2834:Boryaceae
2811:Liliaceae
2581:Acoraceae
2513:Lauraceae
2404:Piperales
2242:Bryophyta
2168:Ericaceae
2158:Ericaceae
2111:Ericaceae
2100:Ericaceae
2089:Ericaceae
2078:Ericaceae
2067:Ericaceae
2056:Ericaceae
2022:Ericaceae
2004:Ericaceae
1874:1365-2311
1715:1664-462X
1656:0305-7364
1571:0305-7364
1507:Maine DOE
1376:1537-2197
1181:Ericaceae
1173:Menziesia
1169:Diplarche
1027:Ericaceae
996:Phytotaxa
917:eutrophic
775:oxycoccos
755:myrtillus
732:East Asia
716:Vaccinium
672:Australia
668:Greenland
522:Menziesia
387:evergreen
323:blueberry
319:cranberry
252:Ericaceae
236:Diversity
144:Ericaceae
68:Kingdom:
21:Arecaceae
5822:ericacea
5807:VicFlora
5796:VASCAN:
5789:42000146
5784:Tropicos
5471:Wikidata
5437:Category
5211:Apiaceae
5133:Mazaceae
5043:Oleaceae
5025:Lamiales
4774:Theaceae
4711:Ericales
4663:Cornales
4653:Asterids
4510:Kewaceae
4327:Rutaceae
4213:Myrtales
4188:Bixaceae
4150:Malvales
3991:Bataceae
3860:Linaceae
3845:Peraceae
3631:Moraceae
3621:Ulmaceae
3596:Rosaceae
3553:Fagaceae
3520:Fabaceae
3429:Vitaceae
3356:Iteaceae
3153:Buxaceae
3136:Eudicots
2988:Musaceae
2904:Arecales
2758:Liliales
2573:Acorales
2563:Monocots
2475:Laurales
2149:Archived
2136:Archived
2029:Archived
2013:Archived
1882:86813755
1733:36466284
1674:23223202
1589:28575199
1478:AtlasBig
1452:AtlasBig
1384:29885226
1235:35699816
1070:21669741
929:Nitrogen
573:Niedenzu
470:Linnaean
433:Taxonomy
407:corollas
391:stipules
352:Daboecia
346:Cassiope
301:) are a
140:Family:
134:Ericales
124:Asterids
111:Eudicots
5477:Q975872
5173:Apiales
4839:Lamiids
3938:Malvids
3893:Huaceae
3588:Rosales
3540:Fagales
3507:Fabales
3421:Vitales
3145:Buxales
3091:Poaceae
2599:Araceae
2558:Lilidae
2180:at the
2069:at the
2058:at the
1966:1555030
1724:9709444
1665:3555525
1580:5591414
1046:Satyria
676:tropics
509:Small,
358:Calluna
335:azaleas
130:Order:
72:Plantae
5848:425994
5721:NZOR:
5675:114197
5649:133387
3444:Fabids
3411:Rosids
3018:Poales
2223:APG IV
2043:, and
1986:
1964:
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