168:
66:
591:
270:
25:
513:
In 2005, it was estimated that the United States fastener industry runs 350 manufacturing plants and employs 40,000 workers. The industry is strongly tied to the production of automobiles, aircraft, appliances, agricultural machinery, commercial construction, and infrastructure. More than 200 billion
1182:, usually via bar codes or similar methods. This traceability is intended to help ensure that the right parts are used and that quality standards are met in each step of the manufacturing process; additionally, substandard parts can traced back to their source.
538:. The major grade used in stainless steel fasteners: 200 series, 300 series, and 400 series. Titanium, aluminium, and various alloys are also common materials of construction for metal fasteners. In many cases, special coatings or
1166:
American screws, bolts, and nuts were historically not fully interchangeable with their
British counterparts, and therefore would not fit British equipment properly. This, in part, helped lead to the development of numerous
341:
1191:
1514:
Counterfeit Metal
Fasteners: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, First [and Second]
561:
When choosing a fastener for a given application, it is important to know the specifics of that application to help select the proper material for the intended use. Factors that should be considered include:
1489:
The Threat from
Substandard Fasteners: Is America Losing Its Grip? : a Report of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, U.S. House of Representatives
1171:
and specifications for the manufacturing of essentially any piece of equipment that is used for military or defense purposes, including fasteners. World War II was a significant factor in this change.
466:. Fasteners can also be used to close a container such as a bag, a box, or an envelope; or they may involve keeping together the sides of an opening of flexible material, attaching a
1573:
542:
may be applied to metal fasteners to improve their performance characteristics by, for example, enhancing corrosion resistance. Common coatings/platings include zinc, chrome, and
1403:
1512:
1487:
1194:
investigated counterfeit, mismarked, substandard fasteners and found extensive use in critical civilian and military infrastructure. As a result, they proposed
505:
may join objects together, but they are ordinarily not considered fasteners because their primary purpose is to allow articulation rather than rigid affixment.
1347:
1566:
630:
497:
may be used to mechanically join objects; however, because they have additional common uses, they are not generally categorized as fasteners. Likewise,
514:
fasteners are used per year in the U.S., 26 billion of these by the automotive industry. The largest distributor of fasteners in North
America is the
1178:. Put simply, hardware manufacturers must be able to trace their materials to their source, and provide traceability for their parts going into the
447:, which in a sense can be considered fasteners within the scope of the joint system, although on their own they are not general-purpose fasteners.
1069:
Pan head fasteners combine a slightly flattened top with a larger bearing surface, offering a streamlined appearance for aesthetic applications.
1559:
1387:
1105:
Designed for T-slotted aluminium extrusions, T-slot fasteners provide a secure and adjustable connection for framing and guarding systems.
1081:
Known for their high torque capacity, hex head fasteners are easily driven with a spanner or wrench, ideal for heavy-duty applications.
1212:
1542:
1057:
Ideal for applications where aesthetics are a priority, flat head fasteners sit flush with the surface, offering a clean appearance.
554:
When selecting a fastener for industrial applications, it is important to consider a variety of factors. The threading, the applied
327:
309:
251:
149:
52:
1099:
Featuring protruding "wings" for hand tightening, wing head fasteners are suitable for applications requiring frequent adjustments.
87:
80:
1296:
1093:
Integrating a flange for a larger bearing surface, flange head fasteners distribute clamping force without damaging the material.
368:; that is, joints that can be removed or dismantled without damaging the joining components. Steel fasteners are usually made of
1428:
1461:
1269:
1168:
1087:
Offering increased wrenching area and reduced risk of rounding off, square head fasteners are used in high torque applications.
1063:
With a rounded top, round head fasteners provide a larger bearing surface, suitable for sheet metal or thin plastic assemblies.
364:
device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together. In general, fasteners are used to create non-permanent
1119:
189:
1123:
1251:
291:
345:
232:
130:
1075:
Designed for high torque applications, socket head fasteners are driven with a hex key, reducing the risk of cam-out.
558:
on the fastener, the stiffness of the fastener, and the number of fasteners needed should all be taken into account.
204:
102:
1511:
United States
Congress House Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations (1988).
1486:
United States
Congress House Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations (1988).
280:
178:
76:
185:
38:
211:
109:
1355:
1686:
1923:
832:
218:
116:
1198:(HR5051) that would require laboratory testing of fasteners in critical use applications prior to sale.
801:
543:
1148:
B18.6.2 Slotted Head Cap Screws, Square Head Set Screws, And
Slotted Headless Set Screws (Inch Series)
1968:
1918:
827:
200:
98:
1833:
1994:
1828:
1772:
436:
361:
1232:
1614:
1599:
1538:
1383:
1377:
1008:
993:
623:
1906:
1838:
1701:
1115:
844:
817:
751:
705:
459:
365:
1843:
1711:
1681:
1656:
1631:
1604:
1018:
895:
849:
700:
663:
638:
634:
619:
555:
527:
502:
467:
384:
369:
1325:
383:
Other methods of joining materials, some of which may create permanent joints, include:
1911:
1691:
1646:
1636:
1304:
942:
769:
680:
615:
444:
569:
Environment, including temperature, water exposure, and potentially corrosive elements
225:
123:
1988:
1950:
1935:
1626:
1436:
983:
744:
739:
400:
44:
1275:
1881:
1741:
1609:
1179:
1175:
1157:
B18.24 Part
Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Standard for B18 Fastener Products
1033:
1023:
978:
900:
868:
784:
764:
710:
642:
607:
531:
494:
424:
373:
1811:
1207:
1013:
972:
935:
806:
759:
653:
535:
377:
167:
65:
1551:
1151:
B18.6.3 Machine Screws, Tapping Screws, and
Metallic Drive Screws (Inch Series)
16:
Hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together
1901:
930:
920:
794:
789:
779:
716:
590:
471:
432:
470:
to a container, etc. There are also special-purpose closing devices, e.g., a
1886:
1858:
1853:
1787:
1777:
1706:
1028:
967:
925:
734:
729:
695:
675:
486:
451:
392:
1963:
1958:
1863:
1848:
1823:
988:
960:
910:
878:
515:
428:
404:
1973:
1815:
1797:
1721:
1661:
1594:
1379:
Fundamentals of Modern
Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems
1192:
United States House Energy Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
947:
885:
822:
774:
724:
539:
396:
388:
1940:
1928:
1896:
1891:
1736:
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1038:
998:
915:
837:
812:
690:
685:
658:
420:
416:
408:
1792:
1782:
1746:
1666:
1641:
1142:
B18.3 Socket Cap, Shoulder, Set Screws, and Hex Keys (Inch Series)
1003:
905:
863:
858:
853:
668:
611:
589:
498:
490:
455:
440:
412:
340:
1756:
1751:
1621:
1135:
482:
478:
1555:
1651:
1233:"FASTENING | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"
890:
595:
263:
161:
59:
18:
629:
Other more specialized types of threaded fasteners include
526:
There are three major steel fasteners used in industries:
1271:
The North American fastener industry - The industry today
287:
1138:) publishes several standards on fasteners. Some are:
439:
make use of separate internal reinforcements, such as
279:
may contain excessive or inappropriate references to
1949:
1872:
1810:
1765:
1729:
1720:
1587:
1462:"HOUSE REPORT DETAILS DANGERS OF SUBSTANDARD BOLTS"
192:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1382:(4th ed.), John Wiley and Sons, p. 767,
1518:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 319.
1174:A key component of most military standards is
1134:The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (
1567:
1404:"Exploring the World of Fastener Head Styles"
8:
1455:
1453:
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1726:
1574:
1560:
1552:
1535:Standard Handbook of Fastening and Joining
598:6914 with DIN 6916 washer and UNI 5587 nut
328:Learn how and when to remove this message
310:Learn how and when to remove this message
252:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
339:
1224:
1130:ASME B18 standards on certain fasteners
1196:Fastener Quality Assurance Act of 1988
1154:B18.18 Quality Assurance For Fasteners
1124:European Industrial Fastener Institute
86:Please improve this article by adding
290:by removing references to unreliable
7:
294:where they are used inappropriately.
190:adding citations to reliable sources
1252:"Fasteners - Their Needs and Types"
1250:Stonecypher, Lamar (21 May 2009).
1213:Taiwan International Fastener Show
14:
1492:. U.S. Government Printing Office
1460:Tribune, Chicago (31 July 1988).
1145:B18.6.1 Wood Screws (Inch Series)
648:Other types of fastener include:
411:, or the use of other adhesives.
34:This article has multiple issues.
1169:United States Military Standards
1118:for fasteners, including the US
610:. The most common types are the
268:
166:
64:
23:
415:may also be used, such as with
177:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1120:Industrial Fasteners Institute
1:
975:(or bands of other materials)
88:secondary or tertiary sources
1582:Clothing materials and parts
1433:B & B Electro-Mechanical
1110:Standards & traceability
1050:Common head styles include:
1537:(3 ed.). McGraw Hill.
1376:Groover, Mikell P. (2010),
1046:Common fastener head styles
2013:
1429:"Why Traceability Matters"
1297:"Materials & Coatings"
631:captive threaded fasteners
606:has internal or external
1533:Parmley, Robert (1996).
1237:dictionary.cambridge.org
1352:AALL American Fasteners
859:solid/round head rivets
1326:"Best Screwdriver Set"
1256:Bright Hub Engineering
1091:Flange head fasteners:
1085:Square head fasteners:
1073:Socket head fasteners:
833:hook and loop fastener
599:
575:Materials to be joined
450:Furniture supplied in
349:
281:self-published sources
75:relies excessively on
1162:For military hardware
1061:Round head fasteners:
622:, possibly involving
593:
343:
1097:Wing head fasteners:
1055:Flat head fasteners:
828:hook-and-eye closure
572:Installation process
186:improve this article
1348:"Material Finishes"
1114:There are multiple
1079:Hex head fasteners:
1067:Pan head fasteners:
864:semi-tubular rivets
581:Weight restrictions
544:hot-dip galvanizing
464:conformat fasteners
344:Typical fasteners (
1773:Artificial leather
1588:Garment structures
1301:Fastener Solutions
600:
437:woodworking joints
360:(UK English) is a
350:
1982:
1981:
1806:
1805:
1615:Detachable collar
1389:978-0-470-46700-8
1103:T-slot fasteners:
869:blind (pop) rivet
604:threaded fastener
435:). Some types of
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1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1435:. Archived from
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1354:. Archived from
1344:
1338:
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1335:
1333:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1303:. Archived from
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1274:, archived from
1266:
1260:
1259:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1229:
1116:standards bodies
706:captive fastener
639:threaded inserts
594:Structural bolt
516:Fastenal Company
462:, also known as
454:form often uses
356:(US English) or
348:shown for scale)
333:
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1605:Clerical collar
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1527:Further reading
1524:
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1466:Chicago Tribune
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1204:
1188:
1164:
1132:
1112:
1048:
1043:
1019:tolerance rings
943:retaining rings
896:clevis fastener
664:bolt (fastener)
588:
552:
528:stainless steel
524:
511:
370:stainless steel
334:
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81:primary sources
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772:
770:Crocodile clip
767:
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748:
747:
742:
737:
732:
721:
720:
719:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
681:brass fastener
678:
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584:
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1924:Hook-and-loop
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1544:9780070485891
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1482:
1479:
1467:
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1456:
1454:
1450:
1439:on 2019-04-14
1438:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1409:
1408:DMS Fasteners
1405:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1372:
1369:
1358:on 2019-04-03
1357:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1307:on 2017-08-16
1306:
1302:
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1289:
1278:on 2008-06-13
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1199:
1197:
1193:
1190:In 1988, the
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984:snap fastener
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746:
745:lobster clasp
743:
741:
740:circle cotter
738:
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643:threaded rods
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608:screw threads
605:
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571:
568:
566:Accessibility
565:
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477:Items like a
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300:November 2017
293:
289:
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282:
277:This article
275:
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256:
253:
245:
242:November 2017
234:
231:
227:
224:
220:
217:
213:
210:
206:
203: –
202:
198:
197:Find sources:
191:
187:
181:
180:
175:This article
173:
169:
164:
163:
154:
151:
143:
140:November 2017
132:
129:
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122:
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111:
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104:
101: –
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
83:
82:
78:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1919:Hook-and-eye
1882:Back closure
1873:
1812:Animal hides
1687:Shoulder pad
1610:Collar stays
1534:
1513:
1506:
1494:. Retrieved
1488:
1481:
1469:. Retrieved
1465:
1441:. Retrieved
1437:the original
1432:
1423:
1412:. Retrieved
1410:. 2023-04-27
1407:
1398:
1378:
1371:
1360:. Retrieved
1356:the original
1351:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1328:. Prot Guide
1320:
1309:. Retrieved
1305:the original
1300:
1291:
1280:, retrieved
1276:the original
1270:
1264:
1255:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1195:
1189:
1180:supply chain
1176:traceability
1173:
1165:
1133:
1113:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1049:
1034:wedge anchor
1024:treasury tag
979:screw anchor
785:hairpin clip
765:Bulldog clip
647:
628:
603:
601:
560:
553:
550:Applications
532:carbon steel
525:
512:
495:plastic wrap
476:
463:
449:
425:suction cups
382:
374:carbon steel
357:
353:
351:
324:
306:
297:
286:Please help
278:
248:
239:
229:
222:
215:
208:
196:
184:Please help
179:verification
176:
146:
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
1208:Safety wire
1014:toggle bolt
973:rubber band
957:rivet-like
936:tapered pin
809:(thumbtack)
807:drawing pin
760:Binder clip
713:(or cramp)
654:anchor bolt
578:Reusability
536:alloy steel
433:sticky pads
427:), or even
378:alloy steel
1902:Buttonhole
1443:2017-01-16
1414:2024-02-19
1362:2017-01-16
1332:19 October
1311:2017-01-16
1282:2009-02-08
1219:References
931:spring pin
921:safety pin
795:terry clip
790:paper clip
780:Clothespin
723:clasp and
717:hose clamp
481:, string,
472:bread clip
458:locked by
456:cam dowels
346:US quarter
288:improve it
212:newspapers
201:"Fastener"
110:newspapers
99:"Fastener"
77:references
39:improve it
1995:Fasteners
1969:Waistline
1887:Belt hook
1874:Fasteners
1788:Polyester
1766:Synthetic
1707:Waistband
1029:twist tie
968:rock bolt
926:split pin
735:carabiner
730:bolt snap
696:cable tie
676:bolt snap
522:Materials
460:cam locks
452:flat-pack
393:soldering
358:fastening
45:talk page
1989:Category
1964:Bustline
1959:Neckline
1864:Stingray
1839:Kangaroo
1722:Textiles
1515:Sessions
1202:See also
1122:and the
999:stitches
989:snap-fit
961:well nut
911:linchpin
879:tent peg
509:Industry
445:biscuits
429:friction
385:crimping
362:hardware
354:fastener
1974:Hemline
1844:Ostrich
1816:leather
1798:Spandex
1778:Elastic
1730:Natural
1662:Placket
1595:Armscye
1496:3 March
1471:3 March
1186:History
948:circlip
886:PEM nut
823:grommet
775:circlip
725:shackle
624:washers
540:plating
503:springs
417:magnets
397:brazing
389:welding
292:sources
226:scholar
124:scholar
1941:Zipper
1929:Velcro
1897:Button
1892:Buckle
1737:Cotton
1697:Sleeve
1682:Ruffle
1677:Revers
1672:Pocket
1657:Lining
1632:Facing
1600:Collar
1541:
1386:
1039:zipper
994:staple
952:e-ring
916:R-clip
901:cotter
838:Velcro
813:flange
802:clutch
691:button
686:buckle
659:batten
641:, and
534:, and
499:hinges
441:dowels
431:(like
423:(like
421:vacuum
409:cement
405:gluing
401:taping
366:joints
228:
221:
214:
207:
199:
126:
119:
112:
105:
97:
1951:Seams
1912:Shank
1859:Snake
1854:Sheep
1793:Rayon
1783:Nylon
1747:Linen
1702:Train
1692:Strap
1667:Pleat
1642:Lapel
1004:strap
906:dowel
875:pegs
854:rivet
845:latch
756:clip
752:cleco
711:clamp
669:screw
612:screw
586:Types
493:, or
491:chain
487:cable
413:Force
376:, or
233:JSTOR
219:books
131:JSTOR
117:books
1936:Snap
1907:Frog
1849:Seal
1834:Goat
1829:Deer
1824:Calf
1757:Wool
1752:Silk
1712:Yoke
1647:Gore
1627:Dart
1622:Cuff
1539:ISBN
1498:2024
1473:2024
1384:ISBN
1334:2023
1136:ASME
891:pins
852:and
850:nail
818:frog
635:stud
620:bolt
618:and
556:load
501:and
483:wire
479:rope
205:news
103:news
1742:Fur
1652:Hem
1637:Fly
1009:tie
701:cam
616:nut
596:DIN
468:lid
443:or
188:by
79:to
1991::
1814:/
1464:.
1452:^
1431:.
1406:.
1350:.
1299:.
1254:.
1235:.
1126:.
645:.
637:,
633:,
626:.
614:,
602:A
546:.
530:,
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489:,
485:,
474:.
419:,
407:,
403:,
399:,
395:,
391:,
387:,
380:.
372:,
352:A
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1575:e
1568:t
1561:v
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1500:.
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331:)
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249:(
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240:(
230:·
223:·
216:·
209:·
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147:(
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138:(
128:·
121:·
114:·
107:·
84:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
