81:
45:
1385:
2249:
2263:
290:
1687:
have always been anthropomorphic, they were probably much less "naturalistic" or "realistic" before the arrival of the
Europeans in the nineteenth century; Kongo figures are more naturalistic in the coastal areas than inland. As Christians tend to think of spirits as objects of worship, idols become
1217:
on the
African coast, to various northern European versions of the word via the 1602 text of the Dutchman Pieter de Marees... The fetish, then, not only originated from, but remains specific to, the problem of the social value of material objects as revealed in situations formed by the encounter of
1720:
bears a relationship similar to that which Marx supposed that "political economy" bore to capitalism as its "religion", but not for the reasons advanced by Bosman, the
Enlightenment thinkers, and Hegel. The irrationally "animate" character of the ritual system's symbolic apparatus, including
1206:
My argument, then, is that the fetish could originate only in conjunction with the emergent articulation of the ideology of the commodity form that defined itself within and against the social values and religious ideologies of two radically different types of noncapitalist society, as they
1177:
has evolved from an idiom used to describe a type of object created in the interaction between
European travelers and Native West Africans in the early modern period to an analytical term that played a central role in the perception and study of non-Western art in general and African art in
1222:
Stallybrass concludes that "Pietz shows that the fetish as a concept was elaborated to demonize the supposedly arbitrary attachment of West
Africans to material objects. The European subject was constituted in opposition to a demonized fetishism, through the disavowal of the object."
1624:) itself was worshiped as a deity. Given the vagueness of such distinctions – further accentuated by the restricted usage of images (e.g., in painting or sculpture) – there was a tendency to ascribe special virtues to certain physical objects in place of the deity.
1727:, divination devices, and witch-testing ordeals, obliquely expressed real relations of power among the participants in ritual. "Fetishism" is about relations among people, rather than the objects that mediate and disguise those relations.
60:. Text: "The dancers all wore fetishes peculiar to the order, each having special significance. These consisted of several ropes of cane cut into beads and of rows of seeds which had been bored and filled with Bundu (Sande) medicine."
1218:
radically heterogeneous social systems, and a study of the history of the idea of the fetish may be guided by identifying those themes that persist throughout the various discourses and disciplines that have appropriated the term.
1376:. According to Hegel, Africans were incapable of abstract thought, their ideas and actions were governed by impulse, and therefore a fetish object could be anything that then was arbitrarily imbued with "imaginary powers".
2170:
A Study of Shinto: The
Religion of the Japanese Nation, By Genchi Katu, Copyright Year 2011, ISBN 9780415845762, Published February 27, 2013 by Routledge, Chapter III Fetishism and Phallicism
1331:
The eighteenth-century intellectuals who articulated the theory of fetishism encountered this notion in descriptions of "Guinea" contained in such popular voyage collections as
Ramusio's
1707:" because they are sometimes rendered in human form or semi-human form. Modern anthropology has generally referred to these objects either as "power objects" or as "charms".
1188:
during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Pietz distinguishes between, on the one hand, actual
African objects that may be called fetishes in Europe, together with the
1207:
encountered each other in an ongoing cross-cultural situation. This process is indicated in the history of the word itself as it developed from the late medieval
Portuguese
1095:
2301:
1737:
a fetish is to translate "certain Kongo realities into the categories developed in the emergent social sciences of nineteenth century, post-enlightenment Europe."
44:
1199:
concept of "fetish" emerged from the encounter between
Europeans and Africans in a very specific historical context and in response to African material culture.
2186:
SHINTO (THE WAY OF THE GODS) BY W. G. ASTON, C.M.G, D.Lit., LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK AND BOMBAY, 1905, p.65-75, p.73, p.159
646:
402:
80:
2195:
KOKUTAI - POLITICAL SHINTÔ FROM EARLY-MODERN TO CONTEMPORARY JAPAN, Klaus Antoni, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen: Tobias-lib Tübingen 2016, p259
1844:
603:
1457:
priest and scholar of comparative religion, applied the term "fetish" to the historical study of traditional Japanese religion. He cited jewelry,
1088:
2021:
1372:
1235:
developed the concept of the fetish to refer to the objects used in religious practices by West African natives. The contemporary Portuguese
1598:('spirit') of a deity first as the seat of his or her real presence, and secondly as the deity itself. In practice, the distinction between
2294:
848:
422:
2855:
1400:
The use of the concept in the study of religion derives from studies of traditional West African religious beliefs, as well as from
1081:
1666:
2593:
135:
2287:
1994:
1640:
1184:, who, in 1994, conducted an extensive ethno-historical study of the fetish, argues that the term originated in the coast of
512:
2267:
740:
285:
220:
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1947:(9). The President and Fellows of Harvard College acting through the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology: 5–17.
1688:
the objects of idolatry when worship was addressed to false gods. In this way, European Christian colonialists regarded
1542:
1530:
1516:, which was believed to provide supernatural protection ('blessings'), was deified and enshrined (at what is now the
2860:
2513:
38:
1493:
1408:
1297:
961:
818:
1797:(the 'spirit' of the language) as "the single most important fetish term in the entire modern myth of Nihongo."
710:
562:
175:
72:
1192:, and on the other hand, "fetish", an idea, and an idea of a kind of object, to which the term above applies.
2687:
2627:
1643:(1890) were also often worshipped as "fetishes", and were respectfully placed and kept in household altars (
1273:
893:
843:
624:
457:
245:
1535:, was said to have originally been a red ball before transforming into a beautiful woman. The jewel around
1482:
838:
670:
665:
527:
260:
1836:
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1873:
1071:
853:
690:
582:
577:
532:
502:
1525:
2875:
2488:
1982:
1551:
1120:. Essentially, fetishism is the attribution of inherent non-material value, or powers, to an object.
1000:
725:
610:
572:
170:
120:
2109:
1751:
1681:) is a sculptural object that provides a local habitation for a spiritual personality. Though some
1511:
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1067:
907:
685:
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as examples of fetishism in Shinto. In rural areas of Japan, he said he could find many traces of
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1956:
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1448:
1443:
1401:
1293:
1289:
873:
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522:
297:
160:
2154:
Dr. Genchi Kato's monumental work on Shinto, Daniel C. Holtom. 明治聖徳記念学会第47巻、昭和12年 1937/04/ p7-14
1560:
could be seen as an example of fetishism. Originally an offering, the enshrined sword became a
1384:
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2137:
2017:
1990:
1628:
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1344:
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492:
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411:
329:
2011:
2865:
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2538:
2218:
2055:
1948:
1907:
1305:
1025:
784:
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720:
552:
31:
1049:
2753:
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1141:
1117:
1020:
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833:
654:
517:
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130:
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1420:
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1328:
would classify some artifacts of polytheistic and monotheistic religions as fetishes.
1030:
1005:
878:
497:
437:
432:
2248:
2016:. The Middle Ages Series. University of Pennsylvania Press, Incorporated. p. 31.
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1936:
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49:
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2433:
2396:
2347:
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1325:
1312:, wherein he posited fetishism as the earliest (most primitive) stage, followed by
1113:
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53:
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even came to be identified as the god's body. For example, the cooking furnace (
1521:
1366:
The theory of fetishism was articulated at the end of the eighteenth century by
1321:
1251:
1185:
981:
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255:
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57:
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1911:
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2717:
2702:
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2588:
2483:
2418:
2406:
2386:
2354:
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1952:
1716:
is a fetish, William McGaffey writes that the Kongo ritual system as a whole,
1704:
1478:
1317:
1313:
1263:
1202:
He begins his thesis with an introduction to the complex history of the word:
971:
705:
467:
371:
200:
195:
180:
165:
155:
150:
125:
115:
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2230:
2141:
1867:
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2548:
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2412:
1044:
946:
932:
863:
828:
808:
789:
774:
319:
230:
100:
2672:
2443:
2361:
344:
17:
2262:
2046:(Spring 1987). "The Problem of the Fetish, II: The Origin of the Fetish".
1898:
MacGaffey, Wyatt (Spring 1994). "African objects and the idea of fetish".
2794:
2758:
2578:
2463:
2453:
2401:
2314:
1791:
1646:
1504:
1474:
1309:
1282:
1121:
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966:
956:
922:
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900:
823:
754:
747:
735:
354:
314:
309:
2279:
2125:
2067:
1960:
1128:
are related. Fetishes are often used in spiritual or religious context.
2682:
2615:
2598:
2207:"The Japanese Language in the Eyes of Postwar Japan – A Review Article"
2206:
1782:
1634:
1573:
1470:
1389:
1056:
1037:
993:
888:
779:
105:
2677:
2652:
2632:
2391:
2335:
2310:
1619:
1593:
1570:'spirit representative', 'spirit-token'), more commonly known as the
1498:
1466:
1458:
1454:
1416:
1125:
976:
730:
715:
695:
349:
210:
190:
110:
2222:
1496:
retained the same traits, and pointed out the similarities with the
2834:
2657:
2608:
2508:
2438:
2375:
2371:
2091:
Astonishment & Power, The Eyes of Understanding: Kongo Minkisi
1671:
1159:
951:
939:
675:
334:
324:
250:
2543:
2468:
1869:
The origin of fetishism: A contribution to the history of theory
1590:
or 'spirit'). Aston observed that people tended to think of the
1585:
1428:
1412:
1393:
1257:
680:
339:
2283:
1432:
794:
1631:(1924–2014) observed that the pamphlet of the nationalistic
1987:
Consumption : critical concepts in the social sciences
1508:
of the Central Australians. He noted that the divine sword
1502:
heirlooms of the natives of the East Indies and the sacred
2126:"Katō Genchi: A Neglected Pioneer in Comparative Religion"
27:
Human attribution of special powers or value to an object
1288:
The concept was popularized in Europe circa 1757, when
1116:
powers, or in particular, a human-made object that has
1789:
1780:
1644:
1632:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1571:
1561:
1555:
1540:
1509:
1872:(Ph.D. diss.). University of California, Santa Cruz.
2013:
The Visual Object of Desire in Late Medieval England
2777:
2736:
2321:
1292:used it in comparing West African religion to the
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1236:
1208:
1153:
1939:(Spring 1985). "The Problem of the Fetish, I".
1357:A New General Collection of Voyages and Travels
2352:
1255:, or more potentially offensive terms such as
2613:
2333:
2295:
1089:
85:Two ancient anthropomorphic figures from Peru
8:
1931:
1929:
1404:, which in turn derives from those beliefs.
1285:issued polemics that anticipated fetishism.
1144:
1732:
1722:
1711:
1698:
1689:
1682:
1676:
1582:'god-body'; a sacred object containing the
1579:
1567:
1168:
1162:
2302:
2288:
2280:
1304:employed the concept in his theory of the
1158:("spell"), which in turn derives from the
1096:
1082:
63:
1731:Therefore, McGaffey concludes, to call a
1694:as idols on the basis of religious bias.
1989:(1. publ. ed.). London: Routledge.
1710:In addressing the question of whether a
1383:
1241:may refer to more neutral terms such as
604:Anthropological Perspectives on Religion
43:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
1810:
1768:
1627:In modern times, the American linguist
71:
48:Teenage girls being initiated into the
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2274:The Catholic Encyclopaedia: Fetishism
2130:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
2102:
2100:
1847:from the original on 13 November 2013
1550:The Anglo-Irish diplomat and scholar
1431:was the pathfinder, the cause of the
1373:Lectures on the Philosophy of History
7:
1697:The foreign Christians often called
1407:Fetishes were commonly used in some
293:Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
1779:surrounding the national language (
1213:, to the sixteenth-century pidgin
423:Archaeology of religion and ritual
25:
2093:. National Museum of African Art.
1554:(1841–1911) also maintained that
1349:Collection of Voyages and Travels
2261:
2247:
2048:RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics
1941:RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics
1900:RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics
1411:and practices. For example, the
79:
1539:'s neck was deified and called
136:Evolutionary origin of religion
2353:
2113:. August 2008. pp. 56–63.
2107:"Animals: fact and folklore".
1641:Imperial Rescript on Education
1481:. He also maintained that the
1112:is an object believed to have
291:Treatise on the Apparitions of
1:
2252:The dictionary definition of
1985:(2001). Daniel Miller (ed.).
1361:Histoire generale des voyages
741:Traditional African religions
286:Coral Gardens and Their Magic
2268:Category:Religious fetishism
2211:The Journal of Asian Studies
1639:proclamation (1937) and the
2124:Hylkema-Vos, Naomi (1990).
1841:Online Etymology Dictionary
1790:
1781:
1645:
1633:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1592:
1584:
1572:
1562:
1556:
1541:
1510:
1190:indigenous theories of them
2892:
2060:10.1086/RESv13n1ms20166762
1912:10.1086/RESv25n1ms20166895
1703:"fetishes" and sometimes "
1388:A voodoo fetish market in
39:Fetishism (disambiguation)
36:
29:
2614:
2334:
2089:MacGaffey, Wyatt (1993).
1953:10.1086/RESv9n1ms20166719
1775:In his discussion of the
1494:Imperial Regalia of Japan
1427:was the warrior, and the
1409:Native American religions
1298:ancient Egyptian religion
819:Armenian Apostolic Church
2856:Anthropology of religion
1195:According to Pietz, the
711:Native American religion
366:Revitalization movements
221:Sacred–profane dichotomy
73:Anthropology of religion
30:Not to be confused with
2628:Pictish painted pebbles
1866:Pietz, William (1988).
1149:, which comes from the
625:The Journal of Religion
246:Theories about religion
2205:Chew, John J. (1984).
1777:Japanese identity myth
1733:
1729:
1723:
1712:
1699:
1690:
1683:
1677:
1524:, the female deity of
1492:were fetishes and the
1423:was the provider, the
1397:
1359:(1746), and Prevost's
1237:
1220:
1209:
1173:("to make"). The term
1169:
1163:
1154:
1145:
671:Alaska Native religion
666:Afro-American religion
261:Veneration of the dead
61:
2010:Stanbury, S. (2015).
1718:
1661:Made and used by the
1387:
1333:Viaggio e Navigazioni
1204:
1072:cultural anthropology
691:Chinese folk religion
583:Anthony F. C. Wallace
578:Daniel Martin Varisco
503:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
405:of the Religious Life
47:
2270:at Wikimedia Commons
1787:), Miller described
1758:Notes and references
1552:William George Aston
1483:Ten Sacred Treasures
726:Shamanism in Siberia
573:Edward Burnett Tylor
403:The Elementary Forms
171:Magic (supernatural)
121:Comparative religion
37:For other uses, see
2110:New Mexico Magazine
1752:Commodity fetishism
1557:Kusanagi no Tsurugi
1512:Kusanagi no Tsurugi
1341:Hakluytus Posthumus
1167:("artificial") and
908:Hindu denominations
849:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
618:The Hibbert Journal
528:Claude Lévi-Strauss
513:Fustel de Coulanges
67:Part of a series on
2810:Magic and religion
1983:Stallybrass, Peter
1823:and its Hinterland
1543:Mikuratana-no-kami
1398:
1339:(1597), Purchas's
1290:Charles de Brosses
962:Non-denominational
874:Oriental Orthodoxy
428:Poles in mythology
161:Laying on of hands
62:
2861:Religious objects
2843:
2842:
2276:pp. 147–159.
2266:Media related to
2023:978-1-5128-0829-2
1835:Harper, Douglas.
1817:T. J. Alldridge,
1629:Roy Andrew Miller
1537:Izanagi-no-Mikoto
1526:Hiyurikuso Shrine
1522:Akaruhime no Kami
1477:, fetishism, and
1335:(1550), de Bry's
1140:derives from the
1118:power over others
1106:
1105:
894:Russian Orthodoxy
844:Eastern Orthodoxy
493:Arnold van Gennep
412:Purity and Danger
16:(Redirected from
2883:
2825:Religious fetish
2820:Numismatic charm
2785:Apotropaic magic
2778:Related articles
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553:Marshall Sahlins
395:Related articles
83:
64:
32:Sexual fetishism
21:
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2754:Seal of Solomon
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1610:was fluid, and
1528:
1485:
1453:(1873–1965), a
1446:
1441:
1382:
1281:. The medieval
1231:Initially, the
1229:
1134:
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1061:
854:Greek Orthodoxy
834:Catholic Church
650:
649:
638:
637:
598:
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563:Stanley Tambiah
518:Clifford Geertz
473:Joseph Campbell
458:Augustin Calmet
453:
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451:Major theorists
443:
442:
418:Myth and ritual
404:
397:
396:
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216:Sacred language
206:Rite of passage
131:Divine language
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2723:Witch bottle
2688:Thunderstone
2663:Sator Square
2584:Medicine bag
2554:Kagome crest
2449:Dreamcatcher
2434:Dacian Draco
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2397:Celtic cross
2348:Axe of Perun
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2027:. Retrieved
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869:Nestorianism
802:Christianity
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623:
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548:Saba Mahmood
523:Robin Horton
508:James Frazer
478:Mary Douglas
410:
401:
298:Neo-Paganism
274:Case studies
241:Superstition
236:Soul dualism
146:Great Spirit
140:
54:Sierra Leone
2876:Cult images
2764:Uncial 0152
2713:Voodoo doll
2708:Troll cross
2698:Touch piece
2569:Koan kroach
2564:Kanai Anzen
2559:Kagura suzu
2534:I'noGo tied
2519:Horse brass
2329:Abracadabra
1906:: 123–131.
1665:of western
1563:mitamashiro
1529: [
1486: [
1447: [
1444:Katō Genchi
1322:ethnography
1320:. However,
1296:aspects of
1279:bewitchment
1274:conjuration
1252:abracadabra
1247:enchantment
1186:West Africa
928:Vaishnavism
859:Lutheranism
814:Anglicanism
498:René Girard
377:Ghost Dance
256:Transtheism
226:Sacred site
186:Nympholepsy
58:West Africa
18:Fetishistic
2850:Categories
2815:Numerology
2769:Wolfsangel
2718:Witch ball
2703:Triskelion
2643:Red string
2623:Palad khik
2484:Gorgoneion
2419:Corn dolly
2407:Cornicello
2387:Bullroarer
2355:Azusa Yumi
2029:2023-06-14
1996:0415242673
1805:References
1479:phallicism
1318:monotheism
1314:polytheism
1264:witchcraft
1233:Portuguese
1151:Portuguese
1050:Śvetāmbara
686:Böö mörgöl
468:Talal Asad
372:Cargo cult
201:Polytheism
196:Pilgrimage
181:Monotheism
166:Liminality
156:Initiation
151:Henotheism
126:Divination
116:Communitas
2871:Talismans
2800:Feng shui
2749:Navaratna
2737:Talismans
2549:Kabura-ya
2529:Hoko doll
2524:Horseshoe
2504:Hama yumi
2489:Gris-gris
2474:God's eye
2459:Elf-arrow
2413:Crepundia
2315:talismans
2231:0021-9118
2142:0304-1042
2076:151350653
1969:164933628
1920:191127564
1878:303717649
1345:Churchill
1306:evolution
1300:. Later,
1164:facticius
1136:The word
1122:Talismans
1045:Digambara
987:Yazdânism
967:Quranists
947:Ahmadiyya
933:Ayyavazhi
864:Methodism
829:Calvinism
809:Adventism
790:Vajrayana
775:Theravada
765:Pure Land
647:Religions
320:Bobohizan
231:Shamanism
141:Fetishism
101:Afterlife
2795:Evil eye
2759:Swastika
2579:Mandrake
2464:Fascinus
2454:Dzi bead
2402:Cimaruta
2068:20166762
1961:20166719
1874:ProQuest
1845:Archived
1825:, (1901)
1792:kotodama
1741:See also
1675:(plural
1647:kamidana
1505:Tjurunga
1475:totemism
1380:Practice
1363:(1748).
1351:(1732),
1343:(1625),
1310:religion
1283:Lollards
1269:witchery
1026:Orthodox
1016:Haymanot
957:Mahdavia
923:Smartism
918:Shaktism
913:Shaivism
901:Hinduism
824:Baptists
760:Nichiren
755:Mahayana
748:Buddhism
736:Tengrism
611:Folklore
596:Journals
355:Slametan
315:Babaylan
310:Angakkuq
2866:Amulets
2683:Thokcha
2616:Omamori
2599:Mugwort
2589:Mjölnir
2499:Hama ya
2322:Amulets
2311:Amulets
1851:2 March
1821:Sherbro
1783:Nihongo
1724:minkisi
1691:minkisi
1684:minkisi
1678:minkisi
1663:BaKongo
1656:Minkisi
1613:shintai
1607:shintai
1574:shintai
1471:animism
1467:scarves
1463:mirrors
1421:buffalo
1294:magical
1238:feitiço
1227:History
1215:Fetisso
1210:feitiço
1155:feitiço
1146:fétiche
1126:amulets
1057:Sikhism
1038:Jainism
1021:Karaite
1011:Hasidic
994:Judaism
889:Quakers
785:Tibetan
780:Tiantai
770:Shingon
706:Kejawèn
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