383:, a disorder that affects repolarisation (relaxing) of the heart after a heartbeat, giving rise to an abnormally lengthy QT interval. It can cause fast, chaotic heartbeats, and can be life-threatening. Vinuesa found Folbigg's mutation to be significant, as other calmodulin variants have been associated with severe cardiac disorders and sudden death in infancy.
1171:
Crotti, Lia; Johnson, Christopher N.; Graf, Elisabeth; De
Ferrari, Gaetano M.; Cuneo, Bettina F.; Ovadia, Marc; Papagiannis, John; Feldkamp, Michael D.; Rathi, Subodh G.; Kunic, Jennifer D.; Pedrazzini, Matteo; Wieland, Thomas; Lichtner, Peter; Beckman, Britt-Maria; Clark, Travis; Shaffer, Christian;
143:
Kathleen
Donovan was born on 14 June 1967 in Australia. On 8 January 1969, her biological father, Thomas John "Taffy" Britton, murdered her mother, Kathleen May Donovan, by stabbing her 24 times. Kathleen was 18 months old. Her father was arrested the day after the murder, and would go on to serve 15
106:
No direct evidence of the alleged crimes was ever found, but in the personal diary discovered by her husband and handed over to the police, several entries seemed to suggest she might have harmed, and indeed murdered, her children. She was arrested in 2001 and convicted in 2003, sentenced to 40 years
374:
and one of the first people in
Australia to use genomic sequencing to link diseases to genetic variation, to examine the DNA samples of Folbigg's deceased children. Vinuesa and her colleague, geneticist Todor Arsov, first started with Folbigg's DNA, and both found a mutation in her CALM2 gene. CALM2
351:
more strongly supported death by natural causes than did smothering, for which no evidence existed. Regarding the expert testimony from 2003, he stated, "In my view, it is wrong to rely on the forensic pathology evidence provided in this case to support the conclusion that one or more of the
Folbigg
288:
The defense pointed out that there were no direct admissions to the killings in
Folbigg's journal entries, and that any entries indirectly suggesting her responsibility could be chalked up to a typical grieving mother's guilt. Folbigg appeared genuinely distraught to ambulance and police responders
189:
Patrick Allen
Folbigg was born on 3 June 1990. Craig remained at home to help care for his wife and baby for three months after the birth. On 18 October, Folbigg put Patrick to bed. Craig was awakened by the sounds of his wife screaming and found her standing at the baby's cot. He noticed the child
152:
with a couple. On 18 July 1970, she was removed from their care and placed into Bidura
Children's Home. Two months later, Folbigg moved into a permanent foster care placement. Here she also met her foster sister, Lea Bown. This arrangement lasted until she was a young adult. She left school at the
362:
announced there would be an inquiry into the convictions, to "ensure public confidence in the administration of justice". "The petition appears to raise a doubt or question concerning the evidence as to the incidence of reported deaths of three or more infants in the same family attributed to
103:; born 14 June 1967) is an Australian woman who was wrongfully convicted in 2003 of murdering her four infant children. She was pardoned in 2023 after 20 years in jail following a long campaign for justice by her supporters, and had her convictions overturned on appeal a few months later.
479:
mutation carried by
Kathleen and her two girls altered their heart rhythm, predisposing them to sudden unexpected death possibly precipitated by their intercurrent infections (respiratory tract infection in Sarah; myocarditis in Laura) and/or by medications such as Laura's
1103:
Jiménez-Jáimez, Juan; Doza, Julián
Palomino; Ortega, Ángeles; Macías-Ruiz, Rosa; Perin, Francesca; Rodríguez-Vázquez del Rey, M. Mar; Ortiz-Genga, Martín; Monserrat, Lorenzo; Barriales-Villa, Roberto; Blanca, Enrique; Álvarez, Miguel; Tercedor, Luis (21 April 2016).
114:
Scientific and medical research suggesting the daughters might indeed have died of natural causes was rejected by a judicial inquiry in 2019. Subsequent research published in 2020 led ninety eminent
Australian scientists and medical professionals, in March 2021, to
276:
made the case that Folbigg did not kill or harm her children and that she did not think that Craig was responsible either. Although prosecution witnesses were concerned about the lack of prodromal (early-warning) symptoms in any of the children, the defence posed
177:, something he would eventually outgrow; he was otherwise born healthy. On 20 February, Caleb died in his sleep, in a room adjoining his parents' bedroom. During the night, Caleb stirred from midnight until 2 am. Found by Folbigg, the death was attributed to
305:
jury of the following crimes: three counts of murder, one count of manslaughter and one count of maliciously inflicting grievous bodily harm. On 24 October 2003, Folbigg was sentenced to forty years' imprisonment with a non-parole period of thirty years.
330:
in which she argued that Kathleen Folbigg had been wrongfully convicted on the basis of misleading medical evidence and unduly prejudicial interpretations of Ms. Folbigg's diaries. This book and its conclusions received considerable media attention.
285:. The defence highlighted that Folbigg was a caring mother, pointing to journal entries that showed the care and concern that she gave her children. Some of her acquaintances gave statements to investigators about her caring nature.
522:, UK serial child killer who confessed after a campaign to free her, leading to her judge to state that it was a "timely" reminder that "not all mothers in prison for killing their children are victims of miscarriages of justice".
491:
in mice, with one mutation inherited from their mother and the second one likely inherited from their father Craig. Patrick had epileptic seizures prior to his death. None of the four showed signs of smothering in the autopsy.
1032:
484:. Mutations in CALM2 are observed at a very low frequency, occurring in approximately 1 out of every 35 million individuals. The CALM2 gene encodes a protein that plays a critical role in the regulation of heart rhythm.
352:
children are the victims of a homicide. There is no merit in forcing certainty where uncertainty exists. The very existence of the enigma of SIDS demonstrates how little we know about why some babies die."
289:
to the scene. They pointed out that no physical evidence could link Folbigg to murder; it was an entirely circumstantial case with very little consensus among the scientific experts who testified at trial.
721:
Brohus, Malene; Arsov, Todor; Wallace, David A.; Jensen, Helene Halkjær; Nyegaard, Mette; Crotti, Lia; Adamski, Marcin; Zhang, Yafei; Field, Matt A.; Athanasopoulos, Vicki; Baró, Isabelle (8 March 2021).
334:
In 2013, a team of lawyers in Newcastle, where the Folbiggs had lived, took on her case. They enlisted several medical experts, including Stephen Cordner, a renowned forensic pathologist at Melbourne's
314:
On 17 February 2005, the court reduced her sentence to thirty years' imprisonment with a non-parole period of twenty-five years on appeal. Due to the nature of her purported crimes, Folbigg resided in
258:
alleged Folbigg murdered her four children by smothering them during periods of frustration. Their case relied on the improbability of all four children dying of natural causes, citing the now-dubious
487:
The other two children, Caleb and Patrick, each carried two potentially lethal genetic mutations in the gene BSN (Bassoon Presynaptic Cytomatrix Protein), which is linked to early onset lethal
648:
475:
Genetic evidence published in November 2020 showed that at least two of the children had genetic mutations that predisposed them to sudden cardiac death. The researchers concluded that the
699:
1378:
1694:
850:
390:, a former chief judge of the District Court found he did not have "any reasonable doubt as to the guilt of Kathleen Megan Folbigg for the offences of which she was convicted".
467:
to pardon Folbigg, and providing compelling scientific and medical explanations for each of the deaths. On 5 June 2023, Kathleen Folbigg was granted an unconditional pardon.
956:
1222:
1476:
624:
1699:
1674:
1076:
318:
to prevent possible violence by other inmates. Nevertheless, after a transfer of prisons, Folbigg was savagely beaten by another inmate on 1 January 2021.
1684:
660:
1013:
884:
809:
435:
689:
1172:
Benson, Woodrow; Kääb, Stefan; Meitinger, Thomas; Strom, Tim M.; Chazin, Walter J.; Schwartz, Peter J.; George, Jr., Alfred L. (5 March 2013).
1274:
1645:
1622:
554:
1502:
1447:
1049:
1248:
355:
In June 2015, Folbigg's legal team delivered an official petition, including Cordner's report, to the Attorney-General's office in Sydney.
1351:
1106:"Calmodulin 2 Mutation N98S Is Associated with Unexplained Cardiac Arrest in Infants Due to Low Clinical Penetrance Electrical Disorders"
842:
694:
1300:
398:
Folbigg's legal team promptly called for a review of the inquiry, citing "bias". The new evidence was presented to the appeal to the
1326:
602:
576:
1599:
379:
family, which among other things help regulate the heart's expansions and contractions. Many CALM gene variations are linked with
302:
1014:"How Australian Story's coverage of Kathleen Folbigg's case helped kickstart the scientific research that ultimately freed her"
399:
203:
371:
251:
In 1999, Kathleen Folbigg had been incriminated by her own husband, but it was not until April 2001 that she was arrested.
1452:
665:
460:
191:
107:
with a non-parole period of 30 years. Folbigg maintained her innocence, however, claiming the four children had died from
340:
178:
510:, a New Zealand–born Australian woman who was wrongfully convicted in one of Australia's most publicised murder trials.
210:. On 18 February 1991, Folbigg telephoned her husband at work to report Patrick's death, saying "It's happened again!"
690:"Kathleen Folbigg conviction questioned after scientists discover genetic mutation which 'likely' killed two children"
507:
464:
120:
1689:
419:
235:
127:
Folbigg. The petition succinctly demonstrated that all four deaths could be explained as the effects of very rare
934:
223:
219:
1433:
238:. On 7 August 1997, Laura Elizabeth Folbigg was born. On 27 February 1999, Laura died, at the age of 18 months.
456:
367:
62:
981:
898:
843:"Genetics may free a woman convicted of killing her 4 babies and help other parents explain the unexplainable"
194:. An ambulance was called and Patrick was taken to hospital. He would later be diagnosed to be suffering from
1327:"Live moment: Kathleen Folbigg to be pardoned after spending 20 years in jail over killing her four children"
153:
age of fifteen, and married Craig Gibson Folbigg in 1987, a marriage that was to end in 2000 with a divorce.
1406:
1679:
1477:"Kathleen Folbigg's children likely died of natural causes, not murder. Here's the evidence my team found"
266:: "One sudden infant death is a tragedy, two is suspicious and three is murder, until proven otherwise."
1669:
504:, a British mother whose conviction for killing her two infant sons was overturned by medical evidence.
1379:"Wrongfully jailed for 20 years, Australia's 'most hated woman' likely to receive record compensation"
1664:
1637:
1223:"Inquiry 'reinforces guilt' of convicted child killer Kathleen Folbigg, former chief judge concludes"
1117:
431:
387:
169:
Caleb Gibson Folbigg, born on 1 February 1989, was known to breathe noisily and was diagnosed by a
544:
226:. Sarah Kathleen Folbigg was born on 14 October 1992, and died on 29 August 1993, aged 10 months.
513:
315:
199:
929:
805:
339:, whose 121-page report argued that Sarah's death appeared to be an almost textbook example of
1641:
1618:
1595:
1203:
1153:
1135:
880:
771:
753:
414:
announced another inquiry into Folbigg's convictions. On 5 June 2023 the NSW Attorney-General
363:
unidentified natural causes in the proceedings leading to Ms Folbigg's convictions," he said.
336:
1301:"Another inquiry into Kathleen Folbigg's four convictions for killing her children announced"
723:
269:
During a jury replay of Folbigg's police interview, she attempted to run from the courtroom.
1411:
1193:
1185:
1143:
1125:
903:
761:
743:
735:
380:
132:
1503:"The science that unlocked a rare genetic mutation in the Folbiggs — and set Kathleen free"
1352:"Kathleen Folbigg case referred for possible appeal after final conviction report released"
1614:
519:
481:
439:
259:
161:
The Folbigg couple had four children, but one child after another died in early infancy.
1121:
1198:
1173:
1148:
1105:
766:
344:
278:
174:
108:
1556:
1249:"Kathleen Folbigg inquiry into her four convictions reinforces her guilt, judge finds"
1189:
516:, an American woman who was wrongfully convicted of murder after the death of her son.
1658:
1275:"Kathleen Folbigg's lawyers call for new review, claiming last inquiry showed 'bias'"
577:"Kathleen Folbigg pardoned after 20 years in jail, as ex-husband maintains her guilt"
415:
411:
359:
273:
170:
1530:
1591:
1383:
1081:
455:
On 4 March 2021, a petition signed by more than 100 eminent scientists, including
1130:
957:"Kathleen Folbigg: Notorious serial killer savagely bashed after moving prisons"
501:
442:
her previous convictions, finding that there was reasonable doubt of her guilt.
348:
298:
282:
255:
149:
144:
years in prison for murder before being deported to England. Folbigg was made a
739:
995:
376:
326:
In 2011, an Australian legal academic, Emma Cunliffe, published a book titled
263:
145:
131:
factors. On 5 June 2023, Folbigg was unconditionally pardoned by NSW Governor
1139:
996:"EXTRA MINUTES | EXTENDED INTERVIEW | Legal academic Emma Cunliffe"
757:
438:
to consider whether she should be exonerated. On 14 December 2023, the court
1531:"Kathleen Folbigg: Could science free Australian jailed for killing babies?"
1207:
1157:
1050:"Kathleen Folbigg: NSW Attorney-General announces inquiry into convictions"
775:
603:"Kathleen Folbigg has convictions for killing her four children overturned"
206:
would go unexplained. He died four months later (February 13, 1991) due to
1174:"Calmodulin Mutations Associated with Recurrent Cardiac Arrest in Infants"
1077:"Kathleen Folbigg: NSW announces inquiry into serial killer's convictions"
625:"Top court takes historic step of quashing Kathleen Folbigg's convictions"
1448:"Nobel Laureates and leading scientists call for Kathleen Folbigg pardon"
488:
195:
128:
116:
748:
549:
358:
Three years later, on 22 August 2018, New South Wales Attorney-General
207:
17:
1588:
When the Bough Breaks: The True Story of Child Killer Kathleen Folbigg
661:"Statement from the Australian Academy of Science – Kathleen Folbigg"
124:
649:
Inside serial baby killer Kathleen Folbigg's violent and tragic life
281:
for the events such as cot death and, in the case of Laura's death,
476:
1325:
Heath Parkes-Hupton; Jamelle Wells; Ursula Malone (5 June 2023).
1221:
Cormack, Lucy; Thompson, Angus; Bourke, Latika (22 July 2019).
422:
and pardon Folbigg. She was released from prison the same day.
1407:"4 Dead Infants, a Convicted Mother, and a Genetic Mystery"
434:
reported that Folbigg would have her case referred to the
1434:"Petition to Governor for Pardon – the Injustice Project"
386:
However, in the 500-page report, released in July 2019,
418:
advised the Governor Margaret Beazley to exercise the
1634:
The Big Folbigg Mistake: A Mother's Fight for Justice
1299:
Heath Parkes-Hupton; Giselle Wakatama (18 May 2022).
1033:"Report and Opinion in the Case of Kathleen Folbigg"
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
86:
78:
70:
41:
34:
218:Following their second loss, the couple moved to
190:was not breathing and attempted to revive him by
543:Szego, Julie; Cauchi, Stephen (30 August 2003).
254:Folbigg's trial lasted seven weeks in 2003. The
724:"Infanticide vs. inherited cardiac arrhythmias"
262:, a maxim attributed to British paediatrician
1695:People convicted of murder by New South Wales
872:
870:
868:
644:
642:
627:. The Sydney Morning Herald. 14 December 2023
82:Wrongly accused of murdering her own children
8:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
402:. The appeal was rejected on 24 March 2021.
923:
921:
1475:Vinuesa, Carola Garcia de (4 March 2021).
31:
1197:
1147:
1129:
765:
747:
366:Folbigg's legal team then approached Dr.
538:
536:
347:, Patrick's severe seizures and Laura's
532:
1273:McDermott, Quentin (30 October 2019).
841:Hollingsworth, Julia (20 March 2021).
1700:People wrongfully convicted of murder
1675:Australian people convicted of murder
1525:
1523:
688:McDermott, Quentin (19 August 2020).
7:
930:"A day later, little Laura was dead"
173:to be suffering from a mild case of
1557:"Three extra years for baby killer"
1501:Hanrahan, Cahterine (5 June 2023).
1405:Schwartz, Oscar (9 December 2021).
1377:Bezley, Jordyn (14 December 2023).
1075:McGowan, Michael (22 August 2018).
1685:Medical controversies in Australia
853:from the original on 20 March 2021
702:from the original on 20 March 2021
394:Appeal against the judicial review
297:On 21 May 2003, Folbigg was found
25:
1190:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.001216
982:"Murder, Medicine and Motherhood"
410:On 18 May 2022, Attorney-General
1611:Murder, Medicine, and Motherhood
928:Glendinning, Lee (23 May 2003).
557:from the original on 20 May 2008
303:Supreme Court of New South Wales
400:New South Wales Court of Appeal
328:Murder, Medicine and Motherhood
222:, New South Wales, a suburb of
204:apparent life-threatening event
27:Australian exoneree (born 1967)
446:Scientific and medical opinion
372:Australian National University
135:and was released from prison.
1:
1453:Australian Academy of Science
666:Australian Academy of Science
461:Australian Academy of Science
375:is one of three genes in the
234:In 1996, the couple moved to
192:cardiopulmonary resuscitation
1131:10.1371/journal.pone.0153851
899:"Folbigg evidence revisited"
897:Swain, Emma (31 July 2014).
605:. ABC News. 14 December 2023
457:Dr. Carola García de Vinuesa
341:sudden infant death syndrome
179:Sudden infant death syndrome
508:Lindy Chamberlain-Creighton
1716:
1247:Sas, Nick (23 July 2019).
420:royal prerogative of mercy
343:or SIDS, and that Caleb's
1227:The Sydney Morning Herald
935:The Sydney Morning Herald
883: (17 February 2005),
806:[2007] NSWCCA 128
181:. Caleb was 19 days old.
885:Court of Criminal Appeal
881:[2005] NSWCCA 23
810:Court of Criminal Appeal
740:10.1093/europace/euaa272
436:Court of Criminal Appeal
368:Carola Garcia de Vinuesa
1609:Cunliffe, Emma (2011).
1586:Benns, Matthew (2003).
459:, was published by the
406:Second judicial inquiry
849:. Cable News Network.
97:Kathleen Megan Folbigg
46:Kathleen Megan Britton
812:(NSW, Australia).
545:"Killing them softly"
370:, an immunologist at
887:(NSW, Australia)
808: (16 May 2007),
430:On 8 November 2023,
279:natural explanations
1632:Kerr, John (2022).
1122:2016PLoSO..1153851J
451:Petition for pardon
65:, Sydney, Australia
1031:Cordner, Stephen.
463:, calling for the
316:protective custody
200:cortical blindness
1690:Pardon recipients
1647:978-1-875703-52-4
1624:978-1-84946-157-3
1358:. 7 November 2023
337:Monash University
146:ward of the state
94:
93:
16:(Redirected from
1707:
1651:
1628:
1605:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1527:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1481:The Conversation
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1201:
1184:(9): 1009–1017.
1168:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1133:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1056:. 22 August 2018
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1010:
1004:
1003:
992:
986:
985:
978:
972:
971:
969:
967:
953:
947:
946:
944:
942:
925:
916:
915:
913:
911:
904:Maitland Mercury
894:
888:
874:
863:
862:
860:
858:
838:
813:
799:
780:
779:
769:
751:
718:
712:
711:
709:
707:
685:
679:
678:
676:
674:
657:
651:
646:
637:
636:
634:
632:
621:
615:
614:
612:
610:
599:
593:
592:
590:
588:
573:
567:
566:
564:
562:
540:
381:Long QT syndrome
322:Judicial inquiry
148:and placed into
133:Margaret Beazley
59:
55:
53:
36:Kathleen Folbigg
32:
21:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1638:Kerr Publishing
1631:
1625:
1615:Hart Publishing
1608:
1602:
1585:
1582:
1580:Further reading
1577:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1537:. 11 March 2021
1529:
1528:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1436:. 2 March 2021.
1432:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1116:(4): e0153851.
1102:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1020:. 16 June 2023.
1012:
1011:
1007:
994:
993:
989:
980:
979:
975:
965:
963:
955:
954:
950:
940:
938:
927:
926:
919:
909:
907:
896:
895:
891:
875:
866:
856:
854:
840:
839:
816:
800:
783:
720:
719:
715:
705:
703:
687:
686:
682:
672:
670:
669:. 24 March 2021
659:
658:
654:
647:
640:
630:
628:
623:
622:
618:
608:
606:
601:
600:
596:
586:
584:
575:
574:
570:
560:
558:
542:
541:
534:
529:
520:Maxine Robinson
514:Patty Stallings
498:
482:pseudoephedrine
473:
453:
448:
428:
408:
396:
388:Reginald Blanch
324:
312:
295:
249:
244:
232:
230:Laura Elizabeth
216:
187:
167:
159:
141:
66:
60:
57:
51:
49:
48:
47:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1713:
1711:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1646:
1629:
1623:
1613:. Oxford, UK:
1606:
1600:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1563:. 18 June 2004
1548:
1519:
1493:
1467:
1456:. 4 March 2021
1439:
1425:
1397:
1369:
1343:
1317:
1291:
1265:
1239:
1213:
1163:
1095:
1067:
1041:
1023:
1005:
987:
973:
948:
917:
889:
864:
814:
781:
734:(3): 441–450.
713:
680:
652:
638:
616:
594:
568:
531:
530:
528:
525:
524:
523:
517:
511:
505:
497:
494:
472:
471:Cause of death
469:
452:
449:
447:
444:
427:
424:
407:
404:
395:
392:
323:
320:
311:
308:
294:
291:
248:
245:
243:
242:Justice system
240:
231:
228:
215:
214:Sarah Kathleen
212:
186:
183:
175:laryngomalacia
166:
163:
158:
155:
140:
137:
109:natural causes
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
80:
79:Known for
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
61:
45:
43:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1712:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1680:Living people
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1649:
1643:
1639:
1636:. Melbourne:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1601:1-86325-423-4
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1494:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1401:
1398:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1370:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1318:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1292:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1266:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1240:
1228:
1224:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1096:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1001:
997:
991:
988:
983:
977:
974:
962:
958:
952:
949:
937:
936:
931:
924:
922:
918:
906:
905:
900:
893:
890:
886:
882:
878:
873:
871:
869:
865:
852:
848:
844:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
782:
777:
773:
768:
763:
759:
755:
750:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
717:
714:
701:
697:
696:
691:
684:
681:
668:
667:
662:
656:
653:
650:
645:
643:
639:
626:
620:
617:
604:
598:
595:
583:. 5 June 2023
582:
578:
572:
569:
556:
552:
551:
546:
539:
537:
533:
526:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
499:
495:
493:
490:
485:
483:
478:
470:
468:
466:
462:
458:
450:
445:
443:
441:
437:
433:
425:
423:
421:
417:
416:Michael Daley
413:
412:Mark Speakman
405:
403:
401:
393:
391:
389:
384:
382:
378:
373:
369:
364:
361:
360:Mark Speakman
356:
353:
350:
346:
345:floppy larynx
342:
338:
332:
329:
321:
319:
317:
309:
307:
304:
300:
292:
290:
286:
284:
280:
275:
270:
267:
265:
261:
257:
252:
246:
241:
239:
237:
229:
227:
225:
221:
213:
211:
209:
205:
202:, though the
201:
197:
193:
185:Patrick Allen
184:
182:
180:
176:
172:
171:paediatrician
164:
162:
156:
154:
151:
147:
138:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
112:
110:
104:
102:
98:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
58:(age 57)
44:
40:
33:
30:
19:
1670:2000s trials
1633:
1610:
1592:Bantam Books
1587:
1565:. Retrieved
1560:
1551:
1539:. Retrieved
1534:
1510:. Retrieved
1506:
1496:
1484:. Retrieved
1480:
1470:
1458:. Retrieved
1451:
1442:
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1410:
1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1384:The Guardian
1382:
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1355:
1346:
1334:. Retrieved
1330:
1320:
1308:. Retrieved
1304:
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
1278:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1252:
1242:
1230:. Retrieved
1226:
1216:
1181:
1177:
1166:
1113:
1109:
1098:
1086:. Retrieved
1082:The Guardian
1080:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1053:
1044:
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
990:
976:
964:. Retrieved
960:
951:
941:14 September
939:. Retrieved
933:
908:. Retrieved
902:
892:
876:
855:. Retrieved
846:
801:
749:11343/272103
731:
727:
716:
704:. Retrieved
693:
683:
671:. Retrieved
664:
655:
629:. Retrieved
619:
607:. Retrieved
597:
587:21 September
585:. Retrieved
580:
571:
561:14 September
559:. Retrieved
548:
486:
474:
465:NSW Governor
454:
429:
409:
397:
385:
365:
357:
354:
333:
327:
325:
313:
296:
287:
271:
268:
260:Meadow's law
253:
250:
233:
217:
188:
168:
165:Caleb Gibson
160:
142:
121:NSW Governor
113:
105:
100:
96:
95:
56:14 June 1967
29:
1665:1967 births
1390:14 December
1284:30 November
1258:30 November
1232:30 November
1178:Circulation
877:R v Folbigg
802:Folbigg v R
728:EP Europace
631:14 December
609:14 December
502:Sally Clark
426:Exoneration
349:myocarditis
283:myocarditis
256:prosecution
150:foster care
71:Nationality
1659:Categories
1590:. Sydney:
1418:23 January
1362:8 November
527:References
377:calmodulin
264:Roy Meadow
139:Early life
74:Australian
52:1967-06-14
1140:1932-6203
1088:22 August
1060:22 August
961:NZ Herald
758:1099-5129
706:20 August
236:Singleton
1561:BBC News
1541:20 March
1535:BBC News
1507:ABC News
1486:20 March
1460:28 March
1356:ABC News
1331:ABC News
1305:ABC News
1279:ABC News
1253:ABC News
1208:23388215
1158:27100291
1110:PLOS ONE
1054:ABC News
1018:ABC News
966:20 March
910:12 March
857:20 March
851:Archived
776:33200177
700:Archived
673:28 March
581:ABC News
555:Archived
496:See also
489:epilepsy
432:ABC News
224:Maitland
220:Thornton
208:seizures
196:epilepsy
117:petition
87:Children
1199:3834768
1149:4839566
1118:Bibcode
1000:YouTube
767:7947592
550:The Age
440:quashed
301:by the
293:Verdict
274:defense
129:genetic
101:Donovan
63:Balmain
18:Folbigg
1644:
1621:
1598:
1567:5 June
1512:6 June
1336:5 June
1310:5 June
1206:
1196:
1156:
1146:
1138:
774:
764:
756:
310:Appeal
299:guilty
157:Deaths
125:pardon
1412:Wired
1036:(PDF)
879:
804:
477:CALM2
247:Trial
99:(née
1642:ISBN
1619:ISBN
1596:ISBN
1569:2023
1543:2021
1514:2023
1488:2021
1462:2021
1420:2021
1392:2023
1364:2023
1338:2023
1312:2023
1286:2019
1260:2019
1234:2019
1204:PMID
1154:PMID
1136:ISSN
1090:2018
1062:2018
968:2021
943:2008
912:2018
859:2021
772:PMID
754:ISSN
708:2020
675:2021
633:2023
611:2023
589:2023
563:2008
272:The
198:and
119:the
42:Born
1194:PMC
1186:doi
1182:127
1144:PMC
1126:doi
847:CNN
762:PMC
744:hdl
736:doi
695:ABC
123:to
1661::
1640:.
1617:.
1594:.
1559:.
1533:.
1522:^
1505:.
1479:.
1450:.
1409:.
1381:.
1354:.
1329:.
1303:.
1277:.
1251:.
1225:.
1202:.
1192:.
1180:.
1176:.
1152:.
1142:.
1134:.
1124:.
1114:11
1112:.
1108:.
1079:.
1052:.
1016:.
998:.
959:.
932:.
920:^
901:.
867:^
845:.
817:^
784:^
770:.
760:.
752:.
742:.
732:23
730:.
726:.
698:.
692:.
663:.
641:^
579:.
553:.
547:.
535:^
111:.
54:)
1650:.
1627:.
1604:.
1571:.
1545:.
1516:.
1490:.
1464:.
1422:.
1394:.
1366:.
1340:.
1314:.
1288:.
1262:.
1236:.
1210:.
1188::
1160:.
1128::
1120::
1092:.
1064:.
1038:.
1002:.
984:.
970:.
945:.
914:.
861:.
778:.
746::
738::
710:.
677:.
635:.
613:.
591:.
565:.
90:4
50:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.