785:
689:. In 1291, there was an altercation between the Monks of Rochester and Newark Priory in Strood as a result of a communication difficulty. The good folk of Frindsbury soundly beat up the monks who were trespassing. However, the church sided with the monks, and on Whit Monday the Frindsbury lads had to do penance by walking to abbey and craving forgiveness carrying their clubs. This continued till none of the participants was alive. In the 18th century the boys of Frindsbury and Strood met up each May Day to have a faction fight, though it is unclear whether it was between themselves or against the boys from Rochester.
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are usually found in the Thames and Medway regions and date from over 300,000 years ago. "These handaxes are so big it’s difficult to imagine how they could have been easily held and used. Perhaps they fulfilled a less practical or more symbolic function than other tools, a clear demonstration of strength and skill. While right now, we aren’t sure why such large tools were being made, or which species of early human were making them, this site offers a chance to answer these exciting questions".
957:
agriculture, but by 1831, 90% worked in quarrying or manufacturing making this an industrial hot spot, well in advance of the rest of Kent. Wealth and poverty was thus dependent on the generosity of a handful of employers and the state of the national economy, boom and recession. As one industry abandoned the land it had despoiled, newer ones moved in and used the space, and finally this was turned over to housing. The streets bear the names of the previous elite.
388:
34:
50:
875:
1182:, without losing headway, barges would approach at speed and drop their mast, using the winch at the bow, and when safely under, raise it again. To do this required extra crew, so called 'Hufflers', who were taken on at Whitewall creek. They waited offshore in their skiffs which were then tethered to the barge. They helped lower and raise the mast so the barge could shoot the bridge. They were let off at Janes Creek or Temple Creek in Strood.
826:
posts (2m high) supporting an aisle tie to the main arcade posts. The aisle posts are linked by the eaves plate, though not braced to it. Resting on and braced to the collar beams are crown posts supporting a collar plate. The rafters are supported by the eaves plates, arcade plates and collar plates forming a single unbroken slope. To complete the exterior of the building, weatherboards run from under the eaves vertically down to the
1211:
Borough
Council to become the Rochester-upon-Medway Borough Council which in 1978 became Rochester-upon-Medway City Council. The eleven parishes remained parished i.e. have an elected parish council, while former Rochester wards were not. This distinction means that the Electoral Commission will not allow any boundary change to the wards, whereby an elector loses or gains the right to vote in a parish election.
431:
57:
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often in brick. As well as the footings, parts of the ground plate and some weatherboards have been replaced. Some of this work was maintenance of the more vulnerable parts of the barn, but some reflected changing use. Notable amongst the changes were the blocking up of all the medieval doors and the insertion of later entrances.
219:
837:
Although the structure shows little sign of decay and replacement, the rafters above the aisles of bays 7 and 11 are of machine-sawn softwood. In same bays, and also the lost bay 3, the medieval footings are also absent. Austin argues that this suggests the location of tall entrances (midstreys) at
1289:
The same bishop holds FRINDSBURY. It was assessed at 10 sulungs TRE, and now at 7. There is land for 15 ploughs. In demesne are 5 ploughs; and 40 villans with 28 boardars have 11 ploughs. There is a church and 9 slaves, and 1 mill rendering 12s, and 40 acres of meadow, woodland for 5 pigs. TRE
1132:, bought an oil mill at Frindsbury, and converted it to make cement, commencing on 1 May 1851. This became known as the Crown Works. Subsequently, six more cement works were built along Limehouse Reach, all using the chalk that forms the Frindsbury ridge, and alluvial clay from the Medway Estuary.
919:
The purpose of a mediaeval church was to raise revenue for the Bishop (the same man being the Rector of
Frindsbury), and the lands needed to be managed. The Bishop knowing the income would appoint a clerk in Holy Orders say mass and minister to the congregation- he would become the vicar. The rector
720:
Modern day
Frindsbury is often referred to as North Strood as it lies within the borders of the very northern part of the town, contiguous to the village of Wainscott. Its population is included in Strood's approximate 40,000 residents. Although Frindsbury is considered part of Strood, the parish of
1279:
Senior
Archaeologist Letty Ingrey (UCL Institute of Archaeology), said: "We describe these tools as 'giants' when they are over 22 cm long and we have two in this size range. The biggest, a colossal 29.5 cm in length, is one of the longest ever found in Britain. 'Giant handaxes' like this
850:
At various times low and high level partitions have been added. Evidence of this activity is present in chisel work, nail holes, mortices and the impression of boards in remaining timbers. Most of the floor is nineteenth-century concrete with drainage channels. This appears to be associated with
682:
in 1523. Barnard however records that in 1256, the church of
Frindsbury (and thus the income) was returned to the Bishop. In 1279 and again in 1293, 1314 and 1357 the bishop of Rochester claimed liberties in the lands of the priory of Frindsbury as well as all lands belonging to the church. In 1348
910:
Quarry House is first mentioned in 1575. Then there was an early 17th-century brick residence, which became a fashionable place for a visit, to observe the prospect. It was demolished in 1897 so that the chalk on which it stood could be extracted. Drawings of it were made before its destruction. A
846:
Much of the barn's original footings have been replaced. The original footings are present in the first 5 bays, particularly at the east side. The footings in the west wall of bays 5 onwards were rebuilt in the 1970s. The rest consists of a mixture of eighteenth and nineteenth century repairs,
825:
and collar beams) rising approximately 5 metres (16 ft) above the dwarf walls. The frames are transversely braced. Linking the tops of the frames longitudinally is the arcade plate which is jointed and braced to each upright. 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) outside the arcade are the aisle
1161:
By 1904, when these works reached their greatest development, there were 132 kilns with 30 kiln chimneys, capable of making around 4000 tons of cement a week, and employed 800. All the works started as independent companies, but were gradually merged, and in 1900 the entire site was acquired by
881:
stands on a hill overlooking the Medway. The hill has been extensively quarried leaving the distinctive cliffs. To the left of the church is Church Green. In front of it is Strood Pier and the entrance to the Strood basin. To the right is the
Frindsbury Peninsula, and the Phoenix Wharf and Lower
1210:
This distinction is significant, Frindsbury was a ward in the City of
Rochester, and in the City of Rochester-upon-Medway. Frindsbury Extra was a ward of Strood Rural District Council which was abolished in 1974. Eleven of the 16 Strood Rural parishes, joined Rochester City Council and Chatham
956:
Frindsbury today is principally a dormitory suburb of
Rochester with significant commercial activity on the Frindsbury Peninsula. The housing merges Frindsbury and Strood. The availability of such housing is to the part caused by the previous land usage. Until 1811, most inhabitants worked in
1059:
was removed and the topsoil replaced and farming continued or orchards were planted. Ten Gun Field was in operation in 1800 and produced around 2.5 million bricks annually over the period. Production peaked in 1844 when it produced 14 million, 1% of the national output.
866:
discovered by excavation indicate that the timber flooring may have continued across the whole width. Similar sleeper walls have been found in the damaged bay 3. Both these bays are thought to be the location of the medieval entrances and Austin suggests that they may have been
666:]. It supported 40 villagers, 28 smallholders and 9 slaves. There was a mill taxable at 12 shillings (60p), a church, 40 acres (16 ha) of meadow and woodland for 5 pigs. It was worth £8 before the conquest, but £25 by 1086 with another 10 shillings (50p) for the Bishop.
413:
pushing 1,000 yds into the river. Though rarely more than 25 feet (7.6 m) in height, the
Frindsbury peninsula became the centre of many industries. At the Strood end the coastal marsh became 600 yds wide. There is evidence of Roman piling so they could build a road,
1169:
The Formby Works (established 1862) was at
Whitewall Creek and did not join the APCM. This produced initially 60 tons a week, and eventually 500 tons a week. As the chalk from Tower Hill declined, it was brought by barge from Halling. The Formby Works closed in 1909.
987:. Next to it was the Great Mill or Rose's Mill. It was the highest in Kent with forty foot by nine-foot sails. Together the two mills produced 400 sacks of flour a week. Little Mill was struck by lightning and demolished in 1886. Great Mill was demolished in 1890.
1233:
visited Rochester in May 1732. Ebenezer Forest wrote a journal of the five-day trip containing the lines "we all proceeded merrily to Frendsbury". They examined Frindsbury Church, then walked to Upnor where Hogarth made a drawing of the beautiful and ancient
942:
The pub was first built in the late 17th century as a house. By 1754 it was in use as a public house. It was under threat of demolition for redevelopment. On 24 May 2016 the building was listed Grade II, and the building was converted into housing in 2020.
438:, relates to Frindsbury. The station, canal basin and all the wharves downstream of the Watermill were in Frindsbury. The steep slopes are caused by the chalk pits. Note also the undrained land between the railway, and Frindsbury Hill, and the lack of houses.
1166:, who renamed the site "Crown and Quarry Works". The works had limited raw materials, and its capacity was reduced to around half its peak size, before finally shutting down in 1963, after most of the chalk on the Frindsbury peninsula had been used up.
585:
of land at Aeslingham in Freodesbrei to Bishop Eardulf of Rochester. In 778, King Egbert gave more land to the Bishop. Following the Danish wars or the 9th and 10th century the area was wrested from the church and eventually came under the control of
820:
The footings are of mortared flint and stone rising to 1.2 metres (3 ft 11 in) at the northern end of the barn. They may originally have been lime rendered internally. The heart of the structure is a series of rectangular frames (arcade
1190:
The Hill on which Frindsbury stands is riddled with holes. These are possibly from ancient mining or could be natural caves caused by water erosion. At various points these have opened up killing at least one woman as well as causing subsidence.
355:, and at various times in its history has been considered fully or partially part of the City of Rochester. Frindsbury today is part of the town of Strood and covers the most northern part of the town. Frindsbury refers to both a parish and a
812:
construction and until the fire was 65.6 metres (215 ft) by 10.6 metres (35 ft). The barn is notable for the quality of its construction: "the undoubted queen of the Kentish barns", "Its carpentry is peerless" (both quotes from to
526:
interglacial. The larger flint handaxe at 29.6 cm long makes it the third largest known to be found in Britain. The size of the handaxe and its distinctive symmetrical elongated tapering tip is typical of a type of handaxe known as a
833:
The roof may have been originally thatched but is now covered with peg tiles. The entire roof has been retiled on new battens during the 1970s though earlier hand-made tiles have been reused alongside modern machine made tiles.
673:
claimed Frinsdsbury back from the monks "as belonging to the maintenance of his table" in 1185. According to Hasted the bishop succeeded in obtaining the church, but the manor remained in the possession of the monks until the
2009:
1998:
2091:
Hogarth's Frolic: The Five Days' Peregrination Around the Isle of Sheppey of William Hogarth and His Fellow Pilgrims, Scott, Tothall, Thornhill, and Forrest. With Sketches in Sepia from the Original Drawings Illustrating the
897:
The present church was started around 1075 by Paulinus, sacrist of Rochester who gave books and vestments to it. It was rebuilt in 1127. There was more building in the 14th century and around 1407. The church was
404:
covered with topsoil. Over the last two millennia, much of this was stripped away, or mined, so the contours have constantly changed. Through the centre of this ran a shallow valley carrying a stream draining the
395:
Frindsbury lies on the northwest bank of the Medway at its lowest bridging point. After a narrow but marshy coastal strip, the land rises steeply to plateau at about 100 ft (30 m). This was a sheet of
721:
Frindsbury Extra lies outside the borders of Strood and comes under Rochester. The parish includes Upnor, Wainscott, Chattenden and various other small hamlets which are situated north of the main town Strood.
683:
the manor was confirmed as being in the possession of the prior of Rochester, reconfirmed in 1295. In 1287 the manor, along with its appendages of Chattenden, Strood and Rede, were taxed at £24-6-8 (£24.33).
920:
would have a Parsonage, which could be rented out if he didn't use it. There was a parsonage in Bill Street, and by 1591 it was occupied by the Watson Family. It was demolished at an unknown date post 1930.
1214:
Medway Council is a unitary authority established in 1998. Frindsbury is split in two local government level wards: Strood North and Strood Rural, each represented by three councillors from the
1086:
Other later brickfields were at Barn Meadow (today's Sholden Road) which produced reds, Wickenden Brickyard by Cooling Road, and Frindsbury Brickyard owned by the West family (closed in 1931).
522:
remains, including several handaxes, two of which could be classed as 'giant handaxes'. The artefacts were recovered from fluvial deposits in the Medway Valley and are thought to date from the
902:
in 1884. An image of the church pre restoration is in the British Library. The church has recently been fitted with disabled access, a WC and a kitchenette to the rear of the nave.
259:
2410:
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830:. The weatherboards are thought to be a rare survival of the original boards. A dendrochronological of one board gave 1357, but this was not the outermost ring of the tree.
391:
Frindsbury Church from Church Green, showing behind the chalk cliffs formed by quarrying. In the far distance is Chatham, showing how closely the Medway Towns are interlinked.
267:
243:
1097:
began to be exploited. This clay contained 5% tar oil, so required less fuel to fire. The Frindsbury brickyards reverted to agriculture or were used for new housing.
553:. The foundations of the road leading from this villa to the bridge were discovered in 1819 at the canal dock. Further excavation by Tingey in 1888 produced several
418:, from Strood Hill across the marsh to the Medway which they bridged. At that time Strood was part of Frindsbury. The impenetrable nature and the steepness of the
478:
at Strood (St Nicholas'), where Watling Street left the firm ground to run over the marshes to the Medway bridge. Strood was promoted to a full parish in 1193 by
96:
772:. The damaged and fallen timbers were salvaged during the following summer and are stored in the undamaged part of the barn. The barn is owned by the
784:
740:
The manor house is a grade II listed farmhouse dating from the late 16th century. In 1753 a new front was added to the existing building in the late
744:
style. The house consists of a central 3-storey block flanked by 2-storey wings. A 20th-century porch has been added. This is also referred to as
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works in the quarry to the east of All Saints' Church was reported. The find included over 4000 stone tools dating from 300,000 BP, including
2154:
2059:
1951:
1312:
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House Mill, also known as Kimmin's Mill or Frindsbury Mill, stood on Frindsbury Hill and was a black smock mill. It was demolished in 1931.
409:
behind, through Islingham to Whitewall creek where it entered the Medway. This water flow formed a river meander upstream and a build up of
764:
303:
1215:
1207:. The other half was within the city so was referred to as Frindsbury Intra, a name that has long disappeared, being called Frindsbury.
231:
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248:
1299:
Sources on the internet differ over the date of the fire. Some ascribe it 2004/5, some to 2006, but without supporting references.
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in Frindsbury. Three were at Manor Farm, two were at Whitewall Creek and one at Ten Gun Field Upnor. Top soil would be removed, the
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based upon it. He gave the land at Fridsbury to the new priory though insisting they paid an 'exenium' to him or his successors on
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was on a map of 1596. It was called the Quarry Mill, was 100 yds southeast of the church and was destroyed in 1850. It was a
730:
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123:
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878:
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49:
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The bricks were Yellow Stock bricks, the colour produced by adding up to 17% chalk to the clay. The brick were graded as
990:
Kimmin's Mill (1819–1843), was a smock mill with no base. The land became a brick field. A man was killed by its sails.
236:
372:
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On Prospect Hill there were two mills. The first was called Manwaring's Mill, or Little Mill. It was a black tarred
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1124:, and the first site outside the Thames valley at which it was manufactured was on Limehouse Reach, Frindsbury.
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the housing of cattle. In other parts of the barn earthen and chalk floors can be found. In bays 8 and 9 worn
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173:
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2015:. Reprinted in the Chatham News, 1 December 1967. Cutting held by Medway Archives and Local Studies Centre.
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performed in 2002. The former gives a felling date of 1403, the latter 1400 ± 60 years. The barn is of
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105:
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Bishop Eardulf of Rochester obtained Freandisbery and Wicham in 747. Notwithstanding this in 764,
483:
2265:"On the Discovery of a Late Acheulean 'Giant' Handaxe from the Maritime Academy, Frindsbury, Kent"
701:
had a population of 5060. On 30 September 1894, the Local Government Board confirmed an order of
2633:
2368:
805:
769:
591:
454:, meaning a stronghold held by a friend or ally. Recorded documented names of the parish include
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33:
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are again associated with animals, particularly with a nearby stable door and chewed timbers.
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and afterwards, it was worth £8; and now £25. What Richard holds in his lowry is worth 10s.
1238:. They then examined the Ten Gun Battery and the Birds Nest Battery before walking to Hoo.
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2551:"Nineteenth Century Brickmaking Innovations in Britain: Building and Technological Change"
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2020:
709:. Intra joined the municipal borough of Rochester, while part of Frindsbury Extra joined
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1988:
Beresford, Frank (Winter 2016), "Further palaeolithic material from Frindsbury, Kent",
1121:
768:. In early 2003 the barn suffered a serious fire which destroyed four of its thirteen
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1962:
Manor Barn, Frindsbury. Archaeological clearance and recovery of fire damaged timbers
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was used to make metal castings. It was of such a high quality that it was exported.
1040:
996:
Close by in Strood on Broom Hill were two more mills, Field Mill and Killick's Mill.
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713:. The remaining part of Frindsbury Extra joined Rochester in 1934. It is now in the
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Bay 11 has timber floors in each aisle. The timbers are hand sawn and old. Brick
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340:
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Wade, Cecil (January 1990), "The Architecture and History of All Saint's Church",
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The next four Frindsbury mills were all owned by Mr Kimmins (c1845 et seq.).
817:, p. 10)) or Austin's view "exemplary and executed to a high standard".
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Excavations in 2021 at the site of the new Maritime Academy school produced
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drew their prospect of Rochester from the top of All Saints' Church Tower.
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of Rochester. Gundulf was responsible for commencing the rebuilding of
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1888:
1090:
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This was a significant rural community of which there are few remains.
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who, prior to the fire, leased it to the farmer as an equipment store.
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in the City of Rochester that straddled the parishes of Frindsbury and
165:
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of arable land, 5 held by the lord and 11 by the villagers [
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containing alumina and silica. It was first manufactured in 1842 at
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515:, large flint flakes, core pieces, and quartzite hammer stones.
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1971:
Manor Farm barn, Frindsbury, Kent; An architectural description
705:, and Frindsbury parish was divided into Frindsbury Intra, and
2436:, vol. research report 3, Kent underground research group
2095:, Illustrated by William Hogarth & Samuel Scott, JC Hotten
662:
602:, bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent, and William's half brother.
1973:, Canterbury Archaeological Trust, FIN/BR2/03, record no 1744
2008:
Chatham Rochester & Gillingham News (28 November 1930),
2004:. Cutting held by Medway Archives and Local Studies Centre.
1980:
Merrily to Frendsbury-A History of the Parish of Frindsbury.
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for details of ships and barges built in the Frindsbury area
2088:
Forrest, Ebenezer; Hogarth, William; Scott, Samuel (1872),
2543:
1530:
1528:
751:
Adjacent to the Manor house is an early fifteenth-century
1944:
Yesterday's Medway from Rochester Bridge to Chatham Intra
1900:
2288:
Giant stone artefacts found on rare Ice Age site in Kent
2263:
Ingrey, L; Duffy, S; Bates, M; Shaw, A; Pope, M (2023),
911:
full history of the house was written in the late 19th.
545:
at Frindsbury to produce food to supply the garrison at
347:, southern England. It lies on the opposite side of the
2508:
Williams, Dr Ann; Martin, Professor G H, eds. (2003) ,
2209:"Barn 30 yards south west of the manor house (1204320)"
2304:
Kelly's Directory of Rochester, Chatham and Gillingham
2169:
History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent
1620:
1618:
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1388:
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1479:
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Chalk mining and associated industries of Frindsbury
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748:. The building was proposed for demolition in 1958.
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Michael Nightingale in 1953 argued that there was a
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26:
2228:"Royal Oak public house (Grade II) (1434926)"
1303:clearly gives the date as 22 January 2003, citing
1199:Half of Frindsbury was outside the borders of the
800:, p. 4) challenges this date on the basis of
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
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656:before 1066 and then at 7 in 1086. There were 15
581:(the petty king of this part of Kent) granted 20
474:, All Saints, was built on the hill. There was a
1561:
1454:
1442:
2042:, City of Rochester Society (private pub), 1999
1708:
792:The official listing description is drawn from
1495:
2592:
2572:Facsimile of the original Domesday book entry
1507:
8:
1889:Chatham Rochester & Gillingham News 1930
1876:
1135:The cement works were, from north to south:
2475:Scott Robertson, William Archibald (1886),
2394:Various objects from Roman house found 1888
2084:Shelfmark: K Top Vol 18; Item number: 25.3c
1534:
422:here influenced the route of the railways.
371:. Frindsbury was also the name given to an
2599:
2585:
2577:
2427:Pearce, Adrian Pearce; Long, Dave (1987),
2415:(1 Photograph (negative), Black and white)
2397:(1 Photograph (negative), Black and white)
2054:, Arthur J. Cassell Ltd (published 1976),
1912:
1744:
494:The remains of a large elephant skeleton (
23:
2412:Roman bronze statuette (Cupid) 5.25" high
2276:
2000:Probe proves area is riddled with tunnels
1406:
2109:The Cement Industry 1796–1914: a History
1519:
1394:
1266:Referred to in some historic sources as
2251:(postcard), Card reference no: 2426_005
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2487:, Kent Archaeological Society: 285–288
2065:. Originally published by C.W. Daniel
1990:Kent Archaeological Society Newsletter
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2510:Doomsday Book, a complete translation
2503:, The Parish of Frindsbury with Upnor
2245:Historic England (16 November 1959),
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1792:
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1732:
652:of Shamwell. It had been taxed at 10
640:of 1086 records Frindsbury as in the
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7:
1804:
1466:
1128:, who had previously made cement at
2544:Kent Association of Parish Councils
2463:, Kent Archaeological Society: 1–30
2357:"The Beginnings of Portland Cement"
2306:, London: Kelly's Directories, 1951
1377:
590:. Following Harold's defeat at the
2331:A History of Strood Rural District
2232:National Heritage List for England
2213:National Heritage List for England
2193:National Heritage List for England
56:
14:
2453:"Some major Kentish timber barns"
1925:Forrest, Hogarth & Scott 1872
788:View of the south end of the barn
2490:
2466:
2131:A Vision of Britain through Time
1997:Chatham News (1 December 1967),
1008:Shipbuilding in Frindsbury, Kent
363:are the villages of Frindsbury,
55:
48:
32:
2819:Royal Navy dockyards in England
2534:Frindsbury Extra Parish Council
2512:(paperback ed.), Penguin,
2501:The Parish Church at Frindsbury
2333:, Strood Rural District Council
2127:"Frindsbury CP/AP through time"
1089:The business declined when the
557:, including a bronze statue of
538:sword was discovered at Upnor.
2040:Rochester, The past 2000 years
1984:. Publication date post 1994.
1901:City of Rochester Society 1999
1721:Historic England & 1434926
1574:Historic England & 1204320
1550:Historic England & 1085745
796:and ascribes a date of 1300.
731:Listed buildings in Frindsbury
676:dissolution of the monasteries
610:(c.1072) and restored them to
1:
2814:Former civil parishes in Kent
2285:Ingrey, Letty (6 July 2023),
1036:The moulding sand from below
893:All Saints Church, Frindsbury
879:All Saints Church, Frindsbury
359:. Within the civil parish of
2314:Strood Registration District
2027:, The Industrial Rail Record
1218:(as of February 2019).
1139:Phoenix Works (started 1877)
606:recovered them again at the
500:) were excavated in 1911 at
2477:"Quarry House in Findsbury"
2291:, University College London
2188:"The Manor House (1085745)"
2069:Fisher, J (February 1788),
1982:, City of Rochester Society
1969:Austin, Rupert (May 2005),
434:Here we see how Strood the
90:OS grid reference
21:Human settlement in England
2840:
2607:Towns and villages in the
2133:, University of Portsmouth
1496:Williams & Martin 2003
1311:also ties the date to the
1108:is made from a mixture of
935:
890:
728:
2782:
2624:
2409:Ordnance Survey (1958b),
2391:Ordnance Survey (1958a),
2021:"Frindsbury Cement Works"
1313:national fireman's strike
1243:Samuel and Nathaniel Buck
983:that drove four pairs of
755:. The barn is a grade I
504:. In 1925, evidence of a
276:
254:
214:
43:
31:
2341:Your Councillors by Ward
2329:Matthews, Brian (1971),
2311:Langston, Brett (2023),
2145:Glover, Judith (1992) ,
2052:Windmills and Watermills
1079:(used for hardcore) and
887:The Church of All Saints
38:Church Green, Frindsbury
16:Village in Kent, England
2163:Hasted, Edward (1797),
2111:, David & Charles,
1942:Austin, John K (2006),
1024:Thames and Medway Canal
1016:Thames and Medway Canal
1000:Ship and barge building
736:The manor of Frindsbury
608:Trial of Penenden Heath
2785:List of places in Kent
2165:"Parishes: Frindsbury"
2149:, Meresborough Books,
1745:Pearce & Long 1987
1075:(used for internals),
1051:In 1847, there were 6
883:
789:
524:Marine Isotope Stage 9
497:palaeoloxodon antiquus
439:
392:
194:Postcode district
124:Ceremonial county
106:Unitary authority
2481:Archaeologia Cantiana
2457:Archaeologia Cantiana
2379:Moore, Dylan (2013),
2367:Moore, Dylan (2011),
2355:Moore, Dylan (2010),
2107:Francis, A J (1977),
2075:, The British Library
2011:How the ground opened
1562:Historic England 1959
1455:Ordnance Survey 1958b
1443:Ordnance Survey 1958a
938:Royal Oak, Frindsbury
877:
787:
711:Strood Rural District
618:and establishing the
596:William the Conqueror
433:
390:
2549:Watt, Kathleen Ann.
2369:"Crown (Frindsbury)"
2269:Internet Archaeology
2048:Finch, William Coles
1960:Austin, R W (2003),
1709:Scott Robertson 1886
1154:Beehive Works (1880)
1083:that were unusable.
1071:(used for facings),
900:extensively restored
774:Church Commissioners
268:Rochester and Strood
174:Sovereign state
2125:GB Historical GIS,
1855:, pp. 190–191.
1831:, pp. 190–192.
1747:, pp. 119–120.
1241:In 1783, engravers
1186:Holes in the ground
1174:Shooting the Bridge
1157:Beaver Works (1884)
1151:Quarry Works (1889)
1145:Bridge Works (1885)
965:The first recorded
802:dendrochronological
703:Kent County Council
671:Gilbert de Glanvill
616:Rochester Cathedral
604:Archbishop Lanfranc
484:Bishop of Rochester
315: /
2381:"Crown and Quarry"
2226:Historic England,
2207:Historic England,
2147:Placenames of Kent
1946:, Rainmore Books,
1419:Ingrey et al. 2023
1216:Conservative Party
1148:Crown Works (1851)
1142:Globe Works (1880)
952:Industrial history
884:
806:radiocarbon dating
790:
780:Medieval structure
598:gave the lands to
592:Battle of Hastings
577:(as overlord) and
440:
393:
319:51.3999°N 0.5064°E
260:UK Parliament
206:Dialling code
2824:Windmills in Kent
2791:
2790:
2609:Unitary authority
2156:978-0-905270-61-6
2061:978-0-903253-02-4
2019:Down, CG (1967),
1953:978-0-9553903-0-2
1877:Chatham News 1967
1687:, pp. 13–14.
1663:, pp. 12–13.
1508:GB Historical GIS
1201:City of Rochester
1178:To get under the
1022:See main article
1006:See main article
761:UK grid reference
470:(1610). The main
334:
333:
2831:
2809:Villages in Kent
2739:St Mary's Island
2679:Frindsbury Extra
2601:
2594:
2587:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2555:
2522:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2488:
2471:
2470:
2464:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2435:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2387:
2375:
2363:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2338:Medway Council,
2334:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2307:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2281:
2280:
2278:10.11141/ia.61.6
2259:
2258:
2256:
2248:Frindsbury Extra
2241:
2240:
2238:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2184:Historic England
2179:
2178:
2176:
2159:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2121:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2072:Frinsbury Church
2064:
2043:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2014:
2003:
1993:
1983:
1978:Barnard, Derek,
1974:
1965:. Client report
1964:
1956:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1639:, pp. 9–10.
1634:
1628:
1622:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1538:
1532:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1381:
1375:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1316:
1315:on that evening.
1297:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1264:
1205:Frindsbury Extra
1195:Local government
1180:Rochester Bridge
961:Frindsbury Mills
869:threshing floors
767:
746:Court Lodge Farm
707:Frindsbury Extra
687:Frindsbury Clubs
588:Harold Godwinson
480:Gilbert Glanvill
361:Frindsbury Extra
330:
329:
327:
326:
325:
320:
316:
313:
312:
311:
308:
282:
249:South East Coast
168:
100:
99:
69:Location within
59:
58:
52:
36:
24:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2778:
2704:Hoo St Werburgh
2620:
2605:
2562:
2560:
2553:
2548:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2474:
2465:
2447:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2418:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2398:
2390:
2378:
2366:
2354:
2346:
2344:
2337:
2328:
2320:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2292:
2284:
2262:
2254:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2217:
2215:
2206:
2198:
2196:
2182:
2174:
2172:
2171:, vol. III
2162:
2157:
2144:
2136:
2134:
2124:
2119:
2106:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2076:
2068:
2062:
2046:
2038:
2030:
2028:
2025:irsociety.co.uk
2018:
2007:
1996:
1987:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1954:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1803:
1799:
1791:
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1533:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1494:
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1482:
1473:
1465:
1461:
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1441:
1437:
1429:
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1413:
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1393:
1384:
1376:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1227:William Hogarth
1224:
1203:hence the name
1197:
1188:
1176:
1106:Portland Cement
1103:
1049:
1034:
1018:
1002:
963:
954:
949:
940:
934:
926:
917:
908:
895:
889:
844:
782:
763:
757:listed building
738:
733:
727:
715:unparished area
695:
631:St Andrew's Day
567:
551:Rochester, Kent
492:
428:
385:
343:conurbation in
339:is part of the
324:51.3999; 0.5064
323:
321:
317:
314:
309:
306:
304:
302:
301:
300:
280:
272:
164:
154:
136:
118:
95:
94:
76:
75:
74:
73:
67:
66:
65:
64:
60:
39:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2837:
2835:
2827:
2826:
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2816:
2811:
2806:
2796:
2795:
2789:
2788:
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2756:
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2746:
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2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2529:
2528:External links
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2505:
2496:
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2445:
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2016:
2005:
1994:
1985:
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1966:
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1936:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1917:
1913:Medway Council
1905:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1857:
1845:
1843:, p. 192.
1833:
1821:
1809:
1797:
1785:
1783:, p. 150.
1773:
1771:, p. 110.
1761:
1749:
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1407:Beresford 2016
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1122:William Aspdin
1102:
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1028:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1001:
998:
962:
959:
953:
950:
948:
945:
936:Main article:
933:
930:
925:
924:Islingham Farm
922:
916:
913:
907:
904:
891:Main article:
888:
885:
843:
840:
838:these points.
781:
778:
737:
734:
726:
723:
717:of Rochester.
694:
691:
612:Bishop Gundulf
566:
563:
491:
488:
476:chapel of ease
427:
424:
416:Watling Street
384:
381:
373:electoral ward
332:
331:
299:
298:
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283:
281:List of places
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178:United Kingdom
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2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:Isle of Grain
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
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2519:0-141-43994-7
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2250:
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2205:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2185:
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2166:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2118:0-7153-7386-2
2114:
2110:
2105:
2094:
2093:
2086:
2074:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1894:
1890:
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1801:
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1746:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1699:, p. 14.
1698:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1678:
1675:, p. 11.
1674:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1651:, p. 10.
1650:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1603:
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1558:
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1536:
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1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:Langston 2023
1516:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1492:
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1478:
1476:
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1460:
1456:
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1439:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1395:Matthews 1971
1391:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1309:Austin (2005)
1307:in support.
1306:
1305:Austin (2003)
1302:
1301:Austin (2005)
1296:
1293:
1286:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1192:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1126:I. C. Johnson
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1041:parish church
1039:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1003:
999:
997:
994:
991:
988:
986:
982:
977:
974:
972:
968:
960:
958:
951:
946:
944:
939:
932:Royal Oak Pub
931:
929:
923:
921:
915:The Parsonage
914:
912:
905:
903:
901:
894:
886:
882:Curel's Yard.
880:
876:
872:
870:
865:
864:sleeper walls
860:
858:
854:
848:
842:Later changes
841:
839:
835:
831:
829:
828:ground plates
824:
818:
816:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
794:Rigold (1966)
786:
779:
777:
775:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
735:
732:
724:
722:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
692:
690:
688:
684:
681:
677:
672:
667:
665:
664:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
638:Domesday Book
634:
632:
628:
624:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
580:
576:
572:
564:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
532:
530:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
507:
503:
499:
498:
489:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
472:parish church
469:
465:
461:
460:Freondesberia
457:
453:
449:
445:
437:
432:
425:
423:
421:
417:
412:
408:
407:Hoo Peninsula
403:
399:
389:
382:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
328:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
279:
278:
275:
269:
266:
265:
263:
261:
253:
250:
247:
245:
238:
235:
233:
226:
223:
221:
209:
207:
200:
197:
195:
187:
185:
177:
175:
167:
163:
161:
151:
148:
147:
145:
143:
133:
130:
129:
127:
125:
115:
112:
111:
109:
107:
98:
93:
91:
83:
79:
72:
51:
42:
35:
25:
19:
2699:High Halstow
2673:
2659:Cliffe Woods
2561:. Retrieved
2557:
2539:Upnor Castle
2509:
2500:
2484:
2480:
2460:
2456:
2449:Rigold, S.E.
2438:, retrieved
2429:
2417:, retrieved
2411:
2399:, retrieved
2393:
2385:Cement Kilns
2384:
2373:Cement Kilns
2372:
2361:Cement Kilns
2360:
2345:, retrieved
2340:
2330:
2319:, retrieved
2313:
2303:
2293:, retrieved
2287:
2268:
2253:, retrieved
2247:
2235:, retrieved
2231:
2216:, retrieved
2212:
2197:, retrieved
2191:
2173:, retrieved
2168:
2146:
2135:, retrieved
2130:
2108:
2097:, retrieved
2090:
2077:, retrieved
2071:
2051:
2039:
2029:, retrieved
2024:
2010:
1999:
1989:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1943:
1935:Bibliography
1927:, p. 5.
1920:
1908:
1896:
1884:
1872:
1860:
1853:Francis 1977
1848:
1841:Francis 1977
1836:
1829:Francis 1977
1824:
1812:
1800:
1788:
1781:Francis 1977
1776:
1769:Francis 1977
1764:
1752:
1740:
1728:
1716:
1704:
1692:
1680:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1632:
1627:, p. 7.
1612:, p. 5.
1605:
1600:, p. 4.
1593:
1588:, p. 1.
1581:
1569:
1557:
1535:Kelly's 1951
1515:
1503:
1491:
1462:
1450:
1438:
1426:
1414:
1402:
1346:
1295:
1285:
1275:
1267:
1262:
1240:
1236:Upnor Castle
1231:Samuel Scott
1225:
1213:
1209:
1198:
1189:
1177:
1168:
1160:
1134:
1104:
1101:Cement works
1095:Peterborough
1088:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1050:
1035:
1021:
1005:
995:
992:
989:
978:
975:
964:
955:
941:
927:
918:
909:
906:Quarry House
896:
861:
855:and granite
849:
845:
836:
832:
819:
815:Rigold (1966
798:Austin (2005
791:
765:TQ7474870065
750:
745:
739:
719:
699:civil parish
697:In 1891 the
696:
686:
685:
668:
661:
635:
568:
561:5.25" high.
540:
533:
520:Palaeolithic
517:
506:palaeolithic
496:
493:
467:
464:Frandesberie
463:
459:
456:Freondesbrei
455:
452:freondesburh
451:
443:
441:
436:marshy place
435:
394:
349:River Medway
341:Medway Towns
336:
335:
18:
2769:Walderslade
2734:St Mary Hoo
2440:26 February
2419:15 November
2401:15 November
2347:26 February
2255:26 February
2175:23 November
2099:26 February
1865:Austin 2006
1697:Austin 2005
1685:Austin 2005
1673:Austin 2005
1661:Austin 2005
1649:Austin 2005
1637:Austin 2005
1625:Austin 2005
1610:Austin 2005
1598:Austin 2005
1586:Austin 2005
1484:Hasted 1797
1431:Ingrey 2023
1351:Glover 1992
1339:Fisher 1788
1118:Rotherhithe
1053:brickfields
1047:Brickfields
1026:for details
620:Benedictine
565:Middle Ages
543:Roman Villa
468:Fryndesbury
448:Old English
446:comes from
400:covered by
322: /
84:5,500
2798:Categories
2684:Gillingham
2674:Frindsbury
2649:Chattenden
2629:Allhallows
2218:7 February
2199:8 February
1992:(104): 4–7
1817:Moore 2013
1793:Moore 2011
1757:Moore 2010
1733:Finch 1933
1249:References
1130:Swanscombe
1057:brickearth
985:millstones
981:smock mill
753:tithe barn
729:See also:
680:Henry VIII
536:Bronze Age
490:Prehistory
444:Frindsbury
420:topography
402:brickearth
337:Frindsbury
307:51°24′00″N
150:South East
81:Population
63:Frindsbury
27:Frindsbury
2764:Wainscott
2724:Rochester
2719:Park Wood
2714:Lordswood
2694:Hempstead
2619:, England
1805:Down 1967
1467:Wade 1990
1323:Citations
1268:Frinsbury
971:post mill
725:Buildings
658:carucates
648:, in the
646:Aylesford
627:St Andrew
571:King Offa
555:artefacts
549:, modern
547:Durobrivæ
513:hand axes
442:The word
365:Wainscott
353:Rochester
310:0°30′23″E
244:Ambulance
188:ROCHESTER
184:Post town
2639:Brompton
2451:(1966),
2321:22 April
2137:21 April
2079:21 March
2050:(1933),
1222:Visitors
1093:clay at
967:windmill
947:Industry
742:Georgian
466:(1086),
462:(c975),
411:alluvium
383:Topology
97:TQ744697
2774:Wigmore
2754:Twydall
2729:Rainham
2689:Halling
2664:Cooling
2644:Chatham
2634:Borstal
2558:etheses
2317:, UKBMD
2295:11 July
2031:4 April
1378:Barnard
1091:Fletton
1069:Seconds
853:cobbles
669:Bishop
654:sulungs
650:Hundred
583:sulungs
579:Sigered
458:(764),
426:History
291:England
166:England
160:Country
2804:Medway
2749:Strood
2669:Cuxton
2654:Cliffe
2613:Medway
2563:17 May
2516:
2271:(61),
2237:5 June
2153:
2115:
2058:
1950:
1081:Chuffs
1077:Roughs
1073:Thirds
1065:Firsts
810:aisled
693:Modern
678:under
623:Priory
575:Mercia
529:ficron
377:Strood
367:, and
220:Police
142:Region
114:Medway
2759:Upnor
2744:Stoke
2554:(PDF)
2461:LXXXI
2434:(PDF)
1254:Notes
1229:with
1110:chalk
1038:Upnor
857:setts
823:posts
642:Lathe
559:Cupid
509:flint
502:Upnor
398:chalk
369:Upnor
357:manor
210:01634
2617:Kent
2565:2018
2514:ISBN
2442:2019
2421:2016
2403:2016
2349:2019
2323:2024
2297:2023
2257:2019
2239:2016
2220:2015
2201:2015
2177:2011
2151:ISBN
2139:2024
2113:ISBN
2101:2019
2092:Tour
2081:2016
2056:ISBN
2033:2018
1948:ISBN
1164:APCM
1114:clay
1112:and
1032:Sand
804:and
770:bays
636:The
345:Kent
296:Kent
237:Kent
232:Fire
225:Kent
132:Kent
71:Kent
2615:in
2611:of
2273:doi
1120:by
759:at
663:sic
644:of
625:of
600:Odo
573:of
351:to
199:ME2
2800::
2556:.
2485:16
2483:,
2479:,
2459:,
2455:,
2383:,
2371:,
2359:,
2267:,
2230:,
2211:,
2190:,
2186:,
2167:,
2129:,
2023:,
1617:^
1542:^
1527:^
1474:^
1385:^
1358:^
1331:^
1067:,
973:.
871:.
633:.
594:,
534:A
531:.
486:.
482:,
450:,
379:.
286:UK
2600:e
2593:t
2586:v
2567:.
2275::
1915:.
1903:.
1891:.
1879:.
1867:.
1819:.
1807:.
1795:.
1759:.
1735:.
1723:.
1711:.
1576:.
1564:.
1552:.
1537:.
1522:.
1510:.
1498:.
1486:.
1469:.
1457:.
1445:.
1433:.
1421:.
1409:.
1397:.
1380:.
1353:.
1341:.
1270:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
