139:
111:
424:
This genus can be broadly divided into two groups - lineages originating from the colonization of the earliest Canary
Islands of Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and Gran Canaria, probably between 10-20 million years ago, and a lineage that colonised the younger western islands probably less than 10 million
436:(Cox et al., 2010). Finally, the clade that colonized the younger western islands was likely to have originated from Lanzarote/Fuerteventura. This western island clade diverged into two groups, all of which colonized Tenerife, La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierro, leading to 1) a medium-bodied (e.g.,
432:
which is present today (Cox et al., 2010). Gran
Canaria was the next island to have been colonized from Lanzarote/Fuerteventura, giving rise to the large body-sized species,
1204:
1149:
1094:
448:
from
Tenerife belongs to the "giant" group, but present-day individuals are not that large). The giant species now exist, at best, in small relict populations, while
1522:
1617:
1561:
910:
A.; Klembara J.; Smith K.T. (2016): Fossil lizard from central Europe resolves the origin of large body size and herbivory in giant Canary Island lacertids
986:
912:
881:, F.; Evans, S. E.; Mateo, J.A.; García-Márquez, M. & López-Jurado, L.F. (2000): Endemism, gigantism and extinction in island lizards: the genus
1496:
1607:
1535:
980:, N.; Carranza, S.; Rando, J.C.; Arnold, E.N. & Cabrera, V.M. (2003): Status and relationships of the extinct giant Canary Island lizard
739:
400:
are characteristic for eating significant quantities of plants, and several lineages are often presented as classic examples for
1540:
1548:
1315:
1225:
1333:
1297:
1279:
1243:
1431:
1351:
1261:
952:
1475:
1044:
Database entry includes a range map and a brief justification of why this species is listed as critically endangered
428:
MtDNA analyses indicate that
Lanzarote and Fuerteventura were colonized first and this led to the small body-sized
1566:
1488:
713:
322:
138:
808:
315:
227:
1612:
1371:
764:
753:
1436:
552:
Extant, not endangered = blue. Extant, critically endangered = purple. Extinct = red. Introduced = gray.
1198:
1143:
1088:
782:
416:
species of the Canary islands was probably already very large but carnivorous (Černaňský et al., 2016).
928:, S. C.; Carranza S.; Brown R. P. (2010): Divergence times and colonization of the Canary Islands by
1457:
1418:
822:
1209:
Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is critically endangered
1154:
Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is critically endangered
1099:
Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is critically endangered
298:
1127:
1072:
1031:
887:
246:
133:
1182:
1602:
1574:
1527:
1444:
401:
368:
331:
267:
260:
253:
1579:
1177:
1122:
1067:
1026:
995:
941:
896:
843:
791:
728:
379:
305:
284:
274:
118:
692:
530:
is a valid species that probably was restricted to
Tenerife, and apparently was closer to
972:
Island
Biogeography and Evolution: Solving a Phylogenetic Puzzle Using Molecular Genetics
378:
of this group have a number of characteristics that make them quite special within their
1483:
1470:
1409:
475:
367:
there ever since the first islands emerged from the sea over 20 million years ago. The
356:
412:
of mainland Europe casts doubt on this assumption. Instead the ancestor of all modern
1596:
1168:
1113:
1104:
1058:
1049:
1017:
1008:
999:
409:
393:
64:
1159:
388:
1449:
971:
1423:
984:(Reptilia: Lacertidae), assessed using ancient mtDNA from its mummified remains.
1553:
1509:
1403:
1158:
Jose
Antonio Mateo Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009).
1103:
Jose
Antonio Mateo Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009).
1048:
Jose
Antonio Mateo Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009).
945:
523:
39:
1394:
900:
383:
375:
311:
280:
210:
200:
110:
84:
49:
425:
years ago (Cox et al., 2010). Both lineages contain large and small species.
795:
519:
495:
491:
364:
290:
150:
89:
33:
1388:
499:
467:
466:, the former supposedly occurring on several islands, the latter only on
352:
190:
170:
79:
74:
59:
54:
44:
1357:
1339:
1321:
1303:
1285:
1267:
1249:
1231:
1501:
743:
371:
236:
180:
100:
94:
69:
1514:
160:
1365:
920:
360:
343:
502:
are probably just extremely large individuals of, respectively,
456:
1369:
1462:
957:
440:
from El Hierro) and 2) a large bodied "giant" species (e.g.,
386:); their only close relatives are the sandrunner lizards (
1007:
Jose
Antonio Mateo Miras, Iñigo Martínez-Solano (2009).
526:
remains, and by analysis of this, it was concluded that
444:
from El Hierro) on each of these islands (note that
1378:
546:Distribution of small, large, and giant species of
544:
470:. It was eventually determined, however, that
8:
1203:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1148:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1128:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61505A12494026.en
1093:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1073:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61502A12493034.en
1032:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61501A12492629.en
1183:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T8881A12935900.en
1366:
958:European Nature Information System (EUNIS)
109:
20:
1181:
1126:
1071:
1030:
455:Prehistoric remains were assigned to the
482:, and that the latter was very close to
1218:
934:Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution
1196:
1141:
1086:
1618:Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger
522:giant specimen from Tenerife yielded
7:
1489:29e70664-9c61-494f-8820-1daee7efceb0
404:. However, a find of an even larger
1169:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1114:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1059:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1018:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
740:Roque Chico de Salmor giant lizard
363:consists of a group that has been
14:
921:https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12340
775:(Miras & Pérez-Mellado 2005a)
1000:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2003.00265.x
137:
1608:Reptiles of the Canary Islands
1:
1358:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
1340:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
1322:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
1304:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
1286:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
1268:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
1250:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
1232:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
974:. Downloaded on 11 May 2006.
964:. Downloaded on 18 May 2006.
860:Gallotia galloti insulanagae
850:Gallotia galloti eisentrauti
703:Gallotia atlantica mahoratae
698:Gallotia atlantica atlantica
452:may be extinct on La Palma.
420:Systematics and biogeography
953:European Environment Agency
946:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.03.020
846:or Western Canaries lizard
1634:
828:Gallotia caesaris caesaris
1360:. Accessed 15 April 2014.
1342:. Accessed 15 April 2014.
1270:. Accessed 15 April 2014.
1234:. Accessed 15 April 2014.
901:10.1017/S0952836900003101
833:Gallotia caesaris gomerae
750:Gallotia simonyi machadoi
714:Gran Canaria giant lizard
323:Gallotia simonyi machadoi
242:
235:
134:Scientific classification
132:
117:
108:
23:
1324:. Accessed 18 June 2014.
1306:. Accessed 18 June 2014.
1288:. Accessed 18 June 2014.
1252:. Accessed 18 June 2014.
855:Gallotia galloti galloti
809:Tenerife speckled lizard
736:Gallotia simonyi simonyi
316:Gallotia simonyi simonyi
124:Gallotia galloti galloti
885:on the Canary Islands.
865:Gallotia galloti palmae
765:La Gomera giant lizard
754:El Hierro giant lizard
355:(wall lizards) of the
128:male (top) and female
1121:: e.T61505A12494026.
1066:: e.T61502A12493034.
1025:: e.T61501A12492629.
792:Tenerife giant lizard
783:La Palma giant lizard
769:G. (simonyi) gomerana
550:, going west to east.
1484:Fauna Europaea (new)
1176:: e.T8881A12935900.
1317:Gallotia intermedia
1107:Gallotia intermedia
987:Biol. J. Linn. Soc.
913:Zool. J. Linn. Soc.
805:Gallotia intermedia
773:G. simonyi bravoana
553:
299:Gallotia intermedia
1227:Gallotia atlantica
732:- Simony's lizard
689:Gallotia atlantica
545:
518:2000). However, a
247:Gallotia atlantica
1590:
1589:
1575:Open Tree of Life
1372:Taxon identifiers
1335:Gallotia caesaris
1299:Gallotia auaritae
1281:Gallotia bravoana
1245:Gallotia stehlini
1052:Gallotia bravoana
1011:Gallotia auaritae
1002:
948:
903:
823:Boettger's lizard
819:Gallotia caesaris
779:Gallotia auaritae
761:Gallotia bravoana
710:Gallotia stehlini
680:
679:
408:species from the
402:insular gigantism
392:) of the western
340:
339:
332:Gallotia stehlini
294:
268:Gallotia caesaris
261:Gallotia bravoana
254:Gallotia auaritae
231:
1625:
1583:
1582:
1570:
1569:
1557:
1556:
1554:NHMSYS0000375527
1544:
1543:
1531:
1530:
1518:
1517:
1505:
1504:
1492:
1491:
1479:
1478:
1466:
1465:
1453:
1452:
1440:
1439:
1427:
1426:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1367:
1361:
1353:Gallotia galloti
1349:
1343:
1331:
1325:
1313:
1307:
1295:
1289:
1277:
1271:
1263:Gallotia simonyi
1259:
1253:
1241:
1235:
1223:
1208:
1202:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1162:Gallotia simonyi
1153:
1147:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1098:
1092:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1034:
994:
982:Gallotia goliath
940:
895:
840:Gallotia galloti
788:Gallotia goliath
729:Gallotia simonyi
554:
306:Gallotia simonyi
288:
285:Gallotia goliath
275:Gallotia galloti
226:
142:
141:
113:
99:
36:
29:Temporal range:
21:
16:Genus of lizards
1633:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1578:
1573:
1565:
1560:
1552:
1547:
1539:
1534:
1526:
1521:
1513:
1508:
1500:
1495:
1487:
1482:
1474:
1469:
1461:
1456:
1448:
1443:
1435:
1430:
1422:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1374:
1364:
1350:
1346:
1332:
1328:
1314:
1310:
1296:
1292:
1278:
1274:
1260:
1256:
1242:
1238:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1195:
1188:
1186:
1157:
1140:
1133:
1131:
1102:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1006:
1003:(HTML abstract)
970:, R.P. (2000):
904:(HTML abstract)
875:
844:Tenerife lizard
722:
693:Atlantic lizard
551:
490:specimens from
422:
225:
136:
127:
121:
119:Tenerife lizard
104:
98:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1631:
1629:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1571:
1558:
1545:
1532:
1519:
1506:
1493:
1480:
1471:Fauna Europaea
1467:
1454:
1441:
1428:
1415:
1400:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1362:
1344:
1326:
1308:
1290:
1272:
1254:
1236:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1155:
1100:
1045:
1004:
993:(4): 659–670.
975:
965:
949:
923:
905:
894:(3): 373-388.
874:
871:
870:
869:
868:
867:
862:
857:
852:
837:
836:
835:
830:
814:Small species
812:
811:
802:
785:
776:
758:
757:
756:
747:
723:Large species
717:
716:
707:
706:
705:
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678:
677:
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634:
629:
627:
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623:
619:
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613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
579:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
476:junior synonym
421:
418:
357:Canary Islands
338:
337:
336:
335:
328:
327:
326:
319:
302:
295:
278:
271:
264:
257:
250:
240:
239:
233:
232:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
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173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
130:
129:
115:
114:
106:
105:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
37:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1630:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1613:Lizard genera
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1206:
1200:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1156:
1151:
1145:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1046:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
989:
988:
983:
979:
976:
973:
969:
966:
963:
959:
955:
954:
950:
947:
943:
938:
935:
931:
927:
924:
922:
918:
917:
914:
909:
906:
902:
898:
893:
890:
889:
884:
880:
877:
876:
872:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
845:
841:
838:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
824:
820:
817:
816:
815:
810:
806:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
786:
784:
780:
777:
774:
770:
766:
762:
759:
755:
751:
748:
745:
741:
737:
734:
733:
731:
730:
726:
725:
724:
721:
720:Western clade
715:
711:
708:
704:
701:
699:
696:
695:
694:
690:
687:
686:
685:
684:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
643:
642:
639:
637:
635:
633:
632:G. intermedia
630:
628:
626:
624:
621:
620:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
581:
580:
576:
574:Fuerteventura
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
556:
555:
549:
543:
541:
537:
533:
532:G. intermedia
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:
453:
451:
447:
446:G. intermedia
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
419:
417:
415:
411:
410:early Miocene
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:Mediterranean
391:
390:
385:
381:
377:
373:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:
345:
334:
333:
329:
325:
324:
320:
318:
317:
313:
310:
309:
308:
307:
303:
301:
300:
296:
292:
287:
286:
282:
279:
277:
276:
272:
270:
269:
265:
263:
262:
258:
256:
255:
251:
249:
248:
244:
243:
241:
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234:
229:
224:
223:
219:
216:
215:
212:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
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189:
186:
185:
182:
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176:
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165:
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159:
156:
155:
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135:
131:
125:
120:
116:
112:
107:
102:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
35:
26:
22:
19:
1379:
1352:
1347:
1334:
1329:
1316:
1311:
1298:
1293:
1280:
1275:
1262:
1257:
1244:
1239:
1226:
1221:
1199:cite journal
1187:. Retrieved
1173:
1167:
1161:
1144:cite journal
1132:. Retrieved
1118:
1112:
1106:
1089:cite journal
1077:. Retrieved
1063:
1057:
1051:
1036:. Retrieved
1022:
1016:
1010:
990:
985:
981:
977:
967:
961:
951:
936:
933:
929:
925:
915:
911:
907:
891:
886:
882:
878:
864:
859:
854:
849:
839:
832:
827:
818:
813:
804:
799:
787:
778:
772:
768:
760:
749:
735:
727:
719:
718:
709:
702:
697:
688:
682:
681:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
631:
616:G. atlantica
615:
611:G. atlantica
610:
606:G. atlantica
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
571:Gran Canaria
547:
539:
538:(Maca-Meyer
535:
531:
527:
515:
511:
507:
503:
487:
483:
479:
471:
463:
459:
454:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
430:G. atlantica
429:
427:
423:
413:
405:
397:
389:Psammodromus
387:
347:
346:
341:
330:
321:
314:
304:
297:
283:
273:
266:
259:
252:
245:
221:
220:
123:
24:
18:
1510:iNaturalist
1404:Wikispecies
1189:18 November
1134:18 November
1079:18 November
1038:18 November
939:: 747-757.
798:; includes
767:, formerly
683:Basal group
673:G. stehlini
668:G. stehlini
658:G. bravoana
653:G. auaritae
596:G. caesaris
586:G. caesaris
524:ancient DNA
512:G. auaritae
508:G. bravoana
486:; supposed
438:G. caesaris
434:G. stehlini
211:Gallotiinae
207:Subfamily:
1597:Categories
978:Maca-Meyer
873:References
663:G. goliath
648:G. simonyi
601:G. galloti
591:G. galloti
577:Lanzarote
536:G. simonyi
528:G. goliath
514:(Barahona
504:G. simonyi
488:G. goliath
484:G. simonyi
480:G. goliath
460:G. goliath
450:G. auritae
442:G. simonyi
384:Lacertidae
376:subspecies
201:Lacertidae
32:10–0
1214:Footnotes
932:lizards.
908:Černaňský
800:G. maxima
796:subfossil
746:(c.1930s)
565:La Gomera
559:El Hierro
520:mummified
496:La Gomera
492:El Hierro
472:G. maxima
464:G. maxima
353:lacertids
291:subfossil
228:Boulenger
157:Kingdom:
151:Eukaryota
1603:Gallotia
1424:Gallotia
1410:Gallotia
1395:Q1007776
1389:Wikidata
1380:Gallotia
962:Gallotia
930:Gallotia
919:167 (4)
888:J. Zool.
883:Gallotia
879:Barahona
568:Tenerife
562:La Palma
548:Gallotia
534:than to
500:La Palma
468:Tenerife
414:Gallotia
406:Gallotia
398:Gallotia
396:region.
365:evolving
351:are the
348:Gallotia
222:Gallotia
197:Family:
191:Squamata
181:Reptilia
171:Chordata
167:Phylum:
161:Animalia
147:Domain:
25:Gallotia
1541:1155161
1528:1360166
1502:7745814
1356:at the
1338:at the
1320:at the
1302:at the
1284:at the
1266:at the
1248:at the
1230:at the
956:(2006)
744:extinct
542:2003).
372:species
369:endemic
359:. This
237:Species
217:Genus:
187:Order:
177:Class:
103:–Recent
101:Miocene
1580:685346
1476:214630
1437:669863
968:Filson
644:Giant
622:Large
582:Small
540:et al.
516:et al.
510:, and
498:, and
380:family
230:, 1916
1567:39189
1523:IRMNG
1515:35987
1463:14594
474:is a
361:genus
344:genus
1562:NCBI
1536:ITIS
1497:GBIF
1450:4LYK
1432:BOLD
1205:link
1191:2021
1174:2009
1150:link
1136:2021
1119:2009
1095:link
1081:2021
1064:2009
1040:2021
1023:2009
771:and
462:and
457:taxa
374:and
342:The
40:PreꞒ
1549:NBN
1458:EoL
1445:CoL
1419:ADW
1178:doi
1123:doi
1068:doi
1027:doi
996:doi
942:doi
926:Cox
897:doi
892:250
478:of
1599::
1577::
1564::
1551::
1538::
1525::
1512::
1499::
1486::
1473::
1460::
1447::
1434::
1421::
1406::
1391::
1201:}}
1197:{{
1172:.
1166:.
1146:}}
1142:{{
1117:.
1111:.
1091:}}
1087:{{
1062:.
1056:.
1021:.
1015:.
991:80
960::
937:56
842:-
821:-
807:-
794:,
790:-
781:-
763:-
752:-
742:,
738:-
712:-
691:-
506:,
494:,
90:Pg
34:Ma
1207:)
1193:.
1180::
1164:"
1160:"
1152:)
1138:.
1125::
1109:"
1105:"
1097:)
1083:.
1070::
1054:"
1050:"
1042:.
1029::
1013:"
1009:"
998::
944::
916:,
899::
382:(
312:†
293:)
289:(
281:†
126:)
122:(
95:N
85:K
80:J
75:T
70:P
65:C
60:D
55:S
50:O
45:Ꞓ
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