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The notation is not accurate in modern sense. It provides a musical skeleton, allowing an artist to improvise. The details are usually passed on by oral tradition. However, once a tradition is lost, it is very difficult to reconstruct how the music was supposed to sound. Variations among different
2136:, understood to be played at regular intervals, are written alongside the notes. Gongche is written in the same format as Chinese was traditionally written; from top to bottom and then from right to left. The rhythm marks are written to the right of the note characters.
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Using this method, only the number of notes within a beat can be specified. The actual length of each note is up to tradition and the interpretation of the artist.
2195:. In effect, there is one beat in every two notes, i.e. two notes are sung or played to each beat. These notes in solfege with markings will show a similar effect:
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of certain musical instrument, possibly using a fixed "do" system. Later it became a popular pitch notation, typically using a movable "do" system.
333:
2375:
2112:
2290:) in ancient times and many traditional musicians still learn their music from such scores (although they typically perform from memory).
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system. There are variations of the character set used for musical notes. A commonly accepted set is shown below with its relation to
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When the notes are sung in different opera traditions, they do not sound as the words would be pronounced in the respective
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The diagram at the left illustrates how the tune "Old McDonald Had a Farm" will look like if written in
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302:. It was named after two of the Chinese characters that were used to represent musical notes, namely "
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The three notes just below the central octave are usually represented by special characters:
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2354:
East Asia: China, Japan, and Korea (Garland
Encyclopedia of World Music). 2001. page 828
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A comparative table of
Gongche notation and other notations, from a book published in
2399:
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2260:
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772:" are extended by a tiny slash downward for the lower octave; additionally, a left
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notation does not mark the relative length of the notes. Instead, marks for the
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in 1909. In Japan, Gongche notation became widespread to a certain extent.
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Notice that the actual rhythm marks used differ among various traditions.
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845:" (⿰彳上), the "do" just above the central octave, is usually replaced by "
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The system was also introduced to Korea (where it is referred to as
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340:. However usage of the notation has declined, replaced by mostly
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traditions increased the difficulty in learning the notation.
29:
782:" is added to denote one octave higher than the central, or "
2344:(in Vietnamese). 同文齋藏板 Đồng Văn Trai tàng bản. p. 43.
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1523:. Instead, they are pronounced in an approximation of
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2378:shows how the same piece of music is written in
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348:) and sometimes the standard western notation.
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707:is not used, or its role is exchanged with "
332:written in this notation is still used for
2374:notation is used in Cantonese opera. This
724:, traditions differ among themselves. For
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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334:traditional Chinese musical instruments
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720:To represent other notes in different
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2149:" denotes the stronger beat, called "
7:
2263:. It is believed to have begun as a
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2175:" denotes the weaker beat, called "
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804:" denotes only one octave higher.
798:" denotes an octave lower, while "
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290:method, once popular in ancient
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788:" for two octaves higher. For
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1:
2255:notation was invented in the
851:" in the Cantonese tradition.
838:" in the Cantonese tradition.
823:" in the Taiwanese tradition.
648:Simplified Japanese notation
2368:Cantonese Opera (in Chinese)
2233:Example of gongche use with
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27:Traditional musical notation
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2342:日用常談 Nhật dụng thường đàm
2237:tablature and beat marks.
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2118:Old MacDonald Had a Farm
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150:Traditional Chinese
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807:Some other variations:
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2340:Phạm, Đình Hổ (1851).
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54:improve this article
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242:Vietnamese alphabet
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817:" is replaced by "
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69:"Gongche notation"
2390:standard notation
2370:explains how the
2248:History and usage
2143:notation. Here, "
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16:(Redirected from
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1838:
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1829:
1828:[ŋ̬̍]
1825:
1822:
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1815:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1783:
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1779:[sìː]
1776:
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1721:
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1697:
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1682:[jìː]
1679:
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1515:Pronunciation
1514:
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876:
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840:
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791:
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729:
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723:
718:
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697:. Sometimes "
696:
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301:
300:musical notes
298:to represent
297:
293:
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88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2383:
2379:
2371:
2350:
2341:
2335:
2318:
2308:
2293:
2292:
2288:gong jeok bo
2287:
2285:
2269:
2261:Song dynasty
2257:Tang dynasty
2252:
2251:
2243:
2240:
2223:
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2199:
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1925:
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1620:
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1518:
1361:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1031:
874:
866:
862:
861:
854:
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792:, however, "
725:
719:
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704:
694:
684:
676:
617:
610:
599:
588:
577:
568:
503:
499:
449:Scale degree
371:
356:
353:movable "do"
350:
341:
328:
323:
311:
282:
281:
275:
274:
273:
198:Hanyu Pinyin
144:Chinese name
116:
110:January 2017
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2095:lʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ
677:Sometimes "
330:Sheet music
204:gōng chě pǔ
2400:Categories
2388:, and the
2327:References
2134:percussion
1856:character
1846:characters
1658:Cantonese
1619:Cantonese
1551:character
1541:characters
865:scale for
294:. It uses
80:newspapers
2380:gongchepu
2295:Kunkunshi
2265:tablature
2089:kəwŋ͡m˧˧
2083:tʰɨəŋ˧˨ʔ
2074:həːp̚˧˨ʔ
2023:kəwŋ͡m˧˦
1733:Jyutping
283:gongchepu
2376:document
2313:See also
2300:Ryukyuan
2125:notation
2086:sïk̟̚˧˦
2026:faːn˧˨ʔ
1625:Jyutping
1437:Solfege
1110:Solfege
634:Solfege
500:between
278:notation
219:Jyutping
2372:gongche
2304:sanshin
2253:Gongche
2214:
2169:, and "
2141:gongche
2130:Gongche
2123:gongche
2092:faːm˨˩
2080:ʔət̚˧˦
2051:thượng
2017:saːŋ˧˧
1926:Gongche
1853:Gongche
1844:Gongche
1660:Gongche
1621:Gongche
1548:Gongche
1539:Gongche
1204:Gongche
1195:Gongche
875:Gongche
863:Gongche
774:radical
766:" and "
722:octaves
578:Gongche
477:Solfège
372:Gongche
361:solfege
276:Gongche
256:Hán-Nôm
94:scholar
18:Gongche
2385:jianpu
2320:Jianpu
2107:Rhythm
2098:ŋu˦ˀ˥
2029:liw˧˦
2011:sɨ˧˨ʔ
1745:soeng
1638:saang
1362:Jianpu
1032:Jianpu
618:Jianpu
357:jianpu
342:jianpu
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2280:Kyoto
2235:guqin
2077:tɨ˧˦
2060:phàm
2057:công
2054:xích
2032:ʔu˧˦
2020:se˧˧
2014:ʔi˧˧
2008:hɔ˨˩
1950:phạn
1947:cống
1941:xang
1754:faan
1751:gung
1742:jyut
1647:faan
1644:gung
867:Kunqu
727:Kunqu
382:shàng
314:and "
292:China
262:系統合四上
101:JSTOR
87:books
2298:, a
2206:sol
2193:liáo
2185:or "
2159:or "
2071:IPA
2066:ngũ
2063:lục
2042:hợp
2005:IPA
1953:líu
1757:luk
1748:cek
1736:hap
1650:liu
1372:7̣̣
1369:6̣̣
1366:5̣̣
1042:7̣̣
1039:6̣̣
1036:5̣̣
760:", "
754:", "
748:", "
742:", "
736:", "
628:(7̣)
506:ti)
502:ti♭
471:(7)
402:gōng
359:and
336:and
312:gōng
73:news
2222:re
2218:mi
2212:sol
2210:la
2202:do
2183:yǎn
2167:pāi
2157:bǎn
2121:in
2048:ất
2045:tứ
1944:xê
1935:xự
1932:hò
1760:ng
1739:si
1653:wu
1641:ce
1635:ji
1632:si
1629:ho
1506:la
1503:sol
1482:sol
1461:sol
1440:sol
1432:6̇
1429:5̇
1426:4̇
1423:3̇
1420:2̇
1417:1̇
1393:7̣
1390:6̣
1387:5̣
1384:4̣
1381:3̣
1378:2̣
1375:1̣
1182:ti
1176:sol
1155:sol
1134:sol
1113:sol
1105:7̇
1102:6̇
1099:5̇
1096:4̇
1093:3̇
1090:2̇
1087:1̇
1063:7̣
1060:6̣
1057:5̣
1054:4̣
1051:3̣
1048:2̣
1045:1̣
685:shì
637:sol
625:6̣
622:5̣
504:and
493:sol
462:(4)
422:liù
412:fán
392:chě
324:chě
280:or
173:工尺谱
157:工尺譜
56:by
2402::
2382:,
2224:do
2220:re
2216:mi
2208:la
2204:do
2200:do
2191:"
2181:"
2165:"
2155:"
1956:ú
1938:y
1500:fa
1497:mi
1494:re
1491:do
1488:ti
1485:la
1479:fa
1476:mi
1473:re
1470:do
1467:ti
1464:la
1458:fa
1455:mi
1452:re
1449:do
1446:ti
1443:la
1414:7
1411:6
1408:5
1405:4
1402:3
1399:2
1396:1
1348:𢓌
1343:𢓉
1338:𢓁
1321:𢒼
1179:la
1173:fa
1170:mi
1167:re
1164:do
1161:ti
1158:la
1152:fa
1149:mi
1146:re
1143:do
1140:ti
1137:la
1131:fa
1128:mi
1125:re
1122:do
1119:ti
1116:la
1084:7
1081:6
1078:5
1075:4
1072:3
1069:2
1066:1
1011:𠆾
1006:𠆩
910:𪛝
905:𪛜
900:𪛛
895:𪛚
890:𪛙
885:𪛘
880:𪛗
843:𱝫
717:.
715:yǐ
713:"
705:yī
703:"
695:sì
693:"
683:"
640:la
611:yī
600:sì
589:hé
556:L
496:la
487:mi
484:re
481:do
442:yǐ
432:wǔ
363:.
326:.
322:"
310:"
2392:.
2188:撩
2178:眼
2172:、
2162:拍
2152:板
2146:。
1999:呴
1994:了
1987:貢
1982:車
1977:扛
1970:徐
1965:乎
1917:五
1910:六
1903:凡
1896:工
1889:尺
1882:上
1875:乙
1868:四
1861:合
1612:五
1605:六
1598:反
1591:工
1584:尺
1577:上
1570:乙
1563:士
1556:合
1354:鿉
1333:鿈
1327:生
1315:五
1308:六
1301:反
1294:工
1287:尺
1280:上
1273:乙
1266:士
1259:合
1252:仮
1245:仜
1238:伬
1231:仩
1224:亿
1217:仕
1210:佮
1024:亿
1017:伍
1000:仜
993:伬
986:仩
979:乙
972:五
965:六
958:凡
951:工
944:尺
937:上
930:一
923:四
916:合
848:生
841:"
835:反
829:凡
826:"
820:乂
814:尺
811:"
801:彳
795:亻
785:彳
779:亻
776:"
769:凡
763:工
757:尺
751:上
745:一
739:四
733:合
710:乙
700:一
690:四
680:士
667:ㄧ
660:マ
653:ム
606:一
595:四
584:合
551:ゐ
544:久
537:り
530:フ
523:人
516:ル
468:6
465:5
459:3
456:2
453:1
438:乙
428:五
418:六
408:凡
398:工
388:尺
378:上
344:(
318:尺
306:工
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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