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1540:, the capital of the Kingdom of Goryeo, several men entered the King’s private chamber in the middle of the night and butchered him with swords. Though at least three people shouted, "enemy has entered," the palace guards dared not make a move, and the royal servants refused to come out of their rooms. Immediately after the murder, a court eunuch named Yi Kang-tal and the high ministers Gyung Bouheung,
36:
1392:, and the names of five of these are recorded as: Hong Yun, Han An, Kwon Chin, Hong Kwan, and No Son. Princess Noguk became pregnant but died from complications with childbirth in 1365. Her death led to King Gongmin's depression and mental instability. King Gongmin became indifferent to politics and entrusted the great tasks of state to
1396:, a Buddhist monk who was born as the son of a princess and a slave. Judging him as clever, King Gongmin renamed Pyeonjo as Sin Ton. Having the full confidence of King Gongmin, Sin Ton tried to reform the society of Goryeo. In 1365, King Gongmin gave Pyeonjo the nickname "Cheonghan Geosa" and the noble title of
1326:
Another issue was the question of land holdings. The land-grant system had broken down, and Mongol-favoured officials, along with a handful of landed gentry, owned the vast majority of agricultural landholdings, which were worked by tenant farmers and bondsmen. However, King
Gongmin's attempt at land
1255:, prospective rulers of Korea married Mongolian princesses and were customarily sent to the Yuan Court, in effect, as hostages. As per this custom, King Gongmin spent many years in the Yuan court, being sent there in 1341, before ascending the Korean throne. He married a Mongolian princess who became
1466:
was organized so that
Gongmin himself could instruct these young men and groom them as the next generation of loyal government ministers. However, the record goes on to recount that Gongmin had become mentally unbalanced after the death of his first wife, and though he had four consorts, he rarely
1548:, including Hong Ryun, as his accomplices. All six were executed, their fathers put in prison, their children hanged, their families’ properties confiscated, and their brothers and uncles flogged and sent into exile. Mercy was shown only to the wives, who were allowed to live on as palace slaves.
1279:
of 1238, King
Gongmin began efforts to reform Goryeo government. His first act was to remove all pro-Mongol aristocrats and military officers from their positions. These deposed people formed a dissident faction which plotted an unsuccessful coup against the king. High official
509:
1693:
1705:
146:
1334:(Japanese pirates) were also a problem during King Gongmin's reign. Initially starting as 'hit-and-run' bandits, the Wokou evolved into well-organized military marauders raiding deep into the interior. Generals
1379:
and the king was very close, they failed to conceive an heir for many years. Despite suggestions of taking a second wife, King
Gongmin ignored these requests. The king was also known to have entered into
1427:
as a direct threat to their status and feared that further attempts at reform might follow. Kaesong's deposed pro-Mongol faction battled to protect its position and hoped to renew ties with the
Mongols.
1544:, and An Sagi, conducted an inquiry, discovered Ch'oe Man-saeng still wearing clothes stained with Gongmin's blood, and extracted a confession from him. He named five members of the elite
1523:) reported to King Gongmin that Consort Ik was in her fifth month of pregnancy. The King was greatly pleased by this, and asked who the father was. When he learned that it was Hong Ryun (
2112:
2090:
2046:
1567:
King
Gongmin was well known for his artistic skills, and he is referred to as one of the best artists of the Goryeo period. He was also well known for his calligraphy works.
1510:
and frightened her into complying by threatening her with his sword. After this, the men often went to her chamber at night under the pretext of fulfilling the King’s order.
1678:
2238:
2068:
2024:
1450:
was intended to legitimize the succeeding dynasty by demonstrating the moral failures of the previous one, but there is no alternative historical record to counter the
1454:
account. According to an entry for the first day of the tenth lunar month in the twenty-first year of the reign of King
Gongmin - in the forty-third volume of
1536:
That same night, on the twenty-first day of the ninth lunar month in the twenty-third year of the reign of King
Gongmin (1374 C.E.), at the royal palace in
2369:
1404:). After six years, Sin Ton lost his position, and King Gongmin had him executed in 1371. During his visits, the king had grown close to one of Sin Ton's
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reform was met with opposition and subterfuge from officials who were supposed to implement his reforms, as they were landowners themselves.
1419:
Goryeo's entrenched bureaucracy never forgave King
Gongmin for his reform efforts. They interpreted his policy of cutting all ties with the
1471:
were selected, not for their virtues, but for their youthful beauty and perverted dispositions, to become the King’s intimate companions.
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in 1365. After Sin Ton's death, the boy was proclaimed heir apparent and it was claimed that his mother was a deceased palace maid.
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to have relations with his consorts, in order to produce a male child that he could claim as his own. When three of the consorts,
1295:, between the 1250s and the 1270s, the Mongols annexed the northern provinces of Korea and incorporated them into their empire as
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100:
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72:
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1349:, who invaded Goryeo twice during his reign (first in 1359 and again in 1361). In 1361, the Red Turban troops occupied
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1259:. The Yuan dynasty began to crumble during the mid-14th century, and was eventually conquered and replaced by the
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refused and threatened to commit suicide if they were violated, the King personally took several of the
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1458:, the sixth Book of King Gongmin — in 1372 King Gongmin formed an elite group of young men called the
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1462:(‘Noble Youth Guards’), selected from among the most promising sons of the nobility. Ostensibly, the
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The secret history of the Mongol queens : how the daughters of
Genghis Khan rescued his empire
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The details of King Gongmin’s reign and the circumstances surrounding his death are recorded in
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2004:
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Grandmother: Grand Lady of Gwangju County of the Gwangju Kim clan (광주군대부인 김씨 ; 1258–1339)
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for a short period of time. After Kaesong was recaptured by Generals Ch'oe Yŏng, Yi Sŏng-gye,
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1517:(Hong Ryun) that two years later, on the night of the murder, the eunuch Ch'oe Man-saeng (
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745:
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2163:
2134:
Kim, Young-Gwan; Hahn, Sook-Ja (2006). "Homosexuality in ancient and modern Korea".
1307:, a minor Korean official in the service of the Mongols in Ssangseong, and his son,
1303:. In 1356, the Goryeo army retook these provinces partly thanks to the defection of
1935:
1636:
1424:
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even tried to take over the government, but this rebellion was put down by general
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period. The account of his murder may have been colored by the fact that the
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seeds into Goryeo, introducing cotton cultivation to the Korean peninsula.
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Yeon Je-shin's Portrait, painted by King Gongmin around the 1370s.
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assumed the helm of the government and enthroned eleven-year-old,
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The record goes on to say that the King ordered the men of the
1271:
With the disintegration of Yuan, which had forcibly allied the
1574:"Painting of A Hunt in the Mountains of Heaven" 《天山大獵圖 (천산대렵도
29:
2239:"King Gongmin, one of the most underrated kings of Goryeo"
2069:"King Gongmin, one of the most underrated kings of Goryeo"
2025:"King Gongmin, one of the most underrated kings of Goryeo"
2181:(1st ed.). New York: Crown Publishers. p. 127.
1661:
Crossing a River with a Broken Branch" 《達磨折蘆渡江圖 (달마절로도강도
1533:
men in order to keep the secret of her baby's paternity.
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659:
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2113:"Choe Yeong, the Victorious General of Goryeo Dynasty"
2091:"Choe Yeong, the Victorious General of Goryeo Dynasty"
2047:"Choe Yeong, the Victorious General of Goryeo Dynasty"
1947:
Portrayed by Kim Myeong-su in the 2014 KBS TV series
1364:
During the reign of King Gongmin, a Goryeo diplomat,
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King Inmun Uimu Yongji Myeongyeol Gyeonghyo the Great
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1687:, "Portrait of A Hunt in the Mountains of Heaven".
1361:, few Red Turban troops escaped with their lives.
1210:(23 May 1330 – 27 October 1374, also known by his
411:Goryeo: Wang Gi (왕기, 王祺), later Wang Jeon (왕전, 王顓)
2003:(in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 香港教育圖書公司. p. 58.
1239:Goryeo had been a semi-autonomous vassal state
1467:visited them and was impotent. The members of
1345:Additionally, King Gongmin grappled with the
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1853:
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1222:from 1351 to 1374. He was the second son of
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1826:Royal Consort Jeong of the Juksan Ahn clan
1814:Royal Consort Ik of the Gaeseong Wang clan
1617:"Portrait of Sohn Hong-ryang" 《孫洪亮象 (손홍량상
1195:
1181:
949:
507:
145:
131:
1808:Royal Consort Hye of the Gyeongju Yi clan
1368:, stationed in China, managed to smuggle
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1780:Consorts and their respective issue(s):
1989:
1832:Royal Consort Sin of the Paju Yeom clan
1674:
959:
261: 1349; died 1365)
1785:Queen Indeok of the Yuan Borjigin clan
498:
432:(인문의무용지명열경효대왕, 仁文義武勇智明烈敬孝大王; given by
414:Yuan: Bayan Temür (바얀테무르/백안첩목아, 伯顔帖木兒)
400:
1796:Queen Sunjeong of the Goksan Han clan
1771:Grandfather: Hong Gyu (홍규; 1242–1316)
1768:; 25 August 1298 – 12 February 1380)
7:
1834: (신비 염씨; 1350–1374) – No issue.
1828: (정비 안씨; 1350–1428) – No issue.
1790:Unnamed son (1365); died after birth
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1628:'s Leaving Mountain" 《釋迦出山像 (석가출산상
1251:in the 13th century. Starting with
2370:Korean people of Mongolian descent
1858:; 25 July 1365 – 31 December 1389)
1581:"Painting of Two Sheep" 《二羊圖 (이양도
1375:Although the relationship between
27:31st King of Goryeo (r. 1351–1374)
25:
2430:14th-century Korean calligraphers
2228:, vol. 133. Biographies, vol. 43.
2214:, vol. 133. Biographies, vol. 46.
1810: (혜비 이씨; d.1408) – No issue.
1742:; 20 October 1275 – 23 June 1325)
1551:After his death, a high official
1384:relationships with several court
1704:
1692:
1677:
1423:and establishing relations with
34:
2136:Culture, Health & Sexuality
1938:in the 2012–2013 SBS TV series
1412:, with whom he had a son named
376:
354:
332:
310:
288:
258:
45:needs additional citations for
2380:Leaders who took power by coup
2360:14th-century murdered monarchs
2241:. KBS World. September 1, 2011
2071:. KBS World. September 1, 2011
2027:. KBS World. September 1, 2011
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2115:. KBS World. February 4, 2011
2093:. KBS World. February 4, 2011
2049:. KBS World. February 4, 2011
1669:Dongjabohyeon Yugabaeksang Do
2425:14th-century Korean painters
2365:14th-century Korean monarchs
1729:(30 July 1294 – 3 May 1339)
1342:were tasked to combat them.
1749: (야속진 의비; 1275 – 1316)
941:
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2177:Weatherford, Jack (2010).
1747:Yasokjin, Royal Consort Ui
1570:Example of his works are:
1494:men, including Hong Ryun (
869:Sino-Korean Mongolian name
2390:Bisexual male politicians
2328:
2319:
2311:
2306:
2279:
2148:10.1080/13691050500159720
1881:Foundation of the Kingdom
1293:Mongol invasions of Korea
1249:Mongol invasions of Korea
506:
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427:
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399:
144:
2420:Korean Buddhist monarchs
2405:14th-century LGBT people
2375:Leaders ousted by a coup
2264:
1804:; 1347–1376) – No issue.
1594:Noguk Daejang Gongju Jin
1311:. In addition, Generals
1277:Mongol invasion of Korea
738:Wang Ki, later Wang Chŏn
724:Wang Gi, later Wang Jeon
1969:List of Korean monarchs
1671:《童子普賢六牙白象圖 (동자보현육아백상도)》
1275:since the 40 year long
1663:Dalma Jeollo Dogang Do
1301:Dongnyeong Prefectures
1241:under the overlordship
2395:Bisexual male artists
1979:Korea under Yuan rule
1822:; b.1340) – No issue.
1513:It is written in the
1506:), to the chamber of
1442:, the history of the
1974:Tomb of King Kongmin
1685:Cheonsan Daeryeop Do
1619:Sohn Hong-ryang Sang
1592:" 《魯國大長公主真 (노국대장공주진
1576:Cheonsan Daeryeop Do
1319:led a campaign into
1218:) was 31st ruler of
1134:1330–1332; 1339–1344
1128:1313–1330; 1332–1339
922:Revised Romanization
841:Revised Romanization
790:Revised Romanization
718:Revised Romanization
641:Revised Romanization
562:Revised Romanization
441:(공민왕, 恭愍王; given by
183:Chungjeong of Goryeo
54:improve this article
2270:Doosan Encyclopedia
1734:Chungseon of Goryeo
1652:Hyeonreung Sansu Do
1630:Seokga Chulsan Sang
69:"Gongmin of Goryeo"
2400:Korean LGBT people
2281:Gongmin of Goryeo
2000:事大與保國 ── 元明之際的中韓關係
1865:Popular depictions
1745:Grandmother:
1727:Chungsuk of Goryeo
1402:Chinpyŏng Marquess
472:Chungsuk of Goryeo
2415:Bisexual painters
2338:
2337:
2329:Succeeded by
1908:in the 2008 film
1891:in the 2005–2006
1711:King Gongmin and
1612:Yeom Je-shin Sang
1515:Life of Hong Ryon
1347:Red Turban troops
1208:Gongmin of Goryeo
1205:
1204:
954:Monarchs of Korea
948:
947:
936:McCune–Reischauer
855:McCune–Reischauer
804:McCune–Reischauer
732:McCune–Reischauer
655:McCune–Reischauer
576:McCune–Reischauer
502:Gongmin of Goryeo
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1964:History of Korea
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2301:27 October 1374
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1941:The Great Seer
1932:
1915:
1902:
1885:
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1713:Princess Noguk
1710:
1703:
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1698:
1691:
1689:
1683:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1666:
1655:
1646:"Landscape of
1644:
1639:" 《阿房宮圖 (아방궁도
1635:"Landscape of
1633:
1622:
1615:
1597:
1590:Princess Noguk
1586:
1579:
1564:
1561:
1500:) and Han An (
1433:
1430:
1377:Princess Noguk
1268:
1265:
1243:of the Mongol
1236:
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1024:Jeongjong (靖宗)
1021:
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982:Jeongjong (定宗)
979:
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818:Mongolian name
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224:(aged 44)
214:
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155:King of Goryeo
151:
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42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
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10:
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2:
2447:
2436:
2435:House of Wang
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2286:House of Wang
2278:
2271:
2268:(in Korean).
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2188:9780307407153
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2010:9789882003019
2006:
2002:
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1950:Jeong Do-jeon
1946:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1934:Portrayed by
1933:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1919:Ryu Deok-hwan
1917:Portrayed by
1916:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1904:Portrayed by
1903:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1889:Jeong Bo-seok
1887:Portrayed by
1886:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1870:Portrayed by
1869:
1868:
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1846:; 1345–1376)
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1756:Queen Gongwon
1753:
1748:
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1735:
1732:Grandfather:
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1714:
1707:
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1660:
1657:"Portrait of
1656:
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1641:Ahbanggung Do
1638:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1624:"Portrait of
1623:
1620:
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1599:"Portrait of
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1224:King Chungsuk
1221:
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861:Payan T'emurŭ
858:
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852:
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847:Bayan Temureu
844:
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746:Courtesy name
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541:
539:
535:
525:
523:
519:
514:
510:
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493:
490:
486:
483:
482:Queen Gongwon
480:
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121:
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102:
99:
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92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2410:LGBT royalty
2320:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2243:. Retrieved
2233:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2205:
2178:
2172:
2142:(1): 59–65.
2139:
2135:
2129:
2117:. Retrieved
2107:
2095:. Retrieved
2085:
2073:. Retrieved
2063:
2051:. Retrieved
2041:
2029:. Retrieved
2019:
1999:
1997:范永聰 (2009).
1992:
1948:
1939:
1936:Ryu Tae-joon
1926:
1921:in the 2012
1909:
1896:
1879:
1874:in the 1983
1779:
1760:Namyang Hong
1684:
1668:
1662:
1651:
1640:
1637:Epang Palace
1629:
1618:
1611:
1610:《廉悌臣象 (염제신상
1601:Yeom Je-shin
1593:
1582:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1563:As an artist
1550:
1545:
1535:
1530:
1514:
1512:
1491:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1418:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1374:
1363:
1344:
1329:
1325:
1305:Yi Cha-ch'un
1290:
1270:
1261:Ming dynasty
1257:Queen Indeok
1245:Yuan dynasty
1238:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1149:
681:왕기, later 왕전
582:Kongmin-wang
568:Gongmin-wang
439:King Gongmin
247:Queen Indeok
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2355:1374 deaths
2350:1330 births
2294:23 May 1330
1850:U of Goryeo
1762:clan (
1659:Bodhidharma
1604: [
1398:Jinpyeonghu
1366:Mun Ik-jeom
1359:Yi Pang-sil
1355:Chŏng Se-un
1340:Yi Sŏng-gye
1317:Chi Yong-su
1313:Yi Sŏng-gye
1309:Yi Sŏng-gye
1291:During the
1216:Bayan Temür
516:Korean name
394:U of Goryeo
208:23 May 1330
193:U of Goryeo
179:Predecessor
2344:Categories
2326:1351–1374
2245:4 February
2119:5 February
2097:5 February
2075:4 February
2053:5 February
2031:5 February
1985:References
1925:TV series
1906:Joo Jin-mo
1895:TV series
1878:TV series
1648:Hyeonneung
1614:)》, 1370's
1508:Consort Ik
1425:Ming China
1382:pederastic
1336:Ch'oe Yŏng
1297:Ssangseong
1286:Ch'oe Yŏng
1282:Cho Il-sin
1247:since the
1235:Early life
1144:Chungjeong
1114:Chungnyeol
1078:Myeongjong
994:Gyeongjong
668:Birth name
220:1374-10-28
170:Coronation
110:March 2024
80:newspapers
2197:354817523
1626:Śākyamuni
1583:I Yang Do
1386:catamites
1263:in 1368.
1230:Biography
1212:Mongolian
1170:1389–1392
1164:1388–1389
1158:1374–1388
1152:1351–1374
1146:1348–1351
1140:1344–1348
1122:1308–1313
1120:Chungseon
1116:1274–1308
1110:1259–1274
1104:1213–1259
1098:1211–1213
1092:1204–1211
1086:1197–1204
1080:1170–1197
1074:1146–1170
1068:1122–1146
1062:1105–1122
1056:1095–1105
1050:1094–1095
1044:1083–1094
1032:1046–1083
1026:1034–1046
1020:1031–1034
1014:1009–1031
1012:Hyeonjong
1000:Seongjong
988:Gwangjong
368:Lady Yeom
324:Lady Wang
189:Successor
164:1351–1374
2225:Goryeosa
2211:Goryeosa
2164:35985239
2156:16500825
1958:See also
1898:Shin Don
1754:Mother:
1725:Father:
1553:Yi In-im
1542:Yi In-im
1456:Goryeosa
1452:Goryeosa
1448:Goryeosa
1439:Goryeosa
1406:servants
1321:Liaoyang
1168:Gongyang
1138:Chungmok
1132:Chunghye
1126:Chungsuk
1096:Gangjong
1048:Heonjong
1042:Seonjong
1018:Deokjong
1008:997–1009
810:Wŏllyang
796:Wonryang
703:, later
604:이재 or 익당
590:Art name
492:Buddhism
488:Religion
280:Lady Han
2257:Sources
1872:Im Hyuk
1840: (
1816: (
1801:순정왕후 한씨
1765:공원왕후 홍씨
1758:of the
1736: (
1394:Pyeonjo
1390:chajewi
1351:Kaesong
1150:Gongmin
1108:Wonjong
1090:Huijong
1084:Sinjong
1054:Sukjong
1036:Sunjong
1030:Munjong
1006:Mokjong
1002:981–997
996:975–981
990:949–975
984:945–949
978:943–945
976:Hyejong
972:918–943
381:
373:
359:
351:
346:Lady An
337:
329:
315:
307:
302:Lady Yi
293:
285:
269:Consort
263:
255:
251:
218: (
206:Wang Gi
94:scholar
18:Gongmin
2332:King U
2297:
2195:
2185:
2162:
2154:
2007:
1720:Family
1557:King U
1546:Jajewi
1538:Songdo
1531:Jajewi
1492:Jajewi
1486:, and
1476:Jajewi
1469:Jajewi
1464:Jajewi
1460:Jajewi
1444:Joseon
1414:Monino
1370:cotton
1357:, and
1220:Goryeo
1214:name,
1102:Gojong
1072:Uijong
1066:Injong
1060:Yejong
961:Goryeo
876:Hangul
825:Hangul
753:Hangul
674:Hangul
597:Hangul
522:Hangul
478:Mother
468:Father
434:Goryeo
241:Spouse
229:Burial
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2299:Died:
2292:Born:
2160:S2CID
1928:Faith
1855:고려 우왕
1838:Banya
1819:익비 왕씨
1739:고려 충렬
1608:]
1432:Death
1410:Banya
1388:, or
1332:Wokou
1267:Reign
1162:Chang
970:Taejo
892:Hanja
883:백안첩목아
832:바얀테무르
769:Hanja
690:Hanja
613:Hanja
538:Hanja
457:House
404:Names
389:Issue
375:(
371:
353:(
349:
331:(
327:
309:(
305:
287:(
283:
257:(
253:
161:Reign
139:高麗 恭愍
137:고려 공민
101:JSTOR
87:books
2247:2024
2193:OCLC
2183:ISBN
2152:PMID
2121:2024
2099:2024
2077:2024
2055:2024
2033:2024
2005:ISBN
1480:Jung
1421:Yuan
1338:and
1330:The
1315:and
1299:and
1038:1083
462:Wang
443:Ming
213:Died
203:Born
174:1351
73:news
2265:공민왕
2144:doi
1923:SBS
1893:MBC
1876:KBS
1520:최만생
1488:Sin
1484:Hye
626:or
529:공민왕
56:by
2346::
2191:.
2158:.
2150:.
2138:.
1843:반야
1665:)》
1654:)》
1643:)》
1632:)》
1621:)》
1606:ko
1596:)》
1585:)》
1578:)》
1559:.
1526:홍륜
1503:한안
1497:홍륜
1482:,
1408:,
1323:.
1288:.
1226:.
760:원량
377:m.
355:m.
333:m.
311:m.
289:m.
259:m.
2272:.
2249:.
2199:.
2166:.
2146::
2140:8
2123:.
2101:.
2079:.
2057:.
2035:.
2013:.
1952:.
1944:.
1931:.
1914:.
1901:.
1884:.
1852:(
1798:(
1400:(
1196:e
1189:t
1182:v
1156:U
912:兒
909:木
906:帖
903:顔
900:伯
780:良
777:元
708:顓
705:王
701:祺
698:王
631:堂
628:益
624:齋
621:怡
552:王
549:愍
546:恭
445:)
436:)
222:)
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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