1521:
814:) and the Guadiana, while separated by a subterranean course. This legend developed from a misguided belief (which persisted until the 19th century) that the river appeared and disappeared over time, because of its subterranean tributary. In fact, no subterranean course exists, and the belief that the Lagunas de Ruidera is the source is also controversial. toponymically and traditionally the Upper Guadiana, which runs from
772:(Spain). It is 818 kilometres (508 mi) long, of which 578 kilometres (359 mi) are within Spanish territory, 140 kilometres (87 mi) within Portugal, while 100 kilometres (62 mi) are shared between the two nations. About 82 percent, 55,444 square kilometres (21,407 sq mi), of its basin is in Spain, while about 17 percent, 11,560 square kilometres (4,460 sq mi) is in Portugal.
651:
42:
741:
749:
58:
920:
The ecosystem has
Mediterranean hydrological characteristics, including high variation in intra- and inter-annual discharge, large floods and severe droughts. This variability is a consequence of considerable variation in rainwater supply averaging around an annual mean of 400 to 600 millimetres (16
956:, ranging from 0.8 to 3.5 metres (2.6 to 11.5 ft); their upriver propagation is limited by falls situated 76 kilometres (47 mi) from the mouth at Moinho dos Canais. In the lower estuary there are nature reserves covering a total of 2,089 hectares (5,160 acres); in Spain, the Marismas de
841:
rivers were the sources of the
Guadiana. Today, they are considered integral parts of the river's headwaters and important tributaries, but not necessarily the exact origin. The Ciguela's source is in Altos de Cabreras
961:
886:
until its mouth. The river is not used to completely mark the boundary between the two states; between the
Olivenza ravine and the Táliga ravine, the border still remains a disputed section claimed
1427:
1381:
850:, at an elevation of 1,080 metres (3,540 ft). Its course is 225 kilometres (140 mi) long, receiving contributions from the rivers Jualón, Torrejón, Riánsares, Amarguillo and
830:) had been identified as the main branch of the Guadiana. But even hydro-geological characteristics indicate that the Upper Guadiana may not be the principal river within the system.
874:, where it begins to track south leading to the Gulf of Cádiz. The Guadiana marks the border of Spain and Portugal twice as it runs to the ocean: first, between the River
1420:
642:, and its hydrological basin extends over an area of approximately 68,000 square kilometres (26,000 sq mi) (the majority of which lies within Spain).
1290:
1413:
1400:
765:
216:
1269:
690:
626:
to the southern provinces of the
Algarve; the river and its tributaries flow from east to west, then south through Portugal to the border towns of
858:, a wetland that was designated for protection by the Spanish government in 1973 (situated in the municipalities of Villarrubia de los Ojos and
62:
About 83 percent, 55,000 square kilometres (21,000 sq mi), of the River
Guadiana watershed is in Spain; the rest is in Portugal (
627:
1332:
1319:
1520:
1143:
760:
The
Guadiana flows east to west through Spain and south through Portugal, then forms the Spanish-Portuguese border; it flows into the
1258:
571:
515:
1289:
Chícharo, Luis; Chícharo, Alexandra; Ben-Hamadou, Radhouane; Morais, Pedro (2007). "The
Guadiana Estuary". In Caroline King (ed.).
933:
The river empties into the Gulf of Cádiz between
Ayamonte and Vila Real de Santo António, the two highly touristic regions of the
913:, a distance of 68 kilometres (42 mi). North of Mértola on the Guadiana is the highest waterfall is Southern Portugal called
1550:
899:
855:
948:. The estuary has a maximum width of 550 metres (1,800 ft), and its depth ranges from 5 to 17 metres (16 to 56 ft).
238:
976:
In Spain, three autonomous communities, (Castilla-La Mancha, Extremadura and
Andalusia) (comprising the provinces of
1043:.) The Alqueva reservoir, occupies an area of 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi), with a capacity for 4,150
1148:
1117:
20:
780:
The exact source of the river in
Castilla-La Mancha is disputed, but it is generally believed to spring in the
1545:
1371:
Aldaya, M.M.; Llamas, M.R. (2009). "Water footprint analysis (hydrologic and economic) of the Guadiana river".
1299:
153:
1054:
870:
From its origin/spring runs from the southern Iberian plain in a direction east to west, to near the town of
1395:
1153:
1077:
977:
843:
792:
131:
1273:
135:
1510:
1374:
Report to the U.N. World Water Development Report No. 3 to be presented during the 5th World Water Forum
638:. With a course that covers a distance of 829 kilometres (515 mi), it is the fourth-longest in the
599:
781:
460:
119:
997:
796:
756:, located in the southern arm of the Guadiana, is responsible for Western Europe's largest reservoir.
1318:
Aldaya, Maite M.; Llamas, M. Ramón (2008). "Water Footprint Analysis for the Guadiana River Basin".
1020:
There are over 30 dams on the river basin. The following are the dams on the Guadiana river itself:
390:
1059:
981:
823:
658:
594:
1338:
1445:
1028:
985:
807:
1112:
847:
1540:
1328:
1254:
1082:
922:
879:
639:
445:
410:
1035:, responsible for the largest reservoir in Western Europe. (There are several larger ones in
854:. The union of the rivers Ciguela and Záncara permits the replenishment of the waters in the
400:
834:
761:
729:
635:
585:
536:
530:
477:
455:
450:
204:
1157:
786:
395:
1505:
1475:
1357:
García, Cristóbal García (2003). "Results overview for the Guadiana River Basin (Spain)".
803:
1358:
712:, a cognitive variation that developed from many Andalusi river place-names beginning in
420:
1500:
1495:
1009:
1005:
988:) are crossed by the Guadiana. Meanwhile, in Portugal the river crosses the regions of
686:
405:
1534:
1490:
1485:
1455:
1450:
1292:
Water and Ecosystems: Managing Water in Diverse Ecosystems to Ensure Human Well-being
1122:
1032:
957:
838:
1405:
1298:. Hamilton, Ontario: The United Nations University. pp. 108–117. Archived from
1087:
914:
883:
875:
721:
665:
650:
1229:
1480:
1470:
1460:
1044:
1024:
903:
827:
753:
623:
603:
199:
1465:
953:
910:
851:
440:
436:
253:
240:
168:
155:
1048:
942:
938:
725:
619:
607:
41:
1372:
1360:
WWF Water and Wetland Index – Critical issues in water policy across Europe
925:
with an average annual temperature of 14 to 16 °C (57 to 61 °F).
909:
For the most part, the Guadiana is navigable from the Atlantic Ocean until
740:
1327:. Vol. 3. Madrid, Spain: Fundación Marcelino Botín, Realigraf, S.A.
1001:
989:
894:
819:
769:
631:
611:
224:
100:
1251:
The Guadiana Controversy: History and Legend of the Upper Guadiana River
748:
1040:
993:
945:
934:
888:
871:
859:
815:
615:
220:
708:. Since the 16th century, the name slowly evolved to take on the form
1036:
962:
Reserva Natural do Sapal de Castro Marim e Vila Real de Santo António
415:
799:, Castile–La Mancha, about 608 metres (1,995 ft) in elevation.
57:
968:); they give a valued nature conservation character to the region.
747:
739:
673:
649:
139:
96:
47:
966:
Castro Marim and Vila Real de Santo António Marsh Natural Reserve
949:
695:
680:
1409:
63:
1247:
El polémico Guadiana: historia y leyenda del río Guadiana Alto
557:
545:
501:
489:
810:
and divided into two branches: the Upper Guadiana (Spanish:
700:, later passed on to Portuguese and Spanish settlers as the
598:) is an international river defining a long stretch of the
563:
507:
495:
1245:
Díaz-Pintado Carretón, José (1997). D.L. Soubriet (ed.).
554:
539:
483:
1382:
Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales
572:
560:
542:
516:
504:
486:
480:
833:
Another of the origin theories, postulated that the
654:
The Guadiana drainage basin in the Iberian peninsula
548:
492:
551:
498:
428:
382:
374:
369:
355:
345:
335:
327:
313:
303:
295:
287:
279:
269:
230:
210:
198:
184:
145:
125:
115:
106:
92:
87:
71:
30:
1366:. Madrid, Spain: WWF (World Wildlife Fund) Spain.
1401:United Nations Environment Programme description
1253:]. Ciudad Real, Spain: Argamasilla de Alba.
1421:
8:
1217:
1178:
693:, the name was extended and referred to as
677:
618:(Portugal). The river's basin extends from
1428:
1414:
1406:
806:, was that the river originated from the
361:1,500 m/s (53,000 cu ft/s)
691:Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
593:
1104:
341:78.8 m/s (2,780 cu ft/s)
291:67,733 km (26,152 sq mi)
1272:. Madrid, Spain: Railp. Archived from
764:, part of the Atlantic Ocean, between
46:The Guadiana River in the area around
27:
744:Lake Alqueva along the River Guadiana
584:
7:
892:by both countries and administered
862:, in the province of Ciudad Real).
351:20 m/s (710 cu ft/s)
676:. The Romans adapted this name as
14:
1436:Rivers and Streams of the Algarve
898:by Spain (as part of the Spanish
634:(Spain), where it flows into the
83:, meaning "Anas (an Arabic name")
1519:
1190:José Díaz-Pintado Carretón, 1997
1027:, the largest dam, located near
689:the "River of Ducks." After the
535:
476:
56:
40:
921:to 24 in). The climate is
856:Tablas de Daimiel National Park
802:A classic theory introduced by
1208:Chicharro, et al., 2007, p.109
232: • coordinates
147: • coordinates
16:River in the Iberian peninsula
1:
107:Physical characteristics
271: • elevation
186: • elevation
1230:Dams on the Guadiana Basin.
672:, meaning a marshy area or
622:and the eastern portion of
212: • location
127: • location
1567:
1149:Oxford Living Dictionaries
1118:Collins English Dictionary
766:Vila Real de Santo António
628:Vila Real de Santo António
357: • maximum
347: • minimum
337: • average
315: • maximum
305: • minimum
217:Vila Real de Santo António
190:608 m (1,995 ft)
18:
1517:
1441:
365:
323:
283:818 km (508 mi)
194:
111:
55:
39:
21:Guadiana (disambiguation)
1268:Alonso, A. Cabo (1990).
1218:Aldaya & Llamas 2009
1179:Aldaya & Llamas 2009
430: • right
1551:Natura 2000 in Portugal
1321:Papeles de água Virtual
1154:Oxford University Press
1078:List of rivers of Spain
996:, and the districts of
793:Villarrubia de los Ojos
384: • left
132:Villarrubia de los Ojos
960:and, in Portugal, the
882:, then later from the
846:) and pertains to the
811:
757:
745:
720:such as the hydronyms
678:
655:
319:17 m (56 ft)
1055:García Sola Reservoir
751:
743:
653:
600:Portugal-Spain border
309:5 m (16 ft)
75:Arabic derivative of
1380:. Istanbul, Turkey:
1199:A. Cabo Alonso, 1991
1064:El Vicario Reservoir
937:and the sea-side of
900:autonomous community
797:Ciudad Real Province
275:0 m (0 ft)
254:37.17000°N 7.39361°W
169:39.12667°N 3.72667°W
19:For other uses, see
941:. There it forms a
824:Argamasilla de Alba
595:[ɡwɐdiˈɐnɐ]
586:[ɡwaˈðjana]
370:Basin features
250: /
165: /
1446:Alcantarilha River
1067:Orellana Reservoir
808:Lagunas de Ruidera
758:
746:
656:
259:37.17000; -7.39361
174:39.12667; -3.72667
1528:
1527:
1334:978-84-96655-23-2
1083:Tablas de Daimiel
1045:cubic hectometres
880:Ribeira de Cuncos
782:Ojos del Guadiana
716:using the prefix
704:, and later just
640:Iberian Peninsula
468:
467:
461:Ribeira do Vascão
136:Castile–La Mancha
120:Ojos del Guadiana
1558:
1523:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1407:
1385:
1384:. pp. 1–77.
1379:
1367:
1365:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1337:. Archived from
1326:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1304:
1297:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1264:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1156:. Archived from
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1109:
1060:Cíjara Reservoir
1047:(3,360,000
795:municipal term,
790:
684:
597:
592:
588:
583:
576:
570:
569:
566:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
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541:
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128:
60:
44:
28:
1566:
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1559:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1546:Rivers of Spain
1531:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1515:
1506:Quarteira River
1476:Bensafrim River
1437:
1434:
1396:Guadiana Online
1392:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1347:
1345:
1344:on 3 March 2016
1341:
1335:
1324:
1317:
1308:
1306:
1305:on 12 June 2010
1302:
1295:
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974:
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868:
848:Sistema Ibérico
804:Pliny the Elder
784:
778:
768:(Portugal) and
738:
687:etymolygised as
648:
630:(Portugal) and
590:
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1496:Guadiana River
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1390:External links
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1339:the original
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1307:. Retrieved
1300:the original
1291:
1278:. Retrieved
1274:the original
1250:
1246:
1225:
1220:, p. 8.
1213:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1181:, p. 6.
1174:
1162:. Retrieved
1158:the original
1147:
1138:
1126:. Retrieved
1116:
1107:
1088:Pulo do Lobo
1019:
975:
972:Human impact
965:
932:
919:
915:Pulo do Lobo
908:
893:
887:
884:River Chança
869:
832:
801:
779:
759:
722:Guadalquivir
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
694:
685:, which was
669:
660:
657:
471:
469:
421:Chança River
80:
76:
34:Rio Guadiana
25:
1511:Torre River
1481:Boina River
1471:Arade River
1461:Algoz River
1025:Alqueva Dam
978:Ciudad Real
904:Extremadura
828:Ciudad Real
785: [
754:Alqueva Dam
666:Celtiberian
624:Extremadura
604:Extremadura
591:Portuguese:
375:Tributaries
257: /
172: /
1535:Categories
1466:Alte River
1270:"Guadiana"
1144:"Guadiana"
1113:"Guadiana"
1094:References
998:Portalegre
964:(English:
730:Guadarrama
659:Ptolemy's
288:Basin size
242:37°10′12″N
50:, Portugal
1031:, in the
952:are semi-
943:saltmarsh
939:Andalusia
736:Watershed
726:Guadalete
661:Geography
646:Etymology
620:la Mancha
608:Andalusia
328:Discharge
245:7°23′37″W
160:3°43′36″W
157:39°7′36″N
72:Etymology
1541:Guadiana
1072:See also
990:Alentejo
923:semiarid
895:de facto
822:) until
820:Albacete
770:Ayamonte
710:Guadiana
702:Ouadiana
668:name as
632:Ayamonte
612:Alentejo
582:Spanish:
446:Bullaque
411:Matachel
225:Portugal
101:Portugal
88:Location
1239:Sources
1049:acre⋅ft
1041:Ukraine
994:Algarve
982:Badajoz
954:diurnal
946:estuary
935:Algarve
929:Estuary
911:Mértola
889:de jure
872:Badajoz
860:Daimiel
852:Záncara
839:Záncara
835:Cigüela
816:Viveros
776:Sources
679:Flumen
616:Algarve
441:Záncara
437:Cigüela
401:Jabalón
221:Algarve
93:Country
1348:2 July
1331:
1309:2 July
1280:2 July
1257:
1164:30 May
1128:30 May
1037:Russia
986:Huelva
984:, and
866:Course
844:Cuenca
728:, and
706:Odiana
573:gwahd-
456:Degebe
451:Estena
416:Ardila
378:
331:
299:
280:Length
116:Source
1378:(PDF)
1364:(PDF)
1342:(PDF)
1325:(PDF)
1303:(PDF)
1296:(PDF)
1249:[
1099:Notes
1029:Moura
1002:Évora
992:and
950:Tides
789:]
718:guad-
674:bayou
533:also
520:-dee-
406:Zújar
396:Azuer
296:Depth
200:Mouth
140:Spain
97:Spain
48:Serpa
1350:2010
1329:ISBN
1311:2010
1282:2010
1255:ISBN
1166:2019
1130:2019
1039:and
1016:Dams
1010:Faro
1008:and
1006:Beja
878:and
876:Caia
837:and
752:The
714:wadi
696:Wadi
681:Anās
670:Anas
614:and
606:and
518:GWAH
470:The
99:and
77:Wādī
1051:).
1012:.
906:).
902:of
698:Ana
577:-nə
575:YAH
524:-nə
81:Ana
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1000:,
980:,
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791:,
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589:,
580:,
558:ɑː
546:ɑː
531:US
527:,
522:AH
502:ɑː
490:ɑː
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223:,
219:,
138:,
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79:+
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505:n
499:ˈ
496:i
493:d
487:w
484:ɡ
481:ˌ
478:/
474:(
66:)
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